Answer:
anaerobic catabolism
Explanation:
You are the head of an international granting agency that assist farmers with soil conservation and sustainable agriculture. You have $10 million to disburse. Your agencies staff has decided that the finding should go to farmers in an arid area of Africa prone to salinization What type of projects would you recommend funding in each of these areas, how would you apportion your funding among them, and why?
The projects that will receive funding in arid areas of Africa prone to salinization include:
Reforestation and irrigation projects -will receive about 50% of the funds.Cover-crop and salt-tolerant crop farming will receive about 30% of the funds.Desalinization projects will receive about 0% of the funding.What is salinization?Salinization is the process whereby the mineral salt content of the soil in an area increases as a result of adverse environmental conditions such as drought.
The projects that will receive funding in arid areas of Africa prone to salinization include:
Reforestation and irrigation projects - these will receive about 50% of the funds as reforestation and irrigation helps reduce soil salinity.Cover-crop and salt-tolerant crop farming will receive about 30 % of the funds as these crops help reduce soil salinityDesalinization projects will receive about 30% of the funding.In conclusion, salinization of soil poses a big threat to crop production in arid regions of Africa.
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Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is used in the screening of prostate cancer. Due to the high incidence of false positive, PSA testing receives a USPSTF grade of:
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is used in the screening of prostate cancer. Due to the high incidence of false positive, PSA testing receives a USPSTF grade of poor.
The PSA test is a blood examination used primarily for prostate cancer screening. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in your blood is determined by the test. The prostate is a tiny gland that resides underneath the bladder in males. Both malignant and noncancerous cells in the prostate produces the protein known as PSA.When the PSA level is raised but no cancer is actually present, a false-positive test result is produced. Anxiety-inducing test results that are falsely positive can prompt extra, potentially hazardous medical treatments like prostate biopsies.Prostate cancer screening tests like PSA and DRE are unreliable. The false positive and false negative rates for PSA are respectively around 70% and 20%.learn more about Prostate specific antigen (PSA) here: https://brainly.com/question/15839376
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How do the basic principles of inheritance which Mendel found in plants differ from those which are found in humans
The inheritance in humans is more complex as compared to the inheritance in plants as described by Mendel.
Mendelian inheritance patterns mostly refer to the inheritance of traits controlled by a single gene with two alleles. In plants, most characteristics are governed by a single gene but in humans, most of the traits are polygenic which means that they are governed by more than one gene.
Also, most of the genes in humans have more than two alleles and hence they do not follow simple Mendelian inheritance patterns.
In humans, the males have only one X chromosome (that contains sex-linked traits) and females have two X chromosomes, this also leads to more complex patterns of dosage compensation and inheritance in humans and they do not follow the basic Mendelian laws as the plants do.
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a disease in humans where the function of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is impaired by mutation of the human PAH gene. Untreated, individuals with PKU can have intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and seizures. However, people who eat a diet low in phenylalanine can lead a normal life. What terms describe PKU as a trait
Pleiotropy refers to the phenomenon of a single gene affecting multiple traits. Phenylketonuria is an example of Pleiotropy.
What is Pleiotropy?The production of diverse effects, especially the production by a single gene of several distinct and seemingly unrelated phenotypic effects known as pleiotropy.
Phenylketonuria, generally known as PKU, is a rare hereditary condition that results in an accumulation of the amino acid phenylalanine in the body. The phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene is altered in PKU. The enzyme required to degrade phenylalanine is produced in part because of this gene. PKU can be seen to behave as a 'complex' trait.
Only 11.1 percent of MHP patients were homozygous, compared to 58.4 percent of individuals with classic PKU. Individuals with mild PKU had a compound heterozygous rate of 72.5% compared to only 35.1% in patients with classic PKU.
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What are some possible future career fields in environmental science
Answer:
here are some:
- microbiologist
- environmental scientist
- environmental engineer
- environmental specialist
- marine biologist
- environmental chemist
- wildlife biologist
Explanation:
hope this helps!!
The target cells for the hormone ACTH are located in the _______. The target cells for the hormone ACTH are located in the _______. anterior pituitary hypothalamus adrenal cortex posterior pituitary
The target cells for the hormone ACTH are located in the adrenal cortex.
The adrenal cortex is the outer part of the adrenal gland. It produces hormones that support important organ functions and body processes. Many illnesses can affect the adrenal cortex. Some cause the overproduction of hormones, while others limit hormone production.
The adrenal glands are partially controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The hypothalamus is a small area of the brain involved in hormone regulation that produces corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin).
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a hormone released from the pituitary gland and plays a major role in how the body responds to stress. With the release of ACTH, the adrenal glands produce cortisol, "stress hormones", and androgens (a group of sex hormones).
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Many pathogens use the same portal for entry and exit from the body. Group of answer choices True False
Answer:True
Explanation:
Write two things preserve at home and principle of preservation used in the preparation
Potatoes, onions, fruits, and spices can be preserved at home using different preservation techniques.
Food Preservation :
The term "food preservation" encompasses a wide range of practices that are employed to stop food from going bad. The following are some examples of food preservation methods:
Pickling, Canning, Drying, Freeze drying, Curing, Fermentation, etc.
Potatoes and onions can be preserved by the method of freezing. Keeping food in the refrigerator is the most straightforward approach to the preservation of food. Food is preserved by cooling, which slows the growth of microbes that cause spoilage.
Fruits and spices can be preserved by drying. By removing the moisture content from meals, drying prevents the formation of germs, yeast, and mold.
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which model best shows the movement of water during photosynthesis
Answer:
Soil → Plant
What happens in photosynthesis?
The light is energy. So the plant doesn't convert light to energy, light already is energy. The plant uses the light energy to grow, and to store energy in a different form (like how you eat corn, and gain energy to run and stuff, your body converts the corn to fat so you can use the energy later.)
Now, as for the creation of oxygen, we have to go deeper. In the air there is CO2, which is 2 parts oxygen and one part Carbon. Plants "breathe" it in. From the ground the plants get water, H2O, which is 2 parts Hydrogen and 1 part Oxygen, right? The plant uses the light energy to convert the C02 and H2O into Sugar, C6H1206 (6 Carbons, 12 Hydrogens, 6 Oxygens)
So we see that there must be 12 Hydrogens in the end, but H20+C02 only has 2. That means you need 6 H2O molecules, which fuse with 6 C02 molecules (becuase sugar has 6 carbons as well)
What we get is (6)H2+(6)C+[(6)02+(6)O] which we can algebra into H12+C6+O18. Now we subtract the sugar, which the plant stores (C6H12O6) and we are left with 012, or Twelve Oxygens. Oxygen doesn't like being alone, so we would represent it as 6 oxygen pairs (6)O2. That oxygen gets released back into the air. Boom.
All of the following are typical physiological effects of dehydration except _______. Multiple Choice increased blood osmolality decreased sweat rate increased cardiac output decreased plasma volume
According to the research, all of the following are typical physiological effects of dehydration except osmolality decreased.
What is dehydration?It is the process that refers to eliminating or losing the water that is part of the composition or that contains an organism.
Among the most frequent effects are thirst, osmolality increases, increased sweat rate, dry skin and fatigue.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, all of the following are typical physiological effects of dehydration except osmolality decreased.
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Cells are surrounded and protected by. it's multiple-choice to fill in the blank. Here's the list of them.
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
The structure which surrounds and protects the cell is the cell membrane. It is made up of lipids and proteins.
Lipids, specifically phospholipids, make up the cell membrane. Lipids are essential in the formation of the cell membrane's structure. They have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, which repels water. The hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids point inward and the hydrophilic heads point outward toward the water-based environment both inside and outside the cell in a bilayer arrangement.
The cell membrane is made up of lipids and proteins in addition to these other substances. The lipid bilayer contains proteins that perform a variety of tasks like cell signaling, cell adhesion, and molecule transport in and out of the cell. In order to maintain its internal environment, the cell depends on these proteins to control the substances that enter and leave the cell.
Therefore, the most appropriate answer is proteins and lipids.
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Flower Dissection — Part 2
Pick a flower from your yard, a public location, or somewhere in your neighborhood.
Start by removing the sepals of the flower with a tweezer. If you do not have a tweezer, a small pair of scissors will also work. It may be easiest to do this if you hold the flower with your finger from below the pedicel (small stalk just underneath the flower) and begin to remove the sepals with a pair of tweezers.
Using tweezers, place the sepals on the labelled printable worksheet, and tape them in place.
Repeat the same procedure for the petals and pistil.
Remove all but one of the stamens and tape them onto the worksheet.
On your printable worksheet, you should have sepals, petals, stamens and one pistil.
Take a picture of your worksheet with the flower pieces placed correctly, and save it on your computer. You will attach and submit this with your assessment questions.
Data:
Flower Dissection
Name of Flower Component Piece of Flower from Lab Function
Sepal
Petals
Stamen
Pistil
Analysis & Conclusion — Part 3
Plant Tissues
What are three characteristics that all species belonging to the plant kingdom have in common?
How will the numbers of stomata differ in tropical plants and desert plants? How does this help protect the health of a plant?
If a plant's xylem and phloem become damaged, what type of damage will result within the plant? Describe the different roles on the xylem and phloem in your answer.
Why do we compare the dermal tissue of plants to human skin? Explain your answer.
Would a plant be able to survive if the ground tissue was damaged? Explain your answer.
Flowering Reproduction
Describe how flowering plants reproduce.
How do flowers help other organisms in our environment?
Which parts of a plant are responsible for reproduction? Describe the role that each of them will play.
Describe what occurs during the process of seed development.
Based on your knowledge of flowers, why do you think most flowers are bright in color?
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Angiosperms belong to the plant kingdom. Flowers are the organs needed for sexual reproduction, carrying feminine and masculine structures.
What are the parts of the flowers?Flowers are reproductive structures in charge of sexual reproduction through the production of seeds.
⇒ Feminine reproductive structures
The central structure is the carpel, also recognized as the pistil.The base of the carpel forms the ovary, in which the eggs are produced and where the zygote develops.The opposite extreme of the carpel is the stigma, in the superior part.The stigma is a sticky surface where the pollen grains get attached.The style is the filament structure that connects the ovary and the stigma.⇒ Masculine reproductive structures
The pollen grains, or male sex cells, are produced in the stamens.The stamen has an anther where the pollen is produced, and a filament that provides support.
⇒ External non-reproductive structures
Flowers also have external structures known as petals and sepals. These are modified leaves whose principal function is to protect the flower's fertile parts and attract pollinators.
Petals characterize as having many different colors that make the flower more attractive to insects and other animals. When they visit a flower searching for their recompense, the flower's pollen grains transfer to the insect's body.
The insect transports the pollen to the next visited flower, leaving it in the stigma of the second flower.
What happens during the fertilization process?1) The mature pollen grains are driven to the stigma of the same flower or other flowers of the species, where they stick.
2) Once in the stigma, the pollen grain germinates.
3) A pollinic tube forms. It goes from the stigma along the style and ends in the flower ovary.
4) The pollen grains move along the tube forward to the ovary.
5) Once in the ovary, the pollen grains get in touch with the ovule. They have double fertilization.
6) The zygote develops in the ovary.
Now, let us answer the questions,
1) Flower Dissection ⇒ you will find and scheeme in the attached files
2) Characteristics of the plant kingdom
eukaryotic multicellular organisms, photosynthetic organisms,cells with chloroplasts, a big vacuole, and cell wall. sexual and asexual reproduction3) Stomata regulate water vapor flow through transpiration.
Desert plants have fewer stomata than tropical plants as an adaptation to avoid losing water.
4) Having fewer stomata help protect the health of a plant by preventing excessive water loss under extreme conditions.
5) The vascular system of plants is composed of
The xylem ⇒ takes water and nutrients from the soil to the aerial part of the plant.The phloem ⇒ transports photosynthetic products to different tissues of the plant.If the xylem gets damaged, the plant will not be able to take water and nutrients from the ground. If the phloem gets damaged, the plant will not be able to use photosynthetic products in different tissues. In any case, the plant will dye.
6) Because plants and human dermal tissues vary in the number of layers and functions.
Plants have one dermal layer and have a cuticle to avoid dehydration and provide protection. Human skin is multilayered and the immune system protects it.7) Ground tissues are not meristematic, dermal, or vascular tissues. However, among their functions, we can mention photosynthesis, storage, regeneration, and healing capability. All of them are necessary to survive. If the ground tissues are damaged, the plant can not survive.
8) Flowering plants can reproduce sexually or asexually. During sexual reproduction, pollen grains fertilize the eggs in the ovary.
9) During pollination, insects and other animals get a recompense -nectar-. Flowers provide a source of food and prime matter to different pollinator agents. Also, flowers might be a shelter for many species.
10) The stamen where the pollen is produced. The ovary is where eggs are produced and where the zygote develops. Pollen gets to the egg in the ovary and fertilizes it (description above).
11)
The embryo is formed after the double fecundation. It composes of growing cotyledons, an epicotyl, and a hypocotyl.
The tegument and endosperm of the seed protect the embryo from dehydration and denutrition.
Germination is the process of development and the emergence of the embryo. These are a series of steps that must occur in the seed from the moment the embryo begins to develop until a newly emerged plantule is formed. For germination to occur, there must be appropriate environmental conditions.
12) Flowers are bright and colored because this is how they attract pollinator agents such and insects and other animals.
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What distinguishes the difference between DNA, chromosomes and genes
Answer:
DNA is the building blocks of genes that contain the coded instruction for building and maintaining a body. Genes are a portion of DNA that are tasked with making specific proteins that play a critical role in the structure and function of the body. Chromosomes are structures containing many genes each.
Explanation:
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When collagen in the wall of a blood vessel is exposed as a result of injury, ______ adhere and develop long, spiny pseudopods which draw the vessel walls back together.
When collagen in the wall of a blood vessel is exposed as a result of injury, platelets adhere and develop long, spiny pseudopods which draw the vessel walls back together.
The blood vessel wall's structural component, collagen, is typically hidden beneath the cells that line the blood vessels' inner walls.Collagen that is exposed when a blood vessel is damaged draws platelets from the circulation, resulting in blood clotting. Additionally, collagen is essential for regulating blood vessel wall cell function. They examine which pieces adhere to various blood vessel wall proteins. This enables them to pinpoint the collagen's essential components, such as those that regulate platelets and blood vessel wall cells.Small blood cells called platelets assist your body in forming clots to halt bleeding. Your blood vessels communicate with the platelets when they sustain injury. When there is damage, the platelets immediately create a plug (clot) to repair it.learn more about platelets here: https://brainly.com/question/4883461
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give the right answer and you will be marked brainliest
The cell organneles in the given figure are as follows (A). Nucleus (B). Rough endoplasmic Reticulum (C). Golgi body
What are cell organelles ?Organelles are specialized structures that perform various jobs inside cells. The term literally means “little organs.”
In the same way organs, such as the heart, liver, stomach, and kidneys, serve specific functions to keep an organism alive, organelles serve specific functions to keep a cell alive.
The cell organneles in the given figure are as follows (A). Nucleus (B). Rough endoplasmic Reticulum (C). Golgi bodyThe part of the cell in which Rough ER and Golgi bodies are suspended is Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is simply a generic term that describes everything within the plasma membrane and outside the nucleus
The process occuring in this part is the production of Protein
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The process of coating nerve fibers and connections with a type of fatty insulation to protect the connections is called: Group of answer choices Calcification Lipidosis Myelination Synaptic pruning
Myelination is the answer.
Myelin is an insulating layer or sheath formed around nerves, including the brain and spinal cord. It is composed of protein and fat. This myelin sheath allows electrical impulses to be transmitted quickly and efficiently along nerve cells. When myelin is damaged, these impulses slow down.
CNS myelin is produced by a special cell called oligodendrocytes. PNS myelin is produced by Schwann cells. Although the two types of myelin are chemically different, they both perform the same function and enable the efficient transmission of nerve impulses down axons
Myelin is formed by the innermost sheet-like glial process that contacts axons in the PNS (peripheral nervous system) and CNS. Axons spiral around the axons and spin out several layers of overlapping membranes.
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Components of an environment that can reduce a population size are called?
Answer:
Environmental Resistance.
Answer:
Environment Resistance
Explanation:
Factors that reduce population numbers (called environment Resistance) limit population growth
During weeks 17-20, quickening occurs, which is when the __________. a. fetus’ sense of hearing is developing at a rapid pace b. mother can hear the fetus’ heartbeat with headphones c. fetus’ heart rate increases to 150 beats per minute d. mother is able to feel the fetus move inside her womb please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
During weeks 17-20, quickening occurs, which is when the (d) mother is able to feel the fetus move inside her womb.
The period during which a fetus develops inside a woman's womb or uterus is known as pregnancy, it typically lasts about 40 weeks or just over 9 months in humans.
During the course of pregnancy, the fetus develops from being a single cell to a complete individual.
Quickening is the movement of the baby inside the mother’s womb at around 16-20 weeks of pregnancy. It assures the health and growth of the baby inside the uterus. A fetus that is growing well stimulates more quickening movements.
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The ________ of the embryo develops into nephrons. pronephros mesonephros metanephric mesoderm metanephros ureteric bud
Metanephric mesoderm
The metanephric mesoderm of the embryo develops into nephrons.
The ureteric bud is limited to developing the renal collecting system, while the metanephric mesoderm is committed to differentiating into nephrons.
What are nephrons?
The fundamental structural and operational unit of the kidney is the nephron. They are a tiny structure made up of renal tubules and corpuscles.
Each human kidney contains millions of nephrons. The length of the mammalian nephron, which ranges from 35 to 55 mm, is long and tube-like in shape. The tube is closed, folded, and inflated at one end to form the Bowman's capsule, also known as the renal corpuscular capsule, which houses the glomerulus, a collection of tiny blood arteries. The renal corpuscle is made up of the glomerulus and this capsule combined.
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When DNA condenses in preparation for cell division, it is called a __________.
A. chromosome
B. centromere
C. nucleus
D. mitosis
answer abc or d with a simple expln-
and pls be sure of ur answer
Answer:
A. chromosome
Explanation:
Chromosomes are typically what you see in a chart like karyotype that shows all the chromosomes of a particular organism. These are the highly condensed structures of DNA during replication which makes it easy to transfer DNA during replication.
When DNA condenses in preparation for cell division, it is called a chromosome.
The correct option is A .
When DNA condenses in preparation for cell division, it condenses and coils tightly into structures called chromosomes. Chromosomes are the compact and organized form of DNA that is visible under a microscope during cell division. Each chromosome consists of a single, long DNA molecule wrapped around proteins called histones. Chromosomes are essential for the proper segregation and distribution of genetic material to daughter cells during cell division (e.g., mitosis or meiosis).
After cell division is complete, the chromosomes decondense, and the DNA returns to its extended form as chromatin, which can be actively transcribed and translated for normal cellular functions.
Hence , A is the correct option
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Based on the structure and arrangements of nucleotides in the __________ molecule, the molecule is an information molecule. It stores instructions and is read to produce proteins that direct cellular reproduction, produce new cellular components, and initiate cellular reproduction.
Based on the structure and arrangements of nucleotides in the DNA molecule, the molecule is an information molecule. It stores instructions and is read to produce proteins that direct cellular reproduction, produce new cellular components, and initiate cellular reproduction.
Describe DNA.Deoxyribonucleic acid is referred to as a DNA Trusted Source. It includes units known as nucleotides, which are biological building blocks.
For most other organisms in addition to humans, DNA is an essential chemical. Our genes and genetic material, which are what gives us our individuality, are both found in our DNA.
What is the DNA's structure?A DNA molecule is created from a group of nucleotides. There are three components in each nucleotide:
a phosphate groupa sugara base of nitrogenThe name of the sugar in DNA is 2-deoxyribose. The "backbone" of the DNA strand is made up of these sugar molecules that are in alternation with phosphate groups.
In a nucleotide, each sugar is joined to a nitrogen base. Nitrogen bases come in four main varieties in DNA. They consist of:
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The cellular structures found in prokaryotes are (select all that apply) Capsules Ribosomes Golgi complex Mitochondria Fimbriae
Prokaryotic cells are basic cells that lack membrane-bound nuclei and complex organelles and the cellular structures found in prokaryotes are Capsules, Ribosomes, and Fimbriae.
Numerous prokaryotes have a tacky peripheral layer called the capsule, which is generally made of polysaccharides. Ribosomes are found and freely distributed in prokaryotes. Fimbriae are a kind of limb of prokaryotic cells. These hair-like bulges permit prokaryotes to adhere to surfaces in their current circumstance and to one another.
Mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus assembly are remarkable to eukaryotic cells, and won't be tracked down in prokaryotes.
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Which two gases were part of both stage 2 and stage 3 in the formation of the atmosphere?
The two gases that were a part of both stage two and stage three in the formation of the atmosphere are carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
The atmosphere consists of five primary layers, these are- troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. The second layer is the stratosphere and the third layer is the mesosphere. The stratosphere was formed by ices from comets and from gases that were released by volcanic eruptions and pushed into the atmosphere. The mesosphere is situated just above the stratosphere and right below the thermosphere. The two gases which were prevalent in the generation of both these layers are nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
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Stage of cell division and a reason for your answer
Answer:
This is 'crossing over'.
Explanation:
The chromosomes are crossing over and exchanging regions.
When comparing spun microhematocrit results with hematocrit results obtained on an electronic cell counter, the spun hematocrit results may vary from ___ because of this trapped plasma (unless the cell counter has been calibrated against spun microhematocrits uncorrected for trapped plasma).
When comparing spun microhematocrit results with hematocrit results obtained on an electronic cell counter, the spun hematocrit results may vary from 1 to 3 % because of this trapped plasma (unless the cell counter has been calibrated against spun microhematocrit uncorrected for trapped plasma).
Trapped plasma is the quantity of intracellular plasma last in the packed cell column of the microhematocrit after centrifugation.
It artificially increases the packed cellular column constituting an effective bias to the hematocrit. the quantity of trapped plasma varies as a function of cell packing.
Inadequate centrifugation, poor blending, and inappropriate anticoagulant awareness also can make a contribution to technical errors. In spun hematocrits, a number of problems that have atypical red cells can also purpose plasma to be trapped inside the erythrocytes.
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Wha is contained in chromosomes
Answer:
genes
Explanation:
chromosomes contain genes
what happens when solid particles gain enegry
Answer:
The solid particles eventually gain so much energy that the vibrations increase and break their fixed positions.
Explanation:
Atomic bonds hold atoms to one another inside a solid. Instead of acting like stiff rods, these linkages act like springs. A solid is thus made up of several heavy particles that are linked by springs. You may easily picture these particles continuing to oscillate erratically to and fro from their places, resulting in zero net motion. But power is still needed for this oscillation. The solid's temperature is controlled by this energy, which is also known as internal energy. The energy increases with temperature. A solid's internal net energy rises when it receives (thermal) energy. The surplus is divided among all the particles essentially evenly. The frequency in a spring mass system does not alter with energy, but the amplitude does. In other words, atomic oscillations have the same frequency but a greater amplitude. In other words, the atoms move farther throughout their oscillations. The amplitude may rise to a point where the spring-ey linkages begin to break and the lattice collapses if you provide them with enough energy. To put it simply once again, the solid dissolves.
In the average person, what percentage of alcohol is absorbed through the small intestine?.
In the average person, 70-80 percentage of alcohol is absorbed through the small intestine.
Alcohol is not treated the same way as other food nutrients. In fact, the digestive system exerts additional effort to remove it from the body, giving alcohol removal priority over other nutrients including lipids (fats), carbs, and proteins. All parts of the digestive tract take in alcohol. In contrast to other nutrients, alcohol is quickly absorbed in the small intestine and enters the bloodstream immediately via the stomach lining. Although other bodily cells can also metabolize alcohol, the liver is where alcohol metabolism mostly takes place. Acetaldehyde, a poisonous chemical, is created when alcohol is broken down.learn more about alcohol here: https://brainly.com/question/27427140
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Crossing over is __________. Crossing over is __________. the formation of tetrads an independent assortment of chromosomes the exchange of corresponding portions of homologous chromosomes the movement of genetic material from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome
Crossing over is the exchange of corresponding portions of homologous chromosomes.
What is Crossing over?Chromosomal hybrid, or crossing over, is the trading of hereditary material during sexual multiplication between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister chromatids that outcomes in recombinant chromosomes. It is one of the last periods of hereditary recombination, which happens in the pachytene phase of prophase I of meiosis during a cycle called synapsis. Synapsis starts before the synaptonemal complex creates and isn't finished until close to the furthest limit of prophase I. Hybrid normally happens while matching areas on matching chromosomes break and afterward reconnect to the next chromosome. Getting over and DNA fix is very much like cycles, which use a considerable lot of similar protein edifices.To learn more about Crossing over refer to:
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7. The asthenosphere and lithosphere are parts of Earth's
Answer:
The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of the Earth.
asthenosphere, zone of Earth's mantle lying beneath the lithosphere and believed to be much hotter and more fluid than the lithosphere.