The genetic engineering of human cells is achieved by isolating the patient's bone marrow cells, infecting them with genetically engineered viruses, and injecting them back into the patient's bone marrow.
What is gene therapy?The gene therapy is done to remove the defective gene and replace it with the normal gene, and this will be helpful as one person is treated for the genetic diseases, and generation after generation, it will pass from parents to offspring.
Hence, genetic engineering of human cells is achieved by isolating the patient's bone marrow cells, infecting them with genetically engineered viruses, and injecting them back into the patient's bone marrow.
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The question is incomplete; the complete question is below.
In the form of gene therapy used successfully for severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome, SCID-X1, how is the genetic engineering of human cells achieved?
A)by injecting engineered viruses into the patient's bloodstream
B)by injecting engineered viruses into the patient's bone marrow
C)by treating a relative's cultured bone marrow cells with genetically engineered viruses and then injecting these cells into the patient's bone marrow
D)by isolating the patient's bone marrow cells, infecting them with genetically engineered viruses, and injecting them back into the patient's bone marrow
Which of the following represents a similarity between RNA and DNA?
One of the most significant similarities between DNA and RNA is that both DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides. Thus the correct answer is option (A).
Because the two DNA strands are made up of simpler monomeric units termed nucleotides, they are referred to as polynucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and one of the four nitrogen-containing nucleobases (cytosine [C], guanine [G], adenine [A], or thymine [T]). An alternating sugar-phosphate backbone is created when the nucleotides are linked together in a chain by covalent connections between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next. The nitrogenous bases of the two distinct polynucleotide strands form hydrogen bonds with one another in accordance with the base pairing principles to create double-stranded DNA (A with T and C with G).
The complete question is:
Which of the following represents a similarity between RNA and DNA? A) nucleotides consisting of a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base
B) the presence of uracil
C) Both are found exclusively in the nucleus.
D) Paths are double-stranded.
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Which of these accurately describes a difference between cancer cells and normal cells?A. Cancer cells divide less frequently.B. Cancer cells lack the ordered arrangement of normal cells.C. Cancer cells have a consistent size and shape.D. Cancer cell nuclei are always small and rounded in shape.
Option B is the correct Answer. Cancer cells lack the ordered arrangement of normal cells.
Cancer: It is a disease in which the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body, and it is made up of trillions of cells.
Cancer grows in the absence of signals telling them to grow, and also ignores signals that normally tell cells to stop dividing or to die.Cancer can invade nearby areas and spread to other areas of the body. It also tells blood vessels to grow toward tumors, and hide from the immune system.Normal cells only grow when they receive such signals, And also stop growing when they encounter other cells, and most normal cells do not move around the body.To know more about Cancer cells and Normal Cells:
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Joann repeatedly overfed the fish in the pond behind her house. The nitrates from the excess food contributed to an overgrowth of algae. To correct the problem, Joann added more plants to the pond. How will adding more plants help?
By adding more plants to the pond, Joann increased the rate of consumption of the excess nitrates. It would also replenish the dissolved oxygen in the water.
Fish food is rich in nitrates and phosphates. So by overfeeding, Joann increased the concentration of the nitrates and phosphates in the pond water, making it ideal for algal overgrowth.
Algae uses these nitrates and phosphates to break down the organic substances in the pond water consuming more and more dissolved oxygen. The amount of oxygen that is dissolved in the water, or the amount of oxygen that is available to living aquatic organisms, is measured by the term "dissolved oxygen" (DO).
This might suffocate the fish by creating oxygen scarcity, which would lead to their death.
Hence by adding more plants, Joann can ensure the excess nitrates added would be consumed by the new plant, limiting the nutritional supply of the algae.
Also, the potential threat of dissolved oxygen scarcity would be eliminated as the new plants would add to the dissolved oxygen content of the pond.
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the cambrian explosion occurred 541 million years ago. this event resulted in an increase in _____.
a. diversity of multicellular organisms
b. geological activity
c. none choice
d. diversity of algae
Over 541 million years ago, there was a Cambrian boom. The variety of multicellular organisms increased as a result of this occurrence.
An entity with more than one cell is referred to be multicellular organisms as opposed to unicellular. With the exception of slime molds and social amoebae like those in the genus Cambrian, which are both partially unicellular and partially multicellular organisms , all animals, land plants, and the majority of fungi as well as many algae are multicellular. Cell division and Cambrian the aggregation of several single cells are two of the many processes that can lead to the formation of multicellular organisms . When several identical individuals get together to form a colony, a colonial organism is created. However, it can frequently be challenging to tell true multicellular organisms from from Cambrian protists.
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A field in New York State is mowed all summer long for a number of years. The field is
sold, and the new owner decides to stop mowing. Over a number of years, the ecosystem
begins to undergo ecological succession. After a series of different plant communities are
present, the area eventually becomes a stable forest ecosystem.
Describe how this forest ecosystem would respond to a natural disaster,
such as a flood, that resulted in the destruction of the plant community.
2pt
_______ are also known as the pressure reservoir of the cardiovascular system.
A) Veins
B) Venules
C) Capillaries
D) Arterioles
E) Arteries
Arteries are the blood vessels that are known as the pressure reservoir of the cardiovascular system.
Arteries are the type of blood vessels. These are responsible for carrying blood away from the heart. They usually transport the oxygenated blood to the whole body except when they transport to the lungs. Arteries involved in transport to the lungs carry deoxygenated blood.
Cardiovascular system is also called the circulatory system of the body. It is involved in the circulation of blood and various other substances through the blood. The organs involved in cardiovascular system are: heart, blood and the different blood vessels.
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Where did the scientists who contributed to our scientific knowledge live?
Which of the following is not a hotspot of biodiversity?AIndo-BurmaBHimalayaCGangetic plainDWestern Ghats and Sri Lanka
Gangetic plain is not a hotspot of biodiversity. A biogeographic area known as a biodiversity hotspot has a high concentration of species that are threatened by human habitation.
In two writings that were published in The Environmentalist in 1988 and 1990, Norman Myers initially introduced the idea. Myers and others developed the idea after giving it a lot of thought, and in 2000 they both published "Hotspots: Earth's biodiversity Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions" and a research in the journal Nature.
According to Myers' hotspot map from 2000, a location must have at least 1,500 indigenous vascular plant species (more than 0.5% of the world's total) and have lost at least 70% of its original primary vegetation in order to be classified as a biodiversity hotspot.
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classify the phrases as pertaining to fatty acid synthesis or fatty acid oxidation.
fatty acid oxidation: acetyl CoA is a product, takes place in the mitochondria, intermediates linked to coenzyme A, uses FAD and NAD+.
The majority of the chemical energy required to drive a cell's metabolic operations is produced by membrane-bound cell organelles called mitochondria (plural: mitochondrion). Adenosine triphosphate is a little molecule that stores the chemical energy generated by the mitochondria (ATP). Sugar is thought to be bad for our teeth and our waistlines, but it's also the enemy of our mitochondria and a major factor in many metabolic health problems. Extra sugar consumption stresses the mitochondria, forcing them to release free radicals. Oxidative damage is what this is.
classify the phrases as pertaining to fatty acid synthesis or fatty acid oxidation?
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why hepatitis a virus can survive on countertops, cutting boards, resists common house-hold chlorine bleach?
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a virus that is found in the stool or urine of infected people. It is an infectious virus that can cause liver disease. HAV is highly contagious and can spread easily from person to person through contact with contaminated surfaces or objects.
It can survive on countertops, cutting boards, and other surfaces for long periods of time, and is resistant to common house-hold chlorine bleach.The reason that HAV can survive on countertops, cutting boards, and other surfaces is due to its hardy nature. HAV is an enveloped virus, meaning it has an outer membrane that provides protection from environmental conditions.
This membrane allows the virus to survive on surfaces for several weeks, despite the presence of detergents, soaps, and other disinfectants. Furthermore, HAV is resistant to chlorine bleach, which is commonly used for disinfecting surfaces. Chlorine bleach is effective at killing other types of germs, but it does not work as well on HAV.
It is important to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands before and after preparing food and using separate cutting boards for raw and cooked food, in order to help prevent the spread of HAV. It is also important to clean and disinfect surfaces that may have been contaminated with HAV, using an EPA-registered disinfectant.
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enzyme complexes that break down protein are called .enzyme complexes that break down protein are called .lipasesubiquitinsamylaseproteasomesnucleases
Proteasomes are enzyme complexes that digest protein.
proteasomes , a chemical process that breaks down undesired or damaged proteins, is carried out by protein complexes called proteasomes. An enzyme class that helps with these procedures is the protease family. Proteasomes are found in all eukaryotes, archaea, and some types of bacteria. The proteasome's primary job is to break down unwanted or damaged proteins through the process of proteolysis, which is a peptide bond-breaking chemical reaction. Proteins and peptides can be broken down by the enzyme protease. A core particle and regulatory cap make up the comparatively bigger molecule known as the proteasome. Proteases have a catalytic domain and are often smaller.
correct question format is:
Enzyme complexes that break down protein are called _____.
Enzyme complexes that break down protein are called _____.
options:
lipases
ubiquitins
amylase
proteasomes
nucleases
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In eukaryotic cells, a __________ by a __________ targets a growing peptide to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Answer:
Signal Peptide, Signal Recognition Particle (SRP)
Explanation:
In eukaryotic cells, a signal peptide is a brief sequence of amino acids found at the beginning of a developing peptide. Its major function is to direct the peptide to its correct intracellular destination. The signal peptide is detected by the signal recognition particle, a protein complex (SRP). The SRP attaches to the signal peptide to facilitate its transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
An RNA molecule and a protein component constitute the SRP. The protein subunit binds to the signal peptide, whereas the RNA molecule binds to an ER membrane receptor. This enables the SRP to direct the expanding peptide to its proper location. The SRP then allows the peptide to enter the ER by releasing it.
Once inside the ER, sugar molecules are added to the peptide to modify it. These sugar molecules facilitate the correct folding of the peptide, allowing it to operate properly. Following modification, the peptide is delivered to its eventual destination, such as the Golgi apparatus or plasma membrane.
In eukaryotic cells, the signal peptide and SRP are key components of protein transport. They ensure that the developing peptide is properly directed to the endoplasmic reticulum and eventually to its ultimate destination. Without the signal peptide and SRP, proteins cannot move themselves throughout the cell.
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fsh in females circulates to the ____________ where it induces folliculogenesis.
FSH in females circulates to the ovaries where it induces folliculogenesis.
FSH refers to follicle stimulating hormone. It is a female hormone secreted by pituitary gland which plays crucial role in maintaining the menstrual cycle in women. When the eggs are to be released from the ovary, its level of secretion rises, which helps in normal ovulation process. Follicles are the fluid filled sac like structures present inside the ovaries which contains immature/ developing eggs. Folliculogenesis is the process of production of follicle which later develops to form fertilizable egg. It is an important part of fertilization cycle. FSH and LH play crucial role in controlling the process of folliculogenesis. It simply signifies cell proliferation and cell differentiation.
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the hypothalamus secretes ____________ , resulting in secretion of fsh and lh from the pituitary gland.
Answer:
gonadotropin releasing hormone
Absence of bicoid mrna from a drosophila egg leads to the absence of anterior larval body parts and mirror-image duplication of posterior parts. this is evidence that the product of the bicoid gene?
Absence of bicoid mrna from a drosophila egg leads to the absence of anterior larval body parts and mirror-image duplication of posterior parts. normally leads to formation of head structures, this is evidence that the product of the bicoid gene
Anterior-posterior axis formation in the embryonic stage of Drosophila development is carried out by a protein that is produced by the bicoid gene.
The bicoid protein is found at the anterior end of the drosophila egg, where it represses the expression of mRNAs that are translated at the posterior end and aids in the expression of only anterior genes. As a result, the anterior end of the egg plays a crucial role in the formation of anterior structures, including the head of the fruit fly.
Since the loss of anterior larval body parts happens in the absence of bicoid mRNA, it follows that bicoid must be defining the head structures from the supplied question.
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complete question is :
Absence of bicoid mRNA from a Drosophila egg leads to the absence of anterior larval body parts and mirror-image duplication of posterior parts. This is evidence that the product of the bicoid gene
(A) normally leads to formation of head structures.
(B) normally leads to formation of tail structures.
(C) is transcribed in the early embryo.
(D) is a protein present in all head structures.
Pedigree project for biology family tree read attached for info!
Answer:
hey
Explanation:
which genetics professional has the defined responsibility for overseeing the work in a cytogenetic laboratory?
Clinical laboratory geneticist professional has the defined responsibility for overseeing the work in a cytogenetic laboratory. Genetics is the study of genes and heredity, or how various DNA sequences can result in a child inheriting a particular trait or set of traits from one or both parents.
An individual gene is a piece of DNA that contains the instructions needed to put together one or more molecules that support biological function. The specialist clinical labs that conduct examinations for inherited and acquired genetic illnesses are managed by clinical laboratory geneticists. They are certified in clinical biochemical genetics, laboratory genetics and genomics (LGG), or both. A clinical geneticist is a doctor who specializes in treating persons with genetic disorders and their families. They work alongside genetic counselors to help patients, families, and medical professionals manage inherited illnesses.
The complete question is:
Which genetics professional has the defined responsibility for overseeing the work in a cytogenetic laboratory?
A. Clinical laboratory geneticist
B. Genetic laboratory technician
C. Cytogenetics technician
D. Medical geneticist
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which pathophysiological abnormality is present in cystic fibrosis dysfunction of sweat glands inactivity of respiratory tract cilia
The transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, which serves as a transmembrane cAMP-activated chloride channel, is encoded by a gene on chromosome 7 and is the hereditary cause of CF.
Cystic fibrosis: What is it?Cystic fibrosis is a recessive disease In order to have CF, a person needs a mutation in both the copies of the CFTR gene. A person is a CF carrier rather than a person with CF if they have a mutation in just one copy of the CFTR gene and the other copy is normal.
A genetic disorder, cystic fibrosis. It is brought on by a gene defect that interferes with how salt and water enter and exit cells.
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The theory of evolution by natural selection means that what is changing over time?
ANSWER:
When any specific species undergoes natural selection, they are essentially slowly adapting to their environment. Giraffes, for example, have very long necks so that they can easily reach the leaves of a tree. In the past, giraffes may not have had long necks, but since their environment has changed since then, they have adapted.
Hope this helps!
FILL IN THE BLANK. __________ fats or lipids form animal body fat that is used for stored energy and insulation.
Answer:
Saturated
Explanation:
Saturated fats or lipids form animal body fat that is used for stored energy and insulation.
what is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction? group of answer choices it stores ca2 ions for release during contraction. it surrounds and protects the muscle filaments. it provides sites of atp synthesis. it depolarizes when stimulated by an impulse. it synthesizes actin and myosin filaments.
Answer:
I believe it's a.it stores Ca++ ions for release during contraction
Can somebody help me please?
Possible blood offspring
BO - Type BAB - Type ABAO - Type Aafter the effector cell has been stimulated by acetylcholine (ach), what enzyme stops this stimulation and allows the effector membrane to repolarize?
The effector membrane is able to repolarize because the acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibits this stimulation.
What is an easy way to define enzyme?A natural catalyst called called enzyme is usually always a protein. It stimulates one certain chemical process in the cell. The enzyme is continuously employed during process while not being destroyed.
What materials make up enzymes?Proteins called enzymes are made up of amino acids connected by one or maybe more polypeptide chains. The underlying basis of a polypeptide chain refers to this organization of amino acids. This in turn dictates the enzyme's three-dimensional structure, including the active site's shape.
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The complete question is-
After the effector cell has been stimulated by acetylcholine (ACh), what enzyme stops this stimulation and allows the effector membrane to repolarize?
A) Decarboxylase
B) Norepinephrine
C) Acetylcholinesterase
D) Catecholamine
how are coecervates similar to living organisms
Answer: Coacervates are similar to living organisms as they are capable of absorbing nutrition and also can grow under proper living conditions.
Explanation: Coacervates are regarded as the foundation of early life in Oparine Haldane theory's (abiogenesis) view. In order to manufacture organic compounds from an ocean of food, scientists think that they developed chemically.
They consist of a grouping of colloidal droplets held together by hydrophobic force.
Both live cells and non-living cells share certain commonalities with them. In a suitable physical and chemical environment, they can develop and absorb nutrients. Although they are incapable of reproduction, coacervates can maintain homeostasis just like living cells. A live organism's ability to reproduce is one of its most crucial characteristics. Therefore, we are unable to classify them as living entities.
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a codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that specifies a particular amino acid. where do codons occur?
Codons are units of genomic information made up of three nucleotides (trinucleotides) in DNA or RNA that code for a specific amino acid or indicate the end of protein production (stop signals).
How is a nucleotide formed?A carbohydrate residue that is joined by a -D-glycosidic bond to a heterocyclic base and a phosphate molecule at C-5' (compounds with the -oh group at C-3' are also known) forms a nucleotide. Nucleosides are the chemicals produced when the phosphate group is taken out of nucleotides.
Is DNA a nucleotide or a protein?DNA, however, is not a molecule. Long strands of nucleotides make up DNA. Three parts—a phosphate group, a simple sugar, and a four nitrogenous up each nucleotide molecule. The options for the nitrogenous base are cytosine, guanine, pyrimidines, or adenine.
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Which of the following is an example of gene flow?
1. The movement of people on Earth steadily increases and alters the course of human evolution.
2. An earthquake results in the formation of a canyon, splitting a population of toads apart.
3. A fire drastically reduces the size of a white-tailed deer population. The remaining individuals spread out throughout the remaining forest.
4. A small population of grasshoppers gets blown away and isolated during a storm. The gene pool of the new population is different from the original population.
An example of gene flow is the movement of people on Earth steadily increases and alters the course of human evolution. Thus, the correct option is A.
What is Gene flow?
Gene flow is also known as gene migration. It is the transfer of genes or the movement of genetic material from one population of a species to another population.
Migration of human beings from one geographical region to another leads to people of one race making relationships with the people of another race. A European person migrating to North America, and then getting married to a North American and then giving birth to an offspring which exhibits the traits of both a European and a North American is an example of gene flow.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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because the spinal nerves arise from fusion of the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal cord, and contain both motor and sensory fibers, all spinal nerves are considered mixed nerves. group of answer choices true false
It is True that because the spinal nerves arise from the fusion of the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal cord, and contain both motor and sensory fibers, all spinal nerves are considered mixed nerves.
The nerve fibers that give rise to each nerve are referred to as fila radicularia and originate from the spinal cord's posterior (dorsal) and anterior (ventral) roots. Interneuron connections connect the roots. A spinal nerve is made up of the root fibers joining together in the intervertebral foramina.
The nerves that act as both motor and sensory nerves are referred to as mixed nerves. They transform electrical impulses that travel from the brain to the body's muscles. In most cases, the mixed nerves send messages at a speed of 432 kilometers per hour or 120 meters per second.
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what are the functions of aspartate aminotransferase (ast) and alanine aminotransferase (alt), and why does michael have elevated levels of these enzymes?
Aspartate aminotransferase (ast) and alanine aminotransferase (alt) are liver enzymes and shows liver function.
Aspartate aminotransferase is a component of the malate-aspartate shuttle in the heart and is also involved in the production of neurotransmitters and the neuro-glial pathway in the brain, as well as gluconeogenesis in the liver, kidney, and adipose tissue.
The enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is mostly present in liver cells. It is also present in heart and muscle cells in addition to the liver. Alanine is converted by ALT into pyruvate for use in cellular energy production.
The liver, brain, pancreas, heart, kidneys, lungs, and skeletal muscles all contain AST. The liver is the major location of ALT. If your AST levels are excessive, it may indicate damage to tissues other than the liver. You may have a liver if you have high ALT levels.
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some conservation biologists focus on areas where the greatest number of unique species can be protected with the least amount of effort. these areas are called ____
Some conservation biologists concentrate on regions that can be protected for the most rare species with the least amount of work. Wildlife corridors are the name for these locations.
Evaluation of human impacts on biological variety and the development of workable strategies to stop species extinction are the two main objectives of conservation biology (Soulé 1986; Wilson 1992). The goal-oriented science of conservation biology concentrates on ways to preserve and replenish biodiversity, or the variety of life on Earth.
Conservation biology deals with problems where immediate action is essential and failure has serious repercussions, similar to medical research. The classic approach, populist approach, and neoliberal approach are three discursive approaches whose goals conservation management has historically accepted. The connections between conservation and development and their possible interactions are different for each of the three approaches.
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which division of the peripheral nervous system (pns) detects stimuli and carries them to the central nervous system (cns)? question 23 options: sensory motor autonomic sympathetic
The somatic sensory division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) carries stimuli from both general and special senses to the central nervous system (CNS).
The somatosensory system has two main components: a subsystem for detecting mechanical stimuli (light touch, vibration, pressure, skin tension, etc.) and a subsystem for detecting painful stimuli and temperature. It has been constructed.
Somatosensory (“soma” meaning body) senses contact, pain, pressure, temperature and tension on the skin and internal organs. The somatosensory cortex is the area of the brain that receives and processes sensory information from around the body, such as touch, temperature, and pain.
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