The theoretical molar yield of lead (II) chloride will be 9 moles.
Stoichiometric calculationFirst, we need to look at the equation of the reaction:
[tex]Pb^{2+} + 2Cl^- --- > PbCl_2[/tex]
From the equation, the 1 mole of Pb2+ ion requires 2 moles of Cl- ion in order to produce 1 mole of lead (II) chloride.
Thus, with 18 moles Cl- ions, 9 moles of Pb2+ would be needed, instead of 12 moles. Pb2+ is simply in excess while Cl- can be said to be limiting.
Therefore, Cl- will determine how much of lead (II) chloride that will be produced. The ratio is 2 moles of Cl- to 1 mole of lead (II) chloride.
With 18 moles Cl-, 9 moles of lead (II) chloride will, thus, be produced.
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Al(OH)3 + 3HCl= AlCl3 + blank
Complete the equation so that it is a (Double displacement) reaction
Answer:
Al(OH)₃ + 3 HCl ----> AlCl₃ + 3 H₂O
Explanation:
In a double-displacement reaction, the cation of one compound is swapped with the cation of another. The basic structure of these reactions is:
AB + CD ----> AD + CB
In this reaction, the aluminum (Al) of Al(OH₃) is replaced by the hydrogen (H) of HCl, and vice versa.
The first resulting compound is AlCl₃. The chlorine has a subscript of 3 in order to eliminate the +3 charge from the Al cation (+3 + 3(-1) = 0). The second resulting compound is HOH, most commonly written as H₂O. There needs to be a coefficient of 3 in front of H₂O to balance the equation.
The complete balanced equation is:
Al(OH)₃ + 3 HCl ----> AlCl₃ + 3 H₂O
Question 6 of 10
Which of the following molecules contains a polar covalent bond?
OA. 0₂
OB. H₂
OC. N₂
OD. CO
SUBMIT?
Explanation:
Correct option is C)
HCl is most polar due to the high electronegativity of Cl.
Answer:
the answer D
Explanation:
I hope it's helps you
You carefully place lettered candy with the letters facing up in water. Without disturbing the water, you notice the letters float above the candy as the solution process takes place. Discuss why this would happen in terms of soluble, insoluble, miscible, immiscible, and water as the universal solvent. Describe the general conditions under which solids are most soluble in liquids.
Oil-based food coloring used to make the letters, won't dissolve in water. According to some sources, oil-based food coloring is either insoluble or immiscible in water. Because it is present in more solutions, water serves as the universal solvent.
Universal solvent:-A substance that displaces most compounds is known as a universal solvent. Because it dissolves more chemicals than any other solvent, water is known as the universal solvent.
What chemicals lack solvability?Sand, plastic, wood, metal, glass, and cloth are examples of insoluble materials. At standard conditions of pressure and temperature, these compounds never dissolve in water or any other solvent. Other examples of insoluble materials are sugars and inorganic salts.
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In what way would a digital thermometer be preferable to those from a liquid-based thermometer? digital thermometer readings are easier to use when performing calculations. digital thermometer readings can be more readily combined with computer software. digital thermometer are inexpensive. digital thermometer are less prone to fluctuation.
Advantages of Digital thermometer:
Digital thermometer readings can be more readily combined with computer software.
Digital thermometer:
Compared to current clinical thermometers, it represents a step forward. There are now digital thermometers available that can measure temperature accurately without using mercury due to mercury's high toxicity and difficulties in disposing of it when a thermometer breaks.
Digital thermometers measure body temperature using heat sensors. They can be utilized to measure body temperatures in the mouth, rectum, or armpit.
Advantage: They are affordable, simple to read, lightweight, portable and need minimal upkeep, and provide precise readings.
Disadvantage: Eventually, the battery powering them runs out, and they are readily broken if dropped.
Liquid-based thermometer:
It is the most basic and widely used type of temperature measurement instrument.
Advantage: They are relatively less expensive. In contrast to electrical thermometers, they don't require a power source or batteries to charge.
Disadvantage: They are fragile, only suitable for manual reading applications, and cannot be automated or digitized. A glass thermometer's liquid components could be hazardous or harmful to your health since they could leak chemicals. Liquid-in-glass thermometer readings require excellent vision.
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Sodium chloride is composed of molecules that are stable when dry. In water, the atoms of the molecules separate from each other. What type of chemical bond holds the dry substance together
The molecules of Sodium chloride holds a chemical bond to become stable when dry is an ionic bond.
What are chemical bonds?The chemical bonds are those which holds the atoms of molecules together and creates a temporary connection between them.
The three major types of chemical bonds are:
Ionic bondsCovalent bondsMetallic bondsWhat are ionic bonds?The ionic bonds generally occurs in between a metal and a nonmetal ions.
The atoms share electrons in between them to become stable, forms ions. Due to electric attraction between these ions forms a bond between them. That bond is called as Ionic bond.
The type of chemical bond in Sodium chloride:Sodium chloride - NaCl
Where Na(sodium) forms Na⁺ ion(metal) by sharing electrons with the chlorine atom and Cl(chlorine) forms Cl⁻ ion(non-metal).
So, due to the attraction between the anion and the cation, a bond is established between them. So, it is called Ionic bond.
Therefore, the chemical bond in Sodium chloride is an Ionic bond.
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please help im literally suffering
3. If the initial pressure of gas inside the balloon was 1.65 atm, what is the new pressure?
4. A weather balloon has a volume of 200.0 L at a pressure of 760 mm Hg. As it rises, the pressure decreases to 282 mm Hg.
a. Will the volume of the balloon increase or decrease? Why?
b. What is the new volume of the balloon? (Assume constant temperature).
5. A sample of gas kept at a constant pressure, is heated from 273 K to 373 K. If the initial volume is 3.00 L, what is the new volume?
6. A container of gas is heated from 250 K to 303 K. What is the new pressure if the initial pressure is 880 kPa? (Assume constant volume)
A 0.100 mole sample of gas is at a temperature of 85.0°C and a volume of 3.47 L. What is the pressure of the gas (in mm Hg)
The answers are as follows;
3 - 4.95 atm
4 - 539 L
5 - 4 L
What are the gas laws?The gas laws are used to establish the relationship between the pressure, volume, number of moles etc of a gas.
3.
V1 = 1.50 L
V2 = 0.50 L
P1 = 1.65 atm
P2 = ?
P1V1 = P2V2
P2 = P1V1 /V2
P2 = (1.50)(1.65) / (0.50)
P2 = 4.95 atm
4.
P1V1 = P2V2
P1 = 760 mm Hg
V1 = 200.0 L
P2 = 282 mm Hg
V2 = ?
V2 = P1V1/P2
V2 = 760 mm Hg * 200.0 L/282 mm Hg
V2 = 539 L
The volume of the gas increases because the pressure decreases.
5.
Using
V1/T1 = V2/T2
V1T2 =V2T1
V2 = V1T2/T1
V2 = 3.00 L * 373 K/ 273 K
V2 = 4 L
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which natural method removes CO2 from the atmosphere
Answer:
carbon dioxide
Explanation:
it is used in photosynthesis
A flask of nitrogen is collected over water at a total pressure 740.0 mmHg. If the partial pressure of the water vapor is 20.0 mmHg, what is the pressure exerted by the nitrogen
The pressure exerted by the nitrogen is 718 mmHg.
The oxygen, which is collected over water, will be mixed with water vapor.
This means that the total pressure of the mixture will have two components
the partial pressure of oxygenand the vapor pressure of water at 20.0∘CThe vapor pressure of water at that temperature is approximately 17mmHg.
P total = P oxygen + P water
P oxygen = 735 mmHg − 17mmHg
P oxygen = 718 mmHg
Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is described as the strain exerted by way of a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed levels at a given temperature in a closed gadget. The equilibrium vapor stress is an indication of a liquid's evaporation price.
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X, Y & Z represents 2, 12 & 17 relatively a. Write the electronic configuration of x, y, and z b. Place the elements in the appropriate group and period of the periodic table. c. X, Y & Z represents 2, 12 & 17 relatively
The electronic configuration of x, y, and z.
[tex]x=1s^2[/tex]
[tex]Y= 1s^22s^22p^63s^2[/tex]
[tex]Z= 1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^5[/tex]
What is an electronic configuration?Electronic configuration, also called electronic structure, is the arrangement of electrons in energy levels around an atomic nucleus.
a.
[tex]x=1s^2[/tex]
[tex]Y= 1s^22s^22p^63s^2[/tex]
[tex]Z= 1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^5[/tex]
b.
x= Period 1 and group18
Y=Element is in period 3 and Group 2
Z=Element is in period 3 and group 17.
c.
X, Y & Z represents Helium, magnesium, and chlorine.
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Calculate the average atomic weight of Fe if abundance of isotopes 54Fe, 56Fe and 57Fe are 5%, 90%, 5% respectively.
Answer:
here is the answer
tell me is it helpful
Pls help ill mark you brainlist asap pls
Answer:
Add Copper(II) oxide, CuO, to an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl, to produce the salt copper chloride, CuCl2. To obtain a pure, dry sample of the salt, remove excess, undissolved CuO through filtration. Then heat the system to evaporate water, leaving behind pure Copper(II) Oxide.
Forms of a given element that have a different number of neutrons are called cosmic rays. True False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Forms of a given element that have a different number of neutrons are called isotopes.
Why does solid substance occur less space than the same in it's gaseous form?
Because the molecules are more closely spaced, the solid occupies less space than the same substance when it is in a gaseous state.
The balanced net ionic equation for the reaction, if any, that occurs when aqueous solutions of Na2CO3 and CaCl2 are mixed is __________.
The balanced net ionic equation for the reaction, that occurs when aqueous solutions of Na₂CO₃ and CaCl₂ are mixed is Na₂CO₃ (aq) + CaCl₂ (aq) → CaCO₃ (s) + 2NaCl (aq).
What is Balanced Chemical Equation ?The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.
The balanced equation for Na₂CO₃ and CaCl₂ is as follows
Na₂CO₃ (aq) + CaCl₂ (aq) → CaCO₃ (s) + 2NaCl (aq)
When two aqueous solutions are mixed then a white insoluble solid CaCO₃ will precipitate out of solution. The above reaction is double displacement reaction.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The balanced net ionic equation for the reaction, that occurs when aqueous solutions of Na₂CO₃ and CaCl₂ are mixed is Na₂CO₃ (aq) + CaCl₂ (aq) → CaCO₃ (s) + 2NaCl (aq).
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Please help fast
Matter can undergo chemical reactions and nuclear reactions. Which feature of the components stays the same in chemical reactions but not nuclear reactions?
A. Types of compounds
B. Chemical bonds between atoms
C. Types of atoms
D. Number of compounds
The types of atoms stay the same in chemical reactions but not in nuclear reactions. The correct option is C.
Chemical reactions vs nuclear reactionsIn chemical reactions, atoms remain the same at the end of every reaction. Although the bonds between atoms may change.
In nuclear reactions, atoms fuse with other atoms to form new atoms entirely. This is otherwise known as nuclear fusion.
Another type of nuclear reaction is nuclear fission. A single atom decomposes to form 2 or more different atoms entirely.
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Answer:
C) types of atoms
Explanation:
i just took the test
How many grams of nitrogen are contained in a sample of C4H9N302 that also
contains 9.42 x 1024 hydrogen atoms?
Empirical formula = mol ratio
mol H = 9.42 x 10²⁴ : 6.02 x 10²³ = 15.648
mol N = 3/9 x 15.648 = 5.216
mass N = 5.216 x 14 g/mol =73.024 g
What is the density, in g/L, of methanol vapor at 400 K and 1.15 atm. The molar mass of methanol is 32.0 g/mol.
Taking into account the ideal gas law, the density of methanol vapor is 1.1219 [tex]\frac{g}{L}[/tex].
Ideal gas lawIdeal gases are a simplification of real gases that is done to study them more easily. It is considered to be formed by point particles, do not interact with each other and move randomly. It is also considered that the molecules of an ideal gas, in themselves, do not occupy any volume.
An ideal gas is characterized by three state variables: absolute pressure (P), volume (V), and absolute temperature (T). The relationship between them constitutes the ideal gas law:
P×V = n×R×T
where
P is the gas pressure.V is the volume that occupies.T is its temperature.R is the ideal gas constant. The universal constant of ideal gases R has the same value for all gaseous substances.n is the number of moles of the gas.Density of methanolNow, taking into account this law, you get:
[tex]\frac{n}{V} =\frac{P}{RXT}[/tex]
The units are moles/L. So, in order to calculate the density, it is necessary to take into account the molar mass, in order to calculate the density as follows:
[tex]density =\frac{P}{RXT}xmolar mass[/tex]
Then, in this case, you know:
P= 1.15 atmT= 400 KR= 0.082 [tex]\frac{atmL}{molK}[/tex]molar mass= 32[tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]Replacing in the previous expression:
[tex]density =\frac{1.15 atm}{0.082\frac{atmL}{molK} X400 K}x32 \frac{g}{mol}[/tex]
Solving:
density= 1.1219 [tex]\frac{g}{L}[/tex]
Finally, the density of methanol vapor is 1.1219 [tex]\frac{g}{L}[/tex].
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A heat engine has a temperature of 1800 k. some of the heat from the engine flows to the surroundings, which are at a temperature of 160 k. what is the approximate efficiency of the engine? 16% 91% 103% 109%
The efficiency of the engine is 91%.
The efficiency of the engine signifies how much heat is used and converted successfully into usable heat. It is fact that no engine can be 100% efficient because heat loss takes place in different ways during the process.
The efficiency of the engine is calculated by the formula:
Efficiency = Output heat/Input heat x 100
The temperature of heat engine is 1800 K. The temperature of the surrounding is 160 K.
Substitute the values in the above formula.
Efficiency = (1800 - 160)/1800 x 100
= 91%
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Answer:
91%
Explanation:
got it right on edge 23
What does percent composition tell you about a molecule?
®
A. It tells
you the ratio of elements in the molecular formula.
•
B. It gives you the total number of atoms in the molecule.
•
C. It tells you how much of a molecule IS made up of each element.
•
D. It tells
you how the elements are arranged in the molecule.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Answer:
The awnser is C: it tells you how much of a molecule IS up of each element.
Please provide thorough explanation
Possible products in this reaction are the products 2 and 3.
What is the Friedel Crafts reaction?The Friedel Crafts reaction is one in which the electrophile is created by a Lewis acid reaction between the AlCl3 and the alkylhalide reactant .
Now we know that there is the possibility of two products in this reaction due to a resonance shift as such possible products in this reaction are the products 2 and 3.
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How will the reaction rate of the SN1 reaction change if the electrophile is switched from the tertiary electrophile to a secondary electrophile in which the methyl group is removed from the alpha carbon
The reaction rate of the SN1 reaction change if the electrophile is switched from the tertiary electrophile to a secondary electrophile will decrease.
SN1 exhibits substitution, nucleophilicity, and monomolecular reaction, and is expressed by the expression rate = k [R-LG]. This means that the rate-determining step of the mechanism depends on the degradation of a single molecular species. Multi-step reactions include intermediates and multiple transition states (TS).
The SN1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the nucleophile replaces the leaving group (similar to SN2). However, the SN1 reaction is a single molecule. The rate of this reaction depends on the concentration of only one reactant.
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I just need the answers I’ve been procrastinating for hours
Answer:
I am sorry
Explanation:
3 Cu + 8HNO3 --> 3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 NO + 4 H2O
In the above equation how many moles of water can be made when 9 moles of HNO3 are consumed?
Answer:
5 moles
Explanation:
From the coefficients of the equation, we know that for every 8 moles of nitric acid consumed, 4 moles of water are produced.
So, the answer is 9(4/8), which is 5 moles to 1 sf.
Diethyl ether (C4H10O), the "ether" used medically as an anesthetic, is prepared commercially by treatment of ethyl alcohol (C2H6O) with an acid.
Part A
How many grams of diethyl ether would you obtain from 41.8 g of ethyl alcohol if the percent yield of the reaction is 76.6 % ?
25.54 g of diethyl ether would you obtain from 41.8 g of ethyl alcohol if the per cent yield of the reaction is 76.6 %.
What are moles?A mole is defined as 6.02214076 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex]of some chemical unit, be it atoms, molecules, ions, or others. The mole is a convenient unit to use because of the great number of atoms, molecules, or others in any substance.
Step 1: Write the balanced equation
2 CH₃CH₂OH ⇒ CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ + H₂O
Step 2: Calculate the moles corresponding to 41.8 g of CH₃CH₂OH
The molar mass of CH₃CH₂OH is 46.07 g/mol.
41.8 g × 1 mol ÷ 46.07 g = 0.90.
Step 3: Calculate the theoretical moles of CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ produced
The molar ratio of CH₃CH₂OH to CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ is 2:1. The moles of CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ theoretically produced are 1/2 × 0.90 mol = 0.45
Step 4: Calculate the real moles of CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ produced
The percent yield of the reaction is 85%.
0.45 mol × 76.6% = 0.3447 mol
Step 5: Calculate the mass corresponding to 0.3447 moles of CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃
The molar mass of CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ is 74.12 g/mol.
34.47 mol × 74.12 g/mol = 25.549164 g
Hence, 25.54 g of diethyl ether would you obtain from 41.8 g of ethyl alcohol if the per cent yield of the reaction is 76.6 %.
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A sample of tin (Cp = 0.227 J/g•°C) is placed in a freezer. Its temperature decreases from 15.0°C to –10.0°C as it releases 543 J of energy. What is the mass of the sample? Round your answer to three significant figures.
The mass of a sample of tin whose temperature decreases from 15.0°C to –10.0°C as it releases 543 J of energy is 478.4g.
How to calculate mass?The mass of a substance that underwent release of energy can be calculated using the following formula:
Q = mc∆T
Where;
Q = quantity of heat absorbed or releasedm = massc = specific heat capacity∆T = change in temperature543 = m × 0.227 × 5
543 = 1.135m
m = 543/1.135
m = 478.4g
Therefore, the mass of a sample of tin whose temperature decreases from 15.0°C to –10.0°C as it releases 543 J of energy is 478.4g.
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How many grams of oxygen are needed to react with 56.8 grams of ammonia?
The amount of oxygen needed would be 80.19 grams
Stoichiometric problemsFrom the equation of the reaction:
[tex]4NH_3 +3 O_2 --- > 2N_2 + 6H_2O[/tex]
The mole ratio of oxygen and ammonia is 3:4
Mole of 56.8g ammonia = 56.8/17 = 3.34 moles
Equivalent mole of oxygen = 3/4 x 3.34 = 2.5059 moles
Mass of 2.5059 moles oxygen = 2.5059 x 32 = 80.19 grams
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a satellite with a mass of 100kg fires it’s engines to increase velocity, thereby increasing the size of its orbit around the earth. as a result it moves from a circular orbit if radius 7.5x10^6 m to an orbit of radius 7.7x10^6 m. what is the approximate change in gravitational force from the earth as a result of this change in the satellites orbit?
The approximate change in gravitational force from Earth as a result of the change in radius of the satellite's orbit is -95.07N
What is the universal law of gravitation?The universal law of gravitation states that the particle of matter in the universe attracts another particle with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
It is written thus;
F = G [tex]M_1M_2[/tex]÷ [tex]r^2[/tex]
Where
F = Gravitational force
G = Gravitational constant
[tex]M_1[/tex] and [tex]M_2[/tex] are the masses of the object
r = radius
How to calculate the gravitational force
Formula:
F = G [tex]M_1M_2[/tex]÷ [tex]r^2[/tex]
Given [tex]M_1[/tex] = 100kg
[tex]M_2[/tex] = 5.97 x[tex]10^{24}[/tex] kg
r = 7.5 x [tex]10^6[/tex] m
G = 6.67 x [tex]10^{-11}[/tex] N-m²/kg²
For the first orbit, substitute the values
F = 6.67 x [tex]10^{-11}[/tex]× 150 × 5.97 x [tex]10^{24}[/tex] ÷ (7.5 x[tex]10^6[/tex])[tex]^2[/tex]
F = 5.95 × [tex]10^{16}[/tex] ÷ 56.25 × [tex]10^{12}[/tex]= 105.77 N
For the second orbit of radius 7.7 x 10^6 m
F = 6.67 x [tex]10^{-11}[/tex] × 100 × 5.97 x [tex]10^{24}[/tex] ÷ (7.7 x [tex]10^6[/tex])2
F = 5.95 × [tex]10^{16}[/tex]÷ 59.25 × [tex]10^{12}[/tex] = 200. 84 N
The approximate change = 105. 77 - 200. 84 = -95.07N
Hence, the approximate change in gravitational force from Earth as a result of the change in radius of the satellite's orbit is -95.07N
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Example A:
Julio was given the task to produce 59 grams of iron(III) oxide, . They had one tank of oxygen gas, and 54 grams of solid iron, . They knew that if he heated the iron in the presence of the oxygen gas, they could produce the iron(III) oxide. Since they had such little amount of iron, they decided to use as little of the iron as they could to produce the 59 grams of iron(III) oxide. Julio measured out 41 grams of iron and heated it with excess oxygen. Assume Julio's reaction went 100%. Julio was very happy that their reaction produced the 59 grams.
Example B:
Gretchen was given the task to produce 19 grams of aluminum fluoride, . They had a tank of fluorine gas, , and 7 grams of solid aluminum, . They knew that if they heated the aluminum in the presence of excess fluorine gas, they could produce the aluminum fluoride. Since Gretchen had such little amount of aluminum, they decided to use as little of aluminum as they could to produce the 19 grams of aluminum fluoride. Gretchen measured out 5 grams of aluminum and heated it with excess fluorine gas. Assume Gretchen's reaction went 100%. Gretchen was very happy their reaction produced the 19 grams.
Question #1: Which scientist did the experiment incorrectly? (1 pt)
Question #2: Explain what the scientist did incorrectly. Be sure to include the balanced equation for each scientist. Show the stoichiometry and explain in complete sentences why one experiment is wrong and the other is not. (4 pts)
Question #3: Explain specifically what the scientist should do to make the experiment correct (use numbers to support your answer). Also, include the stoichiometry to show how the scientist can make the experiment correct. (3 pts)
As Scientist B did the experiment incorrectly tht is Gretchen measured out 5 grams of aluminum and heated it with excess fluorine gas.
What is the stoichiometry in chemistry?Chemical Stoichiometry refers back to the quantitative look at of the reactants and merchandise concerned in a chemical reaction. The word “ stoichiometry” is derived from the Greek word “stoikhein” which means detail and “metron” which means measure.
As scientists used the insufficient amount of Al due to which weight of Al2O3 is not found ane caused the high error.It includes stoichiometry to show how the scientist can make the experiment correct by the production of 19 g of ALF3 which is 26.98 x 19 / 83.98 g of Al.so the mass is 610 g of Al that would be the correct amount.Read more about stoichiometry :
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What mass of AI2O3 forms from 16 g O2 and excess AI?
Answer:
2Al+1.5O2→Al2O3
Thus, 2 mol of Al combine with 1.5 mol of oxygen to form 1 mol of Al2O3.
2 mol of Al corresponds to 2×27=54 g.
Thus, the weight of Al used in the reaction is 54 g.
Calculate the values of ΔU, ΔH, and ΔS for the following process:
1 mole of liquid water at 25 C and 1 atm ➡️ 1 mole of steam at 100 C and 1 atm
The molar heat of vaporization of water at 373 K is 40.79 kJ mol-1, and molar heat capacity of water is 75.3 J K-1 mol-1. Assume molar heat capacity to be temperature independent and ideal-gas behavior.
The values of the changes are
ΔH = 46.44kJ
Δu = 43.34Kj
ΔS = 126.6 J/K
How to find change in H= 1 mol + 75.3 (100 + 273) - 25 + 273 + 1 * 40.79
= 5.6475 + 40.79
= 46.44kJ
How to find change in S
1 mol + 75.3 x ln 373/298 + 1 mol x 40.79
= 0.1263
ΔS = 126.6 J/K
How to find the change in U46.44 - 0.00831 * 373
= 43.34Kj
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