The meninges, along with the cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.) that circulates in between each meningeal layer, function by: serving as shock absorbers for the brain and spinal cord.
Meninges :
The meninges are the three membranes which envelop the brain and spinal cord and separate them from the walls of their bony cases (skull and vertebral column). Meninges are classified as either spinal meninges, which encase the spinal cord, or cranial meninges, which surround the brain.
The major function of the meninges is to protect the brain and spinal cord from mechanical stress, to support the blood vessels and to create a continuous canal through which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows. The innermost meningeal layers (arachnoid and pia), collectively known as the leptomeninges, are where the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) travels.
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The concept of ____ explains why children of parents who are at the extreme ends of a normal (bell-curve) distribution for a phenotype are usually closer to the population average for the phenotype
The concept of regression to the mean explains why children of parents who are at the extreme ends of a normal (bell-curve) distribution for a phenotype are usually closer to the population average for the phenotype.
Regression toward the mean simply means that the likelihood of the subsequent random occurrence being less extreme after an extreme random event is low. Francis Galton was the first to describe regression toward the mean. He carried out a study in 1886 to determine the relationship between children's heights and their parents. After adjusting for the height disparity between men and women (by multiplying each woman's height by 1.08), he measured the heights of 928 adult children and the matching 205 parent couples and discovered something intriguing. The average height of a kid's parents was typically higher than that of the child, but less extreme (closer to the mean). Therefore, the child was frequently shorter if the parents were particularly tall. The child tended to be very tall if the parents were short.learn more about regression to the mean here: https://brainly.com/question/16539587
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The scientific explanation for global warming is very dependent on the _______ atom. a. chlorine b. carbon c. oxygen d. hydrogen
Answer: b. Carbon
Explanation:
Answer:
b. carbon
Explanation:
Carbon in our atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide, contributes greatly to global warming.
hy does the structure of the plasma membrane make this type of transport necessary for fluids?
a diagram showing the process of endocytosis
The structure of the plasma membrane makes this type of transport necessary for fluids is discussed below:
What do you mean by phospholipid membrane?The membrane that divides the interior of the cell from the external environment is known as the plasma membrane, sometimes known as the cell membrane, and is present in all cells. A cell wall is affixed to the plasma membrane on the exterior of bacterial and plant cells.
Because water and other polar or charged substances cannot easily traverse the hydrophobic core of the membrane, the phospholipid bilayer created by these interactions serves as an effective barrier between the interior and exterior of the cell.
The complete sentence of question is:
Why does the structure of the plasma membrane make this type of transport necessary for fluids
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The degree to which a muscle cell can stretch depends on its: The degree to which a muscle cell can stretch depends on its: excitability. conductivity. distensibility. contractility.
The degree to which a muscle cell can stretch depends on its Distensibility.
What are muscle cells?The cells that make up muscular tissue are referred to as myocytes, or muscle cells. The human body contains three different types of muscle cells: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. Due to their lengthy and fibrous nature, cardiac and skeletal myocytes are commonly referred to as muscle fibers.
Five major properties of the muscular system:
Excitable or Irritable,Contractible,Extensible,Elasticity,Adaptability.A muscle's extensibility refers to its capacity for stretching. Elbow flexion requires the elbow extensor muscles to extend in order for flexion to take place. Spasticity is a lack of extensibility.
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distinguishing plate boundaries divergent boundary convergant boundary transform boundary
Answer:
Divergent boundaries -- where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other. Convergent boundaries -- where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another. Transform boundaries -- where crust is neither produced nor destroyed as the plates slide horizontally past each other.A divergent boundary is where two tectonic plates are moving away from each other. A convergent boundary is where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other. A transform boundary is where two tectonic plates are sliding past each other horizontally.
Divergent Boundary: In this boundary, the plates are being pulled apart by tensional forces. As they separate, magma from the mantle rises to fill the gap, creating a new crust. This process is known as seafloor spreading.
Divergent boundaries are often associated with mid-ocean ridges, underwater mountain ranges formed by the upwelling of magma. On land, they can result in rift valleys, where the Earth's crust is being pulled apart.
Convergent Boundary: In this boundary, the plates are being pushed together by compressional forces. As they collide, one plate is usually forced beneath the other in a process called subduction. Alternatively, if both plates have similar densities, they may compress and buckle, creating mountain ranges.
Convergent boundaries can lead to deep oceanic trenches (associated with subduction zones) and volcanic arcs on the overriding plate. They also create mountain ranges like the Andes and the Himalayas.
Transform Boundary: In this boundary, the plates are moving laterally in opposite directions. The movement is not smooth and can cause earthquakes as the plates get locked together and then suddenly slip past each other, releasing pent-up energy.
Transform boundaries are characterized by prominent fault lines, such as the San Andreas Fault in California, where the Pacific Plate and North American Plate slide past each other.
In summary, divergent boundaries involve plates moving apart, convergent boundaries involve plates coming together, and transform boundaries involve plates sliding past each other horizontally.
These plate interactions play a crucial role in shaping the Earth's surface and are responsible for many geological phenomena and natural disasters.
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The gas exchange during cellular respiration involves _____ moving into cells and ____ moving out of cells. The gas exchange during cellular respiration involves _____ moving into cells and ____ moving out of cells. methane; nitrous oxide nitrous oxide; oxygen oxygen; carbon dioxide carbon dioxide; oxygen
Answer:
The gas exchange during cellular respiration involves oxygen moving into cells and carbon dioxide moving out of cells.
Explanation:
"...the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules, diverging the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and discarding, as waste products, carbon dioxide and water." - Britannica
The gas exchange during cellular respiration involves oxygen moving into cells and carbon dioxide moving out of cells.
During gas change oxygen actions from the lungs to the bloodstream. on an equal time, carbon dioxide passes from the blood to the lungs. This happens within the lungs among the alveoli and a network of tiny blood vessels known as capillaries, which might be located in the walls of the alveoli.
Three strategies are critical for the switch of oxygen from the out of doors air to the blood flowing through the lungs: airflow, diffusion, and perfusion. ventilation is the manner through which air moves in and out of the lungs.
The lungs and respiratory system permit us to respire. they create oxygen into our bodies (called a concept, or inhalation) and send carbon dioxide out (referred to as expiration, or exhalation). This alternate of oxygen and carbon dioxide is referred to as respiratory.
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What postural and movement deviation occurs when the knees excessively bow inward toward the midline? Knee hyperextension Knee flexion Knee varus Knee valgus
The postural and movement deviation occurs when the knees bend excessively inwards towards the midline is Knee valgus
What is knee valgus?Knee valgus or genu valgus, also known as knee in X, is one that has a deviation of the joint inward with respect to the center line of the limb. In this type of alignment, the knees are closer together and the feet are farther apart.
With this information, we can conclude that Knee valgus, also known as genu valgus, is a situation in which the knees are misaligned and installed inward, touching each other.
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A lymphoma of unknown origin characterized by progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue and symptoms of fever, weakness, night sweats, and weight loss is:
A lymphoma of unknown origin characterized by progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue and symptoms of fever, weakness, night sweats, and weight loss is Hodgkin’s disease (Hodgkin’s lymphoma).
What is a lymphoma?Lymphoma is a broad term for cancer that begins in cells of the lymph system.It is of two main types: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).What is Hodgkin’s lymphoma?Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the body's germ-fighting immune system.It is caused due to a mutation in the DNA of a type of white blood cell called B lymphocytes.The lymphocytes grow out of control causing swollen lymph nodes and growths throughout the body.Learn more about B-lymphocytes here:
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If water were a nonpolar molecule, how would its properties be different?
Answer:
water would not be able to form hydrogen bonds
Explanation:
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Which of the following fractures is associated with bruising around the ears and blood coming from the nose? Basilar skull fracture Orbit fracture Mandibular fracture Maxilla fracture
Would it have been possible to determine the identity of the unknown if a whole egg was used instead of only the albumin
The identity of the unknown organism can be identified more efficiently if whole egg is used instead of only albumin.
Would it have been possible to find out the identity of unknown from the whole egg?Yes, it would have been possible to determine the identity of the unknown if a whole egg was used instead of only the albumin because the whole egg provides the more information about the organisms as compared to only albumin.
So we can conclude that the identity of the unknown organism can be identified more efficiently if whole egg is used instead of only albumin.
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An increase in plasma levels of ACTH leads to A. increased plasma glucagon levels B. increased plasma cortisol levels C. increased plasma parathyroid hormone levels D. increased plasma vasopressin levels E. increased plasm epinephrine levels
An increase in plasma levels of ACTH leads to B. increased plasma cortisol levels.
If your cortisol ranges are too high or too low, it is able to suggest you have got a disease of your adrenal glands, trouble along with your pituitary gland, or a tumor that makes cortisol. high degrees of cortisol can also appear if you take massive doses of certain steroid medicines, such as prednisone, for the long term.
Cortisol raises blood sugar via freeing saved glucose, whilst insulin lowers blood sugar. Having chronically high cortisol stages can result in continual excessive blood sugar (hyperglycemia). This may reason for type 2 diabetes.
The cortisol blood test measures the level of cortisol within the blood. Cortisol is a steroid (glucocorticoid or corticosteroid) hormone produced by the adrenal gland. Cortisol can also be measured using a urine or saliva test.
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Which biosafety level is appropriate for research with microbes or infectious agents that pose moderate risk to laboratory workers and the community, and are typically indigenous
BSL-2 is appropriate for research with microbes or infectious agents that pose moderate risk to laboratory workers and the community, and are typically indigenous.
What is BSL-2?BSL-2 biosafety category applies to labs that work with pathogenic or infectious organisms that pose a moderate risk to human health and are connected with human diseases.
Mycobacterium, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Salmonella choleraesuis are BSL-2 organisms. The biological agents in the BSL-3 risk group typically cause major sickness (in humans, animals, or plants) or have the potential to have serious economic repercussions.
Due of the possible risk posed by the aforementioned bacteria, BSL-2 facilities incorporate increased procedures in addition to the usual microbiological practices used in BSL-1 laboratories. Employees in BSL-2 labs are encouraged to exercise considerably more caution to avoid exposure to mucous membranes and injuries like cuts and other skin breaches.
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A(n) ________ is an example of an organism that can sometimes reproduce asexually by parthenogenesis. A(n) ________ is an example of an organism that can sometimes reproduce asexually by parthenogenesis. mouse zebra shark human cat
A(n) shark is an example of an organism that can sometimes reproduce asexually by parthenogenesis.
What is parthenogenesis?Parthenogenesis is defined as a special type of asexual reproduction in living organisms which involves the development of female gametes without any fertilization.
However too parthenogenesis occurs in some plants.
There are three different forms of parthenogenesis; these are:
ArrhenotokyThelytokyDeuterotoky.In conclusion, shark is an example of an organism that can sometimes reproduce asexually by parthenogenesis.
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Who is and who is not recommended to receive a flu vaccine? Why do these recommendations exist?
Why is it important for the CDC to update its flu vaccination recommendations each year?
Describe an example of a plant cell that is specialized for a specific function. What is special about the cell that allows it to perform this specific function?
A plant cell type that is specialized for a specific function is the mesophyll cells in the leaves, which contain many chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis.
What is cell differentiation?Cell differentiation refers to the specialization by which cells can perform specific functions.
Mesophyll cells in the plant leaves are specialized cells that contain chloroplasts, which are organelles where photosynthesis occurs.
In conclusion, a plant cell type that is specialized for a specific function is the mesophyll cells in the leaves, which contain many chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis.
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What are the majority of the small percentage of ovarian cancers that are associated with a known pattern of inheritance associated with
The majority of the small percentage of ovarian cancers that are associated with a known pattern of inheritance associated with Susceptibility of the BRCA1 gene.
Which cancers are associated with BRCA1 gene?
BRCA1 and BRCA2 harmful mutations raise the risk of various other malignancies. These include primary peritoneal cancer (7) and fallopian tube cancer (5, 6), both of which arise from the same cells as the most prevalent kind of ovarian cancer in women.
What is the common symptoms of ovarian cancer?a bloated or enlarged stomach.No appetite or feeling full right away after eating, as well as stomach or pelvic pain or tendernessa sudden urge to urinate or a rise in frequency.Learn more about cancer here:
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____________ is translated by the ribosomes and contains the code that specifies the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
mRNA (Messenger RNA) is translated by ribosomes and contains the code that specifies the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chain.
A single-stranded ribonucleic acid molecule is known as messenger RNA(mRNA) plays a major role in translation.
Translation is the method by which an mRNA codes for a certain protein. mRNA provides the template for protein synthesis.
The ribosome translates the mRNA that is produced from the DNA into a chain of certain amino acids and protein synthesis is facilitated by this amino acid sequence.
The genetic code, which connects the DNA sequence to the amino acid sequence of proteins, is used to "read" the mRNA. Each group of three nucleotides in mRNA forms a codon, and each codon corresponds to a particular amino acid (triplet code).
Thus mRNA contains the code that specifies the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
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Paul ekman and walter friesen traveled to new guinea to study the meaning of various facial expressions in the primitive south fore tribe. What major conclusion did they reach?.
The conclusion they reached was that the six major emotional expressions appear to be universal.
What are facial expressions?Facial expressions are the various movement of the face that shows the emotional state of an individual.
The six major emotional expressions are :
anger, happiness, fear, surprise, disgust and sadness.These are be expressed by any individual in any part of the world.
Therefore, the conclusion they reached was that the six major emotional expressions appear to be universal.
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When encountering a powerboat in darkness or reduced visibility, what do visible white and red lights indicate?.
If you are planning a
vacation to the beach and
find out that the town has
prevailing winds coming
from the ocean. What is the
weather likely to be?
A. Damp and very cold
B. Dry and cold
C. Mild and damp
OD. Dry and warm
The weather likely to be : (A). Damp and very cold
Weather can be defined as the state or nature of the atmosphere in a particular place and at a given time with respect to heat, cloudiness, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain etc.
The weather is influenced on a regular basis by deferent factors, some are natural while others are artificial.
In conclusion, The weather likely to be : (A). Damp and very cold
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haemophilia is an x-linked recessive disorder that is always pass their generations that can be traced by using a pedigree what is the probability that the female child of Charles and Marie will suffer from hemophilia
The probability of the female child of Charles and Marie suffering from hemophilia is 50% or 0.5.
What is the probability of hemophilia?Hemophilia is a disease that is linked to the X-chromosome.
The probability of having female who suffers from hemophilia depends on the genotype of the parents.
Assuming that the genotype of the parents are as follows:
Father: XcY --> hemophilic
Mother: XXc --> carrier
A cross between the parents will produce two female offspring with genotypes, XcXc and XXc.
Therefore, the probability of the female child of Charles and Marie suffering from hemophilia is 50% or 0.5.
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PLEASE ANSWER QUICK, I’LL GIVE BRAINLIEST TO THE CORRECT ONE!
1. What are the independent and dependent variables in each of the experiments?
2. What information should be added to the diagram to give the reader a better understanding of how these experiments
were conducted?
3. What items should have been CONTROLLED in the experiments?
4. How much confidence would you have in the conclusion of experiment 3 if you found out that the temperature was not
controlled? Explain your reasoning.
The independent variables are temperature, airflow, and light intensity and the dependent variable is the volume of water lost.
The initial volume of water should be known.
The initial volume of water should have been controlled.
The results of experiment 3 are not valid if the temperature is not controlled.
What is evaporation?
The surface phenomenon in which a liquid is converted into a vapor is defined as evaporation. The surface phenomenon means that only the exposed layer of the liquid will be affected.
This is different from boiling as boiling is a bulk phenomenon in which the entire volume of the liquid is affected and converted to vapor.
Also, unlike boiling, evaporation can happen at any temperature but it is faster at high temperatures. Evaporation is also affected by the speed of the wind, light intensity, and humidity.
Therefore, in this experiment, where the rate of evaporation in different variables is being measured,
The independent variables are temperature, airflow, and light intensity and the dependent variable is the volume of water lost. The initial volume of water should be known. The initial volume of water should have been controlled. The results of experiment 3 are not valid if the temperature is not controlled.
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The green area between the CDC and USDA select agents and toxins represents agents and toxins covered by both agencies. These are termed __________ agents/toxins.
The green area between the CDC and USDA select agents and toxins represents agents and toxins covered by both agencies. These are termed biological agents/toxins.
What is CDC?The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
What is CDC selected agents?Select agents are biological agents and poisons that have been found to have the potential to seriously endanger the public's health and safety, the health of animals and plants, or the quality of products made from those animals or plants.
What is the special agents of CDC?The CDC sent out its Epidemic Intelligence Service, which is made up of public health specialists in its postdoctoral program who are trained to look into threats to public health. Since the organization's founding, the CDC has trained about 3,600 "Disease Detectives."
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Which structure of viruses can mutate over time and lead to the development of new strains?.
The Proteinaceous structure of the virus can mutate over time and lead to the development of new strains.
What is Mutation?The mutation may be defined as the phenomenon of altering the sudden, stable, and inheritable genomic sequences of the organisms.
The outer layer of the virus is made of proteins and is hence known as a capsid. This layer is responsible for the allocation of mutations over time and leads to the development of new strains with respect to protein structures.
The changes in protein structures alter the whole physiology, metabolic, and anatomy of viruses accordingly.
Therefore, it is well described above.
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Explain how dr. collins used critical thinking to develop his concussion-monitoring device.
Dr. Collins used and applied the facts and symptoms of concussions to develop the concussion monitoring machine. He also monitored the effect that a concussion imparted on the cognition of an individual.
Critical thinking is a section of cognition that is regulated by the prefrontal cortex, this region is involved with problem-solving and cognitive exercises. A concussion is a traumatic injury to the head which could involve any part of the brain. Primarily if there is a concussion that has affected the prefrontal cortex, it will automatically affect the cognition and critical thinking abilities of an individual.
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Because of the presence of both activation and inactivation gates, voltage-gated Na channels can A. be activated B. all of these C. be closed and not capable of opening D. be closed but capable of opening E. none of these
Because of the presence of both activation and inactivation gates, voltage-gated Na channels can be all of these.
Sodium voltage-gated channels can be either closed, open, or inactive. Voltage-gated sodium channels are closed when at rest. Both an activation gate and an inactivation gate are present in voltage-gated sodium channels. Although the inactivation gate is open, the activation gate is closed. This conformation is closed but capable of opening. Some of the activation gates open as a result of membrane depolarization brought on by a stimulus. Both the activation and inactivation gates will be opened at this point. As sodium ions enter the cells, nearby activation gates will open. A greater amount of sodium will enter the cells as a result, initiating an action potential.Both gates open when certain depolarization thresholds are reached. Action potential increases to its maximum as sodium rushes into the cell. The inactivation gate will gradually close and the permeability of the membrane to sodium ions will decrease. The channel is now in a state known as "closed but not capable of opening." Up until the membrane potential reaches its resting state, this occurs. The channels once more assume the "closed but capable of opening" conformation when resting values are attained.learn more about Na channels here: https://brainly.com/question/12977601
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Which is the least likely reason that pigs have been chosen as donors for humans in the process of
xenotransplantation?
•
Pigs are free of known diseases.
O Pigs are cost-effective to raise.
O Pigs have the same DNA as humans.
O Pigs are quick breeding.
Answer:Pigs have the same DNA as humans
Explanation:
Using the idea of concentration gradient explain why the purple colour of potassium permaganate gradually spreads throughout the water in the jar
The purple color of potassium permanganate gradually spreads throughout the water in the jar by the process of diffusion.
Diffusion is the process of movement of a substance from the region of higher concentration to the regions of lower concentration. Diffusion occurs in liquids as well as gases. Potassium permanganate is a purple color compound, when it is added in a jar of water it spreads throughout the water by the virtue of diffusion. The concentration of potassium permanganate is higher at one point and the other regions in the jar have its nil or low concentrations initially, this leads to the set up of a concentration gradient. As time passes diffusion occurs and the particles of potassium permanganate keep on migrating to the regions of low concentration until the concentration is uniform throughout the jar. Ultimately, it spread throughout the jar making the water purple.
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In studies, air displacement plethysmography seems to more commonly _______ percent body fat. Multiple choice question. be unable to determine underestimate overestimate
In studies, air displacement plethysmography seems to be a more commonly underestimated body fat percentage.
What are the common techniques used for measuring body composition?The common techniques used for measuring body composition are air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
The variety of research indicates that ADP underestimated body fat percentage as compared to DXA. This is due to the fact of obesity, other health-related issues, etc.
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