Answer:
B. Ingestion of bacteria
Explanation:
Phagocytosis is not pathogen-specific
Ingestion of bacteria is not a pathogen-specific defence; it is a general mechanism of the immune system to clear any harmful particles, including bacteria. The correct option is B.
Pathogen-specific defences involve T-cells, B-cells, and antibodies, which target and eliminate specific types of pathogens in a highly specialized manner.
T-cells: They are a part of the pathogen-specific defence system. T-cells help identify and destroy infected cells and regulate the immune response.B-cells: B-cells are another type of white blood cell that is essential in the immune response. They produce antibodies, which are proteins that specifically target and neutralize specific pathogens. D. Antibodies: Antibodies are produced by B-cells and are a key part of the pathogen-specific defence system. They recognize and bind to specific pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells.Whereas, ingestion of bacteria is a general mechanism of the immune system, where white blood cells called macrophages engulf and destroy bacteria and other foreign particles.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
To know more about Pathogens, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/32249576
#SPJ3
How to compare my DNA with the DNA of my best friend?
How would our DNA be similar? How would it be different?
Human DNA is 99.9% identical from person to person. Although 0.1% difference doesn't sound like a lot, it actually represents millions of different locations within the genome where variation can occur, equating to a breathtakingly large number of potentially unique DNA sequences.
hope this helps u :)
A researcher studying lobsters notices that there are distinctly different populations found in certain areas of their distribution. She postulates that this is due to primarily to coevolutionary relationships that are different in different areas due to the distribution of various parasites and mutualistic partners of the lobster species. If this hypothesis is correct it would be a clear example of ______________.
She postulates that this is due to primarily to coevolutionary relationships that are different in different areas due to the distribution of various parasites and mutualistic partners of the lobster species. If this hypothesis is correct it would be a clear example of mosaic coevolution.
According to the mosaic hypothesis of coevolution, geographic location and community ecology influence the different coevolution between closely related species in various populations. These populations might be divided in terms of time or location. Interspecific relationships can be mutualistic or hostile depending on the ecological circumstances. In mutualisms, both individuals gain from the encounter, whereas in antagonistic interactions, one partner typically has decreased fitness.Arms races involve two species figuring out how to "one up" each other. These correlations are influenced by a number of variables, such as trait mixing, hot regions, and cold places.
learn more about mosaic coevolution here: https://brainly.com/question/1489642
#SPJ4
She postulates that this is primarily to coevolutionary relationships that are different in different areas due to the distribution of various parasites and mutualistic partners of the lobster species. If this hypothesis is correct it would be a clear example of mosaic coevolution.
What is mosaic coevolution?The mosaic theory of coevolution states that geographic location and community ecology have an impact on the many coevolution between closely related species in different populations.
These populations may be separated based on time or place. Depending on the ecological context, interspecific relationships might be friendly or hostile.
In mutualism, both parties benefit from the interaction, whereas one party often has worse fitness in hostile interactions.
Arms races occur when two species try to outdo one another.
Trait mixing, hot locations, and cold places are only a few of the factors that affect these connections.
learn more about mosaic coevolution here: https://brainly.com/question/1489642
#SPJ4
The region of the nephron that collectively (when combining the effects of each of your nephrons) produces about 180 L of filtrate per day is the:
The region of the nephron that collectively (when combining the effects of each of your nephrons) produces about 180 L of filtrate per day is the Glomerulus capsule.
Small molecules and water can pass through the Bowman's capsule, which encloses the glomerulus, but larger molecules cannot. The Bowman's capsule is then used to collect the filtrate and transmit it through the nephron.The vascular system of the glomerulus produces a filtrate from the blood that enters the urinary space defined by Bowman's capsule, The tubule, and the duct, where the reabsorption of ions, proteins, and water back into the bloodstream determines the final composition of the urine.
learn more about Glomerulus capsule here: https://brainly.com/question/20694510
#SPJ4
________ is a floristic association usually found in slightly drier climates than the forest floristic association. Shrublands Steppes Woodlands Beaches Grasslands
Answer: Woodlands
Explanation:
Escherichia coli has a doubling time of 30 minutes. If a culture has 10 E. coli cells at the beginning of log phase, how many E. coli cells will be in the culture after two hours
80 E. coli cells will be in the culture after two hours.
What is culture?The development of the human, plant, or animal cells in a lab, as well as microorganisms like bacteria and yeast. Cell cultures can be used for research, medication testing, and infection diagnosis.
Primary (mortal) cultures and cultures of established (immortal) cell lines are the two main categories of cultures.
One of the most crucial methods in cellular and molecular biology is cell culture because it offers a platform for studying the biology, biochemistry, physiology, metabolism, and other aspects of both healthy and diseased cells.
A culture of 10 E. coli cells.
Incubation time = 2 hours = 120min
Doubling time = 30min (120/30 = 4)
So, 1 cell - 30min = 2 cells - 30min = 4 cells - 30min = 8 cells - 30min
Therefore, 8 ₓ 10 = 80cells of E. coli at the end of 2 hours of incubation time.
To know more about cell culture refer to: https://brainly.com/question/9177917
#SPJ4
Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT Group of answer choices they change the pH of the environment. they produce lysozyme. they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria. they compete with pathogens for nutrients. they produce antibacterial chemicals.
Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways except they produce lysozyme.
Normal microbiota provides protection from infection by producing lysozyme:Normal Microbiota (Normal Flora) Microorganisms that live with us or colonize on the surface of our body. The areas of the skin that are dry, wet, and sebum-rich are dominated by various types of bacteria. Betaproteobacteria and Propionibacteria are often the most prevalent germs in the dry and sebaceous regions, respectively. Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus are most frequently found in damp areas.
By activating immune responses, metabolically keeping pathogens out of their favored habitats, and directly combating microbes, the microbiota defends against infection. A significant risk factor for the colonization of bacteria-causing pathogens is the disruption of the microbiota, notably by antibiotics.
Learn more about microbiota here:
https://brainly.com/question/14602840
#SPJ4
A duplicated chromosome consists of two ______. A duplicated chromosome consists of two ______. genomes centrosomes centromeres sister chromatids
Answer:
The answer is chromatids.
Explanation:
A duplicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
A duplicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids, which are exact copies of each other. During the S (synthesis) phase of the cell cycle, the DNA of a chromosome is replicated to produce two identical DNA molecules, and these two DNA molecules remain attached at a specialized region called the centromere. This attachment holds the sister chromatids together until they are separated during cell division.
When the cell enters mitosis (or meiosis), the duplicated chromosome condenses and becomes visible under a microscope. The sister chromatids are held together at the centromere, forming an X-shaped structure. During the process of cell division, the sister chromatids are pulled apart and distributed to the two daughter cells, ensuring that each cell receives an identical set of genetic information.
The presence of sister chromatids in a duplicated chromosome is essential for maintaining genetic stability and accurately transmitting genetic material from one generation of cells to the next. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
Learn more about chromosome, here:
https://brainly.com/question/30077641
#SPJ7
Dimples are dominant. A dimpled man and a non-dimpled woman have 10 children, all dimpled. We might be tempted to assume that the father homozygous for the dimpled trait. Do we know this
DD is homozygous dominant, the dominant allele will shown so they will have dimples.
What is homozygous?When an organism is homozygous, it contains two copies of the same allele for a gene. When two copies of the same dominant allele or two copies of the same recessive allele are present in an organism, it is said to be homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive respectively. Homozygosity is the presence of two dominant alleles (AA) or two recessive alleles (aa).The recessive allele is suppressed by the dominant one.
What is heterozygous?The two distinct alleles in a heterozygous genotype interact with one another. This controls how their characteristics are shown. This encounter frequently centers on dominance. The stronger allele is referred to as "dominant," whilst the weaker allele is referred to as "recessive." The dominant allele covers up this recessive one.
Learn more about homozygosity here:
https://brainly.com/question/14355049
#SPJ4
can someone please help me with meassuring pH lab report edge
Answer:
hey i am sending you the link from that link you can find your answers
Explanation:
https://acrobat.adobe.com/link/review?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:55617ca4-6031-3011-a5b5-356b52d34d36
A woman cannot produce several types of lipases and amylases. name a problem
this individual would have and explain why.
Answer:
Lipases and Amylases:
Lipases are a class of digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas. These enzymes are responsible for breaking down fatty acid chains into their smaller sub units so that they can be absorbed by the body. Amylases are a class of digestive enzyme produces by the salivary glands in the mouth and the pancreas. These enzymes breakdown carbohydrates into smaller sub units so they can be absorbed.
Explanation:
because of excessive amount of protease this problem may have protein lack causing various problem in body
DNA Polymerase is responsible for:
A. adding the new bases.
B. linking the short sections of the lagging side.
C. keeping the strands separated during replication.
D. unwinding and separating the DNA strands.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
DNA polymerase is responsible for adding to the bases of the structure.
what is the end result of miosis
Answer:
Meiosis results in the formation of four daughter cells that are haploid.
Meiosis is a process of cell division.
Hope it helps!
Answer:
four daughter cells
Explanation:
You are working on a forensics team and collecting some cells from a crime scene. The cells are angular, rigid, and have a cell wall made up of cellulose. This sample most likely came from a(n)
The cells are angular, rigid, and have a cell wall made up of cellulose. This sample most likely came from a plant.
Chloroplasts, cell walls, and intracellular vacuoles are a few characteristics that set plant cells apart. Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, cell walls provide plants the strength to stand upright, and vacuoles control how cells handle water and store other molecules.Plants have a specific cell wall in addition to a cell membrane. Cellulose, a thick material containing several sugar units, makes up this. This allows plants to seem rigid and robust because of their thick feature. Human cells, in contrast, lack a cell wall and are more flexible and spherical than plant cells.
learn more about plant cell here: https://brainly.com/question/913732
#SPJ4
What is the name of the structure labeled A in the diagram below?
Why was the bacterio-phage an excellent choice for research to determine whether genes are made of DNA or proteins?
Because it is a simple phage, DNA surrounded by a protein coat. This two part structure helped make it easy to figure out which part is causing the transformation.
Hope this helps! :)
The process of liquid water gaining enough energy to turn into a vapor is called ________.
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation
D. Transpiration
Answer:
A
Explanation:
because when sun shines on water, it turns into heat and evaporate
The presence of ________ can be used to distinguish staphylococcus from other gram-positive cocci.
Answer: catalase test
Explanation: (this is easy).
The catalase test is a particularly important test used to determine whether the Gram + cocci is a staphylococci or a streptococci. Catalase is an enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen gas.
Adults who are on their feet alot for work will often soak their swollen ankles in a pail of hot water with Epsom salt dissolved in it what type of solution is the foot soaking in.
1. Hypertonic
2. Hypotonic
3. Isotonic
The type of solution formed is hypertonic.
What are hypertonic solutions?Hypertonic solutions are solutions with higher dissolved solutes as compared to the sap of the cells suspended in them.
Epsom salt is made up largely of magnesium sulfate. Thus, a solution formed by dissolving Epsom salt is water will have more magnesium in it than the cells of the part of the body soaked in it.
Hence, such a solution is hypertonic.
More on hypertonic solutions can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/13886457
#SPJ1
What is a possible consequence of decreased biodiversity?
O A. Replacement species fill the niches of extinct species.
OB. Resilience to change increases.
O C. Natural food sources disappear.
OD. New medicines are discovered in the wild.
Answer: it will be c , got it right on my test
Explanation:
Imagine that a company is planning to build a new factory in your region that will provide hundreds of well-paid jobs, but will cause minor amounts of air pollution within a two-mile radius. answer the following questions: how would you rate your support for the factory if you lived 50 miles away from its planned location? how would you rate your support for the factory if you only lived one mile away from its planned location? explain any differences between your answers.
I would support the factory if I lived 50 miles away from the planned factory location. However, I would be worried if I only lived one mile away from the planned factory, because of possible health effects, bad smells, and a potential decrease in property values.
What is Air pollution ?Factories contaminate the air by blowing chemical vapors and smoke out through vents and smokestacks, and by burning waste in open dumps or incinerators.
Exhaust from generators, diesel trucks, and buses also fill the air with dangerous gases.The amount of toxic gases that factories release into the air increases health and environmental damages. In factories, toxic materials and gases, like carbon dioxide and methane, are burned and pumped out into the atmosphere.Learn more about Air pollution here:
https://brainly.com/question/1187636
#SPJ4
If inhibiting thyroid hormone release with PTU (propylthiouracil) in an experiment, the ____ group receives PTU and the ____ group receives no PTU.
If inhibiting thyroid hormone release with PTU (propylthiouracil) in an experiment, the experimental group receives PTU and the control group receives no PTU.
What is propylthiouracil (PTU) used for?The thyroid gland's ability to produce fresh thyroid hormone is inhibited by the drug propylthiouracil. It works by preventing the thyroid peroxidase enzyme from doing its normal job of converting iodide to an iodine molecule and incorporating that molecule into the amino acid tyrosine.PTU prevents iodine and peroxidase from forming T4 and T3 from reacting normally with thyroglobulin. Thyroid hormone synthesis is decreased by this action. Because T3 is more effective than T4 and PTU prevents T4 from being converted to T3, thyroid hormone activity is also decreased.An important factor in controlling body temperature is thyroid hormone. The body must rely more on shivering to regulate temperature in the absence of thyroid hormone. To generate ATP, additional oxygen must be used.To know more about thyroid here:
https://brainly.com/question/27580691
#SPJ4
Is a type of weathering where rock is broken down as it absorbs water
Answer:
This is known as Mechanical Weathering.
Explanation:
Mechanical weathering is the process by which surfaces are degraded by interacting with something else, physically. Common methods of weathering are caused by wind, ice and water. Valleys are a distinct example of weathering and come in two types — “U” valleys and “V” valleys, so called because they are in the shape of those two letters.
How does mechanical and chemical weathering differ?
Erosion is the result of weathering (not the only one, but a major one). Chemical weathering is the result of interactions between a rock and its surroundings, often air or water. The elements in air and water can react with a rock's minerals to break them down into softer substances. Rocks that are exposed at the surface are therefore changed by these processes and become "weathered": their color is faded, their surface is softer, and they are crumbly (often). As iron-containing minerals oxidize, weathered rocks can take on a variety of red, orange, and yellow hues. Ice, for example, creates a lot of mechanical damage called physical weathering. When water freezes, it pushes the joint or crack farther apart, eventually causing the exposed rocks to break. Water seeps into joints and fissures in the rocks. Rocks are broken down by weathering and erosion into smaller and smaller pieces until soil is created or the smaller pieces may be carried by flowing water into streams and rivers, where they are sorted by size and redeposited as gravels, sands, and mud.
In a wheel and axel,the radius of the wheel is 50cm and that of the axel is 20 cm.if a load is 2000n is lifted by applying an effort of 1000n,calculate ma,vr and
The value of actual machine advantage (MA) is 2, velocity ration (VR) is 2.5 and efficiency η is 80%.
Calculation:
It is given that the radius of the wheel is 50 cm, radius of axle is 20 cm, load is 2000 N and effort is 1000 N.
Let, R = 50 cm
r = 20 cm
L= 2000 N
E = 1000 N
We have to calculate actual machine advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency.
We know that,
Actual machine advantage is the ratio of load and effort.MA=L/E
=2000/1000
=2
Velocity ratio is obtained by the ratio of radius of wheel to the radius of axle.VR=R/r
=50/20
=2.5
Efficiency is the percentage of the ratio of actual advantage and velocity ration.η=(MA/VR)*100
=(2/2.5)*100
=(0.8)*100
=80%
Since your question is incomplete, your complete question might be
"In a wheel and axel, the radius of the wheel is 50cm and that of the axel is 20 cm. If a load is 2000n is lifted by applying an effort of 1000n,calculate ma, vr and η."
Learn more about simple machine here,
https://brainly.com/question/18883736
#SPJ4
1. Which of the following are leaf characteristics that can be used to classify plants? (Choose all that apply)
blade width
color
venation
arrangement
The leaf characteristics that can be used to classify plants include:
ColorVenationArrangementWhat are Plants?This is referred to as photosynthetic eukaryotes which have structures such as roots in the ground.
Plants are grouped based on the features of their leaves which are mentioned above.
Read more about Plants here https://brainly.com/question/600212
#SPJ1
In the condensation part of the water cycle, what is the change of state that water goes through?
Answer:
[tex]\huge\boxed{\sf Gas \ to \ liquid}[/tex]
Explanation:
Condensation:Condensation is the state when water turns from gas to liquid.So, when water changes from gas to liquid in the water cycle, it rains.
[tex]\rule[225]{225}{2}[/tex]
Condensation is the process where water vapor becomes liquid. It is the reverse of evaporation, where liquid water becomes a vapor.
Which of the following are reactants of photosynthesis?
O 6CO2 + 6H₂O + Energy
O C6H12O6 + 602
O CO2 + H₂O + Energy
O C6H12O6 + 02
Phage typing is based on the fact thatbacteria are destroyed by viruses.viruses cause disease.bacterial viruses attack only members of a specific species.phages and bacteria are related.Staphylococcus causes infections.
B) bacterial viruses attack only members of a specific species.
However micro organisms and viruses have also been fighting every other for a totally long time and studying the manner they fight has taught us loads approximately how organisms exchange over the years and feature additionally brought about the discovery of a really interesting studies device. This war between bacteria and viruses is about the capacity to reproduce.
A bacteriophage is a plague that infects a bacterium. Archaea also are inflamed with the aid of viruses, whether or not those must be known as 'phages' is arguable, however, they are included as such inside the scope of this newsletter.
Like all viruses, bacteriophages are very species-particular in regard to their hosts and normally most effective infect a single bacterial species or even particular lines inside a species. Once a bacteriophage attaches to a prone host, it pursues one in every of two replication techniques: lytic or lysogenic.
Learn more about viruses here https://brainly.com/question/25236237
#SPJ4
The two DNA strands are held together by hydrogen bonding between the bases on the different strands; therefore, all the bases are on the ____________ of the double helix, and the sugar-phosphate backbones are on the ____________ .
The two DNA strands are held together by hydrogen bonding between the bases on the different strands; therefore, all the bases are on the inside of the double helix, and the sugar-phosphate backbones are on the outside.
The two strands are held collectively via hydrogen bonds between pairs of bases: adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.
Covalent bonds arise inside every linear strand and strongly bond the bases, sugars, and phosphate groups (each within each thing and between additives).
Hydrogen bonds occur among the two strands and contain a base from one strand with a base from the second in complementary pairing.
Learn more about Hydrogen bonds here: https://brainly.com/question/1420470
#SPJ4
Refer to this portion of a dichotomous key for fish identification to answer the question. According to this dichotomous key, any catfish must have
According to this dichotomous key, any catfish must be leathery, that is, without scales. They have a flattened body, as in most fish with benthic habits, that is, they live at the bottom of the waters. Coloration varies from bluish gray to yellow. It can reach 1 meter in length and weigh about 5 kilos.
What is catfish?Catfish and catfish are common designations given to fish of the order Siluriformes in most of South America.About 2,200 species of these fish are known, classified into almost 40 families (only two, Ariidae and Plotosidae, have marine species). They are found almost all over the world, but more than half of the known species are native to South America.
With this information, we can conclude that the catfish (Ictaluruspunctatus) is a representative fish of the order Siluriformes, family Ictaluridae, characterized by not having scales.
Learn more about catfish in brainly.com/question/14774645
#SPJ1
The core of Linnaeus' system of biological classification is a close examination of physical similarities and differences between groups of organisms. That is, comparisons of
The core of Linnaeus' system of biological classification is a close examination of physical similarities and differences between groups of organisms. That is, comparisons of similarities in obvious physical traits.
Taxonomy, or the science of categorizing and naming living things, was founded by Carolus Linnaeus. The creation of a hierarchical framework for classifying nature was one of his accomplishments. Eight taxa are currently part of this system: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.Living creatures are still categorized using the Linnean method, but we now recognize that the divisions into Kingdoms and Species are somewhat arbitrary. Physical comparisons can occasionally be deceptive, but they are frequently useful for determining connections between species.Sharks, dolphins, and penguins are not closely related, but because they swim through the water, they have all developed streamlined body shapes.learn more about Linnaeus' system here: https://brainly.com/question/12180488
#SPJ4