Innate immunity is nonspecific and present at birth.
Invaders including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and poisons, as well as injuries or trauma, are first detected by the body's innate immune system. The innate immune system triggers cells to attack and eliminate the outsider or to start repair upon detection of these agents or events. It also informs and modifies the adaptive immune response, which follows this first line of defense.Innate immunity, also known as nonspecific immunity, is the defense mechanism you were born with.Unlike adaptive immune responses, which are tailored to a specific pathogen, innate immune responses are not. They rely on a collection of proteins and phagocytic cells, which can quickly activate in response to pathogen recognition and assist annihilate intruders.learn more about Innate immunity here: https://brainly.com/question/26322261
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Evolutionary adaptations for survival on land produced tetrapods, which later evolved into _____________________________.
Evolutionary adaptations for survival on land produced tetrapods, which later evolved into amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.
Evolution: It can be defined as a natural phenomenon that involves the modifications in physical, biological, and metabolic characteristics of any species which get inherited from one generation to another resulting in better, more advanced new forms of species. This is a very slow process that usually took millions of years to establish a new species from a preexisting one.
The evolution of tetrapods started in the devonian period at around 400 million years ago which are kept under superclass tetrapoda which includes amphibians, reptiles, bird and mammales. The body plan, breathing plan, navigating plan all evolved with time and the tetrapods gets cherecterised into amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.
These facts were estabilished by the transitional fossils collected in late 20th century which are tested and studied on the basis of modern phylogenetic analysis.
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what are some of the complication related to miss match of blood groups during blood transfusion
Stem cells isolated from the embryo can be cultured in the laboratory. What should be provided to the cells for their growth and division?
A. Antibiotics
B. Antibodies
C. Electric shock
D. Proteins and sugars
That should be provided to the cells for their growth and division is Antibodie.
How is stem cell culture done in the laboratory?This procedure consists of the infusion of hematopoietic stem cells from a donor. For the graft to be successful, it is essential that the infused cells proliferate and form all the blood cells in the recipient.
Stem cells multiply through the process of cell division called meiosis. Umbilical cord tissue is a rich source of young stem cells, which can give rise to a multitude of cell types.
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______________ epithelium appears to have multiple layers of cells with nuclei at differing heights, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane.
Answer:
pseudostratified columnar
Explanation:
__________ is a hormone, whereas __________ is an enzyme. A. Gastrin; secretin B. Secretin; pepsin C. Gastrin; cholecystokinin (CCK) D. Enteropeptidase; pepsin
Secretin is a hormone, whereas pepsin is an enzyme.
What is secretin?Secretin is a hormone that regulates water homeostasis throughout the body and influences the environment of the duodenum by regulating secretions in the stomach, pancreas and liver. Peptide hormone produced in the S cells of the duodenumWhat is pepsin?Pepsin is a stomach enzyme that serves to digest proteins found in ingested food. It is secreted in inactive form (zymogen) celled pepsinogen by Gastric chief cells.Learn more about enzymes and hormones here:
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According to an ideal free distribution, individual organisms would be expected to move into low-quality habitat when:
The organism will move in low-quality habitat when the benefit provided by the this habitat is same as that provided by the high-quality habitat.
Ideal free distribution is a theoretical concept in which the organism distributes itself in the environment such that the competition is minimized between the species and the fitness is increased. The ideal free distribution is assumed to have the constant distribution of organisms in the habitat. According to this theory, the organism can roam freely in all habitats provided that the resources are abundant.
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This cell is in a(n) _____ solution. This cell is in a(n) _____ solution. hypertonic isotonic hypotonic and isotonic hypotonic hypertonic or isotonic
This cell is in hypertonic solution.
What is hypertonic?In comparison to blood, hypertonic has a higher percentage of fluid, carbohydrates, and salt. Similar fluid, sugar, and salt concentrations exist in isotonic and blood.The salt solution is hypertonic with regard to the interior of the cells if there is a larger concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside it, as would occur if you placed red blood cells in a concentrated salt solution.A liquid that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles than regular cells and blood do, like salt and other electrolytes.Learn more about hypertonic here:
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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.
Question: This cell is in a(n) _____ solution.
A) hypertonic or isotonic
B) hypotonic and isotonic
C) hypotonic
D) hypertonic
E) isotonic
A condition in which the common plantar nerve becomes entrapped between the 3rd and 4th metatarsal heads producing radiating pain distally is called:
A condition in which the common plantar nerve becomes entrapped between the 3rd and 4th metatarsal heads producing radiating pain distally is called Morton's neuroma.
What is Morton's neuroma?Too-tight or high-heeled shoes are common causes of Morton's neuroma. Your feet's nerves may experience compression or irritation as a result of these shoes. The strain on the inflamed nerve causes it to swell and ultimately become more painful.A swelling of the tissue surrounding the digital nerve that exits the ball of the foot and travels between the 3rd and 4th toes is known as a Morton's neuroma (Intermetatarsal Neuroma). If neglected, the illness causes irreversible nerve injury because it compresses and irritates the nerve.Learn more about Morton's neuroma here:
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What does the study of macroevolution examine ?
Answer:
Macroevolution involves studying patterns on the tree of life above the species level, and inferring the processes that are likely to have generated these patterns. Thus, macroevolutionary thinking helps to build a more complete picture about the evolutionary history of primates.
Explanation:
https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/macroevolution-examples-from-the-primate-world-96679683/
why does a fresh wound on the skin bleed more on a hot sunny day than on a cold chilly day
Answer:
Explanation:
When your skin is cut, scraped, or , you usually start to bleed. Within minutes or even seconds, blood cells start to clump together and clot, protecting the wound and preventing further blood loss. These clots, which turn into dry wounds as they dry, are created by a type of blood cell called a platelet.
If a follicle does not reach maturity during one ovarian cycle, it can finish maturing during the next cycle. True False
The statement 'if a follicle does not reach maturity during one ovarian cycle, it can finish maturing during the next cycle' is False.
What is a follicle?A follicle is a multicellular structure located in the ovaries that is able to release reproductive hormones during menstruation.
The ovarium follicle is fundamental during the menstrual cycle rate of a woman.
In conclusion, if a follicle does not mature during the ovarian cycle, then it won't continue the process during the next cycle and will become a structure known as corpus luteum.
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If the average length of a woman's ovarian cycle is 30 days, the average length of her uterine cycles is most likely ____ days.
If the average length of a woman's ovarian cycle is 30 days, the average length of her uterine cycles is most likely 28 days.
What is the ovarian cycle?The female ovarian cycle refers to the sequence or cycle that controls the production and release of eggs as well as the the monthly secretion of the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Hence, if the average length of a woman's ovarian cycle is 30 days, the average length of her uterine cycles is most likely 28 days.
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: Cytotoxic T cells are rapid killers of infected target cells. Within minutes of the interaction of a cytotoxic T cell with a target cell, the program of apoptosis in the target cell is initiated. This rapid activity is a consequence of:
Cytotoxic T cells are rapid killers of infected target cells. Within minutes of the interaction of a cytotoxic T cell with a target cell, the program of apoptosis in the target cell is initiated. This rapid activity is a consequence of The extremely rapid production of granzymes and perforin by cytotoxic effector cells upon encountering a target cell.
A type of T cell known as a cytotoxic T cell (CD8+ T cell) is in charge of removing things that the immune system recognizes as dangerous. Cytotoxic T cells are essential for controlling bacterial growth and illnesses in the body.By instructing their targets to undergo apoptosis, cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill their prey. Cytotoxic T cells can instruct antigen-specific target cells to die within 5 minutes of coming into contact with them when they are mixed with target cells and quickly brought into contact by centrifugation.The speed with which cytotoxic T cells can induce apoptosis in their targets is due to the release of prepared effector molecules that trigger the target cell's own endogenous apoptotic pathway.learn more about Cytotoxic T cells here: https://brainly.com/question/9292555
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When O2 binds to heme in hemoglobin, the ____ ion is drawn into the plane of the ____ causing a conformational change that is transmitted to adjacent subunits enhancing the ____ for additional O2 binding.
When O2 binds to heme in hemoglobin, the Fe3+ ion is drawn into the plane of the Porphyrin causing a conformational change that is transmitted to adjacent subunits enhancing the affinity for additional O2 binding.
Oxygen binds to the iron inside the heme, forming an octahedral iron complicated. This form is referred to as oxyhemoglobin; the form without the sure oxygen is known as deoxyhemoglobin. masses of exciting matters occur as a result of oxygen binding, structurally speaking, initially, the heme adjustments form.
Hemoglobin can be the concept of a tetramer made from alpha-beta dimers. The conformational trade that happens at some point of the T to R transition takes region in most cases inside the positions of those two dimers relative to one another (as opposed to among the alpha and beta subunits inside the equal dimer).
The hemoglobin molecule has four binding websites for oxygen molecules: the iron atoms in the four heme companies. For this reason, every Hb tetramer can bind four oxygen molecules. From the molecular weight of Hb, you can actually calculate that 1 g of Hb can combine with 1.39 ml of oxygen.
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what are the effects of haemophilia
Answer:
Hemophilia can cause joint bleeding, which can lead to persistent joint illness and discomfort. Bleeding in the skull and, in certain cases, the brain can result in long-term complications such as convulsions and paralysis. If the bleeding cannot be stopped or if it happens in a crucial organ such as the brain, death may result.
Explanation:
How do vaccines work if the pathogen in them is dead?
A. The immune system holds on to the dead pathogen from the vaccine, and if you are infected again, the new pathogen recognizes the dead
form of itself and becomes inactive so that it is not killed as well.
B. It causes antibodies to be generated that take the form of the pathogen, so the next time it is encountered, the antibodies make the pathogen
think the body is friendly and not a target.
C. It causes memory cells to be generated so that next time the pathogen is encountered the immune response is very fast, killing the pathogen
before it can do any harm.
D. The vaccine alters your body chemistry so that whichever pathogen you are vaccinated against cannot even enter your body in the first place.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Vaccination is the conferring of immunity to an individual by artificial means. A vaccine can be in the form of weakened or dead disease causing micro organisms. In the body, the dead pathogens stimulate the production of specific antibodies by the body such that next time the body gets infected by the actual pathogens, there will be no serious illness caused.
When some organic molecules, such as lipids, are added to water, vesicles can form. Which of the following best describes how scientists hypothesize true cells evolved from vesicles?
Answer:
Vesicles that contained self-replicating RNA grew, split, and passed their RNA to daughters.
Which two major parts of the Earth system does this photo most clearly
show?
A. Biosphere
M B. Atmosphere
C. Cryosphere
D. Geosphere
Answer:
C. Cryosphere
Explanation:
pls mark me as Brainliest Answer please
Population growth project: analyzing factors that affect carrying capacity and biodiversity
Answer:
One factor limits a population at a time. Suppose the area that had only enough food for 500 armadillos suddenly had enough food for 2,000 armadillos, but only enough water for 1,000 armadillos. The population still couldn't grow to 2,000 armadillos. Water would keep the population at 1,000 armadillos. In this case, water is the limiting factor.
Explanation:
The size of a population is limited by the carrying capacity of the environment. The carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals that an environment can support. The carrying capacity of an environment can be limited by the availability of food, water, shelter, and other resources. Biodiversity is the variety of life in an area. The carrying capacity of an environment can also be limited by the number of different species that can coexist in an area.
What cell has a cell wall, cell membrane, and mitochondria
1. Eukaryotic
2. Prokaryotic
3. Bacteria
4. An Animal cell
Cell wall, cell membrane and mitochondria are all found in a eukaryotic cell. The correct answer is option 1.
Large and complex organisms are made up of eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus enclosed within the nuclear membrane. Eukaryotic cells are found in fungi, plants, animals, and protozoa.
The cell wall comprises cellulose, hemicellulose, proteins and pectin. Function of the cell wall is to maintain the shape of the cell and helps in interacting with other cell.
The cell membrane or the plasma membrane works as a check post for the material entering and exiting the cells. While the mitochondria processes the energy unit.
Therefore, a eukaryotic cell posses a cell wall, plasma membrane and mitochondria. The correct answer is option 1.
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If you see a diseased plant, it is most likely in the stage of its life cycle.
O death
Ogrowth
Obeginning
adult ?
Answer:
death
Explanation:
it's diseased so it's not growing nor beginning adult
Which quadrant number and
location of the pig's ears is the
only one that works in increments
of 1?
A. Bottom of the ear close to the tip
B. Top of the ear close to the tip
C. Bottom of the ear close to the jaw
D. Top of the ear close to the forehead
The quadrant number and location of the pig's ears is the only one that works in increments of 1 Bottom of the ear close to the tip.
Location of pig ears:-
the backside of the ear near the end the pinnacle of the ear close to the end bottom of the ear close to the jawtop of the ear close to the browEar-notching helps discover a pig's muddle and which one of the muddles its miles, giving each pig a completely unique identity number. Notches are positioned in one of five places in the pig's proper ear to show the clutter range and in certainly one of 3 places inside the left ear.
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Carbohydrates and fats are considered high-energy foods because they _____. have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen.
The reason why Carbohydrates and fats are considered high-energy foods is because they have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen.
What are carbohydrates?The carbohydrates are a class of food that are known to be rich in energy. Carbohydrates are broken down to release energy.
The reason why Carbohydrates and fats are considered high-energy foods is because they have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen.
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The passage of IgG antibodies from mother to fetus illustrates: A. natural immunity. B. cell-mediated immunity. C. passive immunity. D. nonspecific immunity.
The passage of IgG antibodies from mother to fetus illustrates:
C. passive immunity.
Antibodies produced outside the body can protect a person from contracting a disease, or they can give passive immunity.Because antibodies are not regenerated as frequently as they would be in a person with a functioning immune system, passive immunity is typically transient.Immunity that is transferred from mother to kid is known as maternal passive immunity or natural passive immunity. Antibodies are transferred to the unborn child by the placenta while they are still in the womb and can offer protection against the corresponding infections in the weeks and months after delivery.An infant's passive immunity to disease is maintained after birth due to antibodies contained in breast milk, particularly in colostrum, the protein-rich milk produced in the first few days after birth. The importance of maternal passive immunity for safeguarding infants until their own immune system is mature enough to protect them.learn more about passive immunity here: https://brainly.com/question/21480961
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Which combination of alleles are always involved in the inheritance of a sex-linked trait?
Answer:
alleles that are carried on X and Y chromosomes
Explanation:
Edge
The human intestinal tract is colonized with bacteria that consume resources and usually prevent other harmful bacteria from causing infections. This is an example of ______ among the bacteria.
Probiotic is an example.
Probiotics are good living bacteria for us, balancing the good and bad gut microbiota, helping digest food, and helping digestive problems such as diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Some probiotic bacteria can produce bacteriocins. Bacteriocin is a small secretory antibacterial protein that inhibits a variety of other bacteria. They are diverse in molecular properties, thermal stability, resistance to enzymes, target bacteria, and antibacterial mechanisms of action.
This is an overview of the major health benefits of probiotics.
Probiotics help balance the friendly bacteria of the digestive system. ...Probiotics may help prevent and treat diarrhea. ...Probiotic supplements improve some mental illnesses. ..Learn more about bacteria here:https://brainly.com/question/6941760
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When a neuron is activated by a stimulus, its plasma membrane will change until it reaches a membrane potential of about 40 mV. What is special about this value
Answer: It is approximately the membrane potential at which the electrochemical gradient for Na+ is zero.
Explanation:
The charge in plasma membrane occurs with diffusion and electric fields.
For example, if there are two solutions, let's assume solution X and Solution Y are separated by a porous barrier (to diffuse in equal proportions).
The fundamental principle of diffusion states that solution from a high concentration diffuses to a lower concentration.
For instance, if the X solution contains 40 sodium ions and 40 chloride ions, the Y solution only has 30 sodium and 30 chloride ions. Due to the diffusion, these two solutions will mix and reach a steady-state.
The like charges repel, and opposite charges attract.
What is a gene?
the different forms of a trait
Answer:
A gene is the basic physical unit of heredity. Genes are made up of a sequence of DNA and carry all the information needed to make us who we are. Genes are passed from parent to child in a specific sequence that decides our traits. Will you be short or tall, have straight hair or curly hair, blue eyes or green?, are a few examples of physical traits.
Iron released from hemoglobin is transported through the blood by ______________ to the ______________.
Iron released from hemoglobin is transported through the blood by transferrin to the bone marrow.
Transport of Iron
The cellular iron homeostasis is controlled by the iron and heme transport proteins. They work with chaperones, ferrireductases, and ferroxidases which guide the movement of iron within and in & out of the cells. In the blood, the ion released from the hemoglobin molecule is bound to the transport protein transferrin which carries the iron into the bone marrow. Inside the bone marrow, the iron is delivered to the precursors of RBCs, the erythrocyte progenitor cells. Inside the bone marrow, the heme units in the EPC take up the iron to which oxygen will bind as they become mature RBCs. The flow of iron in the blood plasma is controlled by the protein hepcidin whose production is positively influenced by transferrin in the plasma. In the case of damaged RBCs, they are processed by the macrophages of the spleen, liver, and bone marrow which releases the iron molecule.
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What does the author predict about the future of the Earth's mantle? Do you support his educated guess? Use complete sentences to answer.
The earth's mantle will not change in the future because this region is safe from the intervention of human beings.
What happens in the Earth's mantle?The transfer of heat and material in the mantle helps us to determine the landscape of Earth. Activity in the mantle moves the plate tectonics, that contributes to volcanoes, seafloor spreading, earthquakes, and building of mountains.
So we can conclude that The earth's mantle will not change in the future because this region is safe from the intervention of human beings.
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