In 24 hours, kidneys filter approximately 150-180 liters of blood plasma through their glomeruli into the tubules.
How do kidneys work?Each of your kidneys is made up of about a million filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron includes a filter (glomerulus) and a tubule.The glomerulus filters your blood and the tubule returns needed substances to your blood and removes wastes.Blood flows into your kidney through the renal artery which branches into small blood vessels which enter the nephron.In nephron, blood is filtered by the tiny blood vessels of the glomeruli and then flows out of your kidney through the renal vein.Blood circulates through your kidneys many times a day. In a single day, your kidneys filter about 160 liters of blood. Most of the water and other substances that filter through your glomeruli are returned to your blood by the tubules. Only 1 to 2 liters become urine.Learn more about nephrons here:
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Which operon type(s) use the product produced from the biochemical pathway as a repressor or activator
Both negative repressible and positive repressible operon.
What are negative and positive repressible operon?
A regulatory protein attaches to DNA during the negative control process and prevents transcription. For positive control, the situation is the opposite.
Operons that are negatively repressible require an inducer to bind to them in order to stop transcription.
Regulatory proteins are activators in the presence of positive control. In the case of positive repression, the inducer binds to the protein to change its structure, preventing it from binding to the DNA and allowing transcription to take place.
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2 On a hot day, dogs sweat through their paw pads
and pant, which helps keep them cool. Both the
sweating and panting are
(1) due to a loss of oxygen
(2) a failure of cell communication
(3) due to a lack of adaptation to the environment
(4) a response to a stimulus
Answer:
a response to a stimulus
On a hot day, dogs sweat through their paw pads and pant, which helps keep them cool. Both sweating and panting are a response to a stimulus. So the correct option is (4).
Why does sweating happen?On a hot day, the internal temperature of our body also starts to rise. When this happens, the hypothalamus signals the sweat glands located in all the regions of the skin to produce sweat.
The sweat is then secreted on the surface of our skin. This is mainly composed of water and salt. The high temperature of the surroundings then causes the evaporation of the sweat.
The evaporation of sweat from the surface of the skin leaves the surface of the skin, from where it was evaporated, cooler. Thus sweating is a mechanism to maintain the normal temperature of the body.
The sweat is inherently odourless and the odour is produced by the bacteria on our skin that feed on the sweat.
Hence, on a hot day, the sweating and panting of the dog through their paw pads, which keeps them cool, is a response to a stimulus.
Therefore the correct answer is D
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What process can account for the phenomenon wherein a normal xy male produces a sperm carrying two y chromosomes?.
Answer:
second division nondisjunction
Explanation:
HIV attack of CD4 T cells causes suppression of both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. Group of answer choices True False
HIV's attack on CD4 T cells causes suppression of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. the statement is correct is true
Group of answer choices True How does HIV infect the human body?HIV binds to a component of that cell's membrane, CD4, penetrating its interior to multiply. As a result, the defense system gradually loses the ability to respond properly, making the body more vulnerable to disease.
With this information, we can conclude that CD4 are immune system cells (lymphocytes) and the main target of the HIV virus. The number of CD4 decreases with the evolution of the pathology.
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The best definition for a fossil is:
A. An artifact from an ancient society
B. The remains of an organism that just died
C. The remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago
D. Something very old
abc or d and a simple explanation
pls be 100% sure of your answer
Explain the processes of venous return in the abdomen. do not just list them! why must the veins employ these methods?
Answer:
Venous return (VR) is the flow of blood back to the heart.
Venous return to the right atrium is the most important factor determining cardiac output, provided both ventricles and the pulmonary circulation are normal.
Explanation:
Venous return refers to the flow of blood from the periphery back to the right atrium, and except for periods of a few seconds, it is equal to cardiac output.
Venous return is facilitated by a number of factors, including inspiration, increased total blood volume, increased venomotor tone, the cardiac suction effect, the presence of venous valves and the skeletal muscle pump.
Contraction of the skeletal muscles surrounding veins increases the pressure within the veins, pushing open the proximal valve and forcing blood toward the heart. For example, when calf muscles contract during exercise, blood is forced toward the heart, thus increasing venous return.
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10. Suppose a human blood cell containing a 0.9 percent solute concentration was put into a container of a 30 percent solute solution. Would the blood cell get bigger or smaller?
If the blood cell (hypotonic) is placed inside the 30% solute solution (hypertonic), then the cell will become smaller in the size (shrink) because of the osmotic pressure.
What are hypotonic and hypertonic solutions?Hypotonic solutions have lower solute concentrations compared to the hypertonic solution with a higher solute concentration. The blood cells have a hypotonic environment on their inside as it contains 0.9 % solute concentration.
The outer of the cell has a 30 % solute concentration making it hypertonic and hence the water from the cell will move out into the more concentrated solution making the cell shrink in the size.
Therefore, the blood cell will shrink in hypertonic solution.
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Why can water provide a stable liquid environment within cells when the temperature changes?
Answer:
Water has a very high specific heat capacity. This is because energy is needed to break hydrogen bonds. water resists temperature changes, providing a more stable environment within cells and for aquatic organisms.
An sRNA is isolated from a bacterial cell. What would you do to determine whether it is a cis-encoded or a trans-encoded sequence
The direction of the regulation of gene expression is to identify whether the sRNA isolated from bacterial cell is cis-encoded or trans-encoded.
Small Regulatory RNAs:
These are the small RNA molecules (sRNA) used for the gene expression in prokaryotes. They directly bind to the target mRNA and initiate the regulation of the gene expression.There are two types of small regulatory RNA -cis encoded and trans encoded sRNA.
These both sRNA are regulatory proteins, involved in the post-transcriptional regulation in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes.In cis-encoded sRNA, the regulation of gene expression starts in the opposite direction whereas, in trans-encoded the regulation starts in the same direction from the promoter of the bacterial chromosome.
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If your fingernails grew at the same rate as the Atlantic Ocean is spreading , how long would they be after one year ?
Explanation:
My nails will be 50 cm long as the Atlantic grows 2cm
A dilated vein that returns blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium is the __________.
Describe one method for temporarily storing carbon in the natural cycle.
The one method for temporarily storing carbon in the natural cycle are Most carbon is stored in rocks and sediments, and the rest is stored in the ocean, atmosphere and organisms.
How can I control the carbon cycle?It destroys the carbon cycle by burning fossil fuels and clearing land. When logging, we remove the dense plant growth, or biomass, that stores carbon in trees, stems, and leaves. Logging of forests eliminates plants that absorb carbon froThe the atmosphere as they grow.
These are reservoirs or sinks for carbon to remove carbon dioxide from the air through the process of photosynthesis in order to convert carbon to produce food for plant growth.
Carbon moves from plants to animals. The carbon contained in plants travels through the food chain to the animals that eat them. Animals that eat other animals also get carbon from their food. cycle. The sea is a huge carbon sink that absorbs carbon. Carbon is temporarily stored in soil organic matter because plants can take years (or decades for large trees) to decompose.Read more about carbon :
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Which form of oral contraceptive releases different levels of estrogen and progesterone to mimic the hormonal fluctuations of the natural menstrual cycle
Multiphasic pills form of oral contraceptive releases different levels of estrogen and progesterone to mimic the hormonal fluctuations of the natural menstrual cycle.
What is the purpose of multiphasic pills?The dosages and progestin-to-estrogen ratios during the 21-day cycle are changed using multiphasic tablets.
What is oral contraceptive?a pill that is used to avoid pregnancy. It contains hormones that prevent the ovaries from releasing eggs.
What are the types in oral contraceptives?The combination pillThe progestin-only pillThe continuous use pill.Learn more about oral contraceptive here:
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1. How much confidence would you have in the conclusion of experiment 3 if you found out that the temperature was not controlled? Explain your reasoning.
2. Create your own flow chart to answer a causal question.
I would have a good confidence level if I found out that the temperate was not controlled because in Experiment 3, because the use of temperature was not needed, as only light was needed.
What is an Experiment?This refers to the procedure that is done, usually in a controlled manner to find the results of something.
Hence, we can see that the three experiments were done in order to find out the factors that would lead to an increase in water evaporation, and because in Experiment 3, light is used, and not temperature, I would not be bothered.
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Distinguish between fast and slow twitch fibers. When are they used? Which have more mitochondria?
Fast twitch fibers is used for powerful movement whereas slow twitch fibers are used for long endurance.
What are the difference between fast and slow twitch fibers?The main difference between slow and fast twitch fibers is that the slow twitch fibers are the muscle fibers that are used for long endurance such as distance running while on the other hand, fast twitch fibers are the muscle fibers used for a powerful movements such as sprinting. Slow twitch fibers have have more mitochondria as compared to fast twitch fiber.
So we can conclude that fast twitch fibers is used for powerful movement whereas slow twitch fibers are used for long endurance.
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The answers include:
Slow twitch fiber use energy slowly and fairly evenly while the fast twitch fiber use up energy very quickly.Slow twitch fiber are used for long term actions while fast twitch fiber is used for short term actions.Slow twitch fiber has more mitochondrion.What is Mitochondrion?This is referred to the organelle which is known as the power house of the cells where ATP is produced.
Slow twitch fiber contain more mitochondrion which is why they are fatigue resistant. Fast twitch fiber on the other hand, gets tired quickly due to the lesser number of mitochondrion.
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Which of the following need therapeutic cloning technology?
I. Tissue transplantation
II. Replacing insulin-producing pancreatic cells
III. Generating human organs
A. I and II
B. II and III
C. I and III
D. I, II, and III
All of the following will need therapeutic cloning technology which is why option D was chosen.
What is Therapeutic cloning technology?This is the process which involves creating a cloned embryo to produce embryonic stem cells which has the same DNA as donor cells.
This is used for the treatment of different forms of disease or serious forms of injuries encountered by individuals.
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Beginning with the flow phase, arrange the biochemical processes in the order in which they occur during the menstrual cycle.
FSH and LH stimulate the follicles to develop and the oocyte to produce estrogen.
A breakdown of corpus luteum causes progesterone levels to drop.
A spike in LH causes the follicle to rupture.
The endometrial lining breaks down and low levels of estrogen stimulate the pituitary to release FSH and LH.
Rising estrogen levels suppress FSH production and development of other follicles.
High progesterone levels maintain the endometrial lining of the uterus.
The biochemical processes in the order in which they occur during the menstrual cycle.
FSH and LH stimulate the follicles to develop and the oocyte to produce estrogen.Rising estrogen levels suppress FSH production and the development of other follicles.Elevated levels of progesterone maintain the endometrial lining of the uterus.An LH surge causes the follicle to rupture.The breakdown of the corpus luteum causes progesterone levels to drop.The endometrial lining breaks down and low estrogen levels stimulate the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH.How is the menstrual cycle regulated?The menstrual cycle is regulated by the complex interaction of hormones: luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.
With this information, we can conclude that progesterone is a hormone that is responsible for regulating a woman's menstrual cycle, preparing the uterus to receive the fertilized egg and preventing it from being expelled by the body.
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The ________________ releases hormones directly into the blood and the ________________ receives hormones from the hypothalamus cells which in turn causes the release of more hormones.
The Endocrine glands releases hormones directly into the blood and the Pituitary gland receives hormones from the hypothalamus cells which in turn causes the release of more hormones.
Endocrine glands produces hormones that are immediately released into the blood and travel to all of the body's tissues and organs. Numerous bodily processes, including growth and development, metabolism, and reproduction, are regulated by endocrine glands.The pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands are a few examples of endocrine glands.The pituitary gland is a tiny, pea-sized gland that is situated beneath the hypothalamus at the base of the brain.Released hormones from the hypothalamus, such as CRH, GnRH, and TRH, affect the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland releases gonadotropins (such as LH and FSH) or TSH in response to these stimuli. The adrenal glands are stimulated to release cortisol, which has metabolic effects.learn more about Endocrine glands here: https://brainly.com/question/1401777
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3. A gene has the base sequence that starts with GAC TGA CGA TTA.
a) What would be the complementary DNA strand formed from this DNA?
(ctg acr get aat)
b) What would be the mRNA base sequence formed from this DNA sequence? (3 points)
(I need help on B)
The complementary base sequence is CTG ACT GCT AAT whereas the mRNA is CUG ACU GCU AAU.
What is RNA?The RNA is a complementary nucleic acid sequence of a DNA strand obtained from the process of transcription.
In RNA, Thymine bases are replaced by Uracil bases (other nucleotide bases are equal to DNA sequence).
In conclusion, The complementary base sequence of this gene is CTG ACT GCT AAT and the mRNA encoded from this sequence is CUG ACU GCU AAU.
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A recent study of a model organism found that a specific HMG protein localized mainly to the ends of chromosomes. Given this result, the site of localization for this HMG protein would correspond to regions in humans that:
A recent study of a model organism found that a specific HMG protein localized mainly to the ends of chromosomes. Given this result, the site of localization for this HMG protein would correspond to regions in humans that Contain heterochromatin similar to that of centromeres.
Telomeres are regions at chromosomal ends that are time and again truncated with every round of the cellular department. Centromeresjoin sister chromatids and are required for correct chromosome division for the duration of mitosis.
Notwithstanding their different chromosomal locations, each telomere and centromere are composed of heterochromatin, a tightly condensed complex of DNA wrapped around histones.
Due to its structurally restrictive form, heterochromatin is transcriptionally inactive, which means that proteins liable for regulating gene expression can't get entry into the tightly packed DNA. As an end result, hetechromatic regions are often gene-bad and incorporate repetitive DNA.
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A goiter A. occurs only in the presence of TSH B. occurs only in the presence of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin C. is the nickname of a professional golfer D. may occur with hyper- and hypothyroidism E. refers to a cancerous tumor in the thyroid
Answer:
So what exactly is your question Again sir.
If a group of black true-breeding mice and a group of white true-breeding mice are mated, and the result is all gray offspring, what inheritance pattern would this be indicative of
If a group of black true-breeding mice and a group of white true-breeding mice are mated, and the result is all gray offspring, what inheritance pattern would this be indicative of incomplete dominance.
Incomplete dominance consequences from a move wherein each parental contribution is genetically precise and offer upward thrust to progeny whose phenotype is intermediate.
Incomplete dominance is also known as semi-dominance and partial dominance. Mendel defined dominance however not incomplete dominance.
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Sexual reproduction in plants, animals, fungi, and other organism could not happen without meiosis. The primary reason is:
Sexual reproduction in plants, animals, fungi, and other organism could not happen without meiosis. The primary reason is that the chromosome number will not remain constant after replication.
Chromosome reduction, or meiosis, is the process that enables the generation of haploid germ cells required for sexual reproduction.Meiosis also plays a crucial function in promoting genetic variety and making it easier for recombination to correct genetic flaws.Meiosis creates gametes, which are distinct reproductive cells with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell. The diploid status is restored through fertilization, which involves the fusing of two individuals' haploid gametes. So, haploid and diploid stages alternate in sexually reproducing organisms.Once sexual reproduction has occurred, it will be repeated for countless generations. Without meiosis, an organism won't be able to successfully reproduce sexually.learn more about meiosis here: https://brainly.com/question/15475960
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Nitrogen released from the breakdown of proteins A) is used to synthesize liver glycogen. B) travels in the bloodstream to the lungs, where it is excreted when we exhale. C) triggers acidosis. D) is used in the synthesis of urea, which is excreted by the kidneys in the urine.
Nitrogen released from the breakdown of proteins is used in the synthesis of urea, which is excreted by the kidneys in the urine.
The urea acid cycle transforms the nitrogen waste released during this process into urea, which is then excreted in the urine. Amino acids can be converted into energy during famine and go via the Krebs cycle.Muscle protein is broken down into amino acids while fasting, some of which are partially oxidized to provide energy. These amino acids are split up into alanine and glutamine, which are released into the circulation together with other amino acids. Several tissues, notably the stomach and kidney, oxidize glutamine, converting some of its carbons and nitrogen to alanine. The liver is where alanine and other amino acids are processed into glucose and ketone bodies and nitrogen.learn more about urea here: https://brainly.com/question/14718113
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What happens during crossing over?
1. spindle fibers form and attach to centromeres.
2. Homologous chromosomes trade pieces of DNA.
3, Sister chromatids form tetrads and line up randomly.
4. Tetrads separate and produce two haploid daughter cells.
help pls! The chart below shows the primary energy production methods in two locations.
Location A - burning of fossil fuels
LocationB - geothermal energy
If both the locations produce the same amount of energy, which of these statements best compares the two locations?”
A. Location A has more bodies of water than Location B.
B. Location B has more bodies of water than Location A.
C. Location B uses more nonrenewable resources than Location A
D. Location A uses more nonrenewable resources than Location B.
Location A uses more nonrenewable resources than location B. The correct option is D.
What are nonrenewable resources?They are resources that are consumed at a much faster rate than they can be naturally replaced, if at all.
Nonrenewable resources are different from renewable resources. The latter can be replenished at a much faster pace than they are consumed.
An example of nonrenewable resources is fossil fuels while that of renewable resource is geothermal energy.
Thus, location A burning fossil fuels uses more nonrenewable resources than location B which uses geothermal energy.
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Write any three characteristics of bacteria
Any three characteristics of bacteria area
lack of membrane-bound organellesunicellular small (usually microscopic) size.Answer:
Three characteristic of bacteria are
1: Unicellular
2: Small size
3: lack of membran bound organless
Tongue curling in humans is a dominate trait. Suppose a man who is Tt for tongue curling marries a woman who is also Tt for this trait. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of their children and the percent chance for each? include genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
Answer:
TT 25% 1/4, Tt 50% 1/2, tt 25% 1/4
Explanation:
T. t
T. TT Tt
t. Tt tt
What are the 4 main steps of cellular respiration
Answer:
glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
Explanation:
The stages of cellular respiration include glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Select the right coronary artery. This artery and its branches supply blood to the right ventricle and the right atrium. It extends from the _________________________ and runs to the right of the _________________________.
This artery and its branches supply blood to the right ventricle and the right atrium. It extends from the right anterior aortic sinus and runs to the right of the coronary sulcus.
The right coronary artery components the right atrium, the right ventricle, the posterior one-1/3 of the interventricular septum, and the inferior portion of the septum.
right coronary artery (RCA). The right coronary artery components blood to the proper ventricle, the right atrium, and the SA (sinoatrial) and AV (atrioventricular) nodes, which alter the coronary heart rhythm.
The proper coronary artery (RCA) is certainly one of the primary coronary vessels that deliver the myocardium (the other being the left coronary artery). It originates from the right aortic sinus of the ascending aorta and runs within the right part of the atrioventricular groove (coronary sulcus) wrapping across the right side of the coronary heart.
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