Gorbachev's reforms are ultimately responsible for the Soviet collapse, which saw the end of Soviet superpower status, a massive reduction in the Soviet military's size and strength, the unilateral evacuation of all territories in Central and Eastern Europe occupied at great human cost in the Second World War, and a rapidly declining economy fragmented into fifteen separate states. Much of the argument that the Soviet political system and economy needed reform needed change to avoid collapse came directly from him - the phrase "Era of Stagnation" to describe the Brezhnev years is actually a piece of Gorbachev's rhetoric. However there seems to be a strong case (made by Stephen Kotkin in Armageddon Averted), that while the Soviet economy was growing at ever slower rates, and increasingly unable to close the ever-present gap in living standards between the USSR and the West, probably could have continued to muddle on - there was no imminent danger of political and economic collapse in 1985. It's also important to note that Gorbachev's reforms did not cause the collapse of the USSR on purpose, and Gorbachev was always committed to maintaining the union in some reformed shape under an economic system that was still socialist. However, his reforms both began to pick apart the centralized economy without really creating new institutions, which caused severe economic disruptions, and his political reforms unleashed new political movements outside his control, while all of these reforms antagonized more hardline members of the nomenklatura (party establishment). Ultimately he lost control of the situation. The Soviet system was highly-centralized and governed in a top-down approach, and it was Gorbachev who put reforms into motion and also removed members of the Soviet government and Communist party who opposed reforms. Gorbachev's period tends to get divided into roughly three periods: a period of reform, a period of transformation, and a period of collapse. The period of reform lasted roughly from 1985 to 1988, in which Gorbachev and his supporters in the government (notably Eduard Shevardnadze, Gorbachev's foreign minister and the future President of Georgi, and Aleksandr Yakovlev, Gorbachev's ally on the Politburo and the intellectual driver of reforms) tried a mixture of moderate reforms and moral suasion to revitalize the Soviet economy as it was, echoing Khrushchev's reforms of 20 years previous. While the goal was a revitalization of Soviet society and the economy, there was a very strong focus on morality: this period notably featured the anti-alcoholism/prohibition campaign, and very public campaigns against corruption (Dmitry Furman called this a "sort of Marxist Protestantism"). When these efforts did not secure the results that Gorbachev and his reformers desired, more far-reaching reforms were pursued in the 1988-1990 period. This is when Gorbachev made massive changes to Soviet foreign policy, such as withdrawing from Afghanistan in 1989, announcing unilateral cuts to military spending and forces at the UN in 1988, and more or less cutting the USSR's Eastern European satellite states in 1989. On the domestic sphere, this is when Gorbachev pushed through major political changes to the Soviet system, pushing through a new Congress of People's Deputies to be filled through semi-free elections, removing the Communist Party's monopoly of power and creating the office of President of the USSR for himself in 1990. This is also the period when glasnost ("openness", ie the lifting of censorship) took off, and these all were largely attempts to establish a new base of support for continued reforms once it became clear to Gorbachev that most of the Communist Party was uninterested in this. These reforms ushered in the 1990-1991 chaos, at which point Gorbachev essentially lost control. Falling oil prices and the crackdown on alcohol sales (which were a massive part of the Soviet budget), plus Gorbachev's loosening of management and sales restrictions on state firms while maintaining most of their subsidies, plus plans for importing of new Western machine tools and technology to revitalize the economy, seriously destabilized the Soviet budget, and caused the government to turn to the printing presses to cover ever increasing deficits.
Read the excerpt from the document below and answer the question that follows.
What is the structure of this document?
fill-in-the-blank form
sequenced instructions
essay style
Q&A style
The the structure of this document is Question and Answer Style (Option D)
What is document structure?This refers to the format that the author decides to use in organizing the information in their text.
Given that the the referenced text contains questions and answers as a means of conveying information, it is thus suggestive of a "Questions and Answer Style.
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American colonists sent salted cod to the Caribbean in exchange for molasses and sugar
from which they made rum. What was the rum often used to purchase?
Answer:
Slaves from Africa.
Explanation:
That practice was known as the Triangle Trade. The rum was sold to the west coast of Africa in exchange for slaves. The slaves then were sent to the West Indies by the Middle Passage. Once they reach there, they were sold for molasses and money. Those molasses were sent back to the American Colonies to make rum and start the Triangle all over again.
I hope this answer helps you.
which lines lead you to the conclusion that McBeth has decided to kill the king
Answer:
The lines that lead me to the conclusion that Macbeth has decided to kill the king are: "I am settled, and bend up / Each corporal agent to this terrible feat." Macbeth is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare which dramatises the damaging physical and psychological effects of political ambition on those who seek power for its own sake.
Explanation:
:)
How did this activity help you understand different points of view about the US policy of neutrality? Did it change what you know in any way? What would you like to know more about?
The reasons for the US policy of neutrality includes:
to maintain the heart of American foreign policy to prevent the country from entangle with alliances with other nations.What effected the US policy of neutrality?After intense debate in Congress, the Neutrality Act was passed in 1939 and the legislation lifted the arms embargo and put all trade with belligerent nations under the terms of “cash-and-carry.
Hence, the activity help to understand different points of view about the US policy of neutrality because gave reason that includes need to maintain the heart of American foreign policy and to prevent the country from entangle with alliances with other nations.
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Why is it important to save money? A) If you have money in savings, you won’t be charged interest on your loans. B) If you save money now, you will have multiple bankruptcy options in the future C) Saving money allows you to pay for expensive goods and services in the future. Eliminate D) Saving money is a requirement once you start earning a regular salary.
It is important to save money because If you save money now, you will have multiple bankruptcy options in the future.
Why is Saving important?It is important to keep certain amount of your earning to prevent future lack.
This is because the material may be needed when the individual does not have enough money hence savings can be used.
Therefore, It is important to save money because If you save money now, you will have multiple bankruptcy options in the future.
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The lesson explains that some things were shared in the Columbian
Exchange on purpose, and some things were shared by accident. What is an
example of something that was shared by accident?
A. Guns
B. Germs
C. Pigs
D. Wheat
D
SUBMIT
One thing that was shared by accident during the Columbian exchange was B. Germs.
What negative things came with the Columbian exchange?the Columbian exchange refers to the trade of goods, people, services, and ideas between Africa, Europe, and the Americas.
as a result of people from these continents mingling, germs were spread and people (mostly American natives) died in the millions from not having immunity.
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Some points for a 5 paragraph essay on why George Washington had the most impact during the Age of Revolution
Answer:
Explanation:
During the American Revolution, he led the colonial forces to victory over the British and became a national hero. In 1787, he was elected president of the convention that wrote the U.S. Constitution. Two years later, Washington became America's first president.
Which development would most likely reflect Karl marxs belief in the economic system that he produced would replace free markets?
Answer:
Explanation:
what conclusion can be drawn from the primary source?
identify four characteristics of civilizations in south east Asia
Answer:
Explanation:
The Chinese language and ancient writing systems of Hanzi, as well as common religious and ethical concepts represented by the Three Teachings of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, are some of the defining East Asian cultural traits.
Print was significant in spreading –
a. Ideas
b. Ideas and concepts
c. Ideas and views
d. Views
The print was significant in spreading Ideas and views. Therefore, option C is the correct option.
What are your ideas and views?Ideas and views are the creative abilities of the human mind. An idea can be a consequence of analyzing situations, literature, and opinions of other scholars. Ideas can be used in many aspects of life and therefore they don't have a limited scope to work upon. The ideas can influence how individual talks and also they can influence how the rocket in space is going to reach.
The views are the kind of amalgamation of philosophical, logical, and reasonable perspectives. The views of an individual can influence his or her attitude towards life and all the other activities of life.
Thus, print had a big impact on how ideas and opinions were spread. As a result, choice C is the best one.
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Mortgage payments and student loans are examples of... A) assets B) credit C) collateral Eliminate D) income
Mortgage payments, as well as student loans, are classified as credit.
It should be noted that assets are belongings, what one owns, since loans and periodic payments thereon are examples of borrowing or credit, it means assets cannot be obligations, as a result, the option with assets is not relevant in this case.
Secondly, credit means what one owes, obligations that one would make payments in order to discharge them in the future, without mincing words, mortgage payments and student loans fit into this categorization, the correct option, in this case, is option B
Also, collateral is required as a form of equity or contribution when one takes out a loan to finance the purchase of an asset.
Lastly, income refers to earnings and borrowings are not related to income, making it safe to conclude that option D is also nonapplicable to the question at hand.
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which united states ecosystem can be described as dry conditins with limited plant growth
The desert is the ecosystem that is described as dry conditions with limited plant growth.
What is a desert?This is an area that receives on average less than 10 inches of rainfall per year and is characterized by dry conditions.
Hence, the desert is the ecosystem that is described as dry conditions with limited plant growth.
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Who had a home called "The Little White House" at Warm Springs, Georgia, and also inspired millions of people, especially the disabled? A) Jimmy Carter Eliminate B) Button Gwinnett C) Franklin Roosevelt D) Theodore Roosevelt
Answer: C. Franklin D. Roosevelt
Explanation: he used this as a positive outlet for his own personal struggle with polio through creation of the Warm Springs Foundation.
Answer: c
Explanation: i took the test
Which town was known as a center of textile manufacturing, and was named after the businessman who helped bring
the industrial revolution to the u.s.?
Answer:
Lowell, Massachusetts
Explanation:
In the long run, the most significant division of American opinion exacerbated by the war in Mexico was that between the North and South. The doctrine of America’s manifest destiny had not sprung originally from a slave power conspiracy but from policies with nationwide appeal and deep cultural roots. When James Knox Polk came into office, territorial expansion did not constitute a sectional issue but a party one. . . . Polk did not share Calhoun’s disposition to view all matters in terms of their impact on the slavery question. Nevertheless, as his term went by, his administration increasingly appeared narrowly southern in outlook. The president’s imperialist objectives came to prompt a bitter sectional dispute over slavery’s extension, bearing out Calhoun’s foreboding.
-Source: Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, 2007
The pattern described in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following long-term developments?
i. the economic differences between regions
ii. the United States’ efforts to develop the West
iii. the regional divisiveness within political parties
iv. the renewed commitment to Manifest Destiny
The regional divisiveness within political parties.
What does "divisive politics" mean?Divisiveness is defined as the propensity for conflict or antagonism among people. Both politics and religion are examples of topics that are considered to be controversial.
What does divisiveness mean?Political polarization is the departure of political opinions from the middle and toward ideological extremes. The majority of political science debates of polarization take political parties and democratic forms of government into account.
What is a good illustration of political polarization?For instance, the number of conservative Democrats in Congress declined when the Voting Rights Act was passed, while the number of conservative Republicans climbed.
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Why did proponents of the torture memo believe that waterboarding was acceptable interrogation technique
The inference is that proponents of the torture memo believe that waterboarding was acceptable interrogation technique because they're argued that the president has the authority to do whatever was necessary to get information regarding the war on terrorism.
What is an inference?It should be noted that an inference simply means the conclusion that can be deduced based on the information.
In this case, proponents believed that waterboarding was an acceptable interrogation technique because the president has the authority to get information regarding the war on terrorism. This was important to combat it.
In conclusion, the correct option is C.
Complete question:
Why did proponents of the torture memo believe that waterboarding was an acceptable interrogation technique?
A. They argued that waterboarding was used in multiple conflicts throughout the twentieth century.
B. They argued that waterboarding was not considered torture in countries like Iraq, so could be used by the United States.
*C. They argued that the president had the authority to do whatever he deemed necessary to get information in the global war on terrorism.
D. They argued that Congress had not specifically outlawed waterboarding, so it should be upheld as a useful tactic
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Writing to representatives, working for a candidate or
political party, and presenting to the local school board or
city council are examples of which of the following?
Select one:
O a. Political attitudes
O b. Political scandals
O c. Polling
O d. Political participation
Answer: Political Participation
Explanation:
Select the correct text in the passage.
The following excerpt is from a speech by Abraham Lincoln. Which line implies that Lincoln tried to convince Southerners that they were
responsible for the growing conflict in the nation by defending slavery?
My countrymen, one and all think calmly and well upon this whole subject. Nothing valuable can be lost by taking time. If there be an object to
hurry any of you in hot haste to a step which you would never take deliberately, that object will be frustrated by taking time; but no good object
can be frustrated by it. Such of you as are now dissatisfied still have the old Constitution unimpaired, and, on the sensitive point, the laws of
your own framing under it while the new Administration will have no immediate power, if it would, to change either. If it were admitted that you
who are dissatisfied hold the right side in the dispute, there still is no single good reason for precipitate action. Intelligence, patriotism,
Christianity, and a firm reliance on Him who has never yet forsaken this favored land are still competent to adjust in the best way all our present
difficulty.
in your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You
can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Government, while I shall
have the most solemn one to "preserve, protect, and defend it."
I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds
of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this
broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.
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The line implies that Lincoln tried to convince Southerners that they were responsible for the growing conflict in the nation by defending slavery is " In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war." This is further explained below.
Who is Abraham Lincoln?Generally, Abraham Lincoln was a famous American politician, best known for the Gettysburg Address.
In conclusion, My disgruntled compatriots, the fate of our nation and the possibility of civil war is in your hands, not mine.
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In the line where he says,
"In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war...."
Abraham Lincoln's speech
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States is often remembered for his role in bringing an end to slavery in the country. In this famous speech, he highlights his disapproval of the actions of the southerners which were hindering his efforts to end slavery. This is made evident in the line where he said, "In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war...."
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The covert cia effort to overthrow the castro regime in the early 1960s was known by what codename?.
Answer:
The Bay of Pigs Invasion
Explanation:
The Bay of Pigs Invasion in April 1961 was a failed attack launched by the CIA during the Kennedy administration to push Cuban leader Fidel Castro from power.
Imagine that you were President Ford when he was trying to decide whether to pardon Nixon. Use the table below to list the pros and cons that Ford may have considered when making his decision. Fill in the table with reasons that you would pardon Nixon and reasons that you would not.
Some of the pros to pardoning Nixon that President Ford would have considered included:
It would allow the nation to heal and move on.It would allow the nation to focus on current issues. It would heal the rift that had formed between Nixon supporters and dissidents.Some cons to pardoning Nixon:
It would portray an image of Presidents being above the law. It would decrease the popularity of President Ford. Why did Ford pardon Nixon?Ford felt that the nation's attention was too much on the Watergate issue when other matters needed attention. He also felt the issue was dividing the nation.
When he pardoned Nixon, a lot of people were outraged as they felt that Nixon had escaped justice. This led to a loss of popularity for Ford.
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this is the edmentum sample answer hope this helps!
when did Europe first become a civilization and what was the length of its rule/dominance? geographical location?
Answer:
Europe first became a civilization during the Roman Empire, which lasted from 27 BC to 476 AD. The Roman Empire was located in what is now known as Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.
A shipping box is shaped like a rectangular prisim with length of 20 inches,a width of 12 inches and a height of 5 inches . Draw a net of the box. Label its dimensions
A net of the box is a tool to facilitate the assembly of a box.
What is a net of the box?A net of the box is a graphical tool that serves as a guide to build three-dimensional models of geometric shapes with the help of guide lines.
To create a net of the box of the shipping box, we must take into account the measurements so that its assembly can be done correctly and the flaps coincide with the sides of the box.
Below is how the net of the box of the described box would look like.
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Benjamin Franklin believed a major reason for colonial population growth was Group of answer choices an abundance of cheap land. couples marrying later than in Europe. rapid advances in medical science. English immunity to contagious diseases. government bounties for large families.
Benjamin Franklin believed a major reason for colonial population growth was government bounties for large families.
The population of the American colonies through the 18th century was primarily a mixture of immigrants from different countries in Europe and slaves from Africa. These populations continued to grow at a rapid rate throughout the 18th century primarily because of high birth rates and relatively low death rates. From 260 000 settlers in 1700 the colonial population grew eight times to 2 150 000 in 1770. (In comparison the French colonial population grew from 15 000 to 90 000 in 1775 i.e. just 4% of the English total.) In fact the English colonial population doubled almost every 25 years in the 1700s. Large families and more immigrants came to the colonies. Many Europeans were escaping from the wars in Europe. Large families and more immigrants came to the colonies.
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Read the excerpt from "Everest Then and Now."
Most climbers train a lot before attempting to climb Everest. They train to improve their physical condition. The most common ways to train include climbing, swimming, running, biking, and weightlifting. You need to have good endurance, stamina, and strength to climb Everest. They also need to buy equipment, including boots and clothes made of special materials. Spikes that attach to boots are necessary to prevent slipping. Having an ice ax also makes climbing easier. Ski goggles protect the eyes from high winds and blowing snow in blizzards. Portable burners and lightweight pots are needed for cooking on the mountain. An outdoor GPS receiver is also necessary so that climbers can be located if they get stuck and need to be rescued. There is an area of the mountain called Khumbu Icefall. This area contains shifting ice and deep crevasses. Special ropes and ladders are needed to cross this area. Climbers use the ladders and ropes to build bridges across gaps in the snow and ice. Some climbers bring their laptops, phones, and cameras to document their journey to the peak. Believe it or not, Everest has a Wi-Fi network.
How would the information be different if the excerpt were told from a first-person point of view?
The author might compare and contrast the equipment that was used in the past and how it has been improved today.
The author might discuss what he or she has in his or her personal pack and which items he or she thinks are most important.
The author might include the names of companies that make the special equipment and include data about the costs of these materials.
The author might select one type of special equipment and explain in more depth what it is made of and how it is used by climbers.
The author can draw comparisons between the apparatus in use in the past and how it has changed in the present. If the passage were told in the first person, the facts would be different.
What is the height of Mount Everest?
The unique Mount Everest is the tallest Himalayan peak. 8848 meters is how high the huge Everest is. Location of the peak on the border between Nepal and Tibet, China.
Compare and contrast the tools that were employed in the past with how they have changed today, in accordance with this passage. Modern technology uses specialized ropes and ladders and is rather complex.
As a result, option (a) is correct.
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13. A successful revolt of enslaved people occurred in
O A. Benin.
O B. New Spain.
O C. Cuba.
O D. Haiti.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Answer:
d
Explanation:
haiti
HELPPPPPP !!!! WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
what does mean absolute deviation mean
Answer:
The means absolute deviation (MAD) is a measure of variability that indicates the average distance between observations and their mean. MAD uses the original units of the data, which simplifies interpretation.
Explanation:
i am smart
Read the list of Supreme Court cases. Brown v. Board of Education Engel v. Vitale Miranda v. Arizona Gideon v. Wainwright Who was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in those cases? John Marshall John Marshall Warren Burger Warren Burger Earl Warren Earl Warren William Rehnquist
Answer:
THE ASWER IS B]
Explanation:
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Please help!! a paragraph with two supported reasons is needed. (for brainlest answer)
The most important reason that originated the American revolution was the lack of American representation in parliament.
What was the American Revolution?The American revolution is a term to refer to the set of manifestations against the British government by Americans for various reasons, among which are:
Tax increase.No representation in parliament.Use of its natural resources and products.According to the above, the Americans saw that the British rulers were using them to enrich their empire and they did not have the will to repay these benefits to their colonies in America. This caused various manifestations and plots against the British until the begin of War of Independence.
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What did henry luce and henry wallace have in common?
Answer:
They both put forth a new conception of America's role in the world based in part on internationalism and the idea that the American experience should serve as a model for all other nations.
How was African American culture forced to change because of slavery?
Answer:
B seems to be the answer that makes the most sense out of the rest, based on the question. Sorry if I'm wrong though.
Explanation:
Answer: D. African American adopted many beliefs from Christianity
Explanation: