Energy pyramid worksheet

A buffer is primarily used to limit the pH change in a solution. Option A is correct.

A buffer is the solution which contains the weak acid and its conjugate base or weak base and its conjugate acid. It is designed to resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it.

When an acid or base is added to a buffer solution, the buffer components react with the added ions to minimize the impact on the solution's pH. If an acid is added, the buffer will react with the acid by accepting the H⁺ ions. If a base is added, the buffer will react with the base by donating H⁺ ions. In both cases, the buffer helps maintain the pH at a relatively stable level.

To prevent an acid from dissociating, is not accurate. A buffer does not prevent an acid from dissociating. In fact, the acid in a buffer solution is necessary to provide the conjugate base and maintain the buffer's pH buffering capacity.

To neutralize the pH of a solution, is also not accurate. A buffer does not neutralize the pH of a solution to a particular value. Instead, it resists significant changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

To prevent a salt from dissolving, is unrelated to the purpose of a buffer. A buffer is not used to prevent the dissolution of salts.

Hence, A. is the correct option.

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The balanced equation is: NaHCO₃ + HCl → NaCl + H2₃.

We can see that for every mole of NaHCO₃, one mole of HCl is required to convert it to H2CO₃. Therefore, the maximum amount of strong acid that can be added to the buffer is 0.35 mol HCl.

A buffer is a solution that resists pH change upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base. It is a solution of a weak acid and its corresponding conjugate base or a weak base and its corresponding conjugate acid. A buffer system consists of a weak acid or a weak base, and its conjugate base or conjugate acid.

When an acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the equilibrium is shifted either to the left or right, thereby minimizing the change in pH. Therefore, to determine the maximum amount of strong acid that can be added to a buffer made by the mixing of 0.35 mol sodium hydrogen carbonate with 0.50 mol sodium carbonate, we first need to identify the components of the buffer.

Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO₃) is a weak acid and sodium carbonate (Na2CO₃) is its conjugate base. The maximum amount of strong acid that can be added to the buffer is the amount that will convert all of the buffer components to their conjugate acid.

In this case, we need to convert all of the NaHCO₃ to H2CO₃.

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The rate of formation of SO₃ is 4.84 × 10⁻³ m/s. The correct option is d. 4.84 × 10⁻³ M/s.

To determine the rate of formation of SO₃, we need to consider the stoichiometry of the balanced equation. The coefficient of SO₃ is 2, which means that for every 1 mole of O₂ reacted, 2 moles of SO₃ are formed.

Given that the rate of O₂ loss is 2.42 × 10⁻³ m/s, we can use the stoichiometry to find the rate of formation of SO₃.

Rate of formation of SO₃ = (2 moles SO₃ / 1 mole O₂) × (2.42 × 10⁻³ m/s)

Rate of formation of SO₃ = 4.84 × 10⁻³ m/s

Therefore, the rate of formation of SO₃ is 4.84 × 10⁻³ m/s. The correct option is d. 4.84 × 10⁻³ M/s.

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Answer:

m = 204.16 grams

Explanation:

Given that,

No. of moles, n = 3.49

Molar mass of NaCl, M = 58.5 g/mol

We need to find the mass of 3.49 moles NaCl​. We know that,

[tex]n=\dfrac{m}{M}\\\\m=n\times M\\\\m=3.49 \times 58.5\\\\m=204.16\ g[/tex]

So, there are 204.16 grams in 3.49 moles NaCl​.

Answer

Plants can respond to the change of season by losing their leaves, flowering, or breaking dormancy. Plants go through seasonal changes after detecting differences in day length.

Explanation:

Option a, 1000 L of liquid water, is likely to have the highest heat capacity among the given options.

The heat capacity of a substance refers to the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of that substance by a certain amount. In general, substances with higher molar masses and larger numbers of atoms or molecules tend to have higher heat capacities.

Given the options provided:

a. 1000 L of liquid water has a higher heat capacity compared to the other options because water has a relatively high molar mass and specific heat capacity.

b. 10 g of sand generally has a lower heat capacity compared to water since sand has a lower molar mass and specific heat capacity.

c. 1 g of iron has a moderate heat capacity. While iron has a higher molar mass compared to sand, it typically has a lower specific heat capacity than water.

d. 5 g of glass generally has a lower heat capacity compared to water, as glass has a lower molar mass and specific heat capacity.

Therefore, option a, 1000 L of liquid water, is likely to have the highest heat capacity among the given options.

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Answer:

They study different way people have died or could die to better aid investigators.

Explanation:

Answer:

q = mC∆T

q = heat = ?

m = mass = 6.30 g

C = specific heat = 0.385 J/g/deg

∆T = change in temperature = 32-20 = 12º

q = ((6.30 g)(0.385 J/g/deg)(12 deg) = 29.1 J (to 3 significant figures)

Explanation:

Answer:

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BRAINLIEST PLEASE

The noble gas expected to show the largest deviations from the ideal gas behavior is Xenon (Xe).The molar volume of a gas at STP is 22.4 L. This is because 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 L of volume at 0°C and 1 atm pressure

The ideal gas behavior is only possible at low pressures and high temperatures. A gas can be assumed to be ideal if its atoms or molecules are far apart and there is no interaction between them. Since noble gases are monatomic gases and their atoms are quite far apart, they are expected to behave like ideal gases.However, xenon is the largest of all noble gases, and its atoms have large sizes and masses. As a result, they experience stronger attractive forces between atoms than the other noble gases, leading to deviations from ideal gas behavior.The molar volume of a gas at STP is 22.4 L. This is because 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 L of volume at 0°C and 1 atm pressure. Hence, the correct answer is option D) 22.4.

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Answer:

c

Explanation:

In a 0.25 M aqueous solution of boric acid, the species with the highest concentration would be H_{3}BO_ 3}^{-} option B.

Boric acid (H_{3}BO_{3}) is a weak acid that can undergo multiple ionization steps. The given equilibrium constants (Ka) provide information about the ionization reactions. The first ionization reaction of boric acid is as follows:

[tex]H_{3}BO_{3}[/tex] ⇌ H^{+}+ H_{3}BO_ 3}^{-}

Ka1 = 7.3 x 10^-10

The second ionization reaction is:

[tex]H_{3}BO_ 3}^{-}[/tex] ⇌H^{+} + H_{3}BO_ 3}^{-2}

Ka2 = 1.8 x 10^-13

The third ionization reaction is:

H_{3}BO_ 3}^{-2} ⇌ H+ + [tex]BO_{3} ^{-3}[/tex]

Ka3 = 1.6 x [tex]10^{-14}[/tex]

To determine the species with the highest , we need to compare the equilibrium constants. The larger the Ka value, the more the reaction favors the dissociation of the species.

Based on the given Ka values, the second ionization reaction (H2BO3- ⇌ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] + H_{3}BO_ 3}^{-2}) has the highest Ka value (1.8 x 10^-13). This indicates that the concentration of H_{3}BO_ 3}^{-} in the solution would be higher compared to the other species. Therefore, option B, H_{3}BO_ 3}^{-}, would have the highest concentration in a 0.25 M aqueous solution of boric acid.

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Answer:

For A: The molarity is the solution 9.706 M

For B: The molarity of the solution is 10.91 M.

For C: The molarity of the solution is 1.78 M.

Explanation:

Molarity is defined as the amount of solute expressed in the number of moles present per liter of solution. The units of molarity are mol/L.

The formula used to calculate molarity:

[tex]\text{Molarity of solution}=\frac{\text{Number of moles of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution (L)}}[/tex]                 ......(1)

For A:

Number of moles = 3.30 moles

Volume of solution = 0.340 L

Plugging values in equation 1:

[tex]\text{Molarity of solution}=\frac{3.30 mol}{0.340 L}=9.706 mol/L[/tex]

For B:

Number of moles = 6.00 moles

Volume of solution = 550 mL = 0.550 L        (Conversion factor: 1 L = 1000 mL)

Plugging values in equation 1:

[tex]\text{Molarity of solution}=\frac{6.00 mol}{0.550 L}=10.91 mol/L[/tex]

For C:

Number of moles = 0.0160 moles

Volume of solution = 9.00 mL = 0.009 L

Plugging values in equation 1:

[tex]\text{Molarity of solution}=\frac{0.0160 mol}{0.009 L}=1.78 mol/L[/tex]

a. Metals such as zinc (Zn) or aluminum (Al) could be reasonable guesses as they have higher standard reduction potentials than copper. b. Reduction half-reaction is Cu₂+(aq) + 2e⁻ → Cu(s), Oxidation half-reaction is Unknown metal (M)(s) → M₂+(aq) + 2e⁻.

a. To make a reasonable guess for the unknown metal in the electrochemical cell, we can consider the standard reduction potentials (E°) of different metals. The standard reduction potential is a measure of the tendency of a metal to undergo reduction (gain electrons) compared to a standard hydrogen electrode (SHE).

Since the free energy change under standard conditions is negative (-293.4 kJ/mol), it indicates a spontaneous redox reaction, where the copper solution undergoes reduction and the unknown metal solution undergoes oxidation.

A reasonable guess for the unknown metal would be a metal with a higher standard reduction potential than copper (Cu). This is because for the overall reaction to be spontaneous, the unknown metal should have a greater tendency to undergo oxidation (lose electrons) compared to copper. Based on this, metals such as zinc (Zn) or aluminum (Al) could be reasonable guesses as they have higher standard reduction potentials than copper.

b. The reduction and oxidation half-reactions can be written as follows

Reduction half-reaction

Cu₂+(aq) + 2e- → Cu(s)

Oxidation half-reaction

Unknown metal (M)(s) → M₂+(aq) + 2e⁻

In the reduction half-reaction, copper ions (Cu₂⁺) in solution are reduced and gain two electrons to form solid copper (Cu).

In the oxidation half-reaction, the unknown metal (M) in solid form is oxidized, losing two electrons to form metal ions (M₂⁺) in solution.

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Answer:

85.5%

Explanation:

To get the experimental value, you need to convert 15.0 grams of Na2SO4 to grams of Na3PO4. You do this with stoichiometry.

Convert grams of Na2SO4 to moles with molar mass. Then convert to moles of Na3PO4 with the mole-to-mole ratio according to the balanced chemical equation. Then convert moles of Na3PO4 to grams with the molar mass.

15.0 g Na2SO4 x (1 mol/142.04 g) x (2 Na3PO4/3Na2SO4) x (163.94 g/1 mol) = 11.7 g Na3PO4

Percent Yield = (actual value/experimental value) x 100

Actual Value = 10.0 g

Experimental Value = 11.7 g

10.0g/11.7 g = 85.5%

Answer:

I'll do the first one for you. The reason why I'm not going to do the rest is because this is pretty simple stuff. I'll explain how I got the answer, please read it ^^ the rest of the problems should be a breeze.

1. 5.454285714285714 liters, or approx. 5.45 liters

Explanation:

P1V2 = P2V2

P1 refers to the original pressure. V1 refers to the original volume, or the amount of space the gas takes up.

P2 and V2 refer to the final pressure or volume, accordingly.

You insert the values into the equation, like so:

(8.3)(46) = (70)(x)

Now, multiply.

381.8 = 70x

Use inverse operations to find the value of x. Divide 381.8 by 70 to isolate x.

381.8/70 = x

5.454285714285714 = x

The volume of the gas when the pressure is increased to 70.0 mm Hg is approximately 5.45 liters. Don't forget about the units at the end, when you write your final answer.

Important! When pressure increases, volume decreases, and vice versa. Volume and pressure for gases are inversely proportional. So even though the pressure increased, that doesn't mean the volume increases, too.

You can check your answers easily!

Just multiply your final answer by its corresponding pressure or volume and compare it to the other. I hope that made sense. Like so:

5.454285714285714 x 70 = 381.8

8.3 x 46 = 381.8

That makes P1V2 DOES equal P2V2, and your answer is correct.

I hope this helped in time for you to submit it before the deadline! Good luck.

Tips!

For #2: I'm pretty sure the mentioning of the temperature (25.0 °C) doesn't matter. You can ignore it, it won't affect your calculations.

For #4: the standard pressure in mm Hg (millimeters of mercury) is 760 mm Hg. That's your P2.

Answer:

7. Ionization energy

8. Lattice energy

9. Free energy

10. Activation energy

Explanation:

I. Ionization energy: The energy required to convert a ground-state atom in the gas phase to a gaseous positive ion. Thus, it is the minimum energy required to remove or detach an electron from a neutral atom in a gaseous state. Generally, atoms with relatively large atomic radii tend to have a low ionization energy.

II. Lattice energy: The energy change that occurs in the conversion of an ionic solid to widely separated gaseous ions. This ultimately implies that, it is the energy generated during the conversion of an ionic solid into gaseous ions and as such is a measure of the cohesive force binding the ions of an ionic compound using the Born-Haber cycle.

III. Free energy: the energy in a chemical or physical change that is available to do useful work. Thus, it is a thermodynamic quantity that measures the maximum capacity of a system to do work at constant temperature and pressure.

IV. Activation energy: The energy required to form the transition state in a chemical reaction. When the activation energy of a reaction is low, the rate of the reaction would be faster. Therefore, an enzyme speeds or catalyzes the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy.

In the following reduction-oxidation reaction; ZnO(s) + C(s) → Zn(s) + CO(g), the species which functions as the oxidizing agent is option (B) C(s).

In the reaction ZnO(s) + C(s) → Zn(s) + CO(g), C(s) gains oxygen and goes from being a carbon atom to a carbon dioxide molecule which contains two oxygen atoms. Therefore, C(s) has been oxidized. Carbon is being oxidized in the above reaction because it has gained oxygen.

The term oxidation refers to the loss of electrons by an atom or molecule. Oxidation is a type of chemical reaction in which a substance loses electrons to another substance. The oxidation process usually occurs with a substance's interaction with oxygen.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B) C(s).

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The product of the reaction between [tex]CH_{3}[/tex]-CH=[tex]CH_{2}[/tex] and HBr is 2-bromo-3-methylbutane.

The reaction proceeds through the addition of a proton from HBr to the double bond, followed by the addition of a bromide ion.

The addition of the proton is stereospecific, and the bromide ion will add to the carbon atom that is least substituted by hydrogen. In this case, the carbon atom that is least substituted by hydrogen is the carbon atom that is attached to two hydrogen atoms.

Therefore, the bromide ion will add to the carbon atom that is attached to the double bond and the methyl group. The product of the reaction is 2-bromo-3-methylbutane.

here is the predominant product of the reaction of [tex]CH_{3}CHCH=CH-CH_{3}[/tex] with HBr:

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The complete question is:

Draw the predominant product(s) of the following reactions including stereochemistry when appropriate. CH CH CH -CEC-H HBr Consider EIZ stercochemistry of alkenes. Do not show stereochemistry in other cases If no reaction occurs_ raw the organic starting material. Draw one stnicture per sketcher Add additional sketchers using the drop down menu in the bottom right corner Separate multiple products using the sign from the drop-down menu: ChemDoodle Submit Answver Retry Entire Group more cirovp attempts remaining

A phase diagram is a graphical representation or map that shows the different phases (solid, liquid, and gas) of a substance as a function of pressure and temperature. It provides valuable information about the conditions under which a substance exists in each phase or undergoes phase transitions.

In a phase diagram, pressure is typically represented on the y-axis, and temperature is represented on the x-axis. The diagram is divided into regions corresponding to different phases, and boundaries or lines separating these regions represent phase transitions.

The phase diagram allows us to determine the conditions at which a substance can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas, and it provides insights into the effects of temperature and pressure on the phase behavior of the substance.

It helps in understanding processes such as melting, boiling, and sublimation and provides a useful tool in various fields including chemistry, physics, and materials science.

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Answer:

a, they are the building blocks of proteins.

Explanation:

hope this helps!

~mina

Answer:

A. They are the building blocks of proteins.

(Photo for proof at the bottom.)

Explanation:

Glycine, leucine, and lysine are all amino acids. There are 20 different kinds of amino acids, including the 3 mentioned here. Different amino acids bond together to form different structures, depending on how many there are. Generally, 50 or more amino acids bonded together makes a protein. But there are some exceptions. Amino acids (including glycine, leucine, and lysine) are the building blocks of proteins.

Here's a photo of Edge incase you're doubtful.

Please click the heart if this helped.

Answer:

Molecular mass is a number equal to the sum of the atomic masses of the atoms in a molecule.

Explanation:

The molecular mass gives the mass of a molecule relative to that of the 12 C atom, which is taken to have a mass of 12. Hence why Molecular mass is a number equal to the sum of the atomic masses of the atoms in a molecule.

Answer:

Corrosion is the process of deterioration of materials as a result of chemical, electrochemical or other reactions. Rusting is a part of corrosion and is a chemical process which results in the formation of red or orange coating on the surface of metals. ... Rust or rusting can affect only iron and its alloys.

Explanation:

Based on the observations described, it is likely that the white solid is a true hydrate.

Water droplets on the side of the test tube: When heating a hydrate, the water molecules trapped within the crystal lattice are released as vapor. The presence of water droplets on the side of the test tube indicates that water was indeed released during the heating process.

Brownish residue: The brownish residue obtained after heating the solid suggests that the white solid might contain a transition metal ion. Transition metal ions can form complex compounds that exhibit different colors, including brown.

Dissolving in water: The brownish residue dissolves in water, indicating that it is soluble in the solvent.

Dark reddish-brown solution: The solution obtained after dissolving the brownish residue is described as dark reddish-brown. This color could be attributed to the formation of a complex compound between the transition metal ion in the residue and the water or other substances present in the solution.

Based on the observations of water droplets upon heating, the brownish residue that dissolves in water, and the resulting dark reddish-brown solution, it is likely that the white solid is a true hydrate.

The presence of water droplets and the dissolution of the residue suggest that water was released from the solid during heating, indicating the presence of water molecules within the crystal lattice.

The color change to brownish and the subsequent dark reddish-brown solution point towards the involvement of a transition metal ion, possibly forming a complex compound.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

It states that D has oxygen, and is closer to the Sun.

Hope this helped, and please mark as Brianliest <3

Answer:

I am pretty sure it is B

Explanation:

The others would either burn u like a crispy chicken nugget or freeze you like a popsicle

Water molecules that surround the metal ions act as weak Brønsted-Lowry acids and donate protons to the solution, increasing its acidity.

Hydrated transition metal ions typically produce solutions that are acidic. Transition metal ions are elements from the transition series that are capable of forming coordination complexes that have characteristic colors, and they exhibit a wide range of oxidation states and show various magnetic properties.In addition, when transition metals react with water, they create hydrated metal ions, which produce acidic solutions. This is because water molecules that surround the metal ions act as weak Brønsted-Lowry acids and donate protons to the solution, increasing its acidity.Therefore, the correct answer is (a) acidic.

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