Examine the entire genome of a bacteria and notice that nearly 70% of all DNA base pairs have three hydrogen bonds. This is a clear example of GC content bias.
What is GC Content Bias?In Illumina sequencing data, the relationship between fragment count (read coverage) and GC content is known as "GC content bias." For techniques that concentrate on determining the number of fragments within a genome, like copy number estimation, this bias may predominate the signal of interest (DNA-sequence). The bias varies between samples, and there is no agreement on the most effective ways to eliminate it in a particular sample.High-throughput Illumina Genome Analyzer sequencing has gained popularity as a method for assessing the relative amount of DNA in an assay. The DNA of interest is broken up using this technique, and either the ends of the fragments are sequenced. These read pairs, which are short sequences, are mapped to a reference genome.
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what are the types of buds? hello btw
Answer:
hi! There is lots of types of buds for example it could be a friend.
Explanation:
Hope it helps!:)
To remove noncoding sequences in the pre-mRNA of eukaryotes, multiple snRNPs combine with proteins to form a larger complex called the ___________ .
According to the research, the spliceosome is a larger complex to remove noncoding sequences in the pre-mRNA of eukaryotes.
What is the spliceosome?It is a large complex made up of ribonucleoproteins that remove unnecessary sequences from RNA after transcription.
This is formed during the splicing processes of messenger ribonucleic acid to remove introns that are not going to be translated into proteins.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the spliceosome is a larger complex to remove noncoding sequences in the pre-mRNA of eukaryotes.
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What causes a sublunar tide?
A. None of these
B. The moon is on the opposite side of the Earth as the sun, and their opposing gravities mostly cancel out, resulting in a low tide.
C. The moon's gravity accelerates the Earth towards the moon, pulling the solid mass away from the water on the other side.
D. It is caused directly by the moon’s gravity pulling the water on the side of Earth closest to the moon.
The oppositional gravitational force of the moon pulls the water on the side furthest from itself. Thus, option "D" is correct.
How the moon and, to some degree, the sun cause tides on the earth?The moon and sun exert a gravitational pull on the earth.
The moon pulls strongest on the ocean water on the same side, lesser on the solid earth, and the least on ocean water on the opposite side of the earth.
The pull creates tidal bulges that are the earth’s high tides. Low tides occur at the halfway point between the bulges.
Thus, option "D" is correct.
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A person pushes a car with a force of 50 pounds. the car moves 5 feet into his garage. how much work was done?
5 foot-pounds
10 foot-pounds
50 foot-pounds
250 foot-pounds
Work done by the person to push the car for 5 feet with 50 pound of force is 250 foot-pounds.
What is the mathematical expression of work done?Work done is defined as the product of force and distance.Mathematically, Work done = force × distance covered by the carWhat is the work done by the person to move the car through 5 feet?Force applied by the person = 50 pound, distance covered by the car = 5 feet
Work done= force applied by the person × distance coverd by the car
= 50 × 5 foot-pounds
= 250 foot-pounds
Thus, we can conclude that the work done by the person to push the car by 5 feet is 250 foot-pounds.
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The cell in this part of a plant transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. what is the most likely structure of specialized cells whose function it is to transport water and nutrients throughout a plant
The xylem is a plant structure (tissue) used to transport water and minerals.
What is the xylem?The xylem is a plant tissue that transports water and dissolved micronutrients in higher plants.
Moreover, the phloem is another vascular plant tissue specialized to transport foods produced by the leaves during photosynthesis.
In conclusion, the xylem transports water and minerals.
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The most likely structure of specialized cells whose function is to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant is the xylem.
What is xylem?Water is transported by the plant from the roots to the leaves through the xylem, a conductive tissue. Water enters the plant body through the root cells until it reaches the xylem, which transports the substance throughout the plant's body.
With this information, we can conclude that the xylem and phloem are conductive tissues, constituents of the plant's vascular system, responsible for the transport and distribution of substances throughout the plant
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The major chemical digestive activity occurring in the stomach is A. digestion of vitamins B. digestion of protein C. absorption of monosaccharides D. digestion of starch E. digestion of fat
The major chemical digestive activity occurring in the stomach is digestion of protein.
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small organic particles is known as digestion. It is crucial to breakdown large molecules into smaller pieces that can pass through the digestive epithelium and be absorbed.Protein digestion happens largely in the stomach. By converting intact proteins into peptides, which are short chains of amino acids made up of four to nine amino acids, the enzyme pepsin plays a crucial part in the digestion of proteins. Other enzymes, such as trypsin, elastase, and chymotrypsin, operate on the peptides in the duodenum, breaking them down into smaller peptides. The pancreas produces trypsin, carboxypeptidase, and chymotrypsin, which are then secreted into the duodenum where they act on the chyme. Absorption through the small intestines allow the amino acids to enter the blood circulation.learn more about digestion of protein here: https://brainly.com/question/8937671
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What is your definition of the word biochemistry?
Answer:
the branch of science concerned with the chemical and physicochemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms.
Explanation:
As Earth's climate changes, which feature on Earth is expected to increase?
OA. Land area
O B. Greenhouse gases
C. Freshwater reserves
O D. Sea ice help me please
The feature expected to increase will be greenhouse gases.
What are greenhouse gases?They are gases that form a layer of air blanket in the atmosphere and absorb reflected solar radiation from escaping back to space.
Thus, greenhouse gases cause the earth to warm up. When earth warming increases, the climate becomes more erratic.
In other words, greenhouse gases are indirectly responsible for climate change.
Therefore, as the earth's climate changes, greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are expected to increase in concentration.
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The feature expected to increase as Earth's climate changes is: (B). Greenhouse gases
Meaning of greenhouse gasesGreenhouse gases can be defined as gases that form a layer of air blanket in the atmosphere and absorb reflected solar radiation from escaping back to space.
Greenhouse gases makes the earth to warm up and they tend to increase as the climate changes.
In conclusion, as the earth's climate changes, the greenhouse gases will also increase.
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ANSWER QUICK
______________are expansive, dry grasslands and experience relatively low annual precipitation and prolonged annual dry seasons.
Group of answer choices
Tundra
Tropical Rain Forests
Savannas
Taiga
Answer:
the correct answer should be the Savannas
What is the replicated DNA sequence for GGC GAG AAT GAA ACT ATT TGT AGC
Answer:
ccgctcttactttgataaacatcg
The replicated DNA sequence for GGC GAG AAT GAA ACT ATT TGT AGC is the sequence CCG CTC TTA CTT TGA ATA AAC ATC.
The replicated DNA sequence for GGC GAG AAT GAA ACT ATT TGT AGC would be CCG CTC TTA CTT TGA ATA AAC ATC. During DNA replication, the double-stranded DNA unwinds and separates into two strands. Each original strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a complementary strand.
The nucleotide pairing rules dictate that guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C), and adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T). Thus, GGC is paired with CCG, GAG with CTC, AAT with TTA, GAA with CTT, ACT with TGA, ATT with TAA, TGT with ACA, and AGC with TCG. This process ensures that the two resulting DNA molecules are identical to the original DNA molecule.
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The complete question is:
What is the replicated DNA sequence for GGC GAG AAT GAA ACT ATT TGT AGC.
A phylogenetic tree __________ whereas a cladogram does not. Group of answer choices includes the dimension of time indicates ancestral-descendant relationships uses analogous character traits all of these
A phylogenetic tree uses only 1 and 2 whereas a cladogram does not. The group of answer choices includes the dimension of time indicates ancestral-descendant relationships use analogous character traits all of these.
A phylogenetic tree is a bifurcation diagram used to explain scientists' hypotheses about how branching between evolutionary lines occurred.
The most recent common ancestor of two taxa is the node that represents the fork between those taxa. In this case, the letter b represents the turning point between the gorilla and the human.
A phylogenetic tree is a bifurcation diagram showing putative relationships between different species based on similarities and differences in physical and/or genetic characteristics.
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Spindle fibers extend from the poles and overlap at the ____________ where some attach to chromosomes to help separate them during cell division.
Spindle fibers extend from the poles and overlap at the spindle equator where some attach to chromosomes to help separate them during cell division.
What is spindle fiber?A single filament that travels from the poles to the center is a spindle fiber. Aster is a single filament as well, but the aster differs in its placement.
What is spindle equator?Chromosome alignment at the spindle equator improves the efficiency of bi-orientation. Chromosome congression, a procedure that moves chromosomes from close to spindle poles to the equator, is necessary for this alignment to take place.
What is spindle in cell?A protein structure called a spindle fiber divides a cell's genetic material.
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What are the main functions of polysaccharides in plants?
• A. Provide water and oxygen
O B. Remove carbon and minerals
O C. Provide support and energy
• D. Capture water and sunlight
Answer:
The main functions of polysaccharides in plants are :-
C. Provide support and energy
Hope it helps!
Answer:
The answer is C.
C. Provide support and energy
Explanation:
The term ____________________ describes the chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of a neuron to the target receptor.
The term Neurotransmitter describes the chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of a neuron to the target receptor.
What are Neurotransmitters?Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that allow neurons to communicate with each other throughout the body.Chemical synaptic transmission is primarily through the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic neural cells to postsynaptic receptors.There are a number of neurotransmitters used by the body for different functions, including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, glutamate, GABA, glycine, dopamine, and serotonin.Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter used in the brain.GABA and Glycine serve as the major inhibitory neurotransmitters.To learn more about Neurotransmitters,
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The pleural cavity Multiple Choice is a real space that separates the visceral and parietal pleura so that they do not touch. is a real space outside of the pleural membranes, creating a slight distance between the lungs and the ribs. is a potential space that becomes a real space only during forced exhalation, allowing the lungs to decrease significantly in size. is a potential space that contains a lubricating fluid that allows the visceral and parietal pleura to slide by each other easily.
Pleural cavity is a potential space that contains a lubricating fluid that allows the visceral and parietal pleura to slide by each other easily.
The pleural cavity is a fluid-filled tissue layer that surrounds the lungs. Another membrane lines the pleural cavity called the pleura. Each lung has one pleural cavity. Pleural cavities provide perform the protective function for the lungs. The pleura is also of two types; visceral pleura and parietal pleura.The pleural cavity is sandwiched between the double-layered pleura membrane. The cavity dissociates the lungs from the surrounding structures like the rib cage, diaphragm, mediastinum, and intercostal spaces. The pleural layers secret a fluid called pleural fluid, which acts as a lubricant and allows the two layers of pleura to slide over each other smoothly.learn more about pleural cavity here: https://brainly.com/question/14497404
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The movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the use of a carrier molecule embedded in the membrane is called _________.
If oxygen is not available, the muscle fiber will produce ATP by __________. If oxygen is not available, the muscle fiber will produce ATP by __________. anaerobic catabolism synthesis of creatine phosphate oxidative catabolism using fatty acids for energy
Answer:
anaerobic catabolism
Explanation:
Sequence the following events involved in skeletal muscle cell contraction.
1. sodium channels open and sodium flows in. 2. impulse reaches axon's synaptic knob. 3. Ach binds to receptors on the muscle cell membrane. 4. Synaptic vesicles fuse with neuron's membrane and release ACh via exocytosis. 5. If enough sodium moves in to the muscle cell, an impulse (action potential) develops.
A. 2,4,3,1,5.
B. 1,2,3,4,5.
C. 3,5,2,1,4.
D. 3,4,5,1,2.
E. 2,1,3,4,5.
Muscle contraction occurs when a motor neuron sends a signal (Ach) to the muscle cell, depolarizing it, and triggering contraction. The correct option is A. 2,4,3,1,5.
How does muscle contraction occur?Just before muscle contraction occurs, there is a sequence of events that involve motor neurons, neurotransmitters, and ion flow.
1) The central nervous system generates an action potential that travels to the muscle fiber activating the calcium channels.
2) Calcium triggers vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane releasing acetylcholine (Ach) into the synaptic space.
3) Once released, Ach moves forward to the postsynaptic membrane of the skeletal muscle fiber where it binds to its receptors causing ion channels to open.
4) Positively charged sodium ions cross the membrane to get into the muscle fiber (sarcoplasm) and potassium leaves the cell.
5) The difference in charges caused by these ion transport charges positively the muscle fiber membrane. It depolarizes.
6) The action potential enters the t-tubules depolarizing the inner portion of the muscle fiber. Contraction initiates.
The correct sequence is as follows,
2. impulse reaches axon's synaptic knob.
4. Synaptic vesicles fuse with neuron's membrane and release ACh via exocytosis.
3. Ach binds to receptors on the muscle cell membrane.
1. sodium channels open and sodium flows in.
5. If enough sodium moves in to the muscle cell, an impulse (action potential) develops.
The correct option is A. 2,4,3,1,5.
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What are generated during the Krebs cycle ?
Electrons
Glucose molecules
Pyruvate molecules
Electron Carriers
Electron Carriers such as NADH and FADH are generated during the Krebs cycle (Option D).
What is the Krebs cycle?The Krebs cycle is the second step of cellular respiration, which allows aerobic cell to generate energy in the form of ATP.
The Krebs cycle generates the reduced forms of the carriers NADH and FADH, which are used in oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP.
In conclusion, Electron Carriers are generated in the Krebs cycle (Option D).
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Which electrolyte are we referring to if they have a role in maintaining fluid balance, are part of the bone mineral complex, contribute to energy production, and are part of the cell membrane
Phosphorus
What are the functions of phosphorus in human body?
The most prevalent mineral in the body after calcium is phosphorus. Together, these two vital nutrients help to develop healthy bones and teeth. Bones and teeth contain the majority of the body's phosphorus—about 85%. In lower concentrations, phosphorous is also found in the body's cells and tissues. Phosphorus plays a crucial part in how the body stores and uses energy and aids in the kidneys' ability to filter out waste. It also lessens post-workout muscle aches. All tissues and cells require phosphorus for their growth, upkeep, and repair, as well as for the synthesis of DNA and RNA, the genetic building blocks. In order to use and balance other vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin D, iodine, magnesium, and calcium, phosphorus is also required.
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please help me answer at least one?
Answer:
1. Explain why predators need to eat more than primary consumers.
Explanation:
Predators need to eat more than primary consumers because in the trophic pyramid, primary consumers are at the bottom which means they receive the most energy because they eat the plants. As the pyramid goes on upwards, energy is lost each time, so that means by the time it reaches the top of the pyramid their is only about 0.1% of the energy we started with when the primary consumers ate the producers. Meaning, the predators need to eat more than the primary consumers because although the predators eat more than the primary consumers, they still at the end of the day get the same amount of energy just one eats more than another.
The same rabbit population is seen from year to year because the food supply is greater in the spring, so it can support a larger number of animals and because it is breeding season.
Select one:
True
False
The same rabbit population being constant because the food supply is greater in the spring and supporting a larger number of animals is a false statement.
What is Population?This is defined as the total number of organisms in a particular place at a given period of time.
Factors such as topography, human influence are other factors except food supply which influences rabbit population which is why False is the correct choice.
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It is a false statement because the population of rabbit increases if food is available in large quantity.
How population of organisms increased?When food is supplied in large quantity then the carrying capacity of the environment is higher so it can accommodate more organism in it which results in the increase of population of that organism.
So we can conclude that it is a false statement because the population of rabbit increases if food is available in large quantity.
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Reflex agents are characterized by direct links between perceptual systems and effector systems. These links are achieved by:
The direct links between perceptual systems and effector systems, are achieved by production rules.
What are the effector and receptor system?
The sensory organs contain receptors, which are specialized nerve endings that are in charge of receiving the stimuli in order to transmit information and elicit a response. Effectors are nerve cells that carry out the required actions in response to stimuli received. When a motor nerve impulse sent by the spinal cord (or brain) reaches the effector organs (which are muscles), then the muscles cause action or movement (such as lifting the hand away from a hot plate).
Receptors transmit the information as electrical impulses along neurons to coordinators like the central nervous system, or CNS. The brain and spinal cord make up the CNS. Effector responses that are coordinated by the CNS include hormone secretion from glands or muscles contracting.
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Disturbances inside Earth’s core cause earthquakes. The starting point of the disturbance is called the epicenter. Why does the amplitude of a seismic wave usually decrease as the wave moves away from the epicenter?
A.
The waves lose energy in the form of heat.
B.
The frequency of the waves continues to increase.
C.
The wavelength of the waves continues to decrease.
D.
The waves encounter entirely different mediums.
D. The waves encounter entirely different mediums.
Why does the amplitude of a seismic wave decrease as the wave moves away from the epicenter?At farther distances, the amplitude of the seismic waves decreases as the energy released by the earthquake spreads throughout a larger volume and different mediums of Earth.
So we can conclude that option D is the right answer.
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The amplitude of a seismic wave generally decreases as the wave moves away from the epicenter because the waves encounter entirely different media.
Option D. The waves encounter entirely different mediums.What are seismic waves and epicenter?Seismic waves are waves of a mechanical nature, they propagate on Earth as a result of an earthquake or explosion. They are vibrations that are transmitted due to a release of energy from a specific point that is called a seismic focus. and the resistance found in the medium in which it propagates decreases the energy, dicipating it.
With this information, we can conclude that Seismic waves are movements of rock particles that are transmitted along concentric surfaces due to the sudden release of energy at the seismic focus.
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What is the best definition of physical science?
O a general survey of all science
O the study of matter and energy, and the relationship between matter and energy
O the study of rocks, minerals, and resources
O the study of the environment and interaction between living things
Why was the transition from “purple bacteria” to “green bacteria” important for the evolution of complex organisms? Use evidence from the video and the chart in your answer.
Answer:
Explanation:
They eventually led to the evolution of more complex life forms, including plants and animals. Green bacteria were important because they allowed some organisms to make energy from the sun. The green bacteria also released oxygen in the atmosphere, allowing for more diverse forms of life on Earth.
Drag the tiles to the correct boxes to complete the pairs.
Match each type of migration or dispersal to the image of the species that follows it.
[passive dispersal] [one direction only] [daily movement] [one return journey]
Dispersion is the change in the distribution area of populations. Snail: Daily Movements. Seeds: Passive dispersal. Fishes: One return journey. Butterfly: One way only.
What is dispersion?Dispersion is the change of range or distribution area. It refers to the movement of individuals or populations from one place to another one.
Dispersion is the dissemination and distance of some individuals from others. Each individual is considered the dispersion unit, being able to have different mobile stages.
Dispersion ends by causing changes in the distribution area.
Dispersion events might be
Ecological processes → to avoid intraspecific competition for resources. It might involve daily or seasonal migration. Intra-area movements. Biogeographical processes → Involve the individual movement in a wider area. Extra-area movements.There are different types of dispersion,
Jump dispersion → one or a few individuals of the same generation are capable of evading a barrier and getting to a new area where they establish themselves. This is the case of dispersion to an island.Diffusion → A whole population, through many generations, can reach wider areas by exploring and expanding to new favorable regions.
Secular migration → Diffusion events in too many generations. Involves evolution and speciation.
In the exposed example, we can identify the followings,
Snail ⇒ Daily Movements ⇒ dispersion to avoid competitionSeeds ⇒ Passive dispersal ⇒ dispersion by wind to stablish in a new area and avoid competitionFishes ⇒ One return journey ⇒ seasonal migration to look for better conditions. Butterfly ⇒ One way only ⇒ diffussion involving many generationsYou can learn more about dispersion and migration at
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The two primary schools of classification discussed in the text are Group of answer choices generalized and specialized. organic and inorganic phylogenetic systematics and cladistics. ancestral and derived (modified).
The two primary schools of classification discussed in the text are C)phylogenetic systematics and cladistics.
Phylogenetic type represents the ancient evolutionary dating of organisms, whereas cladistics class offers the current ancestor and descendants courting of organisms.
There are three major ways in which classifications are constructed:
phenetic or numerical taxonomy;synthetic or traditional taxonomy;cladistic or phylogenetic taxonomy.Evolutionary Systematics makes use of a taxonomic precept that is additionally based totally on the splitting of phyletic lineages, and constructs a circle of relatives trees, however in comparison to the pure cladistic method, a weighting gadget is used that favors a few derived characters over others.
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Too much logging in the oyamel fir forests could lead to the eastern monarch butterfly going extinct because _______. a. the entire population of the species spends winter in oyamel c. the winters are too cold in oyamel b. the butterflies breed in the oyamel fir trees d. the butterflies feed on the oyamel fir trees please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Too much logging in the oyamel fir forests could lead to the eastern monarch butterfly going extinct because the entire population of the species spends winter in oyamel fir forests.
Why it is the correct option:
a. The oyamel fir forests serve as the winter home for the eastern monarch butterflies. The entire population of monarch butterflies moves to oyamel fir forests in Mexico during winters to protect themselves from the freezing cold temperatures of their natural, breeding habitat. So, too much logging of the oyamel fir trees will destroy the winter habitat of these butterflies, and hence will lead to the decline in their population.
Why the other options are incorrect:
b. the butterflies breed in the oyamel fir trees is an incorrect option because the monarch butterflies breed in their natural habitats in the US.
c. the winters are too cold in oyamel is an incorrect option because these butterflies move to oyamel forests to protect themselves from cold.
d. the butterflies feed on the oyamel fir trees is an incorrect option because the monarch butterflies feed on milkweed.
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In order for you to enjoy the smell of a flower, molecules called _______ from the flower must land on your olfactory epithelium, which lines the inside of the nose.
In order for you to enjoy the smell of a flower, molecules called Odorants from the flower must land on your olfactory epithelium, which lines the inside of the nose.
When a person breathes in air containing odor molecules, the molecules attach to receptors in the nose and send signals to the brain. Odorants interact with primary epithelium olfactory receptors. Olfactory receptors, a type of epithelial cell with cilia, are found in the olfactory epithelium. These receptors receive the sense of smell, which is then sent to the brain.The sensory neuron connected to the receptor is activated when an odorant connects with a receptor that detects it. Only olfactory stimulus directly communicates with the cerebral cortex; all other sensory information is sent through the thalamus.Additionally, it has been suggested that the nasal mucus plays a role in the process of emulsifying hydrophobic odorant molecules, delivering them to receptor sites.learn more about Odorants here: https://brainly.com/question/14477810
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