When the definition of atomic mass, isotopes, and average atomic mass of an element are kept in mind, the average mass of the metal is 20. 2. Exactly how does atomic mass mean?
The atomic mass of an element is its average atomic mass given in number of atoms (amu, also known as daltons, D). The atomic mass of a particular element is its arithmetic mean across all of its isotopes.
What does atomic mass look like?
An average atomic value is a number that is the only mass of an isotope of carbon-12. The carbon-12 reference standard is used to represent the mass of any isotope of any element. For illustration, the weight of an atom of information as appropriate is 4.0026 amu.
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cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is achiral, not because there is a plane of symmetry, but because it consists of two enantiomeric conformations which interconvert rapidly via ring flipping at normal temperatures.
This rapid interconversion results in equal concentrations of both enantiomers and thus, no net optical activity. This is known as conformational equilibrium.
What is Dimethylcyclohexane?Dimethylcyclohexane is an organic compound composed of two methyl groups attached to a cyclohexane ring.
Cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane is an example of a compound which is optically inactive. This is because it consists of two enantiomers which are mirror images of each other. These two enantiomers have the same physical and chemical properties; however, they are non-superimposable and their spatial arrangements are different. If a single enantiomer is present, it will have a distinct optical activity, but when both enantiomers are present in equal amounts, their net optical activity is zero.
The rapid interconversion of the two enantiomers of cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane occurs through a process known as ring flipping. This is when one of the two rings of the molecule flips over and switches its position with the other ring. This process happens so quickly that there is no net optical activity, as the two enantiomers interconvert and cancel each other out.
Cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane is important in the field of stereochemistry as it is an example of how two enantiomers can produce an optically inactive compound. This can be a useful tool in the design of chiral compounds; by ensuring that equal concentrations of the two enantiomers are present, an optically inactive compound can be formed.
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The electronegativitie of the period-3 element are lited on the tranparency. Calculate the
electronegativity difference for the following pair of bonded period-3 atom. D. Si and Cl _______________________
b. Mg and S_______________________
e. Si and S ________________________
c. Al and P ______________________
The electronegativitie of the period-3 element are lited on the tranparency.. Si and Cl is 0.7, . Mg and S is 1.3, Si and S is 1.7, Al and P is 1.6.
The electronegativity of the atoms that make up the bond determines whether it is nonpolar or polar covalent. An atom's propensity to draw electrons (or electron density) in its direction is measured by its electronegativity. It controls how the shared electrons between the two atoms in a bond are distributed. The more an atom's electronegativity, the more strongly the electrons in its bonds are drawn to it. In a polar covalent bond, electrons are pushed in the direction of the more electronegative atom; as a result, the atom with the partial negative charge is the more electronegative atom. The electron distribution becomes increasingly polarised and the atoms' partial charges increase with increasing electronegativity differences.
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The reaction mechanism shown below is suggested for an industrial process.
1: A2 = 2A (Slow)
2: 2A + B = C+ D (fast)
3: D + G = DG (fast)
4: DG = F + G (fast)
What is the overall reaction?
What is the rate determining step?
Two different changes to the reaction to increase the rate of reaction.
The overall reaction for given chemical equations is A₂ + B[tex]\rightarrow[/tex] C+ F ,the rate determining step is equation 1 as its is slow step and rate of reaction is increased by increasing the temperature or adding a catalyst.
What is chemical equation?
Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.
The first chemical equation was put forth by Jean Beguin in 1615.By making use of chemical equations the direction of reaction ,state of reactants and products can be stated. In the chemical equations even the temperature to be maintained and catalyst can be mentioned.
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calculate the ph and % association of a 0.005427 m solution of triethylamine [a monoprotic weak base, n(ch2ch3)3
The ph and % association of a 0.005427 m solution of triethylamine [a monoprotic weak base, n(ch2ch3)3 is 11.92
Given trimethyl amine as B
B + H2O \Leftrightarrow BH+ + OH-
I 0.005427 0 0
C -X + X + X
E 0.005427 -X +X +X
pKa = 10.72
-logKa = 10.72 ; Ka = 10-10.72 = 1. 905 x 10-11
We know Ka x Kb = Kw = 1.0 x 10-14
Kb = Kw/Ka = 1.0 x 10-14 / 1.905 x 10-11 = 0.5249 x 10-3
From the equation Kb = [BH+] [OH-]/[B]
0.5249 x 10-3 = X x X / 0.005427-x
From the above equation X = 0.1687 x 10-2M
[OH-] = 0.1687 x 10-2 M
pOH = -log [0.1687 x 10-2 ] = 2 + 0.773 = 2.0773
pH + pOH = 14
pH = 14-pOH = 14-2.0773 = 11.92
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What is the electrical charge of an electron in coulombs (C)?
The electrical charge of an electron in coulombs is -1.602176634 x 10^-19
A negatively charged subatomic particle known as an electron can either be free or attached to an atom which is not bound. The coulomb (C) is the unit of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI). It is defined as the charge transported by a constant current of one ampere in one second. The charge of an electron is a fundamental matter property and it is responsible for various electrical and magnetic phenomena observed in the world around us.
The magnitude of the charge of an electron is very small, but it is the fundamental unit of electric charge in the SI system. The charge of an electron is a fixed, invariant property of the electron, and it is one of the fundamental constants of nature. The electrical charge of an electron is -1.602176634 x 10^-19 coulombs (C), which is a fundamental constant in physics, and it is the same for all electrons.
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what is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that consists of 4.5 wt% pb and 95.5 wt% sn? the atomic weights for pb and sn are 207.19 g/mol and 118.71 g/mol, respectively
The correct answer is 2.6 at% Pb(lead) and 97.4 at% Sn(Tin). is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that consists of 4.5 wt% pb and 95.5 wt% sn
We are given:
4.5 wt % of Pb means that 4.5 grams of lead is present in 100 g of alloy.
95.5 wt % of Sn means that 95.5 grams of tin is present in 100 g of alloy.
To calculate the atom percent of any compound in a mixture, we use the equation:
where,
Avogadro's number = 6.0221408e+23
Moles of a compound is given by the formula:
For Lead:
Given mass of lead = 4.5 g
Molar mass of lead = 207.19 g/mol
For Tin:
Given mass of tin = 95.5 g
Molar mass of tin = 118.71 g/mol
therefore the composition in alloy is 2.6 at% Pb(lead) and 97.4 at% Sn(Tin).
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do you think the specific concentrations that you were made were adequate to determine the concentration in question 2? why do you think is it necessary to spread the points out over the entire range
The quantity of solute in a given amount of solution is referred to as a solution's concentration, and a suitable concentration must be maintained to regulate reaction activity.
When researching chemical processes, a solute's concentration is crucial because it affects how frequently molecules collide in solution, concentration which indirectly affects the speeds of reactions and the conditions at equilibrium. One of three methods can be used to calculate the concentration percentage: (1) dividing the solute's mass by the solution's mass; (2) dividing the solute's volume by the solution; or (3) dividing the solute's mass by the solution's volume.
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2. In the reaction NO+NO₂ N₂O3, an experiment finds equilibrium concentrations of [NO] = 3.8 M, [NO₂] = 3.9 M, and [N203] = 1.3 M. What is the equilibrium
constant K K for this reaction?
The equilibrium concentration, Kc for the reaction is: 0.088.
What is equilibrium concentration?A chemical reaction is considered to be in a state of chemical equilibrium when both the reactants and the products are in a concentration that does not change over time anymore. The forward response rate and the backward reaction rate are equal in this condition.
The presence of the chemicals in equal proportions is not a requirement for equilibrium. The fact that both the forward and backward reactions proceed at the same pace indicates that the reaction has progressed to a stage where the concentrations of the reactant and product remain constant throughout time.
Kc= concentration of product divided by concentration of reactant
NO + NO₂ → N₂O₃
or, Kc = N₂O₃ / (No) (NO₂)
or, Kc= ( 1.3 )/{ (3.9) ×(3.8) }
or, Kc=0.088
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The name of the compound TiS2
Answer: Titanium disulfide
Explanation:
I remember learning this in class. The TiS2 name is Titanium disulfide. If I am wrong, I am sorry it has been a long time since I learned this.
Answer: titanium disulfide
Explanation:
FILL IN THE BLANK. the most likely reason for colloidal dispersion is ________________.
The most likely reason for colloidal dispersion is electrostatic repulsion.
When two charged particles, whether positively or negatively, approach one another, they repel one another. Electrostatic repulsion is the term used in the case.
The interaction of the electrical double layers around the particles or droplet causes electrostatic repulsion. Repulsion happens when charged colloidal particles in a dispersion become close to one another and the double layers start to overlap (the particle separation is now less than twice the double-layer extension). Since there isn't enough room for complete potential decay, the individual double layers can no longer evolve without restriction.
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What is the relationship between the concentration and the rate of the reaction?
Positive
Negative
Neutral
The relationship between the concentration and the rate of the reaction is positive (option A).
What is rate of reaction?Rate of reaction or reaction rate is the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place, defined as proportional to the increase in the concentration of a product per unit time and to the decrease in the concentration of a reactant per unit time.
According to the collision theory, the rate of reaction increases with the increase in the concentration of the reactants.
The reaction rate is said to be increased when the formation of products is favoured.
In a positive relationship both variables tend to move in the same direction: If one variable increases, the other tends to also increase. If one decreases, the other tends to also.
Therefore, concentration and rate of reaction can be said to be in a positive relationship with one another.
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calculate the number of moles of magnesium, chlorine, and oxygen atoms in 2.70 moles of magnesium perchlorate, mg(clo4)2 .
The number of moles of magnesium, chlorine, and oxygen atoms in 2.70 moles of magnesium perchlorate is 2.70, 5.40, 21.60.
The formula of the compound is Mg(ClO4)2.
From the formula, we can see that 1 molecule of Mg(ClO4)2 contains 1 atom of Mg, 2 atoms of Cl and 8 atoms of O.
So 2.70 mol Mg(ClO4)2 contains
1 * 2.70 mol Mg = 2.70 mol Mg
2 * 2.70 mol Cl = 5.40 mol Cl
8 * 2.70 mol O = 21.60 mol O
So, the required answer is 2.70, 5.40, 21.60.
Therefore, the number of moles of magnesium, chlorine, and oxygen atoms in 2.70 moles of magnesium perchlorate is 2.70, 5.40, 21.60.
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Good luck on your finals!
calcium chloride is dissolved in a beaker of water. the beaker feels warm to the touch and the temperature reading of a thermometer in the beaker rises. is this exothermic or endothermic?
when calcium chloride was dissolved in water, the system released heat into the surroundings, the flask, and thus the flask felt hot. This is an example of an exothermic reaction.
calcium chloride chemical processes known as exothermic reactions result in heat production. We described the heat flow q as negative when heat is emitted from the system to its surroundings. Therefore, the H of reaction for exothermic processes is negative. Endothermic chemical reactions are those in which the reactants take in heat energy from the environment to create products. A cooling effect results from these events because they cause calcium chloride their immediate surroundings to become cooler. The local environment warms up as a result of an exothermic process that releases heat. A process known as endothermy removes heat from the environment and cools it.
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arrange the organic compounds from most soluble in water to least soluble in water.
The increasing and decreasing order of solubility in water is C₆H₅NH₂<(C₂H₅)NH<C₂H₅NH₂ .
What is solubility, for instance?A typical illustration of a solution is the addition of sugar cubes to a coffee or tea drink. Solubility is a quality that aids in the dissolution of sugar molecules. Thus, the ability of a material (solute) to dissolves in a certain solvent may be characterized as solubility.
Briefing :They can establish hydrogen bonds with water, the lower alkyl alkenes are soluble in water. However, because the hydrophobic alkyl portion of amines grows larger, their solubility diminishes as their molar mass increases.
Compared to primary amines, secondary alcohols have less hydrogen bonding than primary amines do.
In light of this, secondary amines are less soluble than primary amines.
Due to the greater hydrocarbon constituent, which helps to slow down hydrogen bond formation, aromatic amines are insoluble in water.
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This data table shows how quickly rope will rot away in freshwater and saltwater. what can you conclude about the rates of the rotting reaction?
A. The reaction occurs more slowly when the concentration of salt is higher.
B. The reaction occurs more quickly when the concentration of salt is higher.
C. The reaction occurs at the same rate, regardless of the concentration salt.
D. There is not enough information to conclude anything about the reaction rates.
The conclusion about the rates of the rotting reaction from the table would be that the reaction occurs more quickly when the concentration of salt is higher—option B.
What is the reaction rate?The rate of reaction, or reaction rate, is the time it takes for a reaction to occur. In other words, it is the time it takes for the reactants of a reaction to become products.
In this case, the reactant is the rope and the product is the rotten product of the rope. From the table, it took 10 years for the rope to decay in a lake. On the other hand, it took the same rope just 4 years to decay in an ocean.
The difference between the two water bodies is the presence of salt. The lake has almost zero salt while the conentration of salt in the ocean water is high.
Thus, the conclusion about the rate of rotting reaction would be that the reaction is hastened by the presence of salt in the ocean water.
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Acid rain occurs in some regions on Earth and has a negative impact on plants and animals. Normal rainwater
has a pH between 5.5 and 6. Which of the following is most likely to be the pH of rainwater that is classified as
acid rain?
O pH above 7
O pH of 7
O pH of 6
O pH below 5
Some parts of the world experience acid rain, which harms both plants and animals. Rainfall with a pH below 5 is referred to as acid rain.
What is acid rain?When chemicals like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are released into the atmosphere, a chemical reaction occurs that leads to acid rain. These substances have the ability to ascend very far into the sky, where they combine and react with oxygen, water, and other chemicals to produce acid rain, which is a more severe type of ozone pollution.
Is acid rain a good or harmful thing?Acid rain has a negative impact on agriculture, vegetation, and animals. Every nutrient required for plant growth and life is washed away
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to change a temputure from celcius to farenheit you ultiply the celciues tep by 9/5 and add 32 to the product if the temp is 40 what is the farenheit temp?
Answer:
Explanation:
104
what is the sequence of a peptide based on the following mrna sequence? 5' . . . uuuucuuauugucuu 3'
The sequence of a peptide based on the following mrna sequence, 5' . . . uuuucuuauugucuu 3' is phe-ser-tyr-cys-leu.
'What is peptide sequencing?'
The process of identifying the amino acids that make up a peptide chain's structural sequence is known as peptide sequencing. This knowledge must be made public in order to understand a protein's structure and function in a cell, which is important for biomedical research applications.
The nucleotide sequence of entire genomes or tiny, targeted genomic sections can be determined through sequencing. With the help of Illumina sequencing, a wide range of scientific questions about the genome, transcriptome, or epigenome of any organism can be answered. The preparation of the DNA or RNA samples and the data analysis choices used are the main differences between next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches.
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predict the charges of the monatomic (single-atom) ions formed by these main-group elements.
Magnesium, Aluminum, Strontium, and Nitrogen's monatomic ions have respective charges of +2, +3, +2, and -3.
How are the ions of the magnesium, aluminium, strontium, and nitrogen atoms charged?The valency of the atom is what determines how charged an ion is.
The amount of electrons the atom gained or lost during the process of forming an ion is indicated by the charge on the ion.
The group an element belongs to determines the charge of an ion.
As a result, the monatomic ions of magnesium, aluminium, strontium, and nitrogen have respective charges of +2, +3, +2, and -3.
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Complete Question
Predict the charge on the monatomic ions formed from the following atoms in binary ionic compounds in the following order: Magnesium, Aluminum, Strontium, and Nitrogen.
ibuprofen has the following mass percent composition: c 75.69 % , h 8.80 % , o 15.51 % . what is the empirical formula of ibuprofen? express your answer as a chemical formula.
The empirical formula of ibuprofen is C13H18O2.
Solution:
We have a mass of each element as:
C: 75.69 g
H: 8.8 g
O: 15.52 g
Divide by molar mass to get the number of moles of each:
C: 75.69/12.01 = 6.3022
H: 8.8/1.008 = 8.7302
O: 15.52/16.0 = 0.97
Divide by smallest:
C: 6.3022/0.97 = 6.5
H: 8.7302/0.97 = 9
O: 0.97/0.97 = 1
Multiply by 2 to get the simplest whole number ratio:
C : 6.5*2 = 13
H : 9*2 = 18
o : 1*2 = 2
So the empirical formula is C13H18O2.
An empirical formula is the chemical formula of a compound that indicates the proportion of elements present in the compound but does not indicate the actual number or arrangement of atoms. This will be the smallest integer ratio of the elements in the compound.
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what is the condition produced when a foot is exposed to water or mud that is very cold, but above freezing tempuratures?
Trench foot is the condition produced when a foot is exposed to water or mud that is very cold, but above freezing temperatures.
What is trench foot?Trench foot (sometimes also called immersion foot) is prolonged exposure to moist or wet environments can cause tissue damage in the soles of the feet.
Tissue damage in the trench foot does not cause the foot tissue to freeze, so it is referred to as a non-freezing injury. Trench foot can occur when the soles of the feet are wet and exposed to temperatures of 0°C to 15°C for a long time.
Trench foot is characterized by swelling of the feet, pallor, tingling, numbness, patches on the skin and itching. This happens because in the trench foot there is damage to the nerves, blood flow, muscles, and skin on the soles of the feet. The soles of the feet can also blister or form bubbles filled with water which is very at risk of causing infection.
Trench foot is generally treated by warming the soles of the feet, such as holding them close to a fire or drying them. However, it can cause redness, pain, and sometimes very light sensitivity which can last six to ten weeks.
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2. if 3.45 g of sodium hydroxide is being reacted with 5.23 g of iron (iii) chloride, how many grams of iron (iii) hydroxide would be produced? show all calculations. (8 pts)
If 3.45 g of sodium hydroxide is being reacted with 5.23 g of iron (iii) chloride, grams of iron (iii) hydroxide produced is 3.44 g.
The reaction is given as :
FeCl₃ + 3NaOH ---> Fe(OH)₃ + 3NaCl
mass of NaOH = 3.45 g
mass of FeCl₃ = 5.23 g
moles of NaOH = mass / molar mass
= 3.45 / 40
= 0.086 mol
moles of FeCl₃ = 5.23 / 162
= 0.0322 mol
FeCl₃ is the limiting reactant and depends on the production of the Fe(OH)₃ .
1 mole of FeCl₃ = 1 mole of Fe(OH)₃
0.0322 mol of FeCl₃ = 0.0322 mol of Fe(OH)₃
mass of Fe(OH)₃ = moles × molar mass
= 0.0322 × 107
= 3.44 g
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if you weigh out 0.205 g of salicylic acid, what is the theoretical yield for aspirin?
a. 0.157 g
b. 0.267 g
c. 0.134 g
d. 0.0786 g
e. none of the above choice
Theoretically, 0.267 g of aspirin will be produced from 0.205 g of salicylic acid.
given:
the salicylic acid weighs 0.205 g.
the salicylic acid's molar mass is 138.12 g/mol.
the amount of acidic salicylic moles = [tex]\frac{mass}{molar mass}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{0.205}{138.12}[/tex]=0.001484 mol
One mole of aspirin is equivalent to one mole of salicylic acid.
0.001484 mol of the salicylic acid = 0.001484 mol of aspirin
the molar mass of aspirin = 180 g /mol
the mass of aspirin = moles × molar mass
= 0.001484 × 180 = 0.267 g
Thus the theoretical yield = 0.267 g.
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write the chemical equation that describes the reaction of room temperature titanium tetrachloride with water vapor to produce a titanium dioxide smokescreen. include phases.
To shed light on the process by which titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are formed, titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) hydrolysis has been investigated.
What takes place when TiCl4 is dissolved in water?Hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas, which is extremely caustic and hazardous, is known to be released violently when TiCl4 reacts with water. The estimate of the scope and gravity of the effects of large accidents that have been identified, such as an unintentional spill of TiCl4, is, however, not shared by the industry.
Why is room temperature titanium chloride liquid?An alternative strategy (which is the opposite of the solution above) would be to assert that since metal chlorides are often ionic, titanium chloride must be a tiny (covalent) molecule with weak molecular interactions if it is a liquid at room temperature.
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how long would a constant current of 4.5 amperes to produce 15 g of chromium from chromium iii sulfate solution
A constant current of 4.5 amperes to produce 15 g of chromium from chromium iii sulfate solution is t = 5.15 hours.
Calculation:-
From faraday Law
w---weight= 15g
E ---equivalent wt of Cr(III) =17.33
i----current = 4.5amp
t--- time =?
W = ( E x i x t )/ 96,500
15 = (17.33 x4.5 x t) /96,500
t = 18561.26 sec
t = 309.35min
t = 5.15hours
Chromium is an essential trace element that can improve insulin sensitivity and improve protein carbohydrate and fat metabolism. It is a trace metal element required by humans. In addition to its effects on glucose-insulin and lipids metabolism chromium has been reported to increase lean body mass and decrease body fat percentage which may lead to weight loss in humans.
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how can i determine salt base and acid
Answer: You can do this by using ph strips. It should determine which is a salt base and an acid!
Question 4
Write the name and formula of the compound made of magnesium and fluorine.
The compound made of magnesium and fluorine is magnesium fluoride and the chemical formula is MgF₂.
What is a chemical compound?Chemical compound in chemistry is any substance formed by the union of two or more chemical elements in a fixed ratio, the union being a chemical bond.
According to this question, magnesium and fluorine are two chemical elements. When they combine via a chemical bond, the compound formed is termed magnesium fluoride.
Magnesium fluoride is a chemical compound with chemical formula, MgF₂.
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nitrogen monoxide and oxygen react to form nitrogen dioxide. if 5.6 moles of no react with 3.1 moles of o 2, how many moles of the reactant in excess will remain after the reaction? (assume 100% yield.)
0.3 moles of Oxygen is excess reactant (reagent) when yield is 100% .
NO =5.6 moles
O2= 3.1 moles
2NO + O2 --> 2NO2 the chemical reaction.
the ratio of NO and O2 is 2:1
therefore for 5.6 moles of NO, 2.8 moles of Oxygen(O2) is required. So 3.1moles - 2.8 moles = 0.3 moles
The reactant in a chemical reaction that is present in a quantity that is larger than what is required to fully react with the limiting yield is known as the excess reactant. The substance(s) still present after a chemical reaction has reached equilibrium in yield are the reactant(s). Subtract the mass of excess reagent eaten from the total mass of excess reagent provided to determine the quantity of yield that is still present. Reactants in a chemical reaction are referred to as excess reagents if they are still present after the reaction is complete.
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consider the titration of 100.0 ml of 0.016 m hocl (ka=3.5×10−8) with 0.0400 m naoh.
40.0 mL NaOH required to reach equivalent point.
Milli moles of HOCl = 100 x 0.016 = 1.6
We need 1.6 milli moles of NaOH
1.6 = V x 0.04
V = 1.6 / 0.04 40 mL
Titration is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of identified analytes. Reagents, called titrants or titrators, are prepared as standard solutions of known concentration and volume. The purpose of titration is to establish the equivalence point, the point at which chemically equal amounts of the reactants are mixed.
The indicator used depends on the nature of the reaction. For example: Phenolphthalein or methyl orange can be used for acid and base titrations. The indicator marks the end point by changing color at the end point. One of the reactants may itself act as an indicator.
The equivalence point, or stoichiometric point, of a chemical reaction is the point at which chemically equal amounts of reactants are mixed. In an acid-base reaction, the equivalence point is where a mole of acid and a mole of base neutralize each other according to a chemical reaction.
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