if you touch the dorsal part of your hand near the thumb with the tip of a pencil, you may notice the sensation of cold, even though the pencil lead is at room temperature, called labeled line coding Summation units.
labeled line coding Summation units are frequently used in theories of numerosity representation because neurons that encode simply sensory magnitude typically exhibit monotone response functions. The limited range of tested numbers in these investigations prevented a conclusive conclusion, however cells expressing numerical quantity show nonmonotonic tuning functions that peak at their chosen numerosity ("labeled-line code").
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When a molecule of oxygen moves from outside of a eukaryotic cell to eventually be reduced by complex iv of the electron transport chain, how many phospholipid bilayers does it need to cross?.
Complex 4 called cytochrome a₃ is responsible for the conversion of O₂ to H₂0 by crossing 4 phospholipid bilayers.
What is a phospholipid bilayer and how cytochrome reduces Oxygen?The ETS called an electron transport system is embedded in the inner membrane of the eukaryotic cell for the process to be carried out.The NADH+H is reduced to NAD through complex 1 (FeS) then succinate is converted to fumarate through complex 2 FAD and FeS.The complex called cytochrome b, FeS, and cytochrome c₁ has a rollover from complex 2 and the 1/2 O₂ reduced to H₂O is this step by cytochrome that is reduced.And finally, the ATP synthase that is ADP+ Pi to ATP.To know more about the Electron transport chain visit:
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Some students set up an experiment to investigate osmosis. They filled two pieces of dialysis [visking] tubing with different liquids and left them both in a beaker of 5% sucrose solution for an hour. Describe and explain the likely results after one hour.
Visking tubing is a partly permeable artificial membrane that allows smaller molecules such as water and glucose to flow through its minute gaps. Larger molecules, such as starch and sucrose, are unable to flow through it.
What occurs during the Visking tubing experiment?Water osmotically travels over the membrane from the rising water concentration (dilute solutions) in the beaker to the poor water content (concentrated solution) in the Visking tubing, increasing the amount of liquid in the Visking tubing and forcing liquid up the capillary tube.
When sugar dissolves in water, water and sucrose molecules create weak connections. These connections make it more challenging for water to osmotically exit the solution.
Starch molecules are too big to pass through the artificial selectively permeable membrane.
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Instead of an indicator or reagent for the lipid test, what was used?
Instead of a reagent we can use emulsion test to identify a lipid molecule.
Using wet chemistry, the emulsion test is a technique for identifying the presence of lipids. The process involves suspending the sample in ethanol so that any lipids it contains can disintegrate (lipids are soluble in alcohols). The liquid, which contains dissolved fat and alcohol, is then decanted into water.
Procedure to do an emulsion test for lipids:
Add the ethanol, then shake. Shake the sample vigorously for a minute after adding ethanol.Fill the water with the solution. In a test tube filled with water, pour the entire solution next.Look for the development of a milky white emulsion. Lipids won't mix with water since they are immiscible in water due to their insolubility.Any lipids in your sample will consequently float to the surface and create a milky white emulsion. The milky tint will become more noticeable the more lipids there are in your sample.To know more about lipids visit:
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In which cell diagram is ATP being utilized for the transport of molecules?
Answer:
answer is cell A only
the fact that individuals who possess favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those who possess less favorable traits is the basis for natural selection.
The above statement 'the fact that individuals who possess favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those who possess less favorable traits is the basis for natural selection is true.
Natural selection can be described as a theory that states that organisms that are best adaptable to survive in an environment are able to pass on their characteristics to their offspring.
Organisms that do not have adaptable characteristics tend to become extinct with time. This theory is referred to as natural selection because nature is the one that selects which organisms are fit enough to survive and reproduce in an environment.
The theory of natural selection was formulated by Charles Darwin after many experiments.
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of the following types of organisms, which are examples of microscopic algae? (select all that apply.) group of answer choices coccolithophores krill dinoflagellates photosynthetic bacteria diatoms
All of the organisms in question i.e. coccolithophores krill dinoflagellates photosynthetic bacteria diatoms are examples of microscopic algae.
What are microscopic algae?
Planktonic algae, often known as microalgae, are aquatic organisms that are found in hundreds of different kinds worldwide. The most well-known microalgae species include coccolithophores, cryptomonads, golden algae, yellow-green algae, and euglenoids, but diatoms, dinoflagellates, and green algae are also present. Since there are so many diatoms floating around in the oceans, nearly half of the oxygen on Earth is created through photosynthetic activity. Despite the fact that diatoms and dinoflagellates are types of planktonic algae, they are sometimes mistaken for red or brown algae. Due to their inability to float freely, red and brown algae are not regarded as phytoplankton. Rarely single-celled, true red and brown algae stick to rocks or other surfaces rather than drifting at the surface. For the same reasons, multicellular green algae is not regarded as phytoplankton. Algae must be single-celled or colonial (a collection of single cells) and live and die in the water without being attached to any substrate in order to be classified as phytoplankton.
Following available literature, all of coccolithophores, krill dinoflagellates, photosynthetic bacteria, diatoms fall under microscopic algae.
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slow pain is mediated by what type of nociceptor? group of answer choices ruffini's free endings polymodal nociceptors merkel's disk a-gamma fibers a-delta fibers
polymodal nociceptors that are capable of evoking a range of pain sensations and responses
Polymodal nociceptorWide dynamic range nociceptive neurons, also known as polymodal-nociceptive neurons. Both painful and non-painful cutaneous and/or visceral stimuli stimulate these neurons (polymodal nociceptive neurons). Diverse noxious stimuli cause these neurons to fire (mechanical, thermal, chemical, etc.)Additionally, distinct subsets respond to various stimuli, with the majority being classified as polymodal based on anatomical, in vivo, and in vitro electrophysiological data. But morphological and electrophysiological information has also demonstrated that some nociceptors are more sensitive to a limited spectrum of stimuli.To learn more about Polymodal nociceptor refer:
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PLEASE ANSWER: How do humans help biodiversity in some ecosystems?
Answer: Humans help biodiversity in ecosystems by buying fewer products and making sure the products you do buy, minimise the impact on biodiversity. Investing in ways that promote biodiversity. Reducing waste of consumer goods: food, clothes, electrical appliances etc. Recycling.
What system is most responsible for sensing that there are low water levels in the body and letting you know that you need to drink water to maintain your homeostasis?.
What relationship, if any, do you see between a star's color and its temperature? Select the three statements that are correct.
As the star goes through its cycle, its temperature and composition change, and so does its color. Options c) Orange Stars are cooler d) Blue Stars are hotter, and e) The color of a star is directly related to its temperature.
How does temperature change during the star cycle?The star cycle begins with a nebula stage and ends in white dwarfs or supernovas, depending on the star's mass.
As the new star is formed, temperature increases and star composition changes, being the causes the stars change from one stage to the other through the cycle.
Usually, the star's color is an indicator of its temperature. Red stars have less temperature (about 3000ºC), while blue stars have the highest temperature (about 30000ºC). The sun -yellow star- is about 6000ºC.
Among the options, the correct ones are c, d, and e.
c. Orange Stars are cooler
d. Blue Stars are hotter
e. The color of a star is directly related to its temperature.
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Complete question
What relationship, if any, do you see between a star's color and its temperature? Select the three statements that are correct.
Select one or more:
a. Orange Stars are hotter
b. There is no relationship between a star's color and its temperature
c. Orange Stars are cooler
d. Blue Stars are hotter
e. The color of a star is directly related to its temperature.
f Blue Stars are cooler
dna hybridization techniques, such as fish, require the melting and re- annealing of dna to its original form. what chemical feature of dna allows for this to occur?
The chemical feature that allows the melting and re-annealing of DNA to its original form is Hydrogen bonding between bases (we can easily open up AT-rich regions of DNA).
DNA is made of four nucleotide bases. The nucleotide base Adenine pairs with Thyme. The nucleotide base Cytosine pairs up with Guanine. The number of hydrogen bonds between Adenine and Thymine is two whereas the number of hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine is three.
Techniques like DNA hybridization which require Melting and re-annealing of DNA can happen because the hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine are easier to break.
The A-T rich regions can be melted at high temperatures to break down the DNA and can be annealed afterward by ligases.
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PLEASE HELP ASAP
2) The balanced chemical equation. for cellular respiration is:
C6H12O6+602>>>6CO2+H20+heat+ATP
How does this equation represent the law of conservation of matter- that matter. cannot be created or destroyed?
The number of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are same on the both side of the equation.
What’s the distinction between Days 1, 2, and 3 and Days 4, 5, and 6? the creation of god
In the account of the six days of creation by God the distinction between Days 1, 2, and 3 and Days 4, 5, and 6 is that God began creation with the non-living things in the environment and ended it with the creation of man in his image.
What are the things created by God during the six days of creation?The Six days of creation by God witnessed several distinct creative activities by God.
God created the universe in six days and on the seventh day, he rested.
The account of the creation by God is as follows:
On the first day, God created Night and Day.On the second day, God created the expanse or the HeavenOn the third day, God created the dry land called Earth as well as the grasses and fruit trees of all kinds. God also created the SeasOn the fourth day, God created the Sun, the moon, and the stars.On the fifth day, God created sea creatures, small and great. God also made the flying creatures of the heavens.On the sixth day, God created the land animals according to their kinds, both domestic and wild animals. Finally, God made man in his own image, male and female, He created them.Learn more about creation by God at: https://brainly.com/question/7095091
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which is the most likely function of the inner lining
Answer:
Explanation:
Simple epithelium has only one cell layer where every cell is in direct contact with the underlying basement membrane. Generally, this type of epithelium is found inside the body probably due to the fragile nature and forms the lining of the body cavities, blood and lymph vessels, heart and respiratory system.
Being a thin layer has the physiological advantage of faster absorption and filtration especially when it lines the digestive tract and exchange surfaces of the lungs.
what would be the effect on leading-strand and lagging-strand synthesis of inactivating each of the following enzymes in an e. coli cell [note that e. coli is a typical prokaryote]? a. primase b. dna ligase c. dna polymerase i (pol i)
Topoisomerase inhibits the tightly bonded double-stranded DNA, primase synthesizes RNA during DNA replication, and DNA polymerase 1 is used to initiate the DNA replication process.
What is DNA ligase and what is its work and how it inactivates the enzyme in e-coli?By catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds between double-stranded DNA fragments with juxtaposed 5'-phosphate termini and 3'-hydroxyl termini in the presence of the NAD cofactor, E. coli DNA Ligase is a ligation enzyme that can be used to connect DNA fragments.
Inactivating DNA ligase in e-coli, a prokaryotic bacteria the leading and lagging strands both would not get binded.Because DNA ligase has the function of joining both overhanging stretches of DNA.Inactivating primase in e-coli would not synthesize RNA which is needed to initiate DNA replication.Inactivating DNA polymerase 1 in e-coli would not initiate the DNA replication process.To know more about e-coli visit:
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During __________, frequently used synaptic connections in the brain strengthen while rarely used connections tend to thin. a. assimilation b. accommodation c. scaffolding d. synaptogenesis please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
During synaptogenesis, frequently used synaptic connections in the brain strengthen while rarely used connections tend to thin. The correct answer is option(d).
Synapses, the points of contact where information is passed between neurons, are formed during a process known as synaptogenesis. This is necessary for the development of brain networks as well as for the overall design of brain connectivity. Synapses may have an electrochemical makeup. The brain expands significantly while a child is a baby. Synapse creation between neurons explodes in the early stages of brain development
The creation of synapses is a crucial step in brain development. It takes place after the birth, migration, and initial differentiation of neurons, and it is crucial for the development of neural networks. In the adult brain, synaptogenesis is still crucial for the activity-dependent restructuring of neural networks.
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what is the difference between theory and law
Answer:
Laws, as demonstrated by a mathematical equation, specify what will occur in a specific circumstance, whereas theories explain how the phenomena occurs.
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what are the similarity of pondweed cell and escherichia coli
The similarity which exists between pondweed cell and escherichia coli include the following below:
Presence of DNA.Presence of cell wall.What is DNAThis is referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid and consists of various compounds such as base pairs, phosphate groups etc. It is the genetic material of living organisms and ensures that traits are passed from the parent to offspring during reproduction.
Pondweed is a plant while escherichia coli is an example of a bacteria and they possess DNA which is needed during reproductive activities. They also have cell wall which ensures that there is structural integrity in the cells of the organisms.
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The similarity which exists between pondweed cell and escherichia coli include the following below: Presence of DNA and presence of cell wall.
What does DNA?DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a nucleic acid that has all the genetic characteristics of an individual. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a type of nucleic acid that plays a fundamental role in heredity, being considered the carrier of the genetic message.
Both plant cell and bacterial cell are composed of a cell wall. Both plant cell and bacterial cell are composed of DNA as their genetic material. Both plant cell and bacterial cell perform their own metabolic reactions.
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Which of the following best describes what happens during a cross-over event?
Tetrads change orientation as they line up along the center of the cell.
Chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange corresponding segments.
X and Y sex chromosomes overlap and combine together during metaphase.
Spindle fibers overlap and attach to the wrong chromosomes during anaphase.
Answer:
Second no.. is a right answer.
Chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange corresponding segments.
if the adjacent tryptophan codons in the trp operon leader sequence are mutated to alanine codons, what is the predicted effect on trp operon regulation?
Attenuation may occur in response to high alanine levels.
What is Attenuation?Given that transcription and translation occur simultaneously in bacteria, attenuation is a suggested regulatory mechanism in some bacterial operons that results in the premature termination of transcription. A provisional stop signal, found in the DNA segment corresponding to the mRNA leader sequence, is involved in attenuation.
The ribosome gets stuck inside the attenuator region of the mRNA leader during attenuation. The attenuator either blocks production at that point or permits read-through to the structure gene portion of the mRNA and the production of the appropriate protein depending on the metabolic diseases.
Attenuation is a regulation mechanism that causes premature transcriptional termination and is present in all Archaea and Bacteria.
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Name two species that influence each other and give examples of how this relationship between the species may have influenced the development of each species.
Coyotes and rabbits are two species that influence each other. The ecological relationships between the species that may have influenced the development of each species include, for example, predator-prey relationships or parasitism.
What are ecological relationships?The term ecological relationships make reference to the associations between species in a trophic chain of a given ecosystem, which shapes the development of these species and largely determines their evolution over a long period of time.
These ecological relationships may include predator-prey relationships as occur in the case of coyotes and rabbits, which represent the predator and prey, respectively. Another important type of ecological relationship is parasitism, where one species is benefited and the other is harmed (i.e., the host).
Therefore, we can conclude that predator-prey relationships are a type of ecological relationship which may shape the development of species such as coyotes and rabbits in an ecosystem.
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which muscle groups are used during riding, squats, push ups, planks, mountain climbers, trunk rotation, overhead press, lunges, arm extension, arm flexion, superman exercises on floor and burpees, etc.
Quadriceps, hamstrings, and glutes muscle groups are used during riding, squats, push ups, planks, mountain climbers, trunk rotation, overhead press, lunges, arm extension.
What is the main function of the hamstrings?Your hamstring muscles are essential for walking, running, bending your knees, and extending your legs. However, these muscles are also quite prone to damage, particularly if you play football or soccer or engage in other activities that include many pauses and starts.
What happens when hamstrings are weak?Hamstring weakness can exacerbate knee pain and raise the risk of hamstring strain. Many people say they frequently stretch their hamstrings yet they never seem to get more flexible.
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Where do cows being treated with antibiotics live?
the growth of 10 different plants is recorded what is the independent variable
Answer:
The independent variable is probably whatever is being used to create the growth, like water or light etc. The growth is the dependent variable.
Explanation:
How do you tell the difference in atoms
The notion that our brain organization and anatomy can change is called __________. a. recovery b. experience c. neurogenesis d. plasticity please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The correct answer is option D: The notion that our brain organization and anatomy can change is called plasticity.
The ability of the brain to change its connections in response to the environment and a person's experiences is known as brain plasticity. Neuronal connections are established beginning in the fetal stage. Some relationships are kept after birth while others vanish.
The rewiring of the neural circuits during an apprenticeship is a result of the brain's plasticity. During this time, some neuronal connections are strengthened (synapses). The brain is indeed malleable. On the contrary, it changes throughout time.
Undifferentiated cells, which can replace inadvertently killed neurons, also enable cerebral plasticity. For instance, in the rat, the removal of vibriosis (whiskers with a sensory function) alters the way that neurons are arranged in the brain. The disappearance of vibriosis leads to the reorganization of the somatosensory cortex.
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Match the correct process of mitosis to its phase
The answer is as follows:
The cell separates into new cells: TelephasePaired chromosomes separate at protein structure: AnaphaseDNA is replicated: InterphaseChromosomes aligned in the middle of the cell: MetaphaseWhat is meant by Mitosis phase?The five morphologically separate phases of mitosis are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Chromosome alignment and segregation are processes that go through distinct phases.When a parent cell divides to create two identical daughter cells, the process of nuclear division known as mitosis takes place in eukaryotic cells. Mitosis refers particularly to the division of the duplicated genetic material contained in the nucleus during cell division.The correct answer is as follows:
The cell separates into new cells: TelephasePaired chromosomes separate at protein structure: AnaphaseDNA is replicated: InterphaseChromosomes aligned in the middle of the cell: MetaphaseTo learn more about mitosis phase refer to:
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What areas of the brain are responsible for creativity in the brain.
Answer:
Frontal cortex Is we’re you get ur great creativity at
Explanation:
how does reduced biodiversity affect humans
Study the Punnett square to help you to choose the words to finish the sentences
The complete sentence is: In a dihybrid cross of homogygous pea plants with round (R) yellow (Y) seeds, there will be a 9:3:3:1 ratio of 9 round yellow, 3 wrinkled yellow, 3 round green, and 1 wrinkled green plant.
One homozygous yellow round seed (YYRR) is crossed with another homozygous green wrinkled seed (yyrr). All plants in the F1 generation are heterozygous yellow round (YyRr). When this plant is self-pollinated, nine yellow round plants, three yellow wrinkled plants, three green round plants, and one green wrinkled plant are produced in the F2 generation.
The Punnett square is a table that lists every conceivable result of a genetic cross between two people of known genotype. The Punnett square is a square that has been partitioned into four quadrants in its most basic form.
The ratio of the dihybrid phenotypes is 9:3:3:1.
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