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balance the following equation in acidic solution:mno4-(aq) as4o6(s) → mn2 (aq) aso43-(g)what is the coefficient of water?
The balanced chemical equation is given as
MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) + 7H₂O(l) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g) + 14H⁺(aq) + 5e⁻
The coefficient of water (H₂O) is 7.
To balance the equation in acidic solution:
MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g)
We can balance the atoms one by one:
Balance the atoms other than oxygen and hydrogen:
MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g)
Balance oxygen atoms by adding H₂O:
MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) + 7H₂O(l) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g)
Balance hydrogen atoms by adding H⁺ ions:
MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) + 7H₂O(l) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g) + 14H⁺(aq)
Balance the charge by adding electrons (e⁻):
MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) + 7H₂O(l) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g) + 14H⁺(aq) + 5e⁻
Now the equation is balanced. The coefficient of water (H₂O) is 7.
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True or False: Energy can be created.
А
True
B
False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Scientifically, energy can never be created or destroyed. However it can be transfered. This law is called The Law of Conservation of Energy.
Complete the following statements of Dalton's atomic model: a) Elements are composed of minute, particles called atoms. b) Atoms of the same element are alike in and size. c) Atoms of different elements have different and sizes. d) Chemical are formed by the union of two or more different atoms of different elements. e) Atoms combine to form compounds in simple numerical , such as one to one, one to two, etc. f) Atoms of two may combine in different ratios to form more than one compound.
Answer:
a. Indivisible.
b. Mass.
c. Masses.
d. Compound.
e. Elements.
Explanation:
An atom can be defined as the smallest unit comprising of matter that forms all chemical elements. Thus, atoms are basically the building blocks of matters and as such defines the structure of a chemical element.
Generally, these atoms are typically made up of three distinct particles and these are protons, neutrons and electrons.
Hence, all the physical properties of a mineral result from the mineral's internal arrangement of atoms.
The following are statements postulated by the Dalton's atomic model;
a) Elements are composed of minute, indivisible particles called atoms.
b) Atoms of the same element are alike in mass and size.
c) Atoms of different elements have different masses and sizes.
d) Chemical compound are formed by the union of two or more different atoms of different elements.
e) Atoms combine to form compounds in simple numerical ratios, such as one to one, one to two, etc.
f) Atoms of two elements may combine in different ratios to form more than one compound.
The dibasic compound B (pKb1 = 4.00, pKb2 = 8.00) was titrated with 1.00 M HCl. The initial solution of B was 0.100 M and had a volume of 100.0 mL. Find the pH at the following volumes of acid added and make a graph of pH versus Va; Va=0, 1, 5, 9, 10, 11, 15, 19, 20, and 22mL.
The pH values at various volumes of acid (HCl) added to the dibasic compound B can be determined based on its pKb values. By calculating the concentration of the species present at each volume, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to find the corresponding pH values. A graph of pH versus the volume of acid added can be plotted using these calculations.
To find the pH at each volume of acid added, we need to consider the dissociation of the dibasic compound B and the resulting concentrations of its species. The pKb1 and pKb2 values indicate the equilibrium constants for the dissociation reactions. Initially, the volume of acid added is 0 mL, and the concentration of B is 0.100 M. At this point, B is fully ionized, and its concentration is 0 M. Therefore, the pH can be determined by calculating the concentration of OH- ions using the pKb2 value.
As acid (HCl) is added, it reacts with the B species. At each volume, the concentration of B, BH+, and BH2+ can be calculated based on the initial concentration and the volume of acid added. By applying the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation (pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])), the pH can be determined using the appropriate pKb value for each species. By repeating these calculations for each volume of acid added (1, 5, 9, 10, 11, 15, 19, 20, and 22 mL), the corresponding pH values can be obtained. These pH values can then be plotted against the volume of acid added to create a graph of pH versus Va.
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which of the following redox reactions do you expect to occur spontaneously in the forward direction? check all that apply.
a. Fe2+ + Cu2+ → Fe3+ + Cu+
b. Zn + Pb2+ → Zn2+ + Pb
c. Ag+ + Na → Ag + Na+
d. Cl2 + 2Na → 2NaCl
e. Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
The reactions are expected to occur spontaneously in the forward direction; Fe²⁺ + Cu²⁺ → Fe³⁺ + Cu, Zn + Pb²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + Pb, Cl₂ + 2Na → 2NaCl, and Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂. Option A, B, D, and E are correct.
To determine which of the redox reactions are expected to occur spontaneously in forward direction, we will compare the standard reduction potentials of the involved species.
Fe²⁺ + Cu²⁺ → Fe³⁺ + Cu
For this reaction, the reduction potential of Fe²⁺ (-0.44 V) is lower than that of Cu²⁺ (+0.34 V). Therefore, the reaction will be expected to occur spontaneously in the forward direction.
Zn + Pb²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + Pb
The reduction potential of Zn (-0.76 V) is lower than that of Pb²⁺ (-0.13 V). Therefore, the reaction will be expected to occur spontaneously in the forward direction.
Ag⁺ + Na → Ag + Na⁺
The reduction potential of Ag⁺ (+0.80 V) is higher than that of Na (approximately -2.71 V). Therefore, the reaction is not expected to occur spontaneously in the forward direction.
Cl₂ + 2Na → 2NaCl
The reduction potential of Cl₂ (+1.36 V) is higher than that of Na (approximately -2.71 V). Therefore, the reaction is expected to occur spontaneously in the forward direction.
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂
The reduction potential of Mg (-2.37 V) is lower than that of H⁺ (0 V). Therefore, the reaction is expected to occur spontaneously in the forward direction.
Based on the comparison of reduction potentials, the following reactions are expected to occur spontaneously in the forward direction;
Fe²⁺ + Cu²⁺ → Fe³⁺ + Cu
Zn + Pb²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + Pb
Cl₂ + 2Na → 2NaCl
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂
Hence, A. B. D. E. is the correct option.
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3. Which of the rocks from the table would be classified as metamorphic rocks?
A.
Gneiss and slate, only
B.
Granite, only
C.
Limestone and basalt, only
D.
Coal, only
However, in day-to-day experience, the strangeness of Einstein's ideas doesn't help us, and Newton's notions do just fine. In everyday Life, when gravity isn't especially intense, Newton's and Einstein's ways of thinking lead to similar results. The two explanations work like different languages that express the same thing.
—A Black Hole Is NOT a Hole, Carolyn Cinami DeCristofano
Why is it important to learn about Newton's view of gravity? *
It is similar to Einstein's theory.
It is important to know other languages.
It works in most daily situations.
It explains how a black hole works.
Answer:
It works in most daily situations.
Explanation:
:)
Answer:
C. It works in most daily situations.
Explanation:
Edge-nuity 2022
5. A solution has a pH of 9. The solution is best described as:
Answer: Basic
Explanation:
A solution with a pH of more than 7 is considered basic.
Which of the following elements is the smallest?
Answer:
chlorine
Explanation:
4 NH3 + 302
2N2 + 6H₂O
2.) a) A chemist burned 0.25 moles of ammonia gas (NH,) in the presence of excess oxygen
pps to produce 2.95 grams of nitrogen gas (N2). Calculate the theoretical yield of
nitrogen gas.
Answer:
this is hard
Explanation:
Answer:
I'm not sure but maybe 1 g ?!
someone help me answer this !
What is the pH of a 1.0 x 10-2 M HNO3 solution?
chemistry-mole calculations
Answer:
somebody answer this please>>>!!!
Explanation:
!!!
A proposed mechanism for the decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere is Step 1: CI (g) + O3 (g) ~ CIO (g) + 02 (g) Step 2: CIO (g) O3 (g) CI (g) _ 2 02 (g) What is the molecularity of Step 1? a.unimolecular b.termolecular c.More information is needed to answer this question d.bimolecular
e. zeromolecular
The molecularity of Step 1: CI(g) + O3(g) ⟶ CIO(g) + O2(g) is bimolecular.What is molecularity?Molecularity refers to the number of reactant particles that are involved in a step in a chemical reaction.
The total number of molecules reacting in an elementary reaction is called its molecularity. For instance, if two atoms combine to create a molecule, the reaction is known as a bimolecular reaction.The proposed mechanism for the decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere is Step 1: CI (g) + O3 (g) ⟶ CIO (g) + O2 (g) Step 2: CIO (g) + O3 (g) ⟶ CI (g) + 2O2 (g)Let's calculate the molecularity of Step 1:We can see that one Cl atom and one O3 molecule combine to produce one CIO molecule and one O2 molecule. The rate law is thus dependent on the concentration of both reactants. Therefore, the molecularity of Step 1 is bimolecular.
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Select what would most likely happen.
A. The plant population would increase; the fish population would increase.
B. The plant population would decrease; the fish population would increase.
C. The plant population would stay the same; the fish people would decrease.
D. The plant population would increase; the fish people would decrease.
What is the activation energy of this reaction?
50 kJ
100 kJ
150 kJ
200 kJ
Answer:
50 kJ
Explanation:
Activation energy is between the energy of reactants and the peak of the curve.
200 kJ - 150 kJ = 50 kJ
The correct answer is 50kJ
What is Activation Energy?The least amount of energy required to activate atoms or molecules to a state in which they can undergo a chemical reaction is known as Activation Energy.What is the activation energy of this reaction? The activation energy of this reaction is the energy released between reactants and productsIn graph the activation energy is difference between Reactants and the peakTherefore, 200-150=50KJ
Hence 50KJ is activation energy
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Calculate the pH for each of the following cases in the titration of 50.0 mL of 0.230 M HClO(aq) with 0.230 M KOH(aq). The ionization constant for HClO can be found here. (a) before addition of any KOH (b) after addition of 25.0 mL of KOH (c) after addition of 35.0 mL of KOH (d) after addition of 50.0 mL of KOH (e) after addition of 60.0 mL of KOH
By performing the necessary calculations for each case, we can determine the pH values for (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) in the titration of HClO with KOH.
(a) Before the addition of any KOH, the solution contains only HClO. To calculate the pH, we need to consider the ionization of HClO. HClO is a weak acid, and its ionization can be determined using its ionization constant. By using the ionization constant and the initial concentration of HClO, we can calculate the concentration of H+ ions and convert it to pH.
(b) After adding 25.0 mL of KOH, a neutralization reaction occurs between HClO and KOH. The moles of HClO and KOH are now equal, and the solution contains the resulting salt. We can determine the concentration of OH- ions based on the amount of KOH added and calculate the pOH. From pOH, we can obtain the pH by subtracting it from 14.
(c) After adding 35.0 mL of KOH, the solution is still in excess of HClO. We need to determine the remaining moles of HClO and the resulting concentration of H+ ions to calculate the pH.
(d) After adding 50.0 mL of KOH, the moles of HClO and KOH become equal. The solution contains only the salt resulting from the neutralization reaction. We can calculate the concentration of OH- ions and convert it to pOH and then pH.
(e) After adding 60.0 mL of KOH, the solution is in excess of KOH. We need to determine the excess moles of KOH and calculate the concentration of OH- ions to obtain the pOH and pH.
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sort each characteristic according to whether it describes acid, bases, or both.
Answer:
Acids: react with metals, taste sour
Both: can cause burns, conduct electricity
Basis: react with nonmetals, taste bitter
Explanation:
This is the right answer
Answer:
Acids: react with metals, taste sour
Both: can cause burns, conduct electricity
Basis: react with nonmetals, taste bitter
it's right, I did it.
What type of scientists are the team at Stanford who are working to better understand Chinese Purple?A) ChemistsB) Materials C)Scientists D) Physicists
Han purple and Han blue are artificial barium copper silicate pigments that were created in China and utilized in ancient and imperial China beginning in the Western Zhou dynasty. They are also known as Chinese purple and Chinese blue. Chemists understand Chinese purple. The correct option is A.
Chemists create new, previously undiscovered substances as well as those that are naturally existing. Chemists research the characteristics of both organic and inorganic compounds. With the help of this knowledge, scientists can discover strategies to change certain compounds in order to make them more helpful.
Chemists carry out experiments in labs to analyze substances, create new goods, or enhance ones that already exist. They could focus on one or more fields, such as biochemistry, inorganic chemistry, or organic chemistry.
Thus the correct option is A.
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Which of the following elements is a nonmetal?
a. Nitrogen
b. Sodium
c. Iron
d. Silver
e. Calcium
The required correct answer is Nitrogen
Explanation: The following elements is a nonmetal: Nitrogen.
Elements are pure substances that cannot be split into simpler substances through chemical methods. The chemical elements are arranged in the periodic table according to their atomic number, electron configurations, and chemical properties. Elements can be classified into three categories: metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
Nitrogen is a nonmetal element. Nitrogen is a non-metallic chemical element that is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that makes up the majority of Earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7 and is designated by the symbol N.
The element nitrogen has a wide range of uses, including in fertilizers, explosives, rocket fuel, and organic chemistry, among other fields. Nitrogen is also used to preserve and package food products because it is an inert gas that does not react with most other compounds.
To summarize, Nitrogen is a nonmetal element. It is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that makes up the majority of Earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen is used for a variety of purposes, including fertilizers, explosives, rocket fuel, and organic chemistry, among others.
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A buffer solution is prepared by mixing 250 mL of 1.00 M nitrous acid with 50 mL of 1.00 M sodium hydroxide. Is the resulting solution a buffer solution? Yes or No? What is the pH of the resulting solution? The pKa of nitrous acid is 3.35.
Suppose an additional 0.05 moles of sodium hydroxide are added to our buffer solution. What is the change in pH due to the addition of the 0.05 moles of sodium hydroxide?
Yes, the resulting solution is a buffer solution. The pH of the resulting solution is 3.35. The change in pH due to the addition of 0.05 moles of sodium hydroxide is a decrease of 0.70 units, resulting in a new pH of 2.65.
Yes, the resulting solution is a buffer solution. A buffer solution is a solution that can resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it. In this case, the nitrous acid and sodium hydroxide react to form their conjugate acid-base pair, which can help maintain the pH of the solution.
To determine the pH of the resulting solution, we need to compare the concentrations of the conjugate acid (nitrous acid, HNO₂) and conjugate base (nitrite ion, NO₂⁻) in the buffer solution.
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used to calculate the pH of a buffer solution
pH = pKa + log([conjugate base]/[conjugate acid])
Volume of nitrous acid (conjugate acid) = 250 mL = 0.250 L
Concentration of nitrous acid (conjugate acid) = 1.00 M
Volume of sodium hydroxide (conjugate base) = 50 mL = 0.050 L
Concentration of sodium hydroxide (conjugate base) = 1.00 M
pKa of nitrous acid = 3.35
[conjugate base] = concentration of sodium hydroxide = 1.00 M
[conjugate acid] = concentration of nitrous acid = 1.00 M
pH = 3.35 + log(1.00/1.00) = 3.35
Therefore, the pH of the resulting solution is 3.35.
For the second part of the question, if an additional 0.05 moles of sodium hydroxide are added, we need to determine the change in pH.
Since the volume of the solution remains the same, the final concentration of sodium hydroxide ([conjugate base]) will be
[conjugate base] = (initial moles of sodium hydroxide + additional moles of sodium hydroxide) / total volume
[conjugate base] = (0.050 moles + 0.05 moles) / (0.250 L + 0.050 L) = 0.20 M
Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation with the updated concentration of the conjugate base, we can calculate the new pH
pH = pKa + log([conjugate base]/[conjugate acid])
pH = 3.35 + log(0.20/1.00) = 3.35 - 0.699 = 2.65
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Which of the following is a large, burning ball of gas? (2 points)
a
Asteroid
b
Moon
c
Planet
d
Sun
Answer: D: sun
Explanation:
Heart, veins, arteries, capillaries: Which organ system do these belong to?
O
Digestive
Musculoskeletal
Respiratory
Circulatory
Excretory
Answer:
Circulatory
Explanation:
The circulatory system consists of the heart, lungs, arteries, veins, coronary, and portal vessels.
Magnesium oxide (mgo) has the rock salt crystal structure and a density of 3.58 g/cm3. the atomic weights of magnesium and oxygen are 24.31 g/mol and 16.00 g/mol, respectively. (a) determine the unit cell edge length.
Answer:
(a) The unit cell edge length 0.421 nm
Explanation:
Lets calculate -:
Given -
density = [tex]3.58g/cm^3[/tex]
Molecular weight of MgO = 24.31 +16
[tex]40.13 g/mole[/tex]
Avagadro number = [tex]6.022\times10^2^3[/tex]
In rock salt structure , there are four anions and four cations , hence Z=4 (Number of formula per unit cell)
Now, using the formula -
[tex]d=\frac{ZM}{N_Aa^3}[/tex]
[tex]a=[\frac{ZM}{N_Ad}]]^\frac{1}{3}[/tex]
Now, putting the given values
[tex]a=\frac{4\times40.13g/mole}{6.022\times10^2^3\times(3.58g/cm^3)}[/tex]
[tex]4.21\times10^-^8 cm[/tex]
= 0.421 nm
Hence , the unit cell edge length = 0.421 nm
The unit cell edge length of magnesium oxide (MgO) is equal to 0.421 nanometer.
Given the following data:
Density = 3.58 [tex]g/cm^3[/tex]Atomic weight of magnesium = 24.31 g/mol.Atomic weight of oxygen = 16.00 g/mol.Scientific data:
Avogadro's number = [tex]6.02 \times 10^{23}[/tex]Z for FCC = 4Molar mass of magnesium oxide (MgO) = [tex]24.31 + 16 = 40.31 \;g/mol.[/tex]To determine the unit cell edge length:
Mathematically, the unit cell edge length for a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure is given by the formula:
[tex]a=\sqrt[3]{\frac{ZM}{\rho N_A} }[/tex]
Where:
Z is the number of atoms per unit cell.[tex]\rho[/tex] is the density.M is the molar mass.[tex]N_A[/tex] is the Avogadro constant.Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;
[tex]a=\sqrt[3]{\frac{4 \; \times \;40.31}{3.58\; \times \;6.02 \times 10^{23}} }\\\\a=\sqrt[3]{\frac{161.24}{2.16 \times 10^{24}}}\\\\a=\sqrt[3]{7.47 \times 10^{-23}} \\\\a=4.21 \times 10^{-8}\;meter[/tex]
Note: [tex]1 \;nanometer = 1 \times 10^{-9} \;meter[/tex]
a = 0.421 nanometer.
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Conisder the reactions and their equilibrium constants.
A+2B<--->2C K1=2.45
2C<--->D. K2=0.124
Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction D−⇀A+2B. D ↽− ⇀ A + 2 B .
The equilibrium constant for the reaction D ⇌ A + 2B is approximately 0.3038.
What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction?The equilibrium constant, K, for the reaction D ⇌ A + 2B is calculated from the equilibrium constants of the individual reactions and from the principle of multiplying and dividing equilibrium constants.
Given the reactions and their equilibrium constants:
A + 2B ⇌ 2C with K1 = 2.45
2C ⇌ D with K2 = 0.124
To obtain the equilibrium constant for the desired reaction, we can multiply the equilibrium constants of the individual reactions:
K = K1 * K2
K = 2.45 * 0.124
K = 0.3038
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How many moles of CaCO3 are needed to dissolve in 0.600 liters to make a
2.25 M solution?
A 0.267 mol
B 3.77 mol
C 1.35 mol
D 2.43 mol
Answer:
1.35 moles of CaCO₃
Explanation:
Molarity, it is a sort of concentration that indicates the amount of moles in 1 L of solution.
M = mol /L
This is a simple equation
M = 2.25 M
Our volume is 0.6L
M . L = mol
Then, 2.25 mol/L . 0.6L = 1.35 moles
We need 1.35 moles of CaCO₃
When dissolving a gas, an increase in pressure will result in a(n) ______________ in solubility.
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the experimental volume of the flask to be incorrect?
The constant temperature water bath decreases the volume occupied by the gas.
The volume labeled on the flask is not an accurate measure of the total volume of the flask.
The HCl solution added to the flask decreases the volume occupied by gas.
The rubber stopper used to seal the flask decreases the volume occupied by the gas.
Answer:
2
Explanation:
i dont andesdant
The experimental volume of the flask is found to be incorrect as the volume labeled on the flask is not an accurate measure of the total volume of the flask as it will result in errors.
What are errors?
Errors in chemical analysis result when there is a difference between observed value and the true value.If the magnitude of errors is large , it results in decrease in accuracy, reproducibility, and precision.
There are three types of errors:1) random error 2) systematic error 3) human error.The cause of random errors are difficult to quantify while the human errors can be minimized by taking a range of readings to reduce the error.
Errors while measuring boiling point may be human errors while noting down the boiling temperature or instrumental or systematic error if there is a fault in the thermometer.
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Complete the equation and indicate if a precipitate forms.
Li+(aq) + Br-(aq) + Pb2+(aq) + NO3-(aq) →
Answer:
Li⁺(aq) + 2Br⁻(aq) + Pb²⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq) → PbBr₂(s) + NO₃⁻(aq) + Li⁺(aq)
A precipitate forms
Explanation:
To solve this question we must know the general solubility rules:
All group 1A (Li, Na, K...) and NH₄⁺ ions are always soluble.
The nitrates (NO₃⁻) and acetates are always solubles.
Cl⁻, Br⁻ and I⁻ are soluble except in the presence of Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu⁺ and Hg₂²⁺
That means in the mixture of ions that we have, the Br⁻ will react with Pb²⁺ to produce PbBr₂(s):
Li⁺(aq) + 2Br⁻(aq) + Pb²⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq) → PbBr₂(s) + NO₃⁻(aq) + Li⁺(aq)Solids tend to be dense and difficult to __1__. They do not flow or take the shape of their containers, like liquids do, because the particles in solids vibrate around __2__ points. When a solid is heated until its particles vibrate so rapidly that they are no longer held in fixed positions, the solid __3__. The __4__ is the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. The melting and __5__ of a substance are at the same temperature. In general, ionic solids tend to have relatively __6__ melting points, while molecular solids tend to have relatively low melting points. Most solids are __7__. The particles are arranged in a pattern known as a crystal __8__. The smallest subunit of a crystal lattice is the __9__. Some solids lack an ordered internal structure and are called __10__ solids.
Answer:
1. Compress.
2. Fixed.
3. Melts.
4. Melting point.
5. Freezing point.
6. High.
7. Crystalline.
8. Lattice.
9. Unit cell.
10. Amorphous.
Explanation:
In science, matter can be defined as anything that has mass and occupies space. Any physical object that is found on earth is typically composed of matter. Matter are known to be made up of atoms and as a result has the property of existing in states.
Generally, matter exists in three (3) distinct or classical phases and these are;
1. Gas: it is the state of matter in which the physical substance has no definite shape or volume and as a result fills all available space. Also, gases are easily compressible and can flow. Examples of gases are hydrogen, oxygen, argon, nitrogen etc.
2. Liquid: it is the state of matter in which the physical substance can be poured and it takes the shape of its container. Also, liquids generally have a definite volume. Examples of liquids are urine, water, milk, blood etc.
3. Solid: it is the state of matter in which the physical substance has a definite shape and fixed volume but not compressible. Examples of solids are pen, screwdriver, television, car etc.
Filling the missing words (texts) of the question, we have;
Solids tend to be dense and difficult to compress. They do not flow or take the shape of their containers, like liquids do, because the particles in solids vibrate around fixed points. When a solid is heated until its particles vibrate so rapidly that they are no longer held in fixed positions, the solid melts. The melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. The melting and freezing point of a substance are at the same temperature. In general, ionic solids tend to have relatively high melting points, while molecular solids tend to have relatively low melting points. Most solids are crystalline. The particles are arranged in a pattern known as a crystal lattice. The smallest subunit of a crystal lattice is the unit cell. Some solids lack an ordered internal structure and are called amorphous solids.