A business is considered carbon neutral if it has net zero carbon emissions, meaning that it has balanced its GHG emissions with an equivalent amount of GHG reductions or removals.
To determine if a business is carbon neutral, the following steps can be taken:
Measure the business's GHG emissions: The first step is to quantify the business's GHG emissions using a carbon footprint calculator or other relevant software. This will allow the business to understand the sources and levels of its GHG emissions.Offset remaining emissions: If the business has not already reduced its GHG emissions to zero through internal actions, it can offset its remaining emissions by purchasing carbon credits or supporting projects that remove GHGs from the atmosphere.Verify and report: The business should have its carbon-neutral status verified by a third party, such as a certification body. It should also report its GHG emissions and carbon offsets publicly, to demonstrate its commitment to sustainability and transparency.Learn more about carbon-neutral business here;
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the following data were obtained for the variation of vmax with ph for a reaction catalyzed by a-amylase at 24 oc. what can you conclude about the pka values of the ionizing groups at the active site?
A side chain of aspartate next to a side chain of glutamate inside a hydrophobic pocket.
What is hydrophobic and example?Hydrophobic substances are composed of non-polar molecules that repel bodies of water and attract other neutral molecules and non-polar solvents. Examples of these molecules are alkanes, oils and fats in general.
Why is water a hydrophobic?These two properties of water, namely its polarity and its ability to form strong hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules is what leads to the hydrophobic interactions. Due to the polarity of water, water can dissolve other polar molecules because it can readily form hydrogen bonds with them
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Categorize the compounds below as meso or non-meso species. 10th attempt See Periodic Table See Hint Items (6 images) (Drag and drop into the appropriate area below) mon Categories Meso Compounds Non-Meso Compounds Drag and drop here Drag and drop here U7 QueSLIUI 11 point Categorize the compounds below as meso or non-meso species. 10th attempt See Periodic Table See Hint Items (6 images) /Drag and drop into the appropriate area below) OH Categories Meso Compounds Non-Meso Compounds Drag and droghere
The compounds in below image categorized as meso or non-meso species.
What is meso compound ?A meso compound or meso isomer is one of a group of stereoisomers, at least two of which are optically active, but not the others. This indicates that the molecule is not chiral even though it has two or more stereocenters. The mirror image of a meso compound can be "superposed" on it.
A molecule with many identical stereocenters and an identical or superimposable mirror image is referred to as a meso complex. Enantiomers: Non-superimposable mirror copies of one another, enantiomers are optical isomers.
Thus, The compounds in below image categorized as meso or non-meso species.
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Automobiles and trucks pollute the air with NO. At 2000.0°C, Kc for the reaction At 2000.0°C Kc = 4.100 × 10–4 and ?H° = 180.6 kJ. What is the value of Kc at 39.00°C?
Automobiles and trucks pollute the air with NO. At 2000.0°C, Kc for the reaction At 2000.0°C Kc = 4.100 × 10–4 and H° = 180.6 kJ. 3.3396 * 10⁻³⁰ is the value of Kc at 39.00°C.
What is reaction ?When atoms establish or break chemical bonds, chemical processes take place. Reactants are the substances that begin a chemical reaction, while products are the compounds that are created as a result of the reaction.
In a chemical reaction, reactants undergo a chemical reaction and transform into products through a chemical process. For instance, when humans breathe in oxygen, it combines with glucose to create carbon dioxide, water, and energy. The response is provided below. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy.
ln ( K₂ / K1 ) = ( 1 / T1 - 1 / T₂)
K₂ is rate constant at temperture T₂
K₁ is rate constant at temperature T₁
K₁ = 4.100 × 10–4
T₂ = 321 K
ΔH = 180.6 kJ
R = 8.314 mole ⁻¹
Ln ( K₂ / 4.100 × 10–4 ) = 180.6 * 10 ³ / 8.314 ( 1 / 2273 - 1 / 312 )
= - 60.066
K₂ = 3.3396 * 10⁻³⁰
Thus, 3.3396 * 10⁻³⁰ is the value of Kc at 39.00°C.
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The Kc value for the reaction at 39 degree celsius can be determined using the Clausius - Clapeyron equation. The Kc value is obtained to be 2.3 × 10⁻⁴.
What is Clausius -Clapeyron equation ?The Clausius -Clapeyron equation is used find the reaction constant at two different temperatures using the expression written below:
[tex]\rm ln \frac{K _{2}}{K_{1}} =\frac{ H^{0} }{R} [\frac{1}{T_{1}} -\frac{1}{T_{2}} ][/tex]
Where, R is the universal gas constant, H be the enthalpy of the reaction.
Given that T1 = 39 °C
T2 = 2000 °C
H° = 180.6 kJ.
K2 = 4.1 × 10⁻⁴.
Then ln ( 4.1 × 10⁻⁴/ K1) = 180.6 kJ/ 8.314 J/°C [1/39 - 1/2000]
K1 = 2.3 × 10⁻⁴.
Therefore, the Kc value at a temperature of 39 degree Celsius is 2.3 × 10⁻⁴.
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20. Construct a model of, 1-propanol, C3H7OH.... 20. Construct a model of, 1-propanol, C3H7OH. 21. What is the molecular geometry on each carbon and the oxygen of C3H7OH? 22. Construct a model of, 2-propanol, C3H7OH. 23. We see that 1-propanol and 2-propanol have the same molecular formula, C3H7OH, but different molecular structures. What is the name for molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas (different shapes)?
Its structure is linear for propane. The final carbon atom is joined to the functional group OH. Isomers are variations of compounds that share the same chemical formula but have various atomic configurations. The image of propan 1 ol and propan 2 ol is attached below.
What is propanol ?A primary alcohol having the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2OH, propan-1-ol is also known as prOH or n-PrOH. It is an isomer of 2-propanol and a colourless liquid.
Acrolein, commonly referred to as propenal or acrylic aldehyde, is a member of the enals class of chemical compounds. These have the typical chemical formula RC=C-CH=O and are alpha, beta unsaturated aldehydes, where the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to the C=C double bond at the alpha beta position.
Thus, Its structure is linear for propane. The final carbon atom is joined to the functional group OH. Isomers are variations of compounds that share the same chemical formula but have various atomic configurations.
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What is the freezing point depression of water in a solution of 17.1 g of sucrose?
The freezing point depression of of 17.1 grams of sucrose in 500.0 grams of water is −0.186°C.
A solution's freezing point is lower than that of the pure solvent's.
The term "freezing point depression" is used to describe this phenomena.
DT = (Kf) is the formula for the freezing point depression (m)
The freezing point depression is represented by T f = T° f - ΔT
The pure solvent's freezing point is T°f.
The solution's freezing point is ΔTf.
Kf is the solvent's molal freezing point depression constant.
The value of Kf is typical for the particular solvent.
Kf is measured in °C/m units.
The solution's molality is given by m.
m is the amount of solute per kilogram of solvent.
m = kilogram of solvent/moles of solute
The molecular weight of sucrose is
12(12.01) + 22(1.01) + 11(16.00) = 342.34 g/mole
The number of moles of Sucrose = 17.1 / 342.34 = 0.05moles
and the concentration of the solution in moles per kilogram of water is
0.05 moles / 0.500 kg H₂O = 0.1 molal
By taking the freezing point constant for water as 1.86
Δ T f = 1.86°C/m × 0.1 m
Δ T f = 0.186
Because the freezing point of pure water is 0°C, the sucrose solution freezes at –0.186°C.
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Complete Question -
What is the freezing point depression of of 17.1 grams of sucrose
(C12H22O11) in 500.0 grams of water?
What is the freezing point of a solution containing 8.1 g HBr in 100g water assuming?
The freezing point of the solution is -3.53°C.
The Chemical equation of the HBr is -
HBr → H⁺ + Br ⁻
Initial - 1 0 0
Final - 1-α α α
The total moles = 1 - α + α + α
= 1 + α
half factor = i = Total mol / Initial mol
= 1 + α / 1
= 1 + α
Now, Evolution in freezing point
ΔT f = i Kf m
kf = 1.86 (given)
m(molality = mass of solute / solvent (Kg))
Δ T f = (1 + α) × 1.86 × (mass/molar mass ) / solvent
[ α = 90/100 = 0.9 because 90% ionised]
putting the values in above equation -
= (1 + 0.9) × 1.86 × (8.1 × 1000) / 81 × 100(gm)
ΔT = 3.53°C
Then freezing point T f = T° f - ΔT
= 0 - 3.53°C
T f = -3.53°C
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Complete Question -
What is the freezing point of a solution containing 8.1 g HBr in 100gm. water assuming the acid to be 90% ionised:
[Kf for water =1.86Kmolarity^−1 ]
the isotope of an atom containing 40 protons and 51 neutrons suddenly has two neutrons added to it. what isotope is created? responses zirconium-93 zirconium-93 zirconium-53 zirconium-53 antimony-93 antimony-93 antimony-53
An isotope is generated when two neutrons are abruptly added to an atom with 40 protons & 51 neutrons. Zirconium-93.
How long does zirconium 93 last in half?Zirconium-93 decays into niobium-93m (the "m" stands for metastable), which then undergoes an isomeric shift with a half-life of 14 years and emits a beta particle with such a half-life of 1.5 million years.
Where does zirconium come from?It is used to create furnace linings, casting bricks, abrasives, and crucibles that can survive heat shock, as well as by the glass & ceramics industries.
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One event in a high school track meet is the 400 meter run. If the runners of the 400
meter event start and end at the same location, what is their DISTANCE?
0 meters
© 200 meters
0 400 meters
800 meters
Answer:
400 meters
Explanation:
Distance is the amount traveled. It doesn't matter if the runners start and end in the same place for distance, they still travel 400 meters.
How many molecules of gold are in a gold ring that has a mass of 8.87 g
We are aware that one Avogadro constant (N a=6.022*1023; Na =6.022*1023 ) equals one mole of any substance. Since MM=197 g/mol --> n= 8.87 g/197 g/mol 0.450*10-2 mol in this instance.
When given a mass, how do you calculate the number of molecules?Determine the substance's molecular weight in units of one mole, then divide the molar mass value by the molecular mass, and multiply the result by the Avogadro constant to get the required number of molecules.
What constituents of gold are there?Auric chloride (AuCl3) and chloroauric acid are the most prevalent gold compounds (HAuCl4). Aqua regia is a solution made by combining one component of nitric acid with three parts of hydrochloric acid (because it dissolved gold, the King of Metals).
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Compare and interpret the infrared spectra of 4-methylcyclohexene and 4-methylcyclohexanol.
The IR spectrum of ethene is rather simple due to its simple structure.
How will you interpret the IR spectra of ethene?The interpretation of infrared spectra involves the connection of absorption bands in the spectrum of an unknown composite with the known absorption density for types of bonds,
The right-hand part of the infrared spectrum of ethane, wavenumbers ~1500 to 400 cm-1 is examined in the fingerprint region. This is a very neat tool for interpreting IR spectra.
So we can conclude that Interpretation of the infrared spectrum of ethene There are osmosis bands at ~1400 cm-1 due to scissoring H-C-H vibrations and ~3100 cm-1 from H-C-H
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Draw a Lewis diagram for the ether C2H5OC2H5. • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one. С ору P aste * С С ChemDoodle
Here is a Lewis structure for the ether [tex]C_2H_5OC_2H_5[/tex]:
C
|
H-C-H
|
O-C-H
|
H-C-H
|
H
Each carbon atom has four valence electrons and each hydrogen atom has one valence electron. The oxygen atom has six valence electrons. In the Lewis structure, the valence electrons are represented as dots and the chemical bonds between atoms are represented as lines. The Lewis structure shows that there are two C-H bonds and one C-O bond in the ether molecule.
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arrange the four compounds according to ????max.
To arrange the four compounds according to lambda max, you will need to know the lambda max values for each compound. Lambda max is the wavelength at which a compound absorbs the most light, and is a measure of the compound's color.
Here is the list of compounds (as an example), arranged in decreasing order of lambda max:
Compound A: If the lambda max for Compound A is the highest of the four compounds, it will be first in the list.Compound B: If the lambda max for Compound B is higher than that of Compound C and Compound D, but lower than that of Compound A, it will be second in the list.Compound C: If the lambda max for Compound C is higher than that of Compound D, but lower than that of Compound A and Compound B, it will be third in the list.Compound D: If the lambda max for Compound D is the lowest of the four compounds, it will be fourth in the list.Without knowing the specific lambda max values for the four compounds, it is not possible to accurately arrange them according to lambda max.
Since the question was not complete and nowhere to be found, the answer is general. However, the solution is given with an example to make it simpler for you to solve.
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Predict the charge that a strontium ion would have. 2- 2+ 4- 6-
Is starch an ionic or covalent compound?
Starch is a covalent compound because no ions is present in it.
A covalent bond is made from the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms. These electrons in a covalent bond are simultaneously attracted by the two atomic nuclei. A covalent bond is formed when the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is too small for an electron transfer to occur and to form ions.
Starch is composed of long chains of glucose molecules that are bonded together through covalent bonds called glycosidic bonds. As starch contains covalent bonds it it, so it is a covalent compound.
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Use bond enthalpies to estimate the enthalpy change for each of the following reactions.
H2C=O(g)+HCl(g)→H3C−O−Cl(g)
H2O2(g)+2CO(g)→H2(g)+2CO2(g)
3H2C=CH2(g)→C6H12(g)
The enthalpy changes for each of the following reactions are:
H2C=O(g)+HCl(g)→H3C−O−Cl(g) = 256kJH2O2(g)+2CO(g)→H2(g)+2CO2(g) = 636kJ3H2C=CH2(g)→C6H12(g) = -164kJThe difference between total reactant and total product molar enthalpies estimated for substances in their standard states is the standard enthalpy of reaction for a chemical process. The quantity of heat evolved or absorbed in a process under constant pressure is referred to as enthalpy change. It is assigned the symbol ΔH, interpreted as "delta H".
Enthalpy is the product of internal energy and pressure multiplied by volume. We can't measure a system's enthalpy, but we can look at variations in enthalpy. The sum of internal energy (U) and the product of pressure (P) and volume (V) equals enthalpy (H) (V). The system's heat added or lost is quantified as a change in enthalpy (H), not the actual amount of heat.
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Why water is an ampotalic specie
The oxygen atom in the water molecule has two lone pairs, one of which could be used to form a bond with a proton and, therefore, the water molecule could act as a base in a reaction. Since water has the potential to act both as an acid and as a base, water is amphoteric.
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If a ball is bounced from a building which ball is the Kinetic energy the highest? (photo attached) [i was stuck because one of the balls hit the ground and bounced back up]
Answer: The place where the kinetics energy is the highest is where the ball struck the ground.
Soil is a mixture of _______. A. Solidsb. Solids, liquids, and gasesc. Solids and liquidsd. Solids and gases please select the best answer from the choices providedabcd.
Answer: What is soil? In short, soil is a mixture of minerals, dead and living organisms (organic materials), air, and water.
Explanation:
Soil is a mixture of solids, liquids, and gases. Therefore, option B is correct.
What do you mean by soil ?Broken-down organic matter termed humus, living creatures, and broken-down rocks and minerals make up soil. Humus is nutrient-rich, squishy, and black.
Soil is a heterogeneous combination because it is made up of tiny fragments of various components. Water is an object. Water is a compound because it contains both hydrogen and oxygen. The substance oxygen is an element.
In addition to a porous phase that contains water and gases, soil consists of a solid phase made up of minerals and organic matter. The three states of soil are thus solids, liquids, and gases.
Thus, option B is correct.
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What mass of precipitate should form if 7.79 g of silver nitrate in solution is reacted with excess sodium sulfide solution?
The mass of precipitate that should form if 7.79 g of silver nitrate in solution is reacted with excess sodium sulfide solution is 7.98 g.
What is a precipitate?A precipitate is an insoluble substance formed at the end of a chemical reaction that involves the reaction between two soluble substances.
The precipitate comes out of the solution and settles at the bottom of the reaction vessel such as a test tube.
The equation of the precipitation is given below:
2 AgNO₃ (s) + Na₂S (aq) ---> Ag₂S (s) + 2 NaNO₃ (aq)
The molar mass of AgNO₃ is 170 g
The molar mass of Ag₂S is 246 g/mol
2 * 170 g of AgNO₃ produces 246 g of Ag₂S
7.79 g of AgNO₃ will produces7.79 * 246/240 = 7.98 g of Ag₂S precipitate.
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What is the formula of ratio of speed?
The basic formula says: Speed= Distance/Time . From this formula, it is evident that speed is directly proportional to distance and inversely proportional to time.
What is speed?
In everyday use and kinematics, the velocity of an object (commonly denoted by v) is the rate of change of position over time, or the rate of change of position per unit time. Therefore it is a scalar quantity. Average velocity of an object within a time interval is the distance traveled by the object divided by the duration of the interval Instantaneous velocity is the limit of average velocity when the duration of the time interval approaches zero. Velocity is not the same as speed.
The basic formula says: Speed= Distance/Time . From this formula, it is evident that speed is directly proportional to distance and inversely proportional to time.
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isopropyl alcohol (c3h8o) is a common solvent found in household bathrooms (in a water solution). in it's purer form it is also flammable. what does the unbalanced combustion of isopropyl alcohol with insufficient oxygen look like?
Answer: ur mom
Explanation:
u don’t know she could be hot
For each item: classify organic or inorganic. NaCl: . phenol (C6H6;O): . C2H6: . Ca3(PO4)2: . formaldehyde (CH20): . MgCO3:
The correct classification of the following compounds are as follows:
NaCl: inorganic compoundPhenol (C₆H₆O): organic compoundC₂H₆: organic compoundCa₃(PO₄)₂: inorganic compoundFormaldehyde (CH₂0): organic compoundMgCO₃: inorganic compoundWhat are organic compound?Organic compound are any compound containing carbon atoms covalently bound to other atoms most commonly hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen.
Inorganic compounds are those not containing carbon atoms or containing carbon atoms ionically bound to other atoms.
However, not all carbon-containing compounds are organic. For example, carbon dioxide is an inorganic compound; although it has a carbon atom it has no C-C or C-H bonds.
Therefore, the classification of organic and inorganic compounds is as illustrated above.
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What happens to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen?
Pyruvate undergoes fermentation, which transforms it into lactic acid inside the absence of oxygen.
The breakdown of the drug occurs throughout this process. similar to how pyruvate is converted into lactic acid.
An organic acid contains lactic acid. Its chemical formula is CH 3CH(OH)COOH.
It serves as a synthesis precursor inside a number of biochemical as well as molecular synthesis industries.
The final result of the glycolysis pathway, pyruvate, is transformed into lactic acid inside the lack of oxygen.
Glycolysis
The process through which glucose gets broken down to provide energy is known as glycolysis.
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Predict the major product in the reaction shown below. AlCl3
To solve this, we must know each and every concept related to friedel-crafts alkylation reaction. Therefore, the correct option is option E among all the given options.
What is Friedel craft reaction?The Friedel-Crafts synthesis is just an aromatic chemical method in which an electrophilic substitution substitution takes place. The hydrogen in benzene is replaced by an electrophile in the vicinity of a Lewis acid, like anhydrous aluminium chloride.
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation is a chemical process in which the proton of an aromatic molecule is replaced with an alkyl. This reaction happens when there is anhydrous aluminum chloride. Anhydrous aluminium chloride can be replaced with other Lewis acids, like FeCl[tex]_3[/tex].
Therefore, the correct option is option E.
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In order to heat a round bottom flask in a heating mantle, plug the heating mantle into: _________
In order to heat a round bottom flask in a heating mantle, plug the heating mantle into a variac or powermite.
A chemical process which typically involves the transformation or rearrangement of the atomic, ionic or molecular structure of an element through the breakdown and formation of chemical bonds to produce a new compound or substance is known as a chemical reaction.
In order to heat a round bottom flask in a heating mantle we have to plug the heating mantle into a Variac or Powermite which is typically used for controlling the temperature level. Turn the heat up gradually, and do not exceed 50-60% of the maximum output of the device, it advised to do so to avoid any electrical issues such as overloading, short-circuit etc.
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What is the final step in the enzyme-substrate complex?
In the final step of the enzyme substrate complex, the product leaves the active site of the enzyme .
The whole process of enzyme substrate complex is a temporary molecule formed when an enzyme comes into perfect contact with its substrate. Without its substrate an enzyme is a slightly different shape. The substrate causes a conformational change when the substrate enters the active site. The active site is the area of the enzyme capable of forming weak bonds with the substrate. some enzyme functions independently. This shape change can force two or more substrate molecules together or split individual molecules into smaller parts. Most reactions that cells use to stay alive require the actions of enzymes to happen fast enough to be useful. It is influenced by temperature and pH.
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What has a Gibbs free energy of 0?
Pure elements has Gibbs free energy equal to 0.
The Gibbs free energy is a concept in chemistry specially of thermodynamics. The maximum amount of work that can be accomplished at a constant temperature and pressure by a closed system can be calculated using the Gibbs free energy (also known as Gibbs energy; symbol: denoted as delta G). Additionally, it offers a prerequisite for any processes like chemical reactions that might take place in such circumstances.
When a system achieves equilibrium without being pushed by an input electrolytic voltage, the Gibbs energy is the thermodynamic potential that is reduced. At the equilibrium point, its derivative w.r.t. the system's reaction coordinate vanishes.
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Draw the major, neutral organic product obtained if: the reaction proceeds by the SN1 mechanism the reaction proceeds by the SN2 mechanism. Draw the major, neutral organic product for each substitution reaction below. (For this question, assume that each substitution reaction goes to completion. Disregard elimination.)
There are so many types of chemical reaction reaction like combination reaction, double displacement reaction, nucleophilic substitution reaction etc. Therefore, the product formed is 2-ethyl-butan-2-ol and 3 methyl- pentan-2-ol respectively.
What is nucleophilic substitution reaction?One nucleophile substitutes another in a family of organic reactions known as nucleophilic substitution reactions.
SN1 is a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Leaving group, a nucleophile, electrophile and a solvent are present. Two types of enantiomers can be formed in the reaction depending on the preference of the nucleophile. The first step is the slowest because a bond is being broken to form carbocation. The product is 2-ethyl-butan-2-ol. If attack is via SN2 then the product formed is 3 methyl- pentan-2-ol.
Therefore, the product formed is 2-ethyl-butan-2-ol and 3 methyl- pentan-2-ol respectively.
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What would be the freezing point of an aqueous solution containing 17g of c2h5oh in 1000g of water?
The freezing point of an aqueous solution containing 17g of c2h5oh in 1000g of water −0.69 degree celcius
What is freezing point?
When the temperature of a liquid falls below its freezing point, it transforms into a solid. According to the internationally accepted definition, freezing is the solidification phase change of a liquid or the liquid content of a substance caused by cooling.
Most substances have the same melting and freezing points; however, certain substances have different solid-liquid transition temperatures. Agar, for example, exhibits hysteresis in its melting and freezing points. It melts at 85 °C (185 °F) and solidifies at 32 °C to 40 °C (89.6 °F to 104 °F).
Hence, the freezing point of an aqueous solution containing 17g of c2h5oh in 1000g of water −0.69 degree celsius
△T f = K f × m B ×w A. w B ×1000
=1.86× 46×100017×1000
=0.69
∴ Freezing point of solution =0−0.69=−0.69 degree celsius
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Sequence Determination of the Brain Peptide Leucine Enkephalin A group of peptides that influence nerve transmission in certain parts of the brain has been isolated from normal brain tissue. These peptides are known as opioids, because they bind to specific receptors that also bind opiate drugs, such as morphine and naloxone. Opioids thus mimic some of the properties of opiates. Some researchers consider these peptides to be the brain�s own pain killers. Using the information below, determine the amino acid sequence of the opioid leucine enkephalin. Explain how your structure is consistent with each piece of information.(a) Complete hydrolysis by 6 M HCl at 110 C followed by amino acid analysis indicated the presence of Gly, Leu,Phe, and Tyr, in a 2:1:1:1 molar ratio.(b) Treatment of the peptide with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene followed by complete hydrolysis and chromatography indicated the presence of the 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivative of tyrosine. No free tyrosine could be found.(c) Complete digestion of the peptide with chymopepsin followed by chromatography yielded free tyrosine and leucin plus a tripeptide containing Phe and Gly in a 1:2 ratio.
Option C) "are digested by proteases into both opiate and non-opiate peptides" is the correct response.
Like all other propeptides, the opioid propeptides is a protein precursor that must be cut into a smaller form to become active. Proteases convert the opioid propeptides into opiate and non-opiate peptides, the latter of which may or may not be active. Enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins, which are opiate peptides, work by blocking secondary systems, such as those that affect how pain is perceived.
The opioid receptors are essential signalling molecules in the brain that the leucine-enkephalin binds to. They include four peptide bonds in total. These are naturally occurring ligands that function as neurotransmitters and have morphine-like properties.
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