Explain why the ideas on atoms proposed
by Dalton constitute a theory, while the ideas pro-posed by Democritus do not

If the bromine gas in flask is attached to an airless chamber it liquefies and when the tap opens the bromine liquid comes outside.

Bromine is an element in 17th group of periodic table and it is a halogen exists in gaseous state.

When we apply sufficient pressure to a gas in a container the gas molecules starts condensing and then forms changes to its liquid state.

Therefore, in the airless flask where the pressure is higher the bromine gas starts to liquify and thus the tap pour the bromine liquid.

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10.0 trillion DNA molecules are equal to option a. 1.66 × 10–11 moles.

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer composed of polynucleotide chains that coil around every different to shape a double helix sporting genetic instructions for the improvement, functioning, increase, and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid are nucleic acids.

DNA is fabricated from chemical constructing blocks known as nucleotides. those building blocks are the product of three components: a phosphate institution, a sugar institution, and one of four styles of nitrogen bases. To shape a strand of DNA, nucleotides are connected into chains, with the phosphate and sugar corporations alternating.

calculation:-

1 trillion = 10¹² DNA molecules

6.022 × 10²³ molecule = 1 mole

10¹² DNA molecules = 1 / 6.022 × 10²³ × 10¹²

                                 = 1.66 × 10–11 moles

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Answer:

A mixture of pre- and post-1982 pennies will represent the naturally occurring mixture of two isotopes of an imaginary element

Explanation:

Since 1982, U.S. pennies have been produced with 97.6% zinc with a thin plating of copper. Since each metal has a different density, pre- and post-1982 pennies have different masses.Different isotopes of an element generally have the same physical and chemical properties because they have the same numbers of protons and electrons.

The given statement is true. If we divide the molar mass of the compound by the empirical formula mass, the result should be a whole number or very close to a whole number. multiply all the subscripts in the empirical formula by the whole number found in step 2. the result is the molecular formula.

If we write the above statement in the equation or formula then we will get

[tex]\frac{Empirical formula mass}{ Molecular mass}[/tex] = n

Where 'n' is always a whole number

Now, let's understand the above statement with the help of an example.

If we take glucose, a monosaccharide sugar, having molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₆.

The molar mass of glucose is 300 g/mole. Its empirical formula mass is 180 g/mol.

Now by diving them, we will get a whole number

180 / 30 = 6 ( A whole number)

The empirical formula of glucose is CH₂O. If we multiply all the subscripts in the empirical formula (CH₂O) by 6, the result is the molecular formula i.e C₆H₁₂O₆.

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HCl compund contains covalent bond.

When 2 atoms exchange one or a lot of pairs of electrons, a covalent bond is formed.

A chemical bond is formed once the distinction between the leptonegativities of 2 atoms is just too tiny for associate electron transfer to occur and manufacture ions.

Let's determine which choice contains covalent bonding.

1. Al-N bonds exhibit some ionic properties in addition to being partially covalent. structure, 1.633, which is most likely influenced by the ionic properties of Al-N bonds [3].

2. Ca and N have electronegativities of 1.0 and 3.0, respectively. Therefore, the difference in electronegativity between Ca and N is (3.0-1.0) or 2.0. Thus, an ionic link exists between Ca and N. Ca3N2 C a 3 N 2 is hence an ionic compound.

3. Since covalent compounds are created by the exchange of electrons, NaCl is not a covalent compound; rather, it is an ionic compound.

4. Because the difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and chloride is less than 2.0, HCl is a covalent compound.

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Due to their complete oxidation of one another, the beginning moles of the unknown acid (HA) and the final moles of the known base (NaOH) are equal.

What is oxidation, and give a case?

Summary. An element combining with oxygen is referred to as an oxidation in scientific terminology. For instance, the chemical reaction between oxygen and magnesium metal produces magnesium oxide during the oxidation of magnesium.

In order to describe a substance's reaction with oxygen, Antoine Lavoisier coined the term "oxidation." Later, when it was understood that the substance loses electrons when it is oxidized, the definition was expanded to encompass all processes in which electrons are destroyed, regardless of whether oxygen is present.

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Rutherfordium when decomposes and loses two neutrons, both these rutherfordium isotopes produce neutrons as they undergo their nuclear decay into nobelium.

Rutherfordium's reactivity with the halogens is unclear because so little of it has ever been produced. One would anticipate that it will behave similarly to zirconium and hafnium, which are just above rutherfordium in the periodic table (two places above). After the rutherfordium decays, the distinctive nobelium decay energy and half-life were also seen. Atoms have been created rather infrequently. It is solely employed at this time for research.

The biological function of rutherfordium is unknown. When Rutherfordium, the 104th element on the periodic table, was first artificially created in the 1960s, it sparked a decades-long international debate. The main point of contention was who should get to name the new element. Traditionally, the person who discovers an element is given the privilege of naming it, but this becomes complex when two parties have conflicting claims of discovery.

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The Volume of the gas will decrease when a sample of gas from a hot area to a cooler area assuming that there is no change in pressure and that no gas is lost in the process.

The equation of an ideal gas is mentioned below;

PV = nRT

Let us assume that there is no change in pressure and that no gas is lost in the process of gas transfer. So, we can write

Pressure = P = Constant

Number of moles = n = Constant

R = Gas Constant

So, we can write the relation between the temperature and volume of gas as

T ∝ V

We are transferring a sample of gas from a hot area to a cooler area i.e., Temperature is decreasing. So, the Volume of the gas will also decrease.

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Answer:

An example of a hypothesis based on observation and scientific principles is:

Deaf children whose parents are deaf will acquire language faster than deaf children whose parents are not deaf.

A hypothesis is an informed prediction or a tentative statement about what you think that would occur in a scientific experiment as a result of experience from observations accepted by scientific rules and law.

A hypothesis is a testable statement obtained from the research question but questions cannot be tested directly, it is the proposed relationship between the variables that are tested.

An example of a hypothesis is:

Deaf children whose parents are deaf will acquire language faster than deaf children whose parents are not deaf.

This specifies the direction of the hypothesis because one group is faster than the other.

Answer: 110.11g

Explanation:

If this is the question then it is as simple as adding up the masses of the different elements.

Adding deionized water into a solution containing ions will affect the electrical conductivity of the solution because the ions in the solution will be attracted to the water molecules.

Deionized water is water that has had its ions removed. This means that it will not conduct electricity.It will cause the ions to be more spread out in the solution, which will decrease the electrical conductivity of the solution. When deionized water is added to a solution containing ions, the electrical conductivity of the solution will be reduced. The reason for this is that the ions in the solution will be attracted to the water molecules, and this will reduce the number of ions that are available to conduct electricity.

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Solutions 1 and 3 because they are strong acids and a strong base. Option A.

Strong acids and strong bases are completely ionized in an aqueous solution. Weak acids and weak bases also ionize, but only partially and the reaction is reversible. So you know if an acid or base is strong or weak. A simple way to determine strength is to add the acid or base to water. A higher reactivity means a stronger acid or base.

One of the simplest tests to determine whether a solution is an acid or base is the litmus paper test. To do this, dip a special strip of paper so-called litmus paper into the solution and observe the color of the paper. Litmus paper turns red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions. Sodium hydroxide is the strongest base because it completely dissociates to form sodium and hydroxide ions. These hydroxide ions are further treated with hydrogen ions by an acid to completely ionize the hydrogen ions.

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Answer:

1.381 moles Fe

Explanation:

To find moles of Fe, you need to (1) convert grams Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂ to moles (using the molar mass) and then (2) convert moles Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂ to moles Fe (using the mole-to-mole ratio within the molecule). It is important to arrange the conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 4 sig figs like the given value (392.2 = 4 sig figs).

Atomic Mass (Fe): 55.845 g/mol

Atomic Mass (N): 14.007 g/mol

Atomic Mass (H): 1.008 g/mol

Atomic Mass (S): 32.065 g/mol

Atomic Mass (O): 15.999 g/mol

Molar Mass (Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂):

55.845 g/mol + 2(14.007 g/mol) + 8(1.008 g/mol) + 2(32.065 g/mol) + 8(15.999 g/mol) = 284.045 g/mol

1 mole Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂ = 1 mole Fe, 2 moles N, 8 moles H, 2 moles S, 8 moles O

392.2 g Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂             1 mole                         1 mole Fe
-----------------------------------  x  -------------------  x  ----------------------------------  =
                                                284.045 g          1 mole Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂

=  1.381 moles Fe

The answer to the statement " Measuring a chemical property is nondestructive " is true.

The chemical properties of substances such as boiling point, melting point, pH, reactivity, combustion, density, flammability, toxicity, solubility or even oxidation states are different characteristics which one can test for in a substance and does not affect the substances themselves in the process.

That being said, when you test for measure a chemical such as from the any of the ones above, it means you want to see or identify or observe the chemical composition of the substance. This won't affect the substance.

For example, when measuring the pH of a substance, that is; measuring the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance, it does not affect the substance in the test but reveals to us more about the chemical level or composition of the substance in details.

So therefore, we can now confirm that testing or measuring the chemical features of a substance is harmless to the substance itself.

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Answer:

raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius

Explanation:

Heat capacity is a physical property of matter, which is defined as the amount of heat to be supplied to something to produce a unit change in its temperature. Heat capacity is also called thermal capacity.

Amanda’s ball is heavier so it’s harder throw. This was illustrated in the bowling.

Amanda was having such a difficult time because she chose a heavier ball.

Evidence: Jason had no trouble with his 6lb ball, while Amanda struggled with double the weight of Jason's ball, which was 12lb and had more mass.

Reasoning: Jason chose a ball with less mass weighting at 6 pounds, but his ball was more simpler to roll as a result. This was owing to Newton's second law, as having a lighter ball made it easier for him to pass through. Amanda, on the other hand, had a ball that was so heavy that it was difficult to throw.

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Answer:

incomplete question need more information

Answer: Nothing will happen

Explanation:

Elements want to fill their valence shell with electrons (8).

Referring to both of the table below we will know that the element with that electron configuration is Neon (Ne). It is on the far right side of the periodic table so it contains all 8 electrons in its valence shell. The elements on the right side of the periodic table are called noble gases and are not reactive because they have the maximum number of electrons.

A single electron from the outermost shell of this element will move into the outermost shell of the atom with seven electrons.Nothing will happen in these state.

Electron configurations define the arrangement of electrons around an atom's nucleus. Lithium, for instance, contains two electrons in the 1s subshell and one electron in the 2s subshell, according to its electron configuration, 1s22s1.

We may determine that Neon is the element with that electron configuration by looking at both of the tables below (Ne). It has all 8 electrons in its valence shell since it is on the extreme right side of the periodic table.

Noble gases are the elements on the right side of the periodic table that contain the most electrons and are thus non-reactive.

Thus, Electronic configuration an element is 1s22s22p6, it is stable.

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Diffusion Coefficient at 600°C

D₁= 5.5*10⁻¹⁴ m²/s

Diffusion Coefficient at 700°C

D₂= 3.9*10⁻¹³ m²/s

D₁= D₀. exp(- Qd/ R.T₁)

D₂= D₀. exp (-Qd/ R.T₂)

We can solve first equation for D₀

D₀= D₁/ exp ( -Qd/ R.T₁)

Put D₀ in equation 2

D₂= D₁. Exp ( Qd/R. (1/T₁ - 1/T₂)

On rearranging the equation we can solve it for Qd:

Qd = R. ㏑( D₂/D₁) (T₁.T₂/ T₂-T₁)

     = 8.314. ㏑( 3.9*10⁻¹³/ 5.5*10⁻¹⁴).( 873*973/100)

    Qd  = 138.3 KJ/mol

Now D₀= D₁/ exp ( -Qd/RT₁)

= 5.5*10⁻¹⁴/ exp (138300/8.314*873)

D₀= 1.04* 10⁻¹⁵ m²/s

For T= 830°C

D= 1.04* 10⁻⁵. exp ( 138300/8.314*1103)

D =  1.04* 10⁻⁵. exp ( 138300/9170.34) m²/s

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Provided all set of given quantum numbers are allowed.

(a) n = 3, ℓ = 3, mℓ = 0, ms = -½

For n = 3, ℓ = 3 is not possible

ms can never be a negative value

mℓ cannot equal -1

All of these quantum numbers are allowed

(b) n = 4, ℓ = 3, mℓ = 2, ms = -½

When n = 4, ℓ = 3 is not possible

ms can never be a negative value

mℓ cannot equal 2 when ℓ = 3

All of these quantum numbers are allowed

(c) n = 4, ℓ = 1, mℓ = 1, ms = +½

When ℓ = 1, mℓ = 1 is not possible

ms can not be positive

mℓ cannot equal 1 when n = 4

All of these quantum numbers are allowed

(d) n = 2, ℓ = 1, mℓ = -1, ms = -1

When n = 2, ℓ = 1 is not possible

ms can never be a negative value

ms cannot equal -1

All of these quantum numbers are allowed

(e) n = 5, ℓ = -4, mℓ = 2, ms = +½

mℓ cannot equal 2

ℓ cannot be a negative number

n has a maximum of four

All of these quantum numbers are allowed

(f) n = 3, ℓ = 1, mℓ = 2, ms = -½

When ℓ = 1, mℓ = 2 is not possible

ms can never be a negative value

ℓ cannot be 1 when n = 3

All of these quantum numbers are allowed

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Distance and speed are scalars while displacement and velocity are vector quantities, scalars are not concerned with direction while vector are conscious with direction.

1. Distance and speed are scalars while displacement and acceleration are vector quantities.

2. The quantity that is ignorant of the direction is referred to as a scalars quantity.

3. A quantity that is conscious with direction is Vector quantity.

Distance vs Displacement,

The displacement is the shortest distance between the final and the initial position of the body while the distance is the actual distance covered by the body.

The displacement has direction from initial to final position, while distance has no direction.

The distance can never be zero while the displacement can be zero, negative or positive.

Negative displacement state that the direction of displacement of the body is in negative direction.

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Answer:

False

Explanation:

The base unit is "meter."

Nanometer is equal to one billionth of a meter.

The final volume of the air assuming constant temperature is 21.607 Liters using Boyle's gas law.

The empirical relation states that under constant temperature, the pressure (p) of a given amount of gas changes inversely with its volume (v); that is, pv = k.

Given,

Initial volume = 2.05 Liters.

Height =  98.70 meters

Final pressure = 1.00 atm.

Initial pressure =10.54atm.

PV = k

P₁V₁=P₂V₂

Substituting the given parameters into the formula,

10.54 × 2.05 = 1 × V₂

V₂ = 21.607

Final volume = 21.607 Liters.

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STEP-BY-STEP EXPLANATION:

Given the below compound

An engineer need to introduce heat pump systems when designing a heating/cooling system for a home in a cooler or warmer climate.

For all climates, heat pumps provide a more energy-efficient furnace and air conditioner replacement. Heat pumps, like your refrigerator, use power to move heat from a cold space to a warm space, warming the warm space and making the cool space cooler. Therefore, an engineer may introduce heat pump systems while designing a house in any kind of climate.

In the winter, heat pumps transfer heat from the chilly outside to your comfortable home. In the summer, heat pumps transfer heat from your home to the outside.

Heat pumps can effectively supply your home with acceptable temperatures since they transfer heat rather than producing it.

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Try this? I'm not sure if i understood the question correctly

A composite photocatalyst of copper phosphotungstate/titanium dioxide (Cu-H3PW12O40/TiO2) : prepared by sol-gel hydrothermal synthesis.The composite catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-VIS-DRS), Fourier converted infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)、scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and power dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The photocatalytic oxidation of a high-concentration NH4+/NH3  occured under ultraviolet (UV)light. The composite catalyst exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than that of TiO2. When  300 mg·L−1, the initial pH was 11, the catalyst concentration was 1.5 g·L−1, the loading level of Cu-H3PW12O40 was 40%, the aeration rate was 1.5 L·min−1, and lastly the removal rateof NH4+/NH3 by the composite photocatalyst could reach >80%. Very little NO2− and NO3− were produced,  and N2 was the main product.

The wavelength in the nanometer is  9.70 E-22.

Wavelength is the distance among equal points (adjacent crests) inside the adjacent cycles of a waveform sign propagated in space or alongside a wire.

The wavelength is the distance between two wave crests, and it is going to be the same for troughs. The frequency is the number of vibrations that pass over a given spot in a single 2d, and it's far measured in cycles according to 2d Hz.

The wavelength of light determines its shade, and the wavelength of sound determines the pitch. The wavelengths of seen light amplify from approximately seven-hundred nm (purple) to 400 nm (violet). The wavelength of audible sound range from approximately 17 mm to 17 m.

E = hc/λ

wavelength (λ) = hc/E

                        = 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ × 3 × 10⁸ / 2.05 × 10³ × 1000

                       = 9.696 × 10⁻³² meter

                       =  9.696 × 10⁻³² × 10⁹ nm

                      =  9.696 × 10⁻²² nm

                       = 9.70 E-22

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Bromine Trifluoride is a colourless to grayish-yellow fuming liquid with a strong odour. It has a strong reaction to water. It is a fluorinating agent as well as an electrolytic solvent.

Bromine trifluoride was first described in 1906 by Paul Lebeau, who obtained it by reacting bromine with fluorine at 20 °C: Br 2 + 3 F 2 2 BrF. Bromine trifluoride is formed by disproportioning bromine monofluoride: 3 BrF BrF 3 + Br

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Bromine Trifluoride is a colourless to grayish-yellow fuming liquid with a strong odour. It has a strong reaction to water. It is a fluorinating agent as well as an electrolytic solvent.

Bromine trifluoride was first described in 1906 by Paul Lebeau, who obtained it by reacting bromine with fluorine at 20 °C: Br 2 + 3 F 2 2 BrF. Bromine trifluoride is formed by disproportioning bromine monofluoride: 3 BrF BrF 3 + Br

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Three things that would make the control group ineffective include the following below:

This is referred to as the group which is doesn't experience any experimental treatment by scientists and are used to compare another in this scenario.

The control group in other to be effective must have salt not being added which is compared to the others with salts to determine if it has any effect on the boiling point. The same volume of water should also be added to get an accurate result.

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Answer: Number 1, since the control group doesn't have salt, to make it ineffective is to add salt, another one is if you don't boil the control group. And lastly, if you don't add water to the pot. It's pretty simple if you think about it, and to verify it, I did it on apex and it worked.

So

1. Add Salt

2. Don't Boil

3. Don't Add Water

I hope this helps.