How many different principal quantum numbers can be found in the ground-state electron configuration of nickel?A) 2.B) 3.C) 4.D) 5.E) 6.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

C) 4.

Explanation:

Hello!

In this case, since the electron configuration of nickel at its ground-state, considering 28 as its atomic number and the number of electrons it has in one atom, is:

[tex]Ni^{28}:1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^6,4s^2,3d^8[/tex]

We can see it has four energy levels, 1, 2, 3 and 4, which are related to the following principal quantum number, that describes the energy of an electron in the atom and its most probable distance with respect to the nucleus.

Therefore, nickel has C) 4 different principal quantum numbers.

Best regards!


Related Questions

Heat is a form of energy transfer from a blank location

Answers

Heat is a form of energy and transfer of it takes place from hotter body to cooler body.

What is heat transfer?

Heat transfer is a process in which heat transfers from one object to another object without any loss.

Heat transfer is a branch of thermal engineering that deals with the production, use, conversion, and transfer of thermal energy between physical systems.

Transfer of heat generally takes place from hotter body to the cooler body till when both the bodies gain the same temperature.

Hence heat transfers from hotter body to cooler body.

To know more about heat transfer, visit the below link:

https://brainly.com/question/16055406

#SPJ2

What is The compound with the formula SiCl4

Answers

Answer:

silicon tetrachloride or tetrachlorosilane

In which direction will the following equilibrium shift when solid sodium fluoride is added to an aqueous solution of acetic acid? CH3COOH â CH3COOâ + H+ A. The equilibrium shifts to the right, to form more products. B. The equilibrium shifts to the left, to form more reactants. C. There is no change; the system is still at equilibrium.

Answers

Answer:

A. The equilibrium shifts to the right, to form more products.

Explanation:

When sodium fluoride, NaF, is added to an aqueous solution, some HF is produced:

NaF + H₂O ⇄ OH⁻ + Na⁺ + HF.

That is, some H⁺ reacts decreasing its concentration.

Now, the equilibrium of the acetic acid is:

CH3COOH ⇄ CH3COO⁻ + H⁺

As the concentration of H⁺ decreases:

A. The equilibrium shifts to the right, to form more products.

In order to restore the initial equilibrium.

Why is the following electron configuration not possible?
1-9-1

Answers

Answer: because its noy

Explanation:

Which of the compounds of H3PO4, Mg(OH)2, LiOH, and HCl, behave as acids when they are dissolved in water?A. Mg(OH)2 and LiOH.B. B H3PO4 and HC.C. Only HCl.D. Only LiOH.

Answers

Answer:

B. H3PO

Explanation:

The pH, texture, reactivity, and conductivity should be seen while determining acid or base. Among given option, H₃PO₄ is the acid  when dissolved in water.

What are acid and base?

Acid is a substance that has sour taste, pH lies in the range of 0-7 and give hydronium ion when dissolved in water. Acid turns blue litmus red. Whereas base has bitter, its pH is between 7-14 and it turns red litmus blue. It give hydroxide ion when dissolved in water.

Extensive properties, such as mass and volume depend on the amount of substance present and are not useful in the identification of a substance. Measuring mass and volume is not useful While determining acid or base. Out of given compounds, H₃PO₄ is the acid  when dissolved in water.

Therefore, H₃PO₄ is the acid  when dissolved in water.

To learn more about acid and base, here:

https://brainly.com/question/3941445

#SPJ5

What is the Dependent variable?

Answers

Explanation:

Just like an independent variable, a dependent variable is exactly what it sounds like. It is something that depends on other factors. For example, a test score could be a dependent variable because it could change depending on several factors such as how much you studied, how much sleep you got the night before you took the test, or even how hungry you were when you took it. Usually when you are looking for a relationship between two things you are trying to find out what makes the dependent variable change the way it does.

how many neutrons make up one of these potassium atoms?​

Answers

Answer:

20 Neutrons

Explanation:

The element of potassium has the symbol K. The nucleus of an atom of potassium contains 19 protons and 20 neutrons. I hope that answer helps xx

Unit Test Unit Test Active 13 TIME REMAINING 01:31:26 Chemical A and Chemical B react in an exothermic reaction. What can be known about what will happen when Chemical A and Chemical B are mixed together? O The new substance will need more energy to form its chemical bonds than the old substance will release. More energy will be released from the old substance than the new substance will need to form its chemical bonds. The color will change as a result of the reaction. O The substance will bubble as a result of the reaction. Save and Exit Next Submit Mark this and return​

Answers

Answer:

More energy is released from the old substance than the new substance needs to form its chemical bonds

Explanation:

Chemical A and Chemical B react in an exothermic reaction. When Chemical A and Chemical B are mixed together more energy will be released from the old substance than the new substance will need to form its chemical bonds. Therefore, option B is correct.

What is an exothermic reaction ?

When a chemical reaction goes on, energy is shifted to or from the surroundings. When energy is moved to the surroundings, this is called an exothermic reaction, and the temperature of the surroundings increases.

Examples of exothermic reactions are combustion reactions and many oxidation reactions.

A chemical reaction is exothermic if heat is passed by the system into the surroundings. Because the surroundings are deriving heat from the system, the temperature of the surroundings increases.

Thus, option B is correct.

To learn more about the exothermic reaction, follow the link;

https://brainly.com/question/10373907

#SPJ6

Answer the questions about the characteristics of the elements in group 2 (the alkaline earth metals).1. What happens when the elements in group 2 react with iodine? a. a salt is formed (MI_2) b. a salt is formed (MI) c. no reaction 2. How do they react with water? a. hydrogen gas is released b. oxygen is released 3. How do they react with oxygen? a. an oxide is formed (M_2 O) b. an oxide is formed (MO) c. no reaction 4. Which reacts the most vigorously? a. Ba b. Mg c. Ca d. Sr e. Ba 5. Which element in the group is the most metallic in character? a. Be b. Mg c. Ca d. Sr e. Ba

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

1

When elements in group 2 react with Iodine, a salt MI_2 is formed

2

When they react with water, Hydrogen gas is released

3

When they react with Oxygen, an Oxide, MO is formed

4

The most vigorously reactive metal in group 2 is Barium, Ba. Reactivity increases as one moves downward in group 2

5

The most metallic element is Barium, Ba. This is because in the periodic table, metallic strength of metals increases as one moves down the table.

The thing that happens when the elements in group 2 react with iodine is:

A salt MI_2 is formed

The way these elements react with water is:

They form hydrogen gas  

The way they react with oxygen is:

They produce an Oxide, MO

The element which reacts the most vigorously  in group 2 is:

Barium, Ba. This is because their reactivity increases as one moves downward in group 2

The element in the group which is the most metallic in character is:

Barium, Ba. It is this way because of the changes in metallic strength as metals change positions in the table

Read more here:

https://brainly.com/question/16377112

Write the condensed electron configurations for the follow- ing atoms and indicate how many unpaired electrons each has: (a) Mg, (b) Ge, (c) Br, (d) V, (e) Y, (f) Lu.

Answers

Answer:

i think it is ge

Explanation:

Two or more than two atoms with different physical or chemical properties can not combine together to form an element. Therefore, the condensed electron configurations for the given element can be written as below.

What is element?

Element generally consist of atoms or we can atoms combine to form element. Atoms of an element is always same, means all the properties of all atoms of one type of element is same.

The systematic distribution of electrons in the various atomic orbitals is called its electronic configuration. 1,2,3 represents the number of shells and s and represents the orbitals. The superscripts represents the number of electrons in each orbitals.

Electronic configuration of Mg   Ne 3s²

Electronic configuration of Ge   [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²

Electronic configuration of Br    [Ar] 3d10 4s² 4p⁵

Electronic configuration of V     [Ar] 3d³ 4s²

Electronic configuration of  Y   [ Kr ]4d¹ 5s²

Electronic configuration of Lu     [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹6s²

Therefore, the condensed  electron configurations for the given element can be written as above.

To know more about element, here:

brainly.com/question/8460633

#SPJ2

Please help me on question #2 please please really need help due today at 9:00pm please

Answers

No, the biggest star in the universe is UY scuti

If 15.5 mL of 0.225 M aqueous magnesium chloride is added to 37.5 mL of 0.250 M aqueous lead(II) nitrate, then what mass of lead(II) chloride precipitates?A. 0.485 g.B. 0.971 g.C. 1.94 g.D. 3.888 g.E. 5.82 8 g.

Answers

Answer:

B. 0.971 g

Explanation:

When MgCl₂(aq) reacts with Pb(NO₃)₂(aq), PbCl₂(s) and Mg(NO₃)₂(aq) are produced:

MgCl₂(aq) + Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) →, PbCl₂(s) + Mg(NO₃)₂(aq)

Thus, we need to find imiting reactant finding moles of each reactant:

Moles MgCl₂:

15.5mL = 0.0155L * (0.225 mol / L) = 3.49x10⁻³ moles

Moles Pb(NO₃)₂:

37.5mL = 0.0375L * (0.250mol / L) = 9.38x10⁻³ moles

As the ratio of the reactants is 1:1, the moles of PbCl₂ are 3.48x10⁻³ moles.

We need to convert thes moles to mass using molar mass of PbCl₂ (278.1g/mol), thus:

3.48x10⁻³ moles * (278.1g/mol) =

0.968g of PbCl₂ are precipitate

Thus, right answer is:

B. 0.971 g

Which of these results in kinetic energy of an object?

Answers

Answer: B

Kinetic Energy is the energy possessed by the body due to "motion".

Answer:

B- motion

Explanation:

Correct on edge 2021

️️

Are transition metals reactive?

Answers

Answer: Yes

Explanation:

Classify H2O as cation, anion or neither

Answers

Answer:

H²O is neither a cation or anion

Explanation:

Hydrogen can form a cation (H+) or an anion (H-‐). Hydrogen in water (H20), ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4) and millions of other compounds is neither a cation nor an anion.

What is the ground-state electron configuration for the Mn4 ion and is it paramagnetic or diamagnetic?

Answers

Answer:

[Ar]3d4 is the ground-state electron configuration for the Mn4 ion

but i don't know whether it is paramagnetic or daimagnetic

Larry was told that a certain muscle cream was the newest best thing on the market and claims to double a person’s muscle power when used as part of a muscle-building workout. Interested in this product, he buys the special muscle cream and recruits Patrick and SpongeBob to help him with an experiment. Larry develops a special marshmallow weight-lifting program for Patrick and SpongeBob. He meets with them once every day for a period of 2 weeks and keeps track of their results. Before each session Patrick’s arms and back are lathered in the muscle cream, while Sponge Bob’s arms and back are lathered with the regular lotion.




Which person is the control group?



SpongeBob

SpongeBob


Patrick

Patrick


Larry

Answers

SpongeBobs twin brother and Larry and Patrick’s twin brother

if you are correct i will be sure to give your brainliest

Answers

Answer:

slow down speed updon't change1 will be the right answer

Answer:

Speeds up

Explanation:

A mixture of two gases with a total pressure of 2.00 atm contains 0.70 atm of Gas A. What is the partial pressure of Gas B in atm?

Answers

The partial pressure of Gas B : 1.3 atm

Further explanation  

Dalton's Law stated

the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases  

Can be formulated:  

[tex]\tt P~tot=P1+P2+P3...Pn[/tex]

P tot = 2 atm

P gas A = 0.7 atm

So P gas B :

[tex]\tt P~gas~B=P~tot-P~gas~A\\\\P~gas~B=2-0.7=1.3~atm[/tex]

 

The partial pressure of Gas B in the mixture of two gases has been 1.3 atm.

The partial pressure of the gas can be defined as the pressure of the particular gas in the mixture of gases.

According to dalton, the total pressure of the gas has been the sum of the partial pressure of the individual gases.

Thus, total pressure = partial pressure of gas A + partial pressure of gas B

Given, total pressure = 2 atm

The partial pressure of gas A = 0.70 atm

So, the partial pressure of Gas B = total pressure - partial pressure of gas A

The partial pressure of Gas B = 2.0 atm - 0.70 atm

The partial pressure of Gas B = 1.3 atm

Thus, the partial pressure of Gas B in the mixture of two gases has been 1.3 atm.

For more information about the partial pressure, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/8408970

Would you want to build the wire for a cell phone charger out of nitrogen (N)? Why or why not? Be sure to explain how the properties and structure of nitrogen influence your decision.

Answers

Answer:

No

Explanation:

Nitrogen cannot be used to build the wire for a cell phone charger.

What are the elements used to build charger ?

Inside phone chargers is aluminum. Aluminum is used in phone chargers because it does a better job of conducting electricity than copper does. Bauxite is used to make aluminum. The crust of the earth contains aluminum.A phone charger is also made of tungsten. The wire's resistance is provided by tungsten. Wolframite make up tungsten. The crust of the Earth contains tungsten.Additionally, phone chargers contain gold. Because it is a conductor, gold is used in phone chargers. However, gold is also resistant to oxidation. Copper ores are used to make gold. Gold can be found everywhere on Earth and in its oceans.Silver is within your mobile charger. Silver conducts electricity. Silver is comprised of various minerals. Silver can be found free in nature at times, but it can also be found in copper, gold, and nickel.Phone chargers contain copper. Copper is also used to carry electric current.Chalcopyrite make up copper. Copper ore deposits can be found all over the world.Copper windings in a transformer are used to convert a 220 V input voltage into a 5 V operating output voltage in mobile phone chargers. The output voltage is greater than the input voltage if the secondary coil has more turns than the primary coil.Nitrogen (N), a nonmetallic element in the periodic table's Group 15 [Va] group. It is the most abundant element in Earth's atmosphere and a component of all living matter. It is a colorless, tasteless, and odorless gas. Nitrogen is used to shield motors, prevent oxidation and other chemical reactions, pressurize cable jackets, and more in the electrical industry.

To know more about Nitrogen check this:

brainly.com/question/24235139

#SPJ2

A mixture of Xe, Kr and Ar has a total pressure of 6.70 atm. What is the mole fraction of Kr if the partial pressure of Xe is 1.60 atm and that of Ar is 2.80 atm.

Answers

Answer:

0.343

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Total pressure of the gaseous mixture (P): 6.70 atmPartial pressure of Xe (pXe): 1.60 atmPartial pressure of Ar (pAr): 2.80 atm

Step 2: Calculate the partial pressure of Kr

The total pressure of the mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.

P = pXe + pAr + pKr

pKr = P - pXe - pAr

pKr = 6.70 atm - 1.60 atm - 2.80 atm

pKr = 2.30 atm

Step 3: Calculate the mole fraction of Kr

We will use the following expression.

X(Kr) = pKr/P

X(Kr) = 2.30 atm/6.70 atm

X(Kr) = 0.343

Considering the Dalton's partial pressure, the mole fraction of Kr is 0.34.

The pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture is known as its partial pressure.

So, Dalton's law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were alone:

[tex]P_{T} =P_{1} +P_{2} +...+P_{n}[/tex] where n is the number of gases.

This relationship is due to the assumption that there are no attractive forces between the gases.

Dalton's partial pressure law can also be expressed in terms of the mole fraction of the gas in the mixture.

So in a mixture of two or more gases, the partial pressure of gas A can be expressed as:

[tex]P_{A} =x_{A} P_{T}[/tex]

In this case, you know:

Total pressure= 6.70 atm. Partial pressure of Xe is 1.60 atm. Partial pressure of Ar is 2.80 atm.

So, replacing in the Dalton's partial pressure law:

[tex]P_{T} =P_{Xe} +P_{Ar} +P_{Kr}[/tex]

6.70 atm= 1.60 atm + 2.80 atm + [tex]P_{Kr}[/tex]

6.70 atm- 1.60 atm- 2.80 atm= [tex]P_{Kr}[/tex]

2.30 atm=[tex]P_{Kr}[/tex]

Then: [tex]P_{Kr} =x_{Kr} P_{T}[/tex]

2.30 atm= [tex]x_{Kr}[/tex] 6.70 atm

[tex]x_{Kr}[/tex] =2.30 atm ÷6.70 atm

[tex]x_{Kr}[/tex] = 0.34  

In summary, the mole fraction of Kr is 0.34.

Learn more:  

brainly.com/question/14239096?referrer=searchResults brainly.com/question/25181467?referrer=searchResults brainly.com/question/14119417

Show by calculation which process produces more energy per gram of material reacting

Answers

The answer is meaw meaw

What color change is exhibited by phenolphthalein during a titration of aqueous acetic acid with aqueous sodium hydroxide ? a. colorless to pink b. pink to colorless c. no color change d. yellow to blue e blue to yellow

Answers

phenolphthalein during a titration

The color change exhibited by phenolphthalein during a titration of aqueous acetic acid with aqueous sodium hydroxide is pink to colorless.

An indicator is an organic dye which changes color in acidic, basic and neutral medium.

Phenolphthalein is an example of an indicator. When aqueous acetic acid is titrated against aqueous sodium hydroxide, the indicator may be added to the basic solution.

Phenolphthalein has a pink color in a basic medium. As the acid is added gradually, the solution turns colorless at end point.

Hence, the color change exhibited by phenolphthalein during a titration of aqueous acetic acid with aqueous sodium hydroxide is pink to colorless.

Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/2728613

A teacher is giving a lecture on the changes in world population over the last decade. Which is the best visual aid for
the teacher to use?
O a bar graph
O a map
• a line graph
O a diagram

Answers

I would personally answer with a line graph because it’s visually appealing and easy to understand.

Answer:

The correct answer would be C.) a line graph

Explanation:

I just did the assignment on edge 2020 and got it right

Does a reaction occur when aqueous solutions of ammonium carbonate and chromium(III) nitrate are combined? yesno If a reaction does occur, write the net ionic equation. Use the solubility rules provided in the OWL Preparation Page to determine the solubility of compounds. Use the pull-down boxes to specify states such as (aq) or (s). If a box is not needed leave it blank.

Answers

Answer:

3 CO₃²⁻(aq) + 2 Cr³⁺(aq) ⇒ Cr₂(CO₃)₃(s)

Explanation:

Let's consider the molecular equation that occurs when aqueous solutions of ammonium carbonate and chromium(III) nitrate are combined.

3 (NH₄)₂CO₃(aq) + 2 Cr(NO₃)₃(aq) ⇒ 6 NH₄NO₃(aq) + Cr₂(CO₃)₃(s)

The complete ionic equation includes all the ions and insoluble species.

6 NH₄⁺(aq) + 3 CO₃²⁻(aq) + 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 6 NO₃⁻(aq) ⇒ 6 NH₄⁺(aq) + 6 NO₃⁻(aq) + Cr₂(CO₃)₃(s)

The net ionic equation includes only the ions that participate in the reaction and the insoluble species.

3 CO₃²⁻(aq) + 2 Cr³⁺(aq) ⇒ Cr₂(CO₃)₃(s)

A solution of acetic acid is prepared in water by adding 11.1 g of sodium acetate to a volumetric flask and bringing the volume to 1.0 L with water. The final pH is measured to be 5.25. What are the concentrations of acetate and acetic acid in solution? (Assume that the temperature of the solution is 25 degrees Celsius)

Answers

Answer:

Molarity acetate: 0.1353M

Molarity acetic acid: 0.0418M

Explanation:

When in solution you have a weak acid (Acetic acid) and its conjugate base (sodium acetate) a buffer is produced. The pH of this buffer is obtained using the H-H equation:

pH = pKa + log [A⁻] / [HA]

Where pH is pH of the solution = 5.25

pKa is pKa of acetic buffer = 4.74

[A⁻] is molarity of acetate ion - Molar mass sodium acetate: 82.03g/mol-:

11.1g * (1mol / 82.03g) = 0.1353moles A⁻ / 1.0L = 0.1353M

And [HA] are moles of acetic acid.

Solving for HA:

5.25 = 4.74 + log [0.1353] / [HA]

0.51 =  log [0.1353] / [HA]

3.236 = [0.1353] / [HA]

[HA] = 0.1353M / 3.236

[HA] = 0.0418M

I need help click the image please help

Answers

Answer:

Answer:

a plant cell

Explanation:

because the chrolopast is green

Explanation:

what is filtration??​

Answers

Answer:

the action or process of filtering something.

Explanation:

Filtration is a physical, biological or chemical operation that separates solid matter and fluid from a mixture with a filter medium that has a complex structure through which only the fluid can pass.

What is the change in the internal energy of a system that does 100 joules of
work and absorbs 1,000 joules of heat?

Answers

Answer:900j

Explanation:

Please Help!!
Nitrogen gas can be prepared by passing ammonia over copper(II) oxide, and the other products are copper metal and water vapor. If a sample containing 3.58 moles of NH₃ is reacted with excess copper(II) oxide, how many grams of N₂ will be formed?

Answers

Mass of N₂ will be formed : 50.12 g

Further explanation

Reaction

2 NH₃(g) + 3 CuO(s) → N₂(g) + 3 Cu(s) + 3 H₂O(g)

moles NH₃ = 3.58

ratio mol NH₃ : mol N₂ = 2 : 1

so mol N₂ :

[tex]\tt \dfrac{1}{2}\times 3.58=1.79[/tex]

mass N₂ (MW=28 g/mol) :

[tex]\tt 1.79\times 28=50.12~g[/tex]

Other Questions
Giving BRAINLIEST Select the table that represents a linear function. (Graph them if necessary.)A.x0123y0258B.x0123y8675C.x0123y10974D.x0123y11852 Identifying Slope and Y-intercept (WordProblems)Alimousine service charges a $35 flat rate fee plus $2.50 per mileif traveled. Identify the slope and y-intercept.Identifying slope and y- intercept have a nice day! and guudnight!!for the best quote gets brainliest! Write out everything. Fill in the blank.1. _____ volunteered to lead westerners campaign and surveyor along the Ohio and Kentucky rivers.2. _______ a young French man bought his own ship and arrive in America in 1777.3. I was dressed as a man and fought in served battles, who I am?_____.4. The ______ were _____ foreign soldiers who fought not out of loyalty, but for pay.5. Patriot troops led by ________ captured Montreal in _____.6. ______ an experience military officer and train the American troops.7. On October 11, 1777, ______ was forced to surrender his entire army to General Horatio Gates.8. The Continental army was running very low on ___ and ___.Write these two questions in a complete sentence.1. Why did the Patriots called John Paul Jones a naval hero?2. What Marquis de Lafayette did to help support the Patriots in the Revolution o.1. Whywas Russia in such a rush to industrialize in the mid 1800s A report that lists accounts and their balances, in which the total debit balances should equal the total credit balances, is called a(n):____________. a. Account balance. b. Trial balance. c. Ledger. d. Chart of accounts. e. General Journal. A new version of your operating system is released with several changes made to the transport layer protocols. Specifically, TCP has been removed completely but UDP was not changed. What specific changes must be made to your application to accomodate these changes? how did the Atlantic slave trade lead to the African diasporaplz help will give brailiest for best answer un automovil tiene ruedas de 80 cm de diametro el automovil avanca 10 metros en 5 segundos a velocidad constante likewise 133 degree is equal to 87 degree in the second at what temperature will both thermometer read the same In the article, Invasion of the Periodical Cicadas, why do scienctists believe that cicadas only reproduce every 13 or 17 years? Explain your answer with evidence from the text. You have eight more dogs than cats. You have 2 fewer chickens than dogs. You have three fewer guinea pigs than cats. If you have a total of 59 pets, write an equation that would help you find how many of each pet you have. Describe what the variable represents (Let __ represent...). John Smith, a U.S. based businessman, paid the equivalent of $20 to an official of the country of Murundi to expedite the overnight delivery of critical documents. When questioned, John Smith claimed this was not a bribe. The $20 is an example of_______a. a bribe. b. an under-the-table payment. c. a violation of the Foreign corrupt practices act. d. a grease payment. e. an inappropriate payment. As Sheila walked home from school, the wind gripped her in its frigid fingertips. What is being personified? in columbus by Joaquin Miller how did the poet use literature techniques to reveal the speakers point of view If the family will not budget their family resources or their efficiently what will happen? imagine a trader buys a put option on a stock with a strike price of 500 and pays a premium of 25. what is the traders break-even point g Who wants to help with 7th grade math? 10 points (i put in 20 points) 3. What health resources are available at your school? List at least three. a)b)c)4. In what circumstances would you use each resource at your school? a)b)c) The IQ scores of the middle 50% of a population can be written as the one aboveWhere x is a persons IQ. Solve the inequality to find the IQ scores for the middle 50% of the population.