I held the magnesium ribbon over the flame produced by the bunsen burner using a pair of tongs.
morphine is a weak base. a 0.11m solution of morphine has a ph of 10.4. what is the base dissociation constant for morphine
With repeated usage, morphine may develop a habit. Follow the morphine instructions precisely. Do not take it in larger amounts, more frequently, or otherwise differently than prescribed by your doctor.
Discuss your pain management objectives, course of treatment, and additional pain management options with your healthcare practitioner while you are taking morphine . Inform your doctor if you or any family members regularly use significant amounts of alcohol, take street drugs, abuse prescription medicines excessively, experience overdosing, or currently suffer from depression or another mental disorder. If you now use or formerly used morphine, there is a higher chance that you may abuse it.
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If it takes 55.5 mL of 0.5 mol/L of magnesium hydroxide solution to completely neutralize 127.5 mL of phosphoric acid, what is the concentration of the phosphoric acid?
The concentration terms are molality, normality and mole fraction. Molarity can be used to find out the ionic strength of any solution. Therefore, the concentration of the phosphoric acid is 0.217M.
What is molarity?Molarity can be calculated by dividing number of moles of solute by volume of solution in litre. Molarity is affected by temperature. Its unit is mole/liter. It measure the concentration of any solute in a solution.
Mathematically,
According to the neutralization law,
M₁V₁=M₂V₂
where,
M₁ = molarity of stock solution = 0.5 mol/L
V₁ = volume of stock solution = 55.5 mL
M₂ = molarity of dilute solution =?
V₂ = volume of dilute solution = 127.5 mL
substituting all the given values we get
M₁V₁=M₂V₂
0.5 ×55.5 =M×127.5
M=0.217M
Therefore, the concentration of the phosphoric acid is 0.217M.
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arrange this isoelectronic series in order of decreasing radius: f−, o2−, mg2+, na+.
The arrangement of this isoelectronic series in order of decreasing radius will be as O⁻², F⁻, Na⁺, Mg⁺²
The total number of electrons in each of these elements is 10, although the number of protons in each differs.
O⁻² = 8 protons
F⁻ = 9 protons
Na⁺ = 11 protons
Mg⁺² = 12 protons
Therefore, we can observe that the highest amount of protons in Mg⁺² are attracting the same quantity of electrons, and as a result, this ion has the shortest radius. (since there is a strong attraction force, the radius decreases).
O⁻² has the biggest radius because the fewest number of protons attract the same number of electrons.
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an atom in its ground state absorbs a single photon of light and then relaxes back to the ground state by emitting an infrared photon (1,200 nm) followed by an orange photon (600 nm). what is the wavelength of the photon that was absorbed initially
Wavelength of the photon of light and then relaxes back to the ground state by emitting an infrared photon (1,200 nm) followed by an orange photon (600 nm) that was absorbed initially is 400nm
Wavelength of the photon that was absorbed initially can be calculated as follows:
Photon's energy is inversely related to its wavelength.
E ∝ 1/λA
Given that the energy of the absorbed photon () equals the total energy of the photons released (E₁ +E₂).
Eₐ=E₁ +E₂
the relationship between E and λ,
1 = 1 + 1
λₐ λ₁ λ₂
1 = 1 + 1
λₐ 600x 10⁻⁹ 1200x 10⁻⁹
λₐ = 400nm
Therefore, the wavelength of the absorbed photon is 400 nm.
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calculate the molar solubility of srf2 (ksp = 4.3×10−9) in the following substances.
3.278 x [tex]10^-4[/tex] M is the Molar solubility of [tex]SrF_2[/tex] in 1.0 x[tex]10^-^2[/tex] M [[tex]Sr(NO_3)_2[/tex]]
what is molar solubility?The solubility of a substance is measured by the number of moles of the solute that dissolve in one liter of solution, or molar solubility.
Here provided, Ksp = 4.3 × [tex]10^-^9[/tex]
and the concentration of [[tex]Sr(NO_3)_2[/tex]] = [[tex]Sr^2^+[/tex]] = 1.0 x [tex]10^-^2[/tex]M
Ksp for decompositon of [tex]SrF_2[/tex]
Ksp = [tex][Sr^2^+]^2[/tex] [tex][F^-]^2[/tex]
Therefore, 4.3×[tex]10^-^9[/tex] = (1.0 x [tex]10^-^2[/tex] M) x [tex](2x)^2[/tex]
[tex]4x^2[/tex] = ( 4.3×[tex]10^-^9[/tex] ) / (1.0 x [tex]10^-^2[/tex] ) = 4.3 x 10-7
[tex]x^2[/tex] = (4.3 x [tex]10^-^7[/tex]) / 4 = 1.075 x [tex]10^-^7[/tex]
Therefore , x= 3.278 x [tex]10^-^4[/tex] M
So the molar solubility of the solution is 3.278 x [tex]10^-^4[/tex] M
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Complete question:
what is the molar solubility of [tex]SrF_2[/tex] (ksp = 4.3×10−9) in the following substances?
a) 1.0x10^-2M Sr(NO3)2 Ksp=4.3x10^-9
Please Research how the chemist John Dalton came up with his ideas about atoms and review how scientific ideas change with time.
Answer:
Experiments with gases that first became possible at the turn of the nineteenth century led John Dalton in 1803 to propose a modern theory of the atom based on the following assumptions. 1. Matter is made up of atoms that are indivisible and indestructible.
what are non biological methods of metal extraction
Non-biological methods of metal extraction relate to the various techniques used to recover metals from underground deposits. Microorganisms are used in biological processes, commonly referred to as biomining.
What are the three processes for obtaining metals?There are three primary techniques for removing metals from their ore. These include reducing the ore with carbon, electrolyzing the molten ore, and reducing it with a more reactive metal.
Which two forms of solvent extraction are there?There are two different kinds of extraction: solvent extraction, often known as liquid-liquid extraction, and solid-liquid extraction. The separation of chemicals based on their relative solubilities in two separate immiscible liquids or solid matter compounds underlies both methods of extraction.
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give the structure of the principal organic product formed by the free-radical bromination of methylcyclopentane.
structure of the principal organic product formed by the free-radical bromination of methylcyclopentane. is the major product is formed by the substitution of Br radical on tertiry carbon.
In the presence of UV light, 1-Methylcyclopentane reacts with Bromine molecules. This type of reaction is known as a free radical reaction. Bromine will first become a bromine free radical and then attack the desired carbon to produce the desired product. Organic products are grown in an agricultural system that does not use chemical fertilisers or pesticides and takes an environmentally and socially responsible approach. Atoms or groups of atoms with a single unpaired electron are referred to as free radicals. These radicals are involved in a free radical substitution reaction. When a bond splits evenly, each atom receives one of the two electrons, and free radicals form. This is referred to as homolytic fission.
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g in thermal equilibrium, what is the ratio of the probabilities of two states of an atom that are separated in energy by kt?
In thermal equilibrium, the probability of an atom being in a particular state is determined by its statistical weight, which is determined by its energy.
At a given temperature, the statistical weight of a state is proportional to its Boltzmann factor, which is the exponential of the negative of the energy of the state divided by the temperature of the system. Therefore, the ratio of the probabilities of two states of an atom that are separated in energy by kt will be determined by the Boltzmann factors of those states. In general, the probability of a state with a lower energy will be higher than the probability of a state with a higher energy, because the Boltzmann factor is an exponential function that decreases as the energy increases.
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how is it possible for yeast to grow and reproduce when they consume sugars??
Answer:
It is possible because when oxygen is present, the sugar molecules are broken down into carbon dioxide and water, but when oxygen isn't there, the sugar molecules aren't broken down completely.
Explanation:
Hope this helps! Have a great day! :D
Sugars and carbohydrates, which are plentiful in bread dough, are what yeasts eat. They convert this food into energy and as a result produce carbon dioxide gas. Fermentation is the name given to this process.
What is fermentation ?Through the activity of enzymes, fermentation is a metabolic process that results in chemical changes in organic substrates. It is specifically described in biochemistry as the process of obtaining energy from carbohydrates without the presence of oxygen.
Carbon dioxide is created by the yeast when it consumes the sugar. This gas steadily fills the balloon because it has nowhere else to go but up. As bread rises, a very similar process takes place.
Although there is just one cell in every yeast organism, these cells form multicellular colonies. They procreate through budding, a process in which a "mother cell" develops a protrusion known as a "bud" that enlarges until it is the same size as the mother.
Thus, They convert this food into energy and as a result produce carbon dioxide gas this process is fermentation.
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What is the difference between empirical and molecular formulas? How do you determine the empirical and molecular formulas of a compound from its percent composition or its mass spectrometry data?
Difference between empirical and molecular formula :
Empirical formulas are the simplest form of formulas that we can write for a molecule while molecular formulas are the formulas showing the type of atoms and number of each atom connected in the molecule. Hence, the key difference between empirical and molecular formulas is that empirical formula only gives the simplest ratio of atom whereas molecular formula gives the exact number of each atom in a molecule. Furthermore, we cannot calculate the exact molecular mass using the empirical formula while we can get the exact molecular mass using the molecular formula.
As another important difference between empirical and molecular formulas, we can say that we can predict the type of atoms in ionic compounds and repeating unit in a polymer whereas we can predict the oxidation numbers of each atom, how they are going to react in a reaction, and the resulted products using molecular formulas.
Determination: To determine the empirical and molecular formulas, given the mass or percentage of the elements, you need to convert them to moles. This is because, remember, the formula of a compound tells us how many moles of each element there are in one mole of that compound.
What do you mean by empirical and molecular formula?
The empirical formula of a compound gives the simplest ratio of the number of different atoms present, whereas the molecular formula gives the actual number of each different atom present in a molecule. If the formula is simplified then it is an empirical formula. The molecular formula is commonly used and is a multiple of the empirical formula.
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The empirical formula for glucose is C6H12O6, while the molecular formula is C6H12O6.
What is molecular formula?
Molecular formula is a way of representing the chemical composition of a molecule by using chemical symbols and numerical subscripts. It is a notation consisting of the chemical element symbols and numbers that indicate the types and numbers of atoms present in a molecule. The subscripts are used to indicate the number of each type of atom present in the molecule. The molecular formula can provide important information about the structure, properties, reactivity, and other characteristics of a molecule.
The difference between empirical and molecular formulas is that the empirical formula is the simplest ratio of atoms that make up a compound, while the molecular formula is the actual number of atoms of each element that make up the compound. For example, the empirical formula for glucose is C6H12O6, while the molecular formula is C6H12O6.
To determine the empirical and molecular formulas from percent composition or mass spectrometry data, one must first calculate the moles of each element present in the compound. This is done by dividing the percent composition of each element by the molar mass of that element. Once the moles of each element present in the compound is determined, the empirical formula is calculated by dividing the moles of each element by the smallest number of moles of any element in the compound. The molecular formula can then be determined by multiplying the empirical formula by a whole number until the total number of atoms of each element in the compound is equal to the moles of each element present in the compound.
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does a reaction occur when aqueous solutions of silver(i) acetate and ammonium carbonate are combined?
No, reaction does not occur when aqueous solutions of silver(i) acetate and ammonium carbonate are combined.
What is an aqueous solution?
Aqueous solutions are made up of water and one or more dissolved materials. Solids, gases, or other liquids can all dissolve in an aqueous solution.
Silver (I) acetate has moderate solubility in water, hence it it does not form precipitate on mixing with ammonium acetate.
Therefore, reaction does not occur when aqueous solutions of silver(i) acetate and ammonium carbonate are combined.
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identify the lewis acid in the following reaction: hg2+(aq)+4cn−(aq)⇌hg(cn)42−(aq)
The lewis acid in the following reaction: hg2+(aq)+4cn−(aq)⇌hg(cn)42−(aq) will be hg2+.
A chemical species known as a Lewis acid has an empty orbital that could also accept a pair of electrons from a Lewis base to produce a Lewis adduct.
The given equation is :
hg2+(aq)+4cn−(aq)⇌hg(cn)42−(aq)
In the above equation, hg2+ will be work as Lewis acid. Any acid that serves as an electron pair acceptor would be a Lewis acid. Any base that can donate an electron pair would be a Lewis base.
A species known as Lewis Acid will have unoccupied orbitals as well as it will receive an electron pair, making it an electrophile. In the available possibilities, hg2+ possesses an empty orbital that can receive an electron lone pair and is a potent electrophile. It is therefore a Lewis acid. The remaining three molecules, cn− are Lewis bases since they only have one electron.
Therefore, the Lewis acid will be hg2+.
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what is the molar volume of ch4 gas under the conditions of temperature and pressure where its density is 0.674 g/l?
23.79 L/mol is the molar volume of ch4 gas under the conditions of temperature and pressure where its density is 0.674 g/l
molar mass of CH4= 16.04g/ ml
density of CH4 = 0.674 g/l
so molar volume of CH4= molar mass/ density
molar volume of CH4= 23.79L/mol
A substance's (chemical element or chemical compound) molar volume, denoted by the symbol Vm, is the volume occupied by one mole of that material at a specific temperature and pressure. It is determined by dividing the molar mass (M) by the mass density (). The definition of standard temperature and pressure (STP) is 0oC (273.15K) and 1atm pressure. The volume of one mole of a gas at STP is known as the molar volume of a gas.
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aqueous sodium bicarbonate was used to wash the crude n-butyl bromide. what was the purpose of this wash? give equations.
Aqueous sodium bicarbonate was used to wash the crude n-butyl bromide, the purpose of this wash is to completely neutralize the product or to remove the excess acid present in the product.
The reaction between the acid and sodium bicarbonate produces carbonic acid, which rapidly dissociates into carbon dioxide gas and water.
Now, in this reaction, we still have trace amounts of HBr in the product, therefore in order to neutralize these traces, we wash the solution with sodium bicarbonate, which results in the formation of sodium bromide and carbonic acid as described below:
HBr + Na₂CO₃ → NaBr + Na₂CO₃
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consider the following two compounds: c6h13oh, 1-hexanol c6h13sh, 1-hexanethiol (a) which compound has the higher molar mass? (b) which compound has the higher boiling point?
'S' has more Molar Mass than 0.
Therefore easily say looking at molecule.
We can C₆H₁₃ SH has a higher Molar Mass.
C₆H₁₃OH has stronger Hydrogen Bonding interaction.
C₆H₁₃OH (High Boiling Point)
Molecular weight is the mass of a specific molecule and is measured in Daltons. exceptional molecules of the same compound could have special molecular weights because they comprise distinctive isotopes of the detail. The molar mass of a substance is the mass in grams of 1 mole of the substance.
The molar mass of a substance may be acquired through adding the molar loads of the atomic additives. The calculated molar mass can then be used to convert the mass and range of moles of the substance. Use the chemical method to locate the wide variety of atoms for every element inside the compound.
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a certain substance has a heat of vaporization of 56.32 kj/mol. at what kelvin temperature will the vapor pressure be 7.00 times higher than it was at 307 k?
Temperature will the vapor pressure be 7.00 times higher than it was at 307 k is 324 K.
Calculation :
Given Data:
Heat of vaporization = 66.64kJ/mol
Final vapor pressure = 4 times of initial vapor pressure
Initial temperature = 307 K
The temperature is calculated by using the Clausius Clapeyron equation:
ln(P1/P2)=ΔHvap/R(1/T2−1/T1)
ln(P1/4P1)=66640Jmol⁻¹/8.314Jmol⁻¹K⁻¹(1/T2−1/307K)
ln(1/4)=8015.4(1/T2−1/307)
−1.38=8015.4/T2(−26.108)
T2=324K
Therefore, the temperature is 324 K.
Thermometers are calibrated at different temperature scales and have historically relied on different reference points and thermometric substances for definition. The most common scales are the Celsius scale with the unit symbol °C (previously called Celsius), the Fahrenheit scale (°F), and the Kelvin scale (K), the latter mostly used for scientific purposes. will be Kelvin is one of the seven basic units of the International System of Units (SI).
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calculate the ph during the titration of 20.00 ml of 0.1000 m hcooh(aq) with 0.1000 m naoh(aq) after 8.68 ml of the base have been added.
The pH during the titration 20.0 mL OF 0.1000 M NaOH(aq) with 0.1000 M HCOOH(aq) of after 8.68 mL of the base is added is 3.074
The pH of the titration can be calculate as follows;
First we should calculate the number of moles,
moles of NaOH = 0.1000 M * 20.00 mL = 2.0 mmol
of moles of HCOOH = 0.1000 M * 8.68 mL = 0.868 mmol
Then we can calculate concentration of excess acid
concentration of excess acid = [(moles acid - molesbase]/V tota
concentration of excess acid = [(2.0 mmol- 0.868 mmol)/(28.68 mL)
concentration of excess acid = 3.94 x 10⁻³ M.
the we can calculate the pH
For weak acids;
[H⁺] = √Ka.C = √(1.8 x 10⁻⁴)(3.94 x 10⁻³ M) = 8.42 x 10⁻⁴ M.
pH = - log[H⁺].
pH = - log( 8.42 x 10⁻⁴ ) = 3.074
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a metal crystal is made up of metal ions held together by an ""electron sea"" of valence electrons. why does this configuration make metals good electrical conductors?
The electrical conduction is due to movement of free electron sea.
The valence electrons of metals that are close to one another do not only stay on their own atom, they move freely across the entire metal complex. Like a single water molecule floating freely in the sea, they appear to be floating through an ocean of electrons. It is known as the electron sea model for this reason.
Since each metal atom is free to move around, these atoms develop into positively charged cations. These cations are surrounded by a sea of negatively charged electrons, making them resemble a positively charged island. Metal is a good conductor of electricity because of these free-moving electrons.
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a decomposition in species a was monitiered as a function of time. a plot of ln[a] versus time yields a straight line with a negative slope. what is the order of reaction?
Answer is zeroth-order, A straight line with a slope of k represents a first-order reaction when the natural logarithm of the reactant concentration vs time is shown. zeroth-orderis the ideal choice.
The plot of [A] vs time for a zero order reaction, as illustrated, is a straight line with k = - slope of the line. For the initial order. A plot of the concentration of any reactant against time for a zeroth-order reaction is a line with a slope of k. A straight line with a slope of k represents a zeroth-order reaction when the natural logarithm of the reactant concentration vs time is shown.
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one of the components of polluted air is no. it is formed in the high-temperature environment of internal combustion engines by the following reaction: why are high temperatures needed to convert n2 and o2 to no?
NO is one of the main components of polluted air. It is formed in the high-temperature environment of internal combustion engines and required high amount of temperature.
It is because both N2 ad O2 are diatomic molecules and are joined through strong intermolecular or bonding forces. In order to break their bond, high amount of heat is required.
The reaction is given as
N2 + O2 -------> 2No delta H = 180 kJ
It is a reversible reaction. In this reaction, both N2 and O2 are diatomic molecules with strong bonding forces. NO i.e. Nitrogen oxide is formed by the combination of the constituents of these molecules and for this purpose a definite amount of heat energy is required to break them apart. That is why the temperature in the surrounding environment must be very high.
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if all the n2 and h2 are consumed, what volume of nh3 , at the same temperature and pressure, will be produced?
0 degrees Celsius or one atmosphere are considered the norms for both temperature and pressure.A molar gas volume in STP is 22.4 liters / mole, according to what is reported.
What is relation between temperature and pressure?We find that temperature and pressure are linearly related, and if the temperature is on the kelvin scale, then P and T are directly proportional (again, when volume and moles of gas are held constant).
What happens to pressure when temperature increases?As the temperature increases, the average kinetic energy increases as does the velocity of the gas particles hitting the walls of the container. The force exerted by the particles per unit of area on the container is the pressure, so as the temperature increases the pressure must also increase.
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Which is the correct order for coordinates?a. Either way
b. Latitude, equator
c. Latitude, longitude
d. Longitude, latitude
Answer:
c
Explanation:latitude,longitude
why does fractional distillation of 2 components more easily accomplished if they differ by 20 degrees
The separation of the two component become more easy if the differ by at least because fractional distillation is a boiling point based separation method.
The fractional distillation is a process in which two liquid are separated from a mixture by using the difference in their boiling point as a main characteristic.
If the temperature of the two liquid for the two components is differing by at least 20 degree then fractional distillation can be accomplished more easily because it will become easier for us to separate the two components.
Because one of the component can be separated much earlier without wearing about the evaporation of the Other compound. The big difference in the boiling point makes the process of separation much easier.
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EM radiation emission is from what part of the atom?
Any time a charged particle, like an electron, modifies its velocity, electromagnetic radiation is created that is every time it accelerates or slows down. The charged particle loses the energy of the electromagnetic radiation that is subsequently created as a result.When an atom absorbs energy, it emits electromagnetic radiation.
One or more electrons in the atom move to a different location as a result of the energy being absorbed. An electromagnetic wave is created when the electron reposition itself.Atoms may absorb energy in a variety of ways. Electrical energy can be used as one method of atom excitation. Neon signs display this for you. The neon atoms will become excited or gain energy when we run electricity through the neon tubes.
In this state, the electrons in these atoms are very energetic. The electrons will return to their low energy state and emit radiation that we see as light since they don't enjoy being in the high energy state.
the specific heat of solid platinum 0.133 J/g c How much heat is absorbed when a 10 gram piece of platinum is warmed from 100 c to 150 c
The heat is absorbed when a 10 gram piece of platinum is warmed from 100 c to 150 c is 66.5 J
How to calculate heat is absorbed when a 10 gram piece of platinum is warmed from 100 c to 150 c?Energy is a sort of heat. Heat changes the condition of a substance when it is absorbed by it by weakening and rupturing the inter-particle bonds (solid to liquid for example). A phase change brought on by heat is NOT enough to raise the temperature. A reaction that absorbs heat is called endothermic.
The bulk of the body affects how much heat is absorbed. The bulk of the body directly affects how much heat energy is absorbed. where M is the body's mass and Q is the quantity of heat absorbed.
Using the equation H=cpmT and the water specific heat, the amount of heat absorbed is computed.
Given,
heat of slid platinum = 0.133
150 -100=50
heat absorbed = 0.133*10*50
= 66.5 J
Therefore , The heat is absorbed when a 10 gram piece of platinum is warmed from 100 c to 150 c is 66.5 J
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oxygen has two abundant stable isotopes oxygen-18 and oxygen-16. which one is the heavier isotope? group of answer choices oxygen-16 oxygen-18 they are the same mass.
Option B, Because only a tiny percentage isotopes of oxygen atoms contain two additional neutrons, giving them an atomic weight of 18, "heavy" oxygen is distinguished from regular oxygen by the term.
Normal oxygen has 8 protons and, in its most prevalent form, 8 neutrons, giving it an atomic weight of 16; this type of oxygen is referred to as "light" oxygen. The isotopes amount of neutrons in the nuclei of oxygen-16 and oxygen-18 are different. While isotopes oxygen-18 contains 10 neutrons, oxygen-16 only has 8. Protons and electrons are equal between isotopes oxygen-16 and oxygen-18. Since protons and neutrons both have mass, the mass of oxygen isotopes may be altered by altering the neutron content.
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Arrange the amino acids coded for in the translation portion of the interactive in the correct order, starting with the first amino acid at the top.a. leucine b. histidine c. glycine d. methionine
The correct order for the amino acids is:
d. methionine
a. leucine
b. histidine
c. glycine
This order is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA molecule, which is transcribed from the DNA template. The sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA molecule determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein that is synthesized during translation. The process of translation begins with the recruitment of a ribosome to the mRNA molecule, and the addition of a special amino acid called methionine to the growing protein chain. The ribosome then moves along the mRNA molecule, adding one amino acid at a time to the growing protein chain, in a sequence determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA molecule. In this case, the first amino acid added to the protein chain is methionine, followed by leucine, histidine, and glycine.
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The correct order for the amino acids is:
d. methionine
a. leucine
b. histidine
c. glycine
This order is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA molecule, which is transcribed from the DNA template. The sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA molecule determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein that is synthesized during translation. The process of translation begins with the recruitment of a ribosome to the mRNA molecule, and the addition of a special amino acid called methionine to the growing protein chain. The ribosome then moves along the mRNA molecule, adding one amino acid at a time to the growing protein chain, in a sequence determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA molecule. In this case, the first amino acid added to the protein chain is methionine, followed by leucine, histidine, and glycine.
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The p of PbBr2 i 6. 60×10−6. What i the molar olubility of PbBr2 in pure water?
molar olubility:
M
What i the molar olubility of PbBr2 in 0. 500 M KBr olution?
molar olubility:
M
What i the molar olubility of PbBr2 in a 0. 500 M Pb(NO3)2 olution?
molar olubility:
molar solubility of PbBr2 in 0. 500 M KBr solution is 4S3 = 6.60 x 10–6 . PbBr2 ionizes as Pb2+ + 2Br-, molar solubility of PbBr2 in a 0. 500 M Pb(NO3)2 solution is 0.0181 moles/lit..
If molar solubility of PbBr2 is “S”, then solubility of Pb2+ is also “S” but that of Br- would be “2S”. Ksp = [Pb2+] [Br-]2 = (S) (2S)2 = 4S3 = 6.60 x 10–6 4S3 = 6.6 x 10–6,this gives Solubility S = 1.181 x 10–2 = 0.0181 moles/lit. solid's solubility (usually referred to as its molar solubility) is expressed as the concentration of the "dissolved solid" in a saturated solution. This would simply be the concentration of Ag+ or Cl- in the saturated solution for a simple 1:1 solid like AgCl. The other way to express solubility is through molar solubility, which is defined below. It is the number of moles of solute in one litre of saturated solution and is abbreviated with a lower case's'. It is expressed in moles per litre, also known as molarity.
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what is the amount of charge on a calcium ion if its neutral atom has lost two valence electrons?
A calcium ion will have a positive charge when it loses an electron. If it loses 2 electrons, the calcium ion will have 18 electrons and a 2+ charge.
In order to meet its octet rule on what would eventually become the new valence shell, the calcium atom, which currently has two valence electrons, must lose both of them. Consequently, it has a 2+ charge. Calcium contains 20 protons but only 18 electrons since it lost two electrons. As a result, calcium has a charge of 2+, making it a positive ion. With 20 protons and 20 electrons, a neutral calcium atom easily loses two electrons. A cation with 20 protons, 18 electrons, and a 2+ charge is the consequence of this. It is represented by the formula Ca2+ and has the same number of electrons as atoms of argon, the previous noble gas.
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