Four ways to control extraneous variables are Use Random Assignment, Conduct a Pilot Study, Match Participants, and Use Statistical Control.
Use Random Assignment: Randomly assigning participants to different groups or conditions can help ensure that extraneous variables are distributed equally across the groups. This means that any differences in outcomes between the groups can be attributed to the variable being studied rather than other factors.
Conduct a Pilot Study: A pilot study involves testing the experimental design on a small sample of participants before conducting the actual study. This allows researchers to identify and control for extraneous variables that may arise during the study.
Match Participants: Matching participants based on key characteristics can help control for extraneous variables. For example, if gender is a key factor in the study, participants can be matched based on gender to ensure equal representation across groups.
Use Statistical Control: Statistical control involves including extraneous variables in the analysis to account for their effects on the outcome variable. This can be done through techniques such as regression analysis or analysis of covariance.
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Why did one of the most famous developmental psychologists (Bronfenbrenner) organize this discussion forum, and why did American Psychologist decide to print it? In other words, why do these people think it's valuable to study the history of psychology? (4-5 sentences)
One of the most famous developmental psychologists, Bronfenbrenner, organized this discussion forum because he recognized the importance of understanding the history of psychology to inform current research and practices. American Psychologist decided to print it because they, too, acknowledged the value in analyzing the field's past to shape its future.
Studying the history of psychology provides valuable insights into the progression of ideas, theories, and methodologies, allowing researchers to build upon previous work, avoid past mistakes, and develop new approaches to better address psychological issues.
Overall, these experts believe that by examining the history of psychology, the field can continue to grow and improve, ultimately benefiting the lives of individuals and society as a whole.
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What were race relations like outside the American South?
In many places outside the South, there have been initiatives to combat racial inequity and advance diversity and inclusion. However, problems like institutional racism, police brutality, and unequal access to healthcare.
What modifications were made to African Americans' lives in the 1920s?Black Americans wanted political engagement, improved living conditions, and steady jobs during this decade. Many people who immigrated to the North worked in the transportation, steel, shipbuilding, and meatpacking sectors. increased work, however, also meant increased exploitation.
What was the Southern Civil Rights Movement?The American South served as the focal point of the civil rights movement because there, racial inequality in education, employment opportunities, and the political and legal systems was most pronounced and there was a concentration of African Americans.
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19. The habitus is:
A.classificatory schemes of perception and appreciation that mediate the relationship between the social structure and the motives/position taking of actors B.network of shared meanings and understandings that individuals draw from to construct identities, negotiate situational definitions, and create social solidarity or social integration C.ideas, aspirations, and objectives, that by their content, transcend the established universe of discourse and action are either repelled or reduced to terms of this universe
The habitus is: Option C.ideas, aspirations, and objectives, that by their content, transcend the established universe of discourse and action are either repelled or reduced to terms of this universe
The habitus is one of the focal ideas of Bordieu's humanistic work. It is made up of different social position-related ways of behaving, thinking, and feeling, and it makes people who live in the same homogeneous environment share similar lifestyles. The correct option is C.
Members of the elite social classes create their own habitus and dominate the lower social classes by cultivating tastes for fine foods, wines, and art and by vacationing in expensive and remote locations.
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The habitus is: A. classificatory schemes of perception and appreciation that mediate the relationship between the social structure and the motives/position taking of actors. This concept helps explain how individuals navigate and interact within their social environments based on their learned dispositions and experiences.
Habitus is a concept developed by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, which refers to the set of dispositions, behaviors, and attitudes that are acquired through socialization and internalized as second nature. Habitus shapes an individual's perceptions, preferences, and actions, and is often shaped by an individual's social and economic background. Habitus is not fixed or immutable, but can change over time through socialization and exposure to new experiences. Bourdieu argued that habitus plays a significant role in shaping social inequality, as individuals from privileged backgrounds are more likely to possess the cultural capital and social skills valued in dominant society, giving them advantages in areas such as education and the job market.
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which term do we use to refer to the instances where the same individuals are both the beneficiaries and the targets of the norm?
The term used to refer to the instances where the same individuals are both the beneficiaries and the targets of the norm is "self-regarding norms."
Self-regarding norms are norms that regulate behavior that affects only oneself, such as personal hygiene, health behaviors, or self-care. These norms are unique in that they are both the beneficiaries and the targets of the norm, as individuals who follow these norms benefit themselves by improving their health, well-being, or personal appearance.
In contrast, other-regarding norms are norms that regulate behavior that affects others, such as social norms against littering or norms of politeness. Other-regarding norms are the beneficiaries of the norm, as they benefit society as a whole, but they are not the targets of the norm.
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A team in the middle of the ______ stage of team development experiences individual conflicts and the emergence of individual personalities within the group. Multiple choice question.
A team in the middle of the storming stage of team development experiences individual conflicts and the emergence of individual personalities within the group.
During the storming stage, team members start to open up and share their ideas, which can lead to conflicts as they try to establish their roles within the team. Personalities may clash, and individuals may question the authority of the team leader or the goals of the team. This can cause tension and uncertainty, but it is a natural part of the team development process.To move beyond the storming stage, team members must learn to communicate effectively, listen to each other's perspectives, and work collaboratively to resolve conflicts. This will help the team establish a shared vision and goals and ultimately move on to the norming stage, where they can start to work together more effectively.
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which scholar originally coined the term symbolic interactionism in 1937
Herbert Blumer was the first scholar to create the phrase symbolic interactionism in 1937.
Blumer was an American sociologist who was highly influenced by the work of philosopher and social psychologist George Herbert Mead. Blumer believed that people connect with one another through shared symbols and meanings, and that these interactions alter our knowledge of our surroundings.
He saw symbolic interactionism as a means of connecting micro-level human interactions to macro-level social formations. Symbolic interactionism is now regarded as a key theoretical paradigm in sociology. Symbolic interactionism examines how humans produce and interpret meaning via the use of symbols.
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One concern regarding the prevalence of EBD is the disproportionate number of young _____ males who are identified.
A. Asian
B. Caucasian
C. Latino
D. African American
One concern regarding the prevalence of EBD is the disproportionate number of young D African American males who are identified
According to the National Center on Education Statistics, African American students are disproportionately identified and disciplined for EBD (Emotional and Behavioral Disorders).
African American students represent 16.7% of the total public school population, yet they account for 33.2% of the total number of students identified with EBD.
This disproportionate representation of African American males in the EBD population is concerning and speaks to a need for further research and reform. Moreover, this data points to the need to find ways to reduce the number of African American students identified with EBD, while also recognizing that the current system of identification and discipline may be contributing to the problem.
This could include increased access to mental health services, better identification practices, and more effective intervention strategies.
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______ attempt to explain why and how policy-making occurs.
Answer:
Policy-making theories attempt to explain why and how policy-making occurs. These theories provide frameworks for understanding the complex and dynamic nature of policy-making, and they seek to identify the factors that influence policy-making outcomes.
There are many different policy-making theories, each of which emphasizes different aspects of the policy-making process. For example, elite theory emphasizes the role of a small and powerful group of elites in shaping policy outcomes, while pluralist theory emphasizes the importance of interest groups and other stakeholders in the policy-making process.
Other policy-making theories include rational choice theory, which emphasizes the role of self-interest and rational decision-making in policy-making, and institutional theory, which focuses on the influence of formal and informal institutions in shaping policy outcomes. There are also more recent theories, such as advocacy coalition framework, which emphasizes the role of coalitions of actors in shaping policy outcomes.
Overall, policy-making theories provide a useful framework for understanding the complex and dynamic nature of policy-making, and they can help policy analysts and practitioners to identify the key factors that influence policy-making outcomes.
how did the credit alliance decision expand the privity standard?
The Credit Alliance decision expanded the privity standard by allowing a third party to sue a professional (such as an accountant or auditor) for negligence, even if there was no direct contractual relationship between the third party and the professional.
Before the Credit Alliance decision, the privity standard in the United States generally held that a professional could only be held liable for negligence by someone with whom the professional had a direct contractual relationship.
This meant that third parties who were not party to the contract had no legal right to sue the professional for any damages they may have suffered due to the professional's negligence.
In the Credit Alliance case, the court held that a third party who is a known and intended beneficiary of a professional's work can have a cause of action against the professional for negligence, even if there is no contractual relationship between the third party and the professional.
In other words, if the professional knew that the third party would be relying on their work and that the third party would suffer harm if the work was performed negligently, then the third party may have a valid claim for negligence.
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Compare and contrast Enlightenment and Romantic views of the relationship between God and the individual.
the Romantic period was marked by a return to emotion and imagination, and this was reflected in the way people viewed God. Romantics believed in a more personal, emotional relationship with God. They saw God as a divine force that was present in nature, art, and the human spirit.
the Enlightenment and Romantic periods had very different views on the relationship between God and the individual. While Enlightenment thinkers saw God as distant and impersonal, Romantics saw God as a deeply personal and emotional force that was present in all aspects of life.
The Enlightenment and Romantic periods were both marked by significant shifts in philosophical thought and their views on the relationship between God and the individual. During the Enlightenment, reason and scientific inquiry were highly valued, and this was reflected in the way people viewed God. Enlightenment thinkers believed in a Deist view of God, where God was seen as a distant creator who set the world in motion and then left it to run on its own. In this view, God did not intervene in human affairs, and the individual's relationship with God was largely impersonal.
The individual's relationship with God was seen as deeply personal and subjective, with the individual experiencing God through their own emotions and intuition.
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Georg often acts on impulse, without taking time to consider the consequences. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Georg shows signs of a
strong ego. strong superego. weak id.
weak ego.
George frequently acts impulsively without considering the effects. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Georg shows signs of a weak ego.
George frequently follows up without really thinking, without carving out the opportunity to think about the results. He is always in trouble, but even when he knows he is breaking the rules, he still acts on impulse and wants to be happy.
Disorders such as depression, anorexia, checking rituals, and workaholism may occur if the superego becomes excessively strong or out of balance.
As per Freud's model, the id is the crude and instinctual part of the psyche that contains sexual and forceful drives and secret recollections. The super-ego acts as a conscience for one's actions. What's more, the self-image is the reasonable part that intervenes between the longings of the id and the super-self-image.
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some researchers examining dissociative identity disorder have found a relationship between dissociation and the tendency to fantasize in everyday life. they have suggested that this may be related to the production of false memories. this is an example of the importance of .group of answer choices
They hypothesized that this could be connected to the formation of misleading memories. This illustrates how important it is to rule out competing hypotheses.
Several researchers studying dissociative identity disorder have discovered a connection between dissociation and the propensity to daydream. A research must provide alternative explanations for a phenomena in order for it to be successful from a psychological standpoint, according to the idea of ruling out the competing hypothesis in scientific thought.
Children's skills may change as a result of education as well as nervous system and muscular development in youngsters. So, the "rival hypothesis" is that children's skills will improve as they mature, if the research hypothesis is that training will raise children's skills.
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Correct Question:
Some researchers examining dissociative identity disorder have found a relationship between dissociation and the tendency to fantasize in everyday life. THey have suggested that this may be related to the production of false memories.This is an example of the importance of ______.
Even though President Trump has decertified the Iran Nuclear Agreement, the United States is still a party to this accord and continues to uphold its obligations within it.A. TrueB. False
The given statement is "Even though President Trump has decertified the Iran Nuclear Agreement, the United States is still a party to this accord and continues to uphold its obligations within it" False because The US departure from the accord was merely symbolic, as the US continues to follow the terms of the agreement. The correct options is "B"
The Iran Nuclear Agreement was decertified by President Trump in October 2017, following which the United States left the agreement and reinstated sanctions against Iran. This indicates that the United States has left the agreement and is no longer upholding its duties under it.
The agreement's other signatories—China, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the European Union—have kept their promises and worked to save the deal without the United States' involvement. The agreement's future is still up in the air.
The correct options is "B"
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What did the public believe had been the cause of Hamlet's death?
There are a few different beliefs about the cause of Hamlet's death among the public. Some people believe that he was killed by his uncle, King Claudius, who had poisoned him in order to maintain his hold on the throne. Others believe that Hamlet's death was a result of his own madness and the turmoil that it caused within him.
Still others believe that Hamlet's death was simply the tragic result of the circumstances in which he found himself, caught between duty, revenge, and love. Ultimately, the cause of Hamlet's death remains a subject of debate and interpretation among scholars and audiences alike.
The public believed that the cause of Hamlet's death was a fatal wound inflicted during a fencing match with Laertes, who had conspired with King Claudius. Unbeknownst to the public, the weapon was poisoned, ultimately leading to Hamlet's demise.
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The _____ is the physical form of the encoded information, and it is transmitted through a channel.
The "signal" is the physical form of the encoded information, and it is transmitted through a channel.
The signal is the physical form of the encoded information, such as electrical impulses or electromagnetic waves, that carries the message from the sender to the receiver. It is transmitted through a channel, which can be a wire, fiber optic cable, or wireless medium, and may be affected by noise and interference that can distort or disrupt the signal. The quality of the signal depends on factors such as the strength, frequency, and modulation of the signal, as well as the bandwidth and capacity of the channel. In order to ensure reliable and efficient communication, signal processing techniques such as coding, modulation, and error correction are used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and minimize errors.
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What physical element (99% probability of him having) prevents Vincent from ever "legally" attaining his dream?
The physical element (99% probability of him having) prevents Vincent from ever "legally" attaining his dream is his likelihood of having heart failure.
Vincent is making an attempt to preserve the lie that he's a person referred to as Jerome so he can move into area. List 4 methods that Vincent keeps his genetic identity. Scrubs himself, receives samples from Eugene, receives surgery, and getting wiped clean clothing. The 3 matters Vincent did on a day by day foundation to preserve his “Jerome” identity. The director as it helped Vincent to fly to Saturn , he constantly not on time the flight. He places on contacts to suit the attention color. Scrubs all of the extra pores and skin and hair off him. The movie tells the tale of Vincent Freeman, a person conceived with out the resource of reproductive technology, who works to conquer his genetic risks in comparison to his superior opposite numbers with a view to reap his dream of a profession in area travel.
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The case involving the death of the Florida teen Trayvon Martin serves as an example of __________ discrimination in modern America.
The case involving the death of the Florida teen Trayvon Martin serves as an example of racial discrimination in modern America.
The case involving the death of the Florida teen Trayvon Martin took place in 2012. Trayvon Martin was an African American teenager who was fatally shot by George Zimmerman, a neighborhood watch coordinator. Zimmerman claimed self-defense and was acquitted of second-degree murder and manslaughter charges in 2013. The case sparked national debates about racial profiling and the use of lethal force, and is often cited as an example of racial discrimination and bias in the criminal justice system.
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the most common manipulation of time through editing, and one that usually signifies the omission of time, is called an:
The most common manipulation of time through editing, and one that usually signifies the omission of time, is called a jump cut. A jump cut is a sudden cut between two shots that are taken from the same angle but at slightly different times, resulting in a jump in time and the omission of some moments in between.
A jump cut in filmmaking is an edit to a single consecutive shot that gives the impression that the action is moving forward in time. After the cut, the individual might have a different expression or demeanour, or the camera angle might be a little off. To produce a smooth viewing experience, the director, editor, and cinematographer collaborate. Certain cuts have the power to startle a viewer out of this experience and remind them that they are watching a movie. The term "jump cut" refers to one of these cuts.
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according to the epa sustainability primer, promoting the development, planning, building, or modification of communities to promote sustainable living is part of which pillar? group of answer choices environmental economic social governance
The governance pillar, according to the epa sustainability primer, includes fostering the creation, planning, construction, or change of communities to promote sustainable living. Option 4 is Correct.
The human, social, economic, and environmental pillars of sustainable development must all be in balance for sustainability to be achieved. Sustainability is based on the straightforward tenet that everything we require for our life and well-being depends on nature, either directly or indirectly.
To deliver regularly specified and formatted data pieces and sets of data values, EPA programs use data standards. These guidelines enhance the general public's access to useful environmental data. The omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is one of many. Cold-water fatty fish, including salmon, contain it. Option 4 is Correct.
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Correct Question:
According to the epa sustainability primer, promoting the development, planning, building, or modification of communities to promote sustainable living is part of which pillar? group of answer choices
1. environmental
2. economic
3. social
4. governance
3. What does it tell us about Holden when he says, "Just because somebody's dead, you
don't just stop liking them, for God's sake—especially if they were a thousand times nicer than the people you know
that're alive and all"?
Holden's statement tells us a lot about his character and his perspective on life. It reveals that Holden values authenticity and genuine human connection over superficial relationships.
Holden has a deep sense of loyalty and attachment to those who have been kind to him, even if they are no longer alive. This also suggests that Holden has experienced loss and has struggled with letting go of those he cares about. It highlights his inability to fully cope with the complexities of death and his refusal to accept the idea of moving on.
Holden's statement also reflects his disillusionment with society and the people in it. He seems to have a low opinion of the people he knows that are alive, indicating that he finds them lacking in the kindness and compassion he values.
Overall, Holden's statement emphasizes his sensitivity and his unique perspective on life, highlighting his struggle to find meaning and connection in a world that often feels artificial and isolating.
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a ____________ decision structure is written inside another decision structure. A. sequence. B. circumstantial. C. decision. D. Boolean.
Circumstantial. A circumstantial decision structure is a type of nested decision structure where one decision structure is written inside another decision structure. Option B.
This is also referred to as a nested decision structure. In this type of structure, the inner decision structure is executed only when a certain condition is met in the outer decision structure.
The outer decision structure controls the flow of the program, and the inner decision structure provides a more detailed decision-making process. This is commonly used in programming languages to create complex decision-making processes.
For example, if a program needs to determine if a number is even or odd and then determine if it is greater than or equal to 10, a circumstantial decision structure can be used to accomplish this task.
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_____ theory provides an explanation for why it is difficult to condition humans to fear objects such as flowers or cookies.
The preparedness theory provides an explanation for why it is difficult to condition humans to fear objects such as flowers or cookies.
According to this theory, humans are biologically prepared to rapidly learn to fear stimuli that are evolutionarily relevant, such as snakes and spiders, but are not prepared to fear neutral stimuli that are not associated with survival or danger. This is because our ancestors who were more sensitive to these types of stimuli were more likely to survive and pass on their genes, leading to a natural selection of fear learning mechanisms that prioritize biologically relevant stimuli. Therefore, conditioning fear responses to non-threatening stimuli such as flowers or cookies is much more difficult, and may require more extensive and repetitive conditioning. This theory is supported by studies that have found that humans show a faster fear response to biologically relevant stimuli compared to neutral stimuli.
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which of the following is a major primary risk factor associated with drug use and abuse?question 20 options:a. family status and level of incomefailure in school performancepoor coping skillsonly failure in school performance and poor coping skills
Some of the major primary risk factors associated with drug use and abuse include(s) the following: B. only failure in school performance and poor coping skills.
The use of illegal drugs or excessive amounts of prescription or over-the-counter medicines for purposes apart from those for which they were prescribed. Drug misuse can cause social, physical, emotional, and occupational issues.
Here are a couple of such instances. Methamphetamine, opiates, and heroin are extremely harmful and can result in a variety of short- and long-term health repercussions, such as psychotic behavior, seizures, or death from overdose. Opioid medicines disrupt the region of the nervous system that regulates respiration, and an overdose can be fatal.
The recurrent and excessive utilization of drugs is referred to as drug abuse. It has a bad impact on both a person's mental and physical health, causing significant brain damage. Drug usage impairs a person's ability to exercise self-control and interferes with learning.
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Complete question:
Some of the major primary risk factors associated with drug use and abuse include(s) the following:
Select one:
A. poor coping skills
B. only failure in school performance and poor coping skills
C. family status and level of income
D. failure in school performance
What does Rick do with the two letters of transit?
Rick Blaine, the protagonist of the classic movie "Casablanca," obtains two letters of transit that allow the bearer to leave Nazi-occupied Morocco and travel freely to a neutral country.
Initially, Rick plans to use them to leave Casablanca with his former lover, Ilsa Lund, and her husband, Victor Laszlo, who is a Czech Resistance leader. However, Rick's plans change when he realizes the importance of Victor's cause and the danger that Ilsa and Victor face from the Nazis.
Ultimately, Rick selflessly gives the letters of transit to Ilsa and Victor so that they can escape to America and continue their fight against the Nazis. This act of sacrifice is one of the most memorable moments in the film and solidifies Rick's character as a hero who prioritizes the greater good over his own personal desires.
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The _____ culture is characterized by a strong emphasis on hierarchy and orientation to the task.
The hierarchical task culture is characterized by a strong emphasis on both hierarchy and task orientation.
This type of culture values structure, order, and clearly defined roles and responsibilities. People within this culture tend to follow established rules and procedures, and decisions are often made based on the position or authority of the person making them.
In addition to hierarchy, the task orientation aspect of this culture emphasizes productivity and efficiency. Goals are clearly defined and everyone is expected to work towards achieving them. Communication is often formal and focused on task-related issues rather than personal matters.
Organizations with a hierarchical task culture may be found in fields such as government, military, or manufacturing, where strict adherence to rules and procedures is necessary for success.
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lorey works hard to be the best distance runner she can be. she enjoys seeing her hard work pay off at meets. julian rotter would say that lorey has a(n) locus of control.
Julian Rotter would say that Lorey has an internal locus of control, meaning that she believes her success as a distance runner is a result of her own efforts and abilities, rather than external factors beyond her control.
This suggests that Lorey is more likely to take ownership and control of her achievements and is less likely to attribute them to luck or external circumstances. Our reaction to life's circumstances and drive to take action are influenced by our locus of control. You are more inclined to make necessary changes to your circumstances if you think you are in control of your destiny. The opposite is also true; you could be fewer inclined to effect change if you feel that the outcome is beyond your control. Locus of control refers to how much power you believe you have over the things that affect your life.
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Why was Astronomia such an important tool for ancient people to learn?
Answer:
helping people make calendars, keep track of seasons, and know which way they need to go
Explanation:
Any action that one does for another in exchange for some form of payment is called
Any action that one does for another in exchange for some form of payment is called a service. A service is an intangible commodity that is produced and consumed at the same time, and it involves performing some kind of work or activity for another person or entity.
Services can take many forms, such as providing healthcare, performing maintenance or repair work, offering legal advice, providing transportation, or delivering goods. The payment for a service can take many forms as well, including money, goods, or other forms of compensation.
The provision of services is an important part of many economies, and service industries such as healthcare, education, and hospitality are significant contributors to many countries' Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
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In terms of politics, television did all of the following except
a) threaten the traditional role of political parties.
b) apply the standards of show business and commercialism to political messages.
c) enable political parties to continue their role of educating and mobilizing the electorate.
d) allow lone-wolf politicians to address voters directly.
e) encourage reliance on short slogans and sound bites.
According to the text, the option that Television did not do in terms of politics is:
c) Enable political parties to continue their role of educating and mobilizing the electorate.
Television did all of the following except enable political parties to continue their role of educating and mobilizing the electorate. In fact, television has been accused of threatening the traditional role of political parties by allowing lone-wolf politicians to address voters directly, applying the standards of show business and commercialism to political messages, and encouraging reliance on short slogans and sound bites.Television has been a powerful force in shaping political communication and has changed the way politicians communicate with the electorate. The rise of television has led to the increasing importance of image and personality in politics, and has made political campaigns more like advertising campaigns, with an emphasis on visual imagery, emotional appeal, and short, memorable messages.Overall, television has had a significant impact on the way politics is communicated, and has transformed the relationship between politicians, political parties, and the electorate.
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lynne exerts more effort when she values the rewards being offered for meeting her targeted behaviors. what is valuing the rewards offered for goal attainment called? group of answer choices instrumentality expectancy valence goal focus
The term for valuing the rewards offered for goal attainment is valence. It refers to the degree to which an individual desires a particular outcome or reward.
In other words, valence is the attractiveness or perceived value of a reward or outcome to an individual, and it can influence their level of motivation and effort to achieve a goal. In Lynne's case, her increased effort suggests that she perceives the rewards being offered as highly valuable or desirable, which motivates her to work harder towards her goals.
Valence refers to the extent to which an individual values the outcome or reward of achieving a goal. It reflects the degree of positive or negative affect associated with the outcome. In other words, it represents the extent to which the reward is desirable or attractive to the individual.
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