Answer:
D.) electrons are gained and lost.
Explanation:
Redox reactions involve the change in oxidation states of the reactants. Oxidized molecules lose electrons whereas reduced molecules gain electrons. In redox reactions, the oxidation number of oxidized molecules decreases and increases in reduced molecules.
How will the reaction rate of the SN1 reaction change if the electrophile is switched from the tertiary electrophile to a secondary electrophile in which the methyl group is removed from the alpha carbon
The reaction rate of the SN1 reaction change if the electrophile is switched from the tertiary electrophile to a secondary electrophile will decrease.
SN1 exhibits substitution, nucleophilicity, and monomolecular reaction, and is expressed by the expression rate = k [R-LG]. This means that the rate-determining step of the mechanism depends on the degradation of a single molecular species. Multi-step reactions include intermediates and multiple transition states (TS).
The SN1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the nucleophile replaces the leaving group (similar to SN2). However, the SN1 reaction is a single molecule. The rate of this reaction depends on the concentration of only one reactant.
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1. What is the pH of a solution with a [H3O+] concentration of 4.32 x 10-2 M?
Is the solution acidic, basic or neutral?
Considering the definition of pH, the pH is 1.36 and since it is lower than 7, the solution is acidic.
Definition of pHpH is the Hydrogen Potential. It is a measure of acidity or alkalinity that indicates the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution or substance.
Mathematically, pH is calculated as the negative base 10 logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions:
pH= - log [H⁺]= - log [H₃O⁺]
Numerical scale of pHThe numerical scale that measures the pH of substances includes the numbers from 0 to 14. The pH value 7 corresponds to neutral substances. Acidic substances are those with a pH lower than 7, while basic substances have a pH higher than 7.
pH in this caseIn this case, a solution has a [H₃O⁺] concentration of 4.32×10⁻² M. You can replace this value in the definition of pH:
pH= -log (4.32×10⁻² M)
Solving:
pH= 1.36
Finally, the pH is 1.36 and since it is lower than 7, the solution is acidic.
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Calculate the values of ΔU, ΔH, and ΔS for the following process:
1 mole of liquid water at 25 C and 1 atm ➡️ 1 mole of steam at 100 C and 1 atm
The molar heat of vaporization of water at 373 K is 40.79 kJ mol-1, and molar heat capacity of water is 75.3 J K-1 mol-1. Assume molar heat capacity to be temperature independent and ideal-gas behavior.
The values of the changes are
ΔH = 46.44kJ
Δu = 43.34Kj
ΔS = 126.6 J/K
How to find change in H= 1 mol + 75.3 (100 + 273) - 25 + 273 + 1 * 40.79
= 5.6475 + 40.79
= 46.44kJ
How to find change in S
1 mol + 75.3 x ln 373/298 + 1 mol x 40.79
= 0.1263
ΔS = 126.6 J/K
How to find the change in U46.44 - 0.00831 * 373
= 43.34Kj
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Using a chemical equation to find moles of product from moles of reactant
Answer:
0.86 moles H₂O
Explanation:
To solve this problem, it is important to first determine the balanced chemical equation. The balanced equation is necessary as it will provide the mole-to-mole ratio needed to convert between moles O₂ and moles H₂O.
The unbalanced equation:
C₈H₁₈ (l) + O₂ (g) ---> CO₂ (g) + H₂O (g)
Reactants: 8 carbon, 18 hydrogen, 2 oxygen
Products: 1 carbon, 2 hydrogen, 3 oxygen
As you can see, the equation is not balanced because there are unequal amounts of each element on both sides. Balancing the equation is a matter of guessing-and-checking to see which combination of coefficients work.
The balanced equation:
2 C₈H₁₈ (l) + 25 O₂ (g) ---> 16 CO₂ (g) + 18 H₂O (g)
Reactants: 16 carbon, 36 hydrogen, 50 oxygen
Products: 16 carbon, 36 hydrogen, 50 oxygen
Now that the equation is balanced, we can use the coefficients of O₂ and H₂O to construct our mole-to-mole ratio and perform our conversion. The final answer should have 2 sig figs to match the given value (1.2 moles). The state of matter is most likely not necessary to include in your final answer.
1.2 moles O₂ 18 moles H₂O
--------------------- x ----------------------- = 0.86 moles H₂O
25 moles O₂
What does percent composition tell you about a molecule?
®
A. It tells
you the ratio of elements in the molecular formula.
•
B. It gives you the total number of atoms in the molecule.
•
C. It tells you how much of a molecule IS made up of each element.
•
D. It tells
you how the elements are arranged in the molecule.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Answer:
The awnser is C: it tells you how much of a molecule IS up of each element.
Which ideas held by the ancient Greeks have been at least partially supported by scientific experiments, calculations, and observations made throughout history?
The ideas held by the ancient Greeks have been at least partially supported by scientific experiments include:
Light is a wave or disturbance that travels through spaces in the air.Light is a substance carrying particles that flow from a light source.What is Wave-particle duality?This is a phenomenon in which a quantum entity can be referred to as a wave or a particle.
An example is light which has this feature and has been severally proven through series of experiments such as photoelectric effects etc.
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a satellite with a mass of 100kg fires it’s engines to increase velocity, thereby increasing the size of its orbit around the earth. as a result it moves from a circular orbit if radius 7.5x10^6 m to an orbit of radius 7.7x10^6 m. what is the approximate change in gravitational force from the earth as a result of this change in the satellites orbit?
The approximate change in gravitational force from Earth as a result of the change in radius of the satellite's orbit is -95.07N
What is the universal law of gravitation?The universal law of gravitation states that the particle of matter in the universe attracts another particle with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
It is written thus;
F = G [tex]M_1M_2[/tex]÷ [tex]r^2[/tex]
Where
F = Gravitational force
G = Gravitational constant
[tex]M_1[/tex] and [tex]M_2[/tex] are the masses of the object
r = radius
How to calculate the gravitational force
Formula:
F = G [tex]M_1M_2[/tex]÷ [tex]r^2[/tex]
Given [tex]M_1[/tex] = 100kg
[tex]M_2[/tex] = 5.97 x[tex]10^{24}[/tex] kg
r = 7.5 x [tex]10^6[/tex] m
G = 6.67 x [tex]10^{-11}[/tex] N-m²/kg²
For the first orbit, substitute the values
F = 6.67 x [tex]10^{-11}[/tex]× 150 × 5.97 x [tex]10^{24}[/tex] ÷ (7.5 x[tex]10^6[/tex])[tex]^2[/tex]
F = 5.95 × [tex]10^{16}[/tex] ÷ 56.25 × [tex]10^{12}[/tex]= 105.77 N
For the second orbit of radius 7.7 x 10^6 m
F = 6.67 x [tex]10^{-11}[/tex] × 100 × 5.97 x [tex]10^{24}[/tex] ÷ (7.7 x [tex]10^6[/tex])2
F = 5.95 × [tex]10^{16}[/tex]÷ 59.25 × [tex]10^{12}[/tex] = 200. 84 N
The approximate change = 105. 77 - 200. 84 = -95.07N
Hence, the approximate change in gravitational force from Earth as a result of the change in radius of the satellite's orbit is -95.07N
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Why does solid substance occur less space than the same in it's gaseous form?
Because the molecules are more closely spaced, the solid occupies less space than the same substance when it is in a gaseous state.
What is the half-life of a radioisotope if it decays to 25% of its original activity in 7 yr?
Answer:
3.5 yrs
Explanation:
If a sample has decayed to 25%, this means 2 half-lives have passed. We are given this is equal to 7 yrs, and it follows that one half life is 3.5 yrs.
In the laboratory, a student adds 55.7 mL of water to 17.6 mL of a 0.718 M hydrobromic acid solution. What is the concentration of the diluted solution
Answer: The concentration of the diluted solution is 0.17M.
Explanation:
The equation for diluted solutions is shown as: [tex]M_{s} V_{s} =M_{d} V_{d}[/tex].
~M= Molarity (labeled as M)
~V=Volume (in L)
~s= stock solution (what you started with)
~d= diluted solution (what you finish with)
Now that we have that down, let's plug in our data!
[tex]0.718M*17.6mL=M_{d} *73.3mL[/tex]
(I put [tex]V_{d}[/tex] as 73.3 because you are adding 55.7mL to 17.6mL, meaning that you have to add that to get [tex]V_{d}[/tex]. In other words, [tex]17.6mL+55.7mL=73.3mL[/tex])
There is a little problem here though. The volume is not in liters. But no worries, we can just convert it by dividing it by 1000.
[tex]17.6mL/1000=0.0176L[/tex] [tex]73.3mL/1000=0.0733L[/tex]
Now that we have both volumes in liters, we can plug them in correctly.
[tex]0.178M*0.0176L=M_{d} *0.0733L[/tex]
[tex]M_{d} =\frac{0.718M*0.0176L}{0.0733L}[/tex] [tex]M_{d} =0.17M[/tex]
With all of this shown, we now know that the concentration of the diluted solution is 0.17M.
I hope this helps! Pls mark brainliest!! :)
If metals are deposited in streambeds ________ would probably be used. spoil bank mining open-pit mining placer mining strip mining underground mining
If metals are deposited in streambeds placer mining would probably be used. spoil bank mining open-pit mining placer mining strip mining underground mining
Placer miningA group of mining techniques known as placer mining make use of water to remove valuable minerals from the surrounding dirt. The first placer deposits were literally just flecks of gold in a slurry of sediment that could be retrieved by expert miners using only a dinner plate-sized pan and river water.In comparison to lode mining ore, small placers are also more simple to mine, and the ore often requires less processing.Gold's high density leads it to descend from running water more quickly than the lighter siliceous elements with which it is found, and placer mining takes use of this fact. Although the fundamentals of placer mining have not changed since its inception, techniques have significantly advanced.Learn more about metal here:
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please help im literally suffering
3. If the initial pressure of gas inside the balloon was 1.65 atm, what is the new pressure?
4. A weather balloon has a volume of 200.0 L at a pressure of 760 mm Hg. As it rises, the pressure decreases to 282 mm Hg.
a. Will the volume of the balloon increase or decrease? Why?
b. What is the new volume of the balloon? (Assume constant temperature).
5. A sample of gas kept at a constant pressure, is heated from 273 K to 373 K. If the initial volume is 3.00 L, what is the new volume?
6. A container of gas is heated from 250 K to 303 K. What is the new pressure if the initial pressure is 880 kPa? (Assume constant volume)
A 0.100 mole sample of gas is at a temperature of 85.0°C and a volume of 3.47 L. What is the pressure of the gas (in mm Hg)
The answers are as follows;
3 - 4.95 atm
4 - 539 L
5 - 4 L
What are the gas laws?The gas laws are used to establish the relationship between the pressure, volume, number of moles etc of a gas.
3.
V1 = 1.50 L
V2 = 0.50 L
P1 = 1.65 atm
P2 = ?
P1V1 = P2V2
P2 = P1V1 /V2
P2 = (1.50)(1.65) / (0.50)
P2 = 4.95 atm
4.
P1V1 = P2V2
P1 = 760 mm Hg
V1 = 200.0 L
P2 = 282 mm Hg
V2 = ?
V2 = P1V1/P2
V2 = 760 mm Hg * 200.0 L/282 mm Hg
V2 = 539 L
The volume of the gas increases because the pressure decreases.
5.
Using
V1/T1 = V2/T2
V1T2 =V2T1
V2 = V1T2/T1
V2 = 3.00 L * 373 K/ 273 K
V2 = 4 L
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A sample of ideal gas at room temperature occupies a volume of 27.0 L at a pressure of 242 torr . If the pressure changes to 1210 torr , with no change in the temperature or moles of gas, what is the new volume, V2 ? Express your answer with the appropriate units.
The New Volume is 5.4L
Boyle's law, also known as the Boyle-Mariotte law or Mariotte's law (particularly in France), is an experimental gas law that explains how a gas's pressure tends to drop as the capacity of the container increases.
A current formulation of Boyle's law is:
If the temperature and amount of gas remain constant in a closed system, the absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies.
Boyle's law can be expressed mathematically as either PV = k or P 1/V (Pressure is inversely proportional to volume) (Pressure multiplied by volume equals some constant k)
P1V1 = P2V2
P1 = 242
V1 = 27
P2 = 1210
V2 = (242*27)/1210
V2 = 5.4L
Hence the New Volume V2 is 4.5L
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what is the reaction for C + H₂ → CH4
Answer:
synthesis/combination
Explanation:
There are 5 main types of reactions.
combination/synthesis, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustion
synthesis/combination - A+B → AB
Decomposition - AB → A+B
single- replacement - A + BC → AC + B
double replacement - AB + CD → AD + CB
combustion - example - C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
If you wanted to balance this
the answer would be [tex]C + 2H_{2}[/tex] → [tex]CH_{4}[/tex]
Forms of a given element that have a different number of neutrons are called cosmic rays. True False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Forms of a given element that have a different number of neutrons are called isotopes.
Hypothesis:
Before you begin, predict how many compounds you can make from the elements below. Pick one element from the metal list and two from the nonmetal list.
For example, "If I use sodium, hydrogen, and oxygen, then I can make ten new compounds in five minutes."
Now, you try! Make a prediction. Be sure to record your prediction on your lab report.
Metal Nonmetal
• Sodium (Na)
• Calcium (Ca)
• Hydrogen (H)
• Oxygen (O)
• Carbon (C)
• Chlorine (Cl)
I can form two compounds if I combine calcium, hydrogen and oxygen in five minutes.
What is a compound?A compound is formed by the combination of atoms. It is important to note that the same atoms can be combined in different ways to produce new compounds.
I can form two compounds if I combine calcium, hydrogen and oxygen in five minutes.
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Al(OH)3 + 3HCl= AlCl3 + blank
Complete the equation so that it is a (Double displacement) reaction
Answer:
Al(OH)₃ + 3 HCl ----> AlCl₃ + 3 H₂O
Explanation:
In a double-displacement reaction, the cation of one compound is swapped with the cation of another. The basic structure of these reactions is:
AB + CD ----> AD + CB
In this reaction, the aluminum (Al) of Al(OH₃) is replaced by the hydrogen (H) of HCl, and vice versa.
The first resulting compound is AlCl₃. The chlorine has a subscript of 3 in order to eliminate the +3 charge from the Al cation (+3 + 3(-1) = 0). The second resulting compound is HOH, most commonly written as H₂O. There needs to be a coefficient of 3 in front of H₂O to balance the equation.
The complete balanced equation is:
Al(OH)₃ + 3 HCl ----> AlCl₃ + 3 H₂O
What mass of AI2O3 forms from 16 g O2 and excess AI?
Answer:
2Al+1.5O2→Al2O3
Thus, 2 mol of Al combine with 1.5 mol of oxygen to form 1 mol of Al2O3.
2 mol of Al corresponds to 2×27=54 g.
Thus, the weight of Al used in the reaction is 54 g.
what happens as a result of photoelectric effect
Electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal in photoelectric effect.
What is the photoelectric effect?The photoelectric effect is the emission of electron from the surface of a metal when light is shone on the surface..
For electrons to be emitted, the light must have a certain frequency known as threshhold frequency.
Therefore, electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal in photoelectric effect.
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A buffer solution buffer containing 0.32 M HC2H2O2 and 0.14 M KC2H2O2 has a pH of 4.41. What is the pKa of the acid
The pKa of the acid is 4.05
Calculation of pKa:
pKa tells about the strength of acidic molecule.
[tex]pK_{a}= -log[K_a][/tex]
Where Ka is the dissociation constant of an acid.
According to Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
[tex]pH= pK_{a} + log\frac{[salt]}{[acid]} \\[/tex]
pH= 4.41
Concentration of acid= 0.32M
Concentration of salt= 0.14M
Putting the values in the equation,
[tex]4.41= pK_{a} + log\frac{0.32}{0.14}\\\\4.41= pK_{a} + 0.36\\\\pK_{a}= 4.41 - 0.36\\pK_{a}= 4.05[/tex]
The pKa of the acid is 4.05.
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If you have 6.0-g of lithium and you add it to excess manganese (IV) oxide, how many grams of the product Li2O do you form theoretically.
4Li + MnO2 ----> 2Li2O + Mn
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 12.857 grams of Li₂O are formed when 6 grams of Li reacts.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
4 Li + MnO₂ → 2 Li₂O + Mn
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
Li: 4 molesMnO₂: 1 mole Li₂O: 2 moles Mn: 1 moleThe molar mass of the compounds is:
Li: 7 g/moleMnO₂: 87 g/moleLi₂O: 30 g/moleMn: 55 g/moleThen, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:
Li: 4 moles ×7 g/mole= 28 gramsMnO₂: 1 mole ×87 g/mole= 87 gramsLi₂O: 2 moles ×30 g/mole= 60 gramsMn: 1 mole ×55 g/mole= 55 gramsMass of Li₂O formedThe following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 28 grams of Li form 60 grams of Li₂O, 6 grams of Li form how much mass of Li₂O?
[tex]mass of Li_{2} O=\frac{6 grams of Lix60 grams of Li_{2} O}{28 grams of Li}[/tex]
mass of Li₂O= 12.857 grams
Finally, 12.857 grams of Li₂O are formed when 6 grams of Li reacts.
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I just need the answers I’ve been procrastinating for hours
Answer:
I am sorry
Explanation:
What is the [H+] if the pH of a
solution is 7.60?
[H+] = [? ] × 10¹2]
Answer:
0.000000025
Explanation:
[H+]=10^-pH
Answer:
2.5 10^-8
Explanation:
Which of the following are examples of elements?
a. CO
b. Li
c. KBr
d. Ca
[tex]\huge\boxed{\textsf{Li and Ca}}[/tex]
An element is a substance that can't be broken down further. Lithium (Li) and calcium (Ca) are examples of elements.
Carbon monoxide (CO) and potassium bromide (KBr) are examples of compounds, which are made up of more than one element put together.
help for number 3 pls
Answer:
a. name of element is copper it's proton is 29 neutron is 34 and electron is 29
b.name of element is sodium it's proton is 11 neutron is 12 and electron is 11
c.name of element is chlorine it's proton is 17 neutron is 18 and electron is 17
d.name of element is iron it's proton is 26 neutron is 30 and electron is 26
A flask of nitrogen is collected over water at a total pressure 740.0 mmHg. If the partial pressure of the water vapor is 20.0 mmHg, what is the pressure exerted by the nitrogen
The pressure exerted by the nitrogen is 718 mmHg.
The oxygen, which is collected over water, will be mixed with water vapor.
This means that the total pressure of the mixture will have two components
the partial pressure of oxygenand the vapor pressure of water at 20.0∘CThe vapor pressure of water at that temperature is approximately 17mmHg.
P total = P oxygen + P water
P oxygen = 735 mmHg − 17mmHg
P oxygen = 718 mmHg
Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is described as the strain exerted by way of a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed levels at a given temperature in a closed gadget. The equilibrium vapor stress is an indication of a liquid's evaporation price.
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The pressure of a monatomic gas is 233 kPa. The gas is compressed from an initial volume of 0.76 m3 to a final volume of 0.48 m3 while maintaining constant pressure. How much heat flows into or out of the gas
163.1 KJ of heat flows into the gas.
As the pressure is constant, then it is a isobaric process.
In this process , Heat flows is [tex]Q=nC_{p}[/tex]ΔT
Work done is represented by W = PΔV= nRΔT
γ for monoatomic gas is [tex]\frac{5}{3}[/tex]
So, their ratio is
[tex]\frac{W}{Q}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{R}{C_{P} }[/tex] = R/γR/γ-1 = [tex]\frac{2}{5}[/tex] ….. (1)
Hence, Ratio of W and Q is 2/5
Now given,
Pressure = 233 kPa = 233000 Pa
ΔV= 0.76-0.48 = 0.28[tex]m^{3}[/tex]
So, W = PΔV = 233000 × 0.28 = 65240J
From equation (1)
[tex]\frac{65240}{Q} =\frac{2}{5}[/tex]
Q = 163100J or 163.1 KJ
As the value of Q is positive so, 163.1 KJ of heat flows into the gas.
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4. How many grams of hydrogen is produced from 12.5 g of Mg reacting with hydrochloric acid in this
balanced equation?
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂
5. How many grams of aluminum phosphate is produced from 7.5 g of lithium phosphate in this balanced
equation?
2Li3PO4 + Al2(SO4)3 → 3Li2SO4 + 2AIPO4
From the reactions, 1.04 g of H2 and 7.995 g of aluminum phosphate is produced.
What is stoichiometry?The term stoichiometry has to do with the amount of substances that participates in a reaction.
For reaction 1;
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂
Number of moles of Mg reacted = 12.5 g/24g/mol = 0.52 moles
If 1 mole of Mg produced 1 mole of H2
0.52 moles produces 0.52 moles of H2
Mass of H2 = 0.52 moles * 2 g/mol = 1.04 g
For reaction 2;
2Li3PO4 + Al2(SO4)3 → 3Li2SO4 + 2AIPO4
Number of moles of lithium phosphate = 7.5 g/116 g/mol = 0.065 moles
2 moles of Li3PO4 produced 2 moles of AIPO4
0.065 moles of Li3PO4 produced 0.065 moles of AIPO4
Mass of AIPO4 = 0.065 moles * 123 g/mol = 7.995 g
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The group of atoms that is responsible for the characteristic properties of a family of organic compounds is called a/an ________ group. Multiple Choice hydrocarbon functional ether enzyme polyatomic ion
The group of atoms that is responsible for the characteristic properties of a family of organic compounds is called a functional group.
Functional groups are groups of one or extra atoms with exclusive chemical homes regardless of what's connected to them. The atoms of practical agencies are certain via covalent bonds with one another and with the relaxation of the molecule.
Functional groups include:
hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfhydryl.An atom or institution of atoms that replaces hydrogen in a natural compound that defines the shape of a family of compounds and determines the properties of the family.
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Diethyl ether (C4H10O), the "ether" used medically as an anesthetic, is prepared commercially by treatment of ethyl alcohol (C2H6O) with an acid.
Part A
How many grams of diethyl ether would you obtain from 41.8 g of ethyl alcohol if the percent yield of the reaction is 76.6 % ?
25.54 g of diethyl ether would you obtain from 41.8 g of ethyl alcohol if the per cent yield of the reaction is 76.6 %.
What are moles?A mole is defined as 6.02214076 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex]of some chemical unit, be it atoms, molecules, ions, or others. The mole is a convenient unit to use because of the great number of atoms, molecules, or others in any substance.
Step 1: Write the balanced equation
2 CH₃CH₂OH ⇒ CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ + H₂O
Step 2: Calculate the moles corresponding to 41.8 g of CH₃CH₂OH
The molar mass of CH₃CH₂OH is 46.07 g/mol.
41.8 g × 1 mol ÷ 46.07 g = 0.90.
Step 3: Calculate the theoretical moles of CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ produced
The molar ratio of CH₃CH₂OH to CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ is 2:1. The moles of CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ theoretically produced are 1/2 × 0.90 mol = 0.45
Step 4: Calculate the real moles of CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ produced
The percent yield of the reaction is 85%.
0.45 mol × 76.6% = 0.3447 mol
Step 5: Calculate the mass corresponding to 0.3447 moles of CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃
The molar mass of CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ is 74.12 g/mol.
34.47 mol × 74.12 g/mol = 25.549164 g
Hence, 25.54 g of diethyl ether would you obtain from 41.8 g of ethyl alcohol if the per cent yield of the reaction is 76.6 %.
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