Answer:
Venous return (VR) is the flow of blood back to the heart.
Venous return to the right atrium is the most important factor determining cardiac output, provided both ventricles and the pulmonary circulation are normal.
Explanation:
Venous return refers to the flow of blood from the periphery back to the right atrium, and except for periods of a few seconds, it is equal to cardiac output.
Venous return is facilitated by a number of factors, including inspiration, increased total blood volume, increased venomotor tone, the cardiac suction effect, the presence of venous valves and the skeletal muscle pump.
Contraction of the skeletal muscles surrounding veins increases the pressure within the veins, pushing open the proximal valve and forcing blood toward the heart. For example, when calf muscles contract during exercise, blood is forced toward the heart, thus increasing venous return.
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1. How much confidence would you have in the conclusion of experiment 3 if you found out that the temperature was not controlled? Explain your reasoning.
2. Create your own flow chart to answer a causal question.
I would have a good confidence level if I found out that the temperate was not controlled because in Experiment 3, because the use of temperature was not needed, as only light was needed.
What is an Experiment?This refers to the procedure that is done, usually in a controlled manner to find the results of something.
Hence, we can see that the three experiments were done in order to find out the factors that would lead to an increase in water evaporation, and because in Experiment 3, light is used, and not temperature, I would not be bothered.
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help pls! The chart below shows the primary energy production methods in two locations.
Location A - burning of fossil fuels
LocationB - geothermal energy
If both the locations produce the same amount of energy, which of these statements best compares the two locations?”
A. Location A has more bodies of water than Location B.
B. Location B has more bodies of water than Location A.
C. Location B uses more nonrenewable resources than Location A
D. Location A uses more nonrenewable resources than Location B.
Location A uses more nonrenewable resources than location B. The correct option is D.
What are nonrenewable resources?They are resources that are consumed at a much faster rate than they can be naturally replaced, if at all.
Nonrenewable resources are different from renewable resources. The latter can be replenished at a much faster pace than they are consumed.
An example of nonrenewable resources is fossil fuels while that of renewable resource is geothermal energy.
Thus, location A burning fossil fuels uses more nonrenewable resources than location B which uses geothermal energy.
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Sexual reproduction in plants, animals, fungi, and other organism could not happen without meiosis. The primary reason is:
Sexual reproduction in plants, animals, fungi, and other organism could not happen without meiosis. The primary reason is that the chromosome number will not remain constant after replication.
Chromosome reduction, or meiosis, is the process that enables the generation of haploid germ cells required for sexual reproduction.Meiosis also plays a crucial function in promoting genetic variety and making it easier for recombination to correct genetic flaws.Meiosis creates gametes, which are distinct reproductive cells with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell. The diploid status is restored through fertilization, which involves the fusing of two individuals' haploid gametes. So, haploid and diploid stages alternate in sexually reproducing organisms.Once sexual reproduction has occurred, it will be repeated for countless generations. Without meiosis, an organism won't be able to successfully reproduce sexually.learn more about meiosis here: https://brainly.com/question/15475960
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Cell X has a resting potential of -80mV. If a ___________ open and causes the potential to change 10mV, the resulting potential will be ___________.
K+ channel opens, resulting potential -90mV
This is due to hyperpolarization.
What is hyperpolarization?Hyperpolarization is a change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative (i.e. decreases).It results in increase in the potential difference across the membrane.K+ moves from the inside to outside as some potassium channels remain open and sodium channels reset. A period of increased potassium permeability results in excessive potassium efflux before the potassium channels close. K+ channels typically cause membrane potential to become more negative.Learn about depolarization here:
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A dilated vein that returns blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium is the __________.
A goiter A. occurs only in the presence of TSH B. occurs only in the presence of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin C. is the nickname of a professional golfer D. may occur with hyper- and hypothyroidism E. refers to a cancerous tumor in the thyroid
Answer:
So what exactly is your question Again sir.
Nitrogen released from the breakdown of proteins A) is used to synthesize liver glycogen. B) travels in the bloodstream to the lungs, where it is excreted when we exhale. C) triggers acidosis. D) is used in the synthesis of urea, which is excreted by the kidneys in the urine.
Nitrogen released from the breakdown of proteins is used in the synthesis of urea, which is excreted by the kidneys in the urine.
The urea acid cycle transforms the nitrogen waste released during this process into urea, which is then excreted in the urine. Amino acids can be converted into energy during famine and go via the Krebs cycle.Muscle protein is broken down into amino acids while fasting, some of which are partially oxidized to provide energy. These amino acids are split up into alanine and glutamine, which are released into the circulation together with other amino acids. Several tissues, notably the stomach and kidney, oxidize glutamine, converting some of its carbons and nitrogen to alanine. The liver is where alanine and other amino acids are processed into glucose and ketone bodies and nitrogen.learn more about urea here: https://brainly.com/question/14718113
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A recent study of a model organism found that a specific HMG protein localized mainly to the ends of chromosomes. Given this result, the site of localization for this HMG protein would correspond to regions in humans that:
A recent study of a model organism found that a specific HMG protein localized mainly to the ends of chromosomes. Given this result, the site of localization for this HMG protein would correspond to regions in humans that Contain heterochromatin similar to that of centromeres.
Telomeres are regions at chromosomal ends that are time and again truncated with every round of the cellular department. Centromeresjoin sister chromatids and are required for correct chromosome division for the duration of mitosis.
Notwithstanding their different chromosomal locations, each telomere and centromere are composed of heterochromatin, a tightly condensed complex of DNA wrapped around histones.
Due to its structurally restrictive form, heterochromatin is transcriptionally inactive, which means that proteins liable for regulating gene expression can't get entry into the tightly packed DNA. As an end result, hetechromatic regions are often gene-bad and incorporate repetitive DNA.
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What process can account for the phenomenon wherein a normal xy male produces a sperm carrying two y chromosomes?.
Answer:
second division nondisjunction
Explanation:
The blood-brain barrier functions to Multiple Choice regulate the movement of materials from the blood to the brain. regulate the synapses between the brain and the blood. serve as an open passage between the blood and CSF surrounding the brain. increase blood pressure in the cranium when needed.
The blood-brain barrier functions to regulate the movement of materials from the blood to the brain (option A).
What is the blood-brain barrier?The blood-brain barrier is a structure in the central nervous system (CNS) that keeps various substances found in the bloodstream out of the brain while allowing in the substances essential to metabolic function, e.g. oxygen.
The blood-brain barrier serves as a protective barrier for the brain that prevents the entry of substances in the bloodstream that can cause brain damage.
Therefore, the blood-brain barrier functions to regulate the movement of materials from the blood to the brain.
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What happens during crossing over?
1. spindle fibers form and attach to centromeres.
2. Homologous chromosomes trade pieces of DNA.
3, Sister chromatids form tetrads and line up randomly.
4. Tetrads separate and produce two haploid daughter cells.
brainstorm ideas brainstorm ideas for your house. think about devices, appliances, and building materials you want your house to have. in addition, these computer tools might help you brainstorm some ideas. this calculator gives you the average energy use of household appliances, so you can research energy-saving alternatives. this quiz can tell you what your carbon footprint is and how to reduce it in your home. consider turning some of the questions into energy solutions. for example, one of the questions is, do you turn off your faucets? if water supply is a concern in your region, perhaps faucets that turn off automatically might be an eco-friendly solution. this database provides information about air emissions rates in a region. search the zip code for the location you chose and select one of the electrical companies listed. then scroll down to see how much of the energy in this zip code comes from renewable and nuclear energy (a non-renewable, cleaner energy source) compared to fossil fuel sources (oil, coal, and gas). bar graphs compare the zip code's energy profile to the national average. write down your ideas for the house you’ll design. explain how those ideas can reduce carbon dioxide emissions and preserve natural diversity.
The carbon emission can be reduced and natural diversity can be preserved by constructing homes as “green buildings”.
A "green building” is one that minimizes or eliminates negative effects on our climate and natural environment all through design, construction, or operation and can create a positive impact. Green buildings protect valuable natural resources and raise our standard of living.
The carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide that is generated by human activity.
Following improvements in house designs can help in reducing the emission of carbon dioxide:
Use of renewable energy resources like solar energy, hydraulic energy, etc because these forms of energy do not emit any greenhouse gases while their production and operation.
Planting indoor plants and creating a garden to absorb the carbon dioxide produced in the house and improve the quality of air.
Installing appliances with more energy stars, these types of appliances have low CFC emissions and hence decrease carbon dioxide trapping in the environment.
Planting a garden with no usage of chemical fertilizers or pesticides to preserve natural diversity.
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Describe one method for temporarily storing carbon in the natural cycle.
The one method for temporarily storing carbon in the natural cycle are Most carbon is stored in rocks and sediments, and the rest is stored in the ocean, atmosphere and organisms.
How can I control the carbon cycle?It destroys the carbon cycle by burning fossil fuels and clearing land. When logging, we remove the dense plant growth, or biomass, that stores carbon in trees, stems, and leaves. Logging of forests eliminates plants that absorb carbon froThe the atmosphere as they grow.
These are reservoirs or sinks for carbon to remove carbon dioxide from the air through the process of photosynthesis in order to convert carbon to produce food for plant growth.
Carbon moves from plants to animals. The carbon contained in plants travels through the food chain to the animals that eat them. Animals that eat other animals also get carbon from their food. cycle. The sea is a huge carbon sink that absorbs carbon. Carbon is temporarily stored in soil organic matter because plants can take years (or decades for large trees) to decompose.Read more about carbon :
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Write any three characteristics of bacteria
Any three characteristics of bacteria area
lack of membrane-bound organellesunicellular small (usually microscopic) size.Answer:
Three characteristic of bacteria are
1: Unicellular
2: Small size
3: lack of membran bound organless
Tongue curling in humans is a dominate trait. Suppose a man who is Tt for tongue curling marries a woman who is also Tt for this trait. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of their children and the percent chance for each? include genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
Answer:
TT 25% 1/4, Tt 50% 1/2, tt 25% 1/4
Explanation:
T. t
T. TT Tt
t. Tt tt
explain the stages involved in testing a piece of onion for reducing sugar
Onions contains reducing sugars which include fructose, and glucose.
Steps involved in testing for reducing sugarReducing sugar are those sugars that contains free aldehyde groups which can be reduced further in a reaction.
Examples include of simple reducing sugar include fructose and glucose.
The steps that are involved in testing for the reducing sugar include the following:
Cut the onion into small pieces and put into a test tube.Add a few drops of Benedict's solution to the food solution. Heat the test tube in a water bath. If the solution turns orange-red, the food contains sugar.Learn more about sugars here:
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Which describes the correct pairing of DNA bases?
O A. A with G, and C with T
O B. A with C, and T with G
O C. A with A, and G with G
O D. A with T, and C with G
ANSWER:
O C. A with A, and G with G
EXPLANATION:
The stress hormone cortisol plays a major role during the stress response in Group of answer choices relieving pain. mobilizing nutrients to meet energy needs. increasing heart and respiratory rates. decreasing appetite and thirst.
The stress hormone cortisol plays a major role during the stress response in mobilizing nutrients to meet energy needs
The two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney, need cholesterol to make the glucocorticoid (steroid hormone) cortisol. It is typically released in response to situations and activities including getting up in the morning, working out, and intense stress.Since it is involved in reactions to stress, cortisol is frequently referred to as the stress hormone. Blood pressure, blood sugar, and immunological responses all rise as a result. created during arduous activity, excitement, and orgasm by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, which has analgesic benefits.In addition, cortisol is crucial for human nutrition. By deciding which kind and quantity of substrate (carbohydrate, fat, or protein) the body needs to meet its physiological demands, it manages energy.learn more about cortisol here: https://brainly.com/question/1059659
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The ________________ releases hormones directly into the blood and the ________________ receives hormones from the hypothalamus cells which in turn causes the release of more hormones.
The Endocrine glands releases hormones directly into the blood and the Pituitary gland receives hormones from the hypothalamus cells which in turn causes the release of more hormones.
Endocrine glands produces hormones that are immediately released into the blood and travel to all of the body's tissues and organs. Numerous bodily processes, including growth and development, metabolism, and reproduction, are regulated by endocrine glands.The pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands are a few examples of endocrine glands.The pituitary gland is a tiny, pea-sized gland that is situated beneath the hypothalamus at the base of the brain.Released hormones from the hypothalamus, such as CRH, GnRH, and TRH, affect the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland releases gonadotropins (such as LH and FSH) or TSH in response to these stimuli. The adrenal glands are stimulated to release cortisol, which has metabolic effects.learn more about Endocrine glands here: https://brainly.com/question/1401777
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Assessment for surfactant level via lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio in the amniotic fluid is a primary estimation of fetal maturity. The purpose of surfactant is to:
Assessment for surfactant level via lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio in the amniotic fluid is a direct estimation of fetal maturity. The purpose of surfactant is to prevent the collapsing of the alveoli during expiration.
Lecithin Sphingomyelin RatioClinicians can evaluate fetal lung development using a number of techniques, including the Lecithin-to-Sphingomyelin Ratio (L/S ratio). Amniocentesis was used to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid for this biochemical test, which was first developed in the 1970s and used to assess the likelihood that the newborn will experience respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).The maturation of the pulmonary system advances with growing gestational age as fetal lung development happens gradually.Alveoli don't collapse during expiration thanks to the surfactant's impact. Phospholipids, proteins, and lipids are all components of the surfactant. The phospholipids' chemical makeup is significant. One phospholipid in mature surfactant is phosphatidylcholine, also known as lecithin.To learn more about Lecithin refer to:
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What are the 4 main steps of cellular respiration
Answer:
glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
Explanation:
The stages of cellular respiration include glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Beginning with the flow phase, arrange the biochemical processes in the order in which they occur during the menstrual cycle.
FSH and LH stimulate the follicles to develop and the oocyte to produce estrogen.
A breakdown of corpus luteum causes progesterone levels to drop.
A spike in LH causes the follicle to rupture.
The endometrial lining breaks down and low levels of estrogen stimulate the pituitary to release FSH and LH.
Rising estrogen levels suppress FSH production and development of other follicles.
High progesterone levels maintain the endometrial lining of the uterus.
The biochemical processes in the order in which they occur during the menstrual cycle.
FSH and LH stimulate the follicles to develop and the oocyte to produce estrogen.Rising estrogen levels suppress FSH production and the development of other follicles.Elevated levels of progesterone maintain the endometrial lining of the uterus.An LH surge causes the follicle to rupture.The breakdown of the corpus luteum causes progesterone levels to drop.The endometrial lining breaks down and low estrogen levels stimulate the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH.How is the menstrual cycle regulated?The menstrual cycle is regulated by the complex interaction of hormones: luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.
With this information, we can conclude that progesterone is a hormone that is responsible for regulating a woman's menstrual cycle, preparing the uterus to receive the fertilized egg and preventing it from being expelled by the body.
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Scientific research shows that our global climate is changing. The global sea level is rising and ocean temperatures are increasing. Which of the following best predicts an outcome of this global climate change in a coastal ecosystem? (4 points)
The change in temperature will cause organisms that are sensitive to cold to migrate to the area.
The milder temperature will encourage a growth in the diversity of sea life.
The loss of habitat will lead to endangering or extinction of species living there.
The rising sea level will provide water during drought to species living there.
The statement that best predicts an outcome of this global climate change in a coastal ecosystem is as follows:
The loss of habitat will lead to endangering or extinction of species living there.Thus, the correct option is C.
What is an Ecosystem?An ecosystem may be defined as a place or an area where organisms of different species live together and interact with one another for the purpose of food, shelter, and space.
Coastal ecosystems such as Mangroves, Estuaries, Deltas, Dune fields, Wetlands, Swamps, Salt marshes, etc. should be negatively influenced by the increasing sea level, damaging regional biodiversity by diminishing food sources, transformations in food chains, and structural modifications, in addition to provoking compelled migrations of wild populations from one place to another randomly.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is C.
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The loss of habitat will lead to endangering or extinction of species living there.Answer:
Explanation:
Which operon type(s) use the product produced from the biochemical pathway as a repressor or activator
Both negative repressible and positive repressible operon.
What are negative and positive repressible operon?
A regulatory protein attaches to DNA during the negative control process and prevents transcription. For positive control, the situation is the opposite.
Operons that are negatively repressible require an inducer to bind to them in order to stop transcription.
Regulatory proteins are activators in the presence of positive control. In the case of positive repression, the inducer binds to the protein to change its structure, preventing it from binding to the DNA and allowing transcription to take place.
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Anaerobic respiration occurs in absence of oxygen and lactic acid fermentation occurs in lack of oxygen, so, why lactic acid fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration?
Fermentation of lactic acid occurs when cells make ATP without having a supply of oxygen.
Oxygen abundance permits aerobic respiration to proceed. This permits glucose to be totally oxidized to produce an abundance of energy. In contrast, when oxygen is low, cells switch to a significantly less efficient type of energy production. This process is called anaerobic respiration.
Glycolysis is the first step in the fermentation process, but fermentation does not involve the second and third stages of aerobic cellular respiration (the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation). Glycolysis results in the production of two additional ATP molecules on top of the reduction of two NAD+ electron carriers into two NADH molecules. It is important that NADH be oxidized once more so that glycolysis may proceed and cells can keep producing two copies of ATP. Due to the absence of oxygen, the cells are unable to undergo oxidative phosphorylation, which prevents them from producing more than two ATP during the fermentation process.
There are two different kinds of fermentation: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. Only the fermentation of lactic acid can take place within our cells. The pyruvate produced by glycolysis is converted to lactic acid in the process of lactic acid fermentation in the absence of oxygen.
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An sRNA is isolated from a bacterial cell. What would you do to determine whether it is a cis-encoded or a trans-encoded sequence
The direction of the regulation of gene expression is to identify whether the sRNA isolated from bacterial cell is cis-encoded or trans-encoded.
Small Regulatory RNAs:
These are the small RNA molecules (sRNA) used for the gene expression in prokaryotes. They directly bind to the target mRNA and initiate the regulation of the gene expression.There are two types of small regulatory RNA -cis encoded and trans encoded sRNA.
These both sRNA are regulatory proteins, involved in the post-transcriptional regulation in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes.In cis-encoded sRNA, the regulation of gene expression starts in the opposite direction whereas, in trans-encoded the regulation starts in the same direction from the promoter of the bacterial chromosome.
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2 On a hot day, dogs sweat through their paw pads
and pant, which helps keep them cool. Both the
sweating and panting are
(1) due to a loss of oxygen
(2) a failure of cell communication
(3) due to a lack of adaptation to the environment
(4) a response to a stimulus
Answer:
a response to a stimulus
On a hot day, dogs sweat through their paw pads and pant, which helps keep them cool. Both sweating and panting are a response to a stimulus. So the correct option is (4).
Why does sweating happen?On a hot day, the internal temperature of our body also starts to rise. When this happens, the hypothalamus signals the sweat glands located in all the regions of the skin to produce sweat.
The sweat is then secreted on the surface of our skin. This is mainly composed of water and salt. The high temperature of the surroundings then causes the evaporation of the sweat.
The evaporation of sweat from the surface of the skin leaves the surface of the skin, from where it was evaporated, cooler. Thus sweating is a mechanism to maintain the normal temperature of the body.
The sweat is inherently odourless and the odour is produced by the bacteria on our skin that feed on the sweat.
Hence, on a hot day, the sweating and panting of the dog through their paw pads, which keeps them cool, is a response to a stimulus.
Therefore the correct answer is D
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How does the proper breakdown of collagen in red meat affect the final texture when braised or stewed
Collagen makes up the majority of skin and the tendons that join muscles to bones. Cooking techniques that use slow, wet heat, such stewing or braising, are optimal for cuts that are high in collagen. Collagen is soluble in water, and it transforms into gelatin when cooked gently over moist heat. By chopping meat into smaller pieces, that makes the fibers smaller and simpler to break apart, we can also make collagen less rigid.
The most common protein in animals is collagen, a lengthy, rigid protein. It is made up of three distinct molecules that are wrapped around one another to form a rope-like structure. These molecules are each formed of amino acid chains. The collagen is extremely strong because of this structure, which also makes it more challenging to break down. A piece of meat becomes increasingly difficult to cut and chew as the amount of collagen increases.
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HIV attack of CD4 T cells causes suppression of both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. Group of answer choices True False
HIV's attack on CD4 T cells causes suppression of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. the statement is correct is true
Group of answer choices True How does HIV infect the human body?HIV binds to a component of that cell's membrane, CD4, penetrating its interior to multiply. As a result, the defense system gradually loses the ability to respond properly, making the body more vulnerable to disease.
With this information, we can conclude that CD4 are immune system cells (lymphocytes) and the main target of the HIV virus. The number of CD4 decreases with the evolution of the pathology.
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Which of the following need therapeutic cloning technology?
I. Tissue transplantation
II. Replacing insulin-producing pancreatic cells
III. Generating human organs
A. I and II
B. II and III
C. I and III
D. I, II, and III
All of the following will need therapeutic cloning technology which is why option D was chosen.
What is Therapeutic cloning technology?This is the process which involves creating a cloned embryo to produce embryonic stem cells which has the same DNA as donor cells.
This is used for the treatment of different forms of disease or serious forms of injuries encountered by individuals.
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