Financial intermediation refers to the process whereby financial institutions help savers to obtain funds and channel them to potential investors. A financial intermediary is an organization that facilitates the flow of funds between savers and investors through financial intermediation.
Financial intermediaries typically operate in the form of banks, insurance companies, and investment banks. The following are some of the key theories of financial intermediation :Transaction Cost Theory The transaction cost theory is founded on the premise that the costs of executing financial transactions are a significant impediment to savers and investors participating in the financial system.
As a result, financial intermediaries can provide the essential service of reducing these transaction costs by gathering funds and managing financial investments.Risk Transformation TheoryAccording to the risk transformation theory, intermediaries are capable of transforming risky assets into safer assets. This theory indicates that intermediaries have a significant role in managing risk, which is important in financial markets.
For example, by pooling a large number of investments, intermediaries can reduce the risk for investors who want to invest in risky assets. Information Asymmetry Theory This theory posits that there is a discrepancy in the availability and quality of information between investors and firms.
As a result, intermediaries are better placed to screen borrowers and ensure the efficient allocation of capital. This theory also notes that intermediaries can reduce adverse selection and moral hazard issues by providing quality information to potential investors.Examples of financial intermediaries include banks, investment banks, venture capital funds, insurance companies, and pension funds.
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An example of globalization's impact on trade barriers is a.) increased border security b.) U.S. Customs law c.) lower tariffs d.) immigration reform
An example of globalization's impact on trade barriers is Option C: lower tariffs.
Globalization refers to the increased interconnectedness and integration of economies around the world. One of the impacts of globalization on trade barriers is the reduction of tariffs. Tariffs are taxes or duties imposed on imported goods, and they act as a trade barrier by increasing the cost of foreign products and making them less competitive in domestic markets. With globalization, many countries have entered into trade agreements and negotiations to lower tariffs and promote free trade. This has resulted in the reduction of trade barriers and facilitated the flow of goods across borders, allowing for increased international trade and economic integration.
Option C is the correct answer.
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which of these is not a social or economic goal of the US economy
What are the social or economic goals? Is there options?
Edit: The answer is A
Answer:
A
Explanation:
RFID technology enables companies to primarily
a. map out key supply chain processes.
b. develop supply chain performance measures.
c. simulate supply chain models under different scenarios.
d. track data for products as they move through the supply chain.
RFID technology enables companies to primarily track data for products as they move through the supply chain.
So, the answer is D.
What is RFID?RFID (radio frequency identification) technology is a form of wireless communication that uses radio waves to recognize and track objects. RFID is a type of Auto-ID (automatic identification) technology that allows for object identification and tracking without the need for human involvement.
To enable companies to primarily track data for products as they move through the supply chain, RFID technology is used. RFID has a wide range of applications, including tracking goods in a supply chain, managing inventory levels, and securing goods against theft or loss.
In addition to these uses, RFID technology has been used in a variety of other applications, including contactless payment systems, pet tracking, toll collection, and many more.
The other choices do not match up with the main application of RFID technology, so the correct option is option D, i.e., track data for products as they move through the supply chain.
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11. Question # 3 (15 points) Three independent projects are to be evaluated at a MARR of 10% per year. No more than $3.0 million can be invested Life, years Estimated NCE po Year 1 6 10 Gradient after
The Net Present Value is a method for determining if a project's current value is greater than or less than its future worth. This technique assists in identifying the value of cash flows expected over time at a specified discount rate. Three independent ventures are assessed at a MARR of 10% per year in this situation.
No more than $3.0 million should be invested.The calculation of the net cash inflow (NCI) is required before calculating the net present value (NPV). The net cash inflow formula can be found in the following equation:NCI = gradient × (1 − 1/(1 + MARR)n) / MARRHere, the gradient is the difference between the cash inflows and the cash outflows in a given year. 'n' is the number of years of project life. The MARR for this situation is 10%, and no more than $3 million can be invested, as noted above.Let's take each project into consideration.
Project 1 has a life of 6 years, and the estimated NCE po Year 1 is $900,000. So, using the above formula, we can calculate the Net Cash Inflow as follows:NCI Project 1 = 900,000 x (1 − 1/(1 + 0.1)6) / 0.1NCI Project 1 = $3,327,928.63Project 2 has a life of 10 years, and the estimated NCE po Year 1 is $600,000. So, using the above formula, we can calculate the Net Cash Inflow as follows:NCI Project 2 = 600,000 x (1 − 1/(1 + 0.1)10) / 0.1NCI Project 2 = $3,257,338.82Project 3 has a life of years and the estimated NCE po Year 1 is $1,000,000. So, using the above formula,
we can calculate the Net Cash Inflow as follows:when the initial investment is $2,000,000).Project 2 has a net present value of $1,257,338.82 (when the initial investment is $1,000,000).Project 3 has a net present value of $486,784.80 (when the initial investment is $1,500,000).If a project's net present value is zero, it is said to be marginal. This suggests that the venture is worthwhile, but there is no economic gain or loss involved. Any project with a net present value of greater than zero is deemed worthwhile because the project's cash inflows are higher than its outflows. Any project with a net present value of less than zero is regarded as unprofitable.
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Complete the flexible budget variance analysis by filling in the blanks in the partial flexible budget performance report for 9,000 travel locks for Garrett, Inc. (Click the icon to view the report.) (For variances with a $0 value, make sure to enter "O" in the appropriate cells.) Data Table Garrett, Inc. Flexible Budget Performance Report (partial) For the Month Ended April 30, 2018 Actual Flexible Budget Flexible Garrett, Inc. Flexible Budget Performance Report (partial) For the Month Ended April 30, 2018 Results Variance Budget Units 9,000 Actual Flexible Budget Flexible Variance Results $ 9,000 126,000 49,400 Sales Revenue Budget 144,000 52,000 Units Variable Costs Contribution Margin (a) (b) Sales Revenue $ (c) $ 92,000 16,300 76,600 15,300 Fixed Costs (d) Variable Costs Contribution Margin 9,000 144,000 52,000 92,000 16,300 75,700 9,000 126,000 49,400 76,600 15,300 61,300 75,700 $ 61,300 Operating Income Fixed Costs (6 (h) 0) (g) (i) (k) $ Operating Income $ Print Print Done Done
The completed flexible budget variance analysis:
Garrett, Inc.
Flexible Budget Performance Report (partial)
For the Month Ended April 30, 2018
Actual Flexible Budget Flexible Variance
Results Budget Units 9,000 9,000
Sales Revenue $126,000 $144,000 $(18,000)
Variable Costs $49,400 $52,000 $(2,600)
Contribution Margin $76,600 $92,000 $(15,400)
Fixed Costs $61,300 $61,300 $0
Operating Income $15,300 $30,700 $(15,400)
The flexible budget variance analysis shows that Garrett, Inc. had a favorable sales variance of $18,000 and an unfavorable variable cost variance of $2,600. The favorable sales variance was due to the company selling more units than expected. The unfavorable variable cost variance was due to the company paying more per unit than expected. The unfavorable variable cost variance offset the favorable sales variance, resulting in an overall unfavorable operating income variance of $15,400.
A flexible budget is a budget that is adjusted for changes in volume. In this case, the flexible budget was adjusted for the actual sales volume of 9,000 units. The flexible budget shows that the company was expected to generate $144,000 in sales, $52,000 in variable costs, and $92,000 in contribution margin. However, the company actually generated $126,000 in sales, $49,400 in variable costs, and $76,600 in contribution margin.
The difference between the actual results and the flexible budget is the variance. The favorable sales variance of $18,000 was due to the company selling more units than expected. The unfavorable variable cost variance of $2,600 was due to the company paying more per unit than expected. The unfavorable variable cost variance offset the favorable sales variance, resulting in an overall unfavorable operating income variance of $15,400.
The flexible budget variance analysis is a valuable tool for managers to use to understand the factors that are impacting their company's profitability. The analysis can help managers to identify areas where they can improve their performance and make adjustments to their budgets in order to achieve their goals.
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You are given the following information about a consumer’s choices of product X and product Y: the price of X is 2 PLN, the price of Y is o, the consumer has I=100 PLN to spend and the consumer’s utility function is given by U(x,y) = 2*x^(2/3) + y^(2/3).
a. Derive an expression for the consumers demand for X and Y in terms of px, py and I and calculate the consumer’s optimal bundle at the current prices and income.
b. Now the price of a X drops to $1. By how much does the demand for X change?
c. Under the new prices, what level of income would allow the consumer to buy his old optimal bundle?
d. Calculate the change in demand for xylophones due to the income effect and the change in demand for xylophones due to the substitution effect.
The level of income that would allow the consumer to buy his old optimal bundle is 100 PLN. d)
Let, P x = price of X; P y = price of Y; x = units of good X; y= units of good Y;U(x, y) = 2*x^(2/3) + y^(2/3);ΔI = Change in income level;ΔPx = Change in price of good X. At new price Px' = $1 and income level I' = 100 PLN. The total effect of the change in price can be divided into two parts. Substitution effect: The substitution effect is the effect on the quantity demanded of good X due to the change in the relative price of the good X to good Y.ΔxS = (dx/d P x)S*ΔPx; where (dx/dPx)S is the substitution effect. The quantity demanded of good X increases as its price decreases, i.e., (dx/d P x)S > 0.Income effect: The income effect is the effect on the quantity demanded of good X due to the change in the consumer's purchasing power.ΔxI = (dx/dI)I*ΔI/Px; where (dx/dI)I is the income effect. The quantity demanded of good X increases as the income increases, i.e., (dx/dI)I > 0.The total effect is the sum of substitution and income effects i.e., Δx = ΔxS + ΔxI.
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Duo Corporation is evaluating a project with the following cash flows. The company uses a discount rate of 11% and a reinvestment rate of 8% on all of its projects. Year 0 −$53,000 Year 1 16,700 Year 2 21,900 Year 3 27,300 Year 4 20,400 Year 5 −$8,600 1) Calculate the MIRR of the project using the discounting approach method. 2) Calculate the MIRR of the project using the reinvestment approach method. 3) Calculate the MIRR of the project using the combination approach method.
USING EXCEL FUNCTIONS PLEASE!
The MIRR of the project is approximately 3.53% using the discounting approach method, 3.17% using the reinvestment approach method, and 3.54% using the combination approach method.
To calculate the Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) of the project, we can use different approaches: the discounting approach method, the reinvestment approach method, and the combination approach method.
Discounting Approach Method:
In this method, we calculate the present value of the cash inflows and outflows using the discount rate of 11%. Then we find the IRR of the resulting cash flows.
Year 0: PV = -$53,000 / (1 + 0.11)^0 = -$53,000
Year 1: PV = $16,700 / (1 + 0.11)^1 = $14,991.07
Year 2: PV = $21,900 / (1 + 0.11)^2 = $17,952.79
Year 3: PV = $27,300 / (1 + 0.11)^3 = $19,647.11
Year 4: PV = $20,400 / (1 + 0.11)^4 = $13,552.09
Year 5: PV = -$8,600 / (1 + 0.11)^5 = -$5,216.12
Net Present Value (NPV) = Sum of PV of inflows - Sum of PV of outflows
= $14,991.07 + $17,952.79 + $19,647.11 + $13,552.09 - $53,000 - $5,216.12
= $8,926.94
Now we solve for the IRR of the cash flows, including the initial investment and the final cash flow (Year 5).
IRR = Discount rate + [(NPV of inflows / PV of outflows) * (1 + Discount rate)]^(1 / Number of years) - 1
= 11% + [($8,926.94 / $53,000) * (1 + 11%)]^(1 / 5) - 1
= 11% + (0.1682 * 1.11)^(0.2) - 1
= 11% + 1.045^(0.2) - 1
= 11% + 0.0353 - 1
= 11.0353% - 1
= 0.0353 (3.53%)
Therefore, the MIRR of the project using the discounting approach method is approximately 3.53%.
Reinvestment Approach Method:
In this method, we calculate the future value of the initial investment and the future value of the cash inflows using the reinvestment rate of 8%. Then we find the IRR of the resulting cash flows.
Future Value (FV) of the initial investment = -$53,000 * (1 + 0.08)^5 = -$73,049.84
FV of Year 1 inflow = $16,700 * (1 + 0.08)^4 = $22,469.32
FV of Year 2 inflow = $21,900 * (1 + 0.08)^3 = $26,729.92
FV of Year 3 inflow = $27,300 * (1 + 0.08)^2 = $31,033.76
FV of Year 4 inflow = $20,400 * (1 + 0.08)^1 = $22,032
FV of Year 5 inflow = -$8,600 * (1 + 0.08)^0 = -$8,600
Net Future Value (NFV) = Sum of FV of inflows + FV of initial investment
= $22,469.32 + $26,729.92 + $31,033.76 + $22,032 - $73,049.84 - $8,600
= $21,615.16
Now we solve for the IRR of the cash flows, including the initial investment and the final cash flow (Year 5).
IRR = Reinvestment rate + [(FV of inflows / FV of outflows)^(1 / Number of years) - 1]
= 8% + [($21,615.16 / $73,049.84)^(1 / 5) - 1]
= 8% + (0.2957^(0.2) - 1)
= 8% + 1.0601^(0.2) - 1
= 8% + 0.0317 - 1
= 8.0317% - 1
= 0.0317 (3.17%)
Therefore, the MIRR of the project using the reinvestment approach method is approximately 3.17%.
Combination Approach Method:
In this method, we calculate the present value of the cash inflows and outflows using the discount rate of 11% and then calculate the future value of these present values using the reinvestment rate of 8%. Finally, we find the IRR of the resulting cash flows.
PV of Year 0 outflow = -$53,000
PV of Year 1 inflow = $14,991.07
PV of Year 2 inflow = $17,952.79
PV of Year 3 inflow = $19,647.11
PV of Year 4 inflow = $13,552.09
PV of Year 5 inflow = -$5,216.12
FV of PV of inflows = $14,991.07 * (1 + 0.08)^5 + $17,952.79 * (1 + 0.08)^4 + $19,647.11 * (1 + 0.08)^3 + $13,552.09 * (1 + 0.08)^2 - $5,216.12 * (1 + 0.08)^1
= $23,547.26 + $23,852.17 + $23,968.59 + $18,350.77 - $5,646.73
= $84,072.06
Now we solve for the IRR of the cash flows, including the initial investment and the final cash flow (Year 5).
IRR = Discount rate + [(FV of PV of inflows / PV of outflows)^(1 / Number of years) - 1]
= 11% + [($84,072.06 / $53,000)^(1 / 5) - 1]
= 11% + (1.5862^(0.2) - 1)
= 11% + 1.0839^(0.2) - 1
= 11% + 0.0354 - 1
= 11.0354% - 1
= 0.0354 (3.54%)
Therefore, the MIRR of the project using the combination approach method is approximately 3.54%.
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What is a critical rule about scale to remember when visualizing data?
Select an answer:
Line charts and bar charts should handle scale exactly the same way
Set the scales based on the data minimum and maximum values
Scales should be consistent across charts in a project
Use round numbers
The critical rule about scale to remember when visualizing data is "Set the scales based on the data minimum and maximum values."
It is essential to set the scales of the visualization based on the range of the data being presented. This ensures that the data is accurately represented and avoids distorting or misleading the audience. By setting the scales based on the data's minimum and maximum values, we maintain the integrity of the visualization and provide a clear representation of the data.
The other options listed are not universally applicable rules for scale in data visualization. While using round numbers or ensuring consistency across charts in a project may be helpful in some cases, they are not fundamental principles like setting the scales based on the data's actual range. Additionally, line charts and bar charts may require different scale handling depending on the specific characteristics of the data being visualized.
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The production supervisor of the Machining Department for Hagerstown Company agreed to the following monthly static budget for the upcoming year: Hagerstown Company Machining Department Monthly Produc
For the production level of 3,500 units, the budgeted cost per unit was determined to be $0.0089 per unit.
The production supervisor of the Machining Department for Hagerstown Company agreed to the following monthly static budget for the upcoming year. Hagerstown Company Machining Department Monthly Production Budget For the Year Ended December 31, 20x8.Units to be produced: 3,500. Direct materials: Quantity per unit: 4 pounds. Cost per pound: $6. Direct labour: Time per unit (hours): 0.6 hours. Rate per hour: $12.
The budgeted cost per unit can be computed as follows: Budgeted cost per unit = (Direct materials cost + Direct labour cost)/Number of units to be produced. Direct materials cost = Quantity per unit x Cost per pound. Direct labour cost = Time per unit x Rate per hour. The budgeted cost per unit is shown below, assuming the production level for the month was 3,500 units. Direct materials cost = 4 pounds x $6 = $24. Direct labour cost = 0.6 hours x $12 = $7.2. Total budgeted cost = Direct materials cost + Direct labour cost= $24 + $7.2 = $31.2. Budgeted cost per unit = $31.2/3,500= $0.0089 per unit. Therefore, the budgeted cost per unit is $0.0089 per unit. The budgeted cost per unit of the Machining Department for the Hagerstown Company was computed by dividing the total budgeted cost by the number of units to be produced. For the production level of 3,500 units, the budgeted cost per unit was determined to be $0.0089 per unit.
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How do you define success?
Answer:
if ur happy then ig I could say ur successful
if made it to the top I could say ur successful
if u reached the destination if ur dream I would say ur successful
At December 31, Hawke Company reports the following results for its calendar year. Problem 7-2A Estimating and reporting bad debts P2 P3 Cash sales. $1,905,000 Credit sales ....... .. .. **** $5,682,000 In addition, its unadjusted trial balance includes the following items. Accounts receivable........... $1.270.100 debit Allowance for doubtful accounts ..... $16,580 debit Check Bad Debts Expense. (10) $85.230. (1c) $80,085 Required 1. Prepare the adjusting entry to record bad debts under each. sep assumption. a. Bad debts are estimated to be 1.5% of credit sales. b. Bad debts are estimated to be 1% of total sales. c. An aging analysis estimates that 5% of year-end accounts receivable are uncollectible. 2. Show how Accounts Receivable and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts appear on its December 31 balance sheet given the facts in part la. 3. Show how Accounts Receivable and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts appear on its December 31 balance sheet given the facts in part lc.
The adjusting entries to record bad debts under each assumption are as follows:
a. Bad debts estimated at 1.5% of credit sales:
Bad Debts Expense .............................. $85,230
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ............ $85,230
b. Bad debts estimated at 1% of total sales:
Bad Debts Expense .............................. $57,820
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ............ $57,820
c. Aging analysis estimates 5% of year-end accounts receivable are uncollectible:
Bad Debts Expense .............................. $63,505
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ............ $63,505
On its December 31 balance sheet, given the facts in part 1a:
Accounts Receivable ................... $1,270,100
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts .... $85,230 (contra-asset)
On its December 31 balance sheet, given the facts in part 1c:
Accounts Receivable ................... $1,270,100
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts .... $63,505 (contra-asset)
In both cases, the balance sheet reflects the net value of Accounts Receivable after considering the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts as a deduction to account for potential bad debts.
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What is the motivation behind the accounting for specific government accounting activities within separate funds such as a special revenue fund, capital projects fund, debt service fund, etc.? Some might argue this breadth of accounting is cumbersome and rather time-consuming. Do you agree with this statement? Please explain your reasoning.
The motivation behind accounting for specific government accounting activities within separate funds such as a special revenue fund, capital projects fund, debt service fund, etc is to account for the monies received and expended in specific activities.
As per the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) which are followed by all the government accounting activities, the accounting for special activities is tracked separately from accounting for the general funds.
This is due to the fact that the activities conducted within special funds have restrictions on the manner in which they can be utilized.Thus, the creation of separate accounting funds ensures that monies are accounted for in accordance with the legal restrictions and the requirements for each specific fund.
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How much should healthcare executives know about finance and accounting?
Understanding accounting principles, financial regulations, and the healthcare industry's financial landscape is critical to making sound financial decisions that benefit patients and the organization.
Healthcare executives, specifically those who manage finances, must have a comprehensive knowledge of finance and accounting principles. Healthcare executives must know how to manage money and ensure the company's financial stability. They need to have a working knowledge of accounting principles, the healthcare industry's regulatory landscape, and how to make sound financial decisions when running a healthcare facility.
The majority of healthcare executives should have a basic understanding of financial concepts and accounting principles. They must understand accounting concepts such as profit and loss statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements. They must also have a solid understanding of the healthcare industry's financial landscape, including regulatory guidelines.
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Which of the following are characteristics of a premium bond?
I. coupon rate < yield-to-maturity
II. coupon rate > yield-to-maturity
III. coupon rate < current yield
IV. coupon rate > current yield
a) I only
b) I and III only
c) I and IV only
d) II and III only
e) II and IV only
The following are the characteristics of a premium bond are coupon rate > yield-to-maturity and coupon rate > current yield.
The option (E) is correct.
II. coupon rate > yield-to-maturity: A superior security has a coupon rate that is higher than its respect development. This implies that the security is estimated at a higher cost than expected over its presumptive worth, bringing about a lower successful yield for financial backers.
IV. coupon rate > current yield: The ongoing yield of a security is determined by separating the yearly premium installment (coupon) from the ongoing business sector cost of the security. On account of exceptional security, the market cost is higher than the presumptive worth, which prompts a lower current yield contrasted with the coupon rate.
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consumer has $300 to spend on goods X and Y. The market prices of these two goods are P(x)=15 and P(y)=5.
A) What is the market rate of substitution between goods X and Y?
B) Illustrate the consumer's opportunity set in a carefully labeled diagram.
C) Show how the consumer's opportunity set changes if income increases by $300. How does the $300 increase in income alter the market rate of substitution between goods X and Y?
A) The market rate of substitution between goods X and Y is 3 units of Y per unit of X.
What is the consumer's opportunity?B) The consumer's opportunity set is a budget line that shows all the combinations of goods X and Y that the consumer can afford to buy with their income of $300. The budget line is downward sloping, indicating that the consumer must give up units of Y to acquire units of X.
C) If the consumer's income increases by $300, the budget line will shift out, allowing the consumer to purchase more of both goods X and Y. The market rate of substitution between goods X and Y will remain unchanged, as it is determined by the relative prices of the goods.
Here is a diagram of the consumer's opportunity set:
Price of X (Px) = 15
Price of Y (Py) = 5
Income = $300
Budget line:
Y = -3X + 600
(0, 600)
(300, 300)
(600, 0)
If the consumer's income increases by $300, the budget line will shift out to:
Price of X (Px) = 15
Price of Y (Py) = 5
Income = $600
Budget line:
Y = -6X + 1200
(0, 1200)
(600, 600)
(1200, 0)
Clearly, the affordability of both commodities X and Y has increased for the consumer. The unaltered market rate of substitution of goods X and Y is set by the prices of the respective products
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a. According to the "real-balances effect," or the "real wealth" effect, if prices
O decline, the purchasing power of assets will rise, so spending at each income level should rise. O decline, the purchasing power of assets will decrease, so spending at each income level should
rise. O increase, the purchasing power of assets will decrease, so spending at each income level should
rise.
O increase, the purchasing power of assets will rise, so spending at each income level should rise.
According to the "real-balances effect" or the "real wealth" effect, if prices decline, the purchasing power of assets will rise, so spending at each income level should rise.
When prices decline, the purchasing power of individuals' assets increases because they can buy more goods and services with the same amount of money. This increase in real wealth leads to a greater sense of financial security and confidence in making purchases. As a result, individuals are more likely to increase their spending, even at each income level.
The logic behind this effect is that when prices are lower, people feel wealthier as their money can buy more. This increased purchasing power encourages individuals to spend more, which in turn stimulates economic activity and contributes to overall economic growth. Higher consumer spending can also lead to increased demand for goods and services, which can have a positive impact on businesses and the economy as a whole.
It is important to note that this effect assumes that other factors influencing consumer behavior, such as income levels and expectations about future prices, remain constant. Additionally, the real-balances effect is just one of several factors that can influence consumer spending patterns and economic conditions.
In conclusion, according to the real-balances effect, when prices decline, the purchasing power of assets increases, leading to an expected increase in spending at each income level.
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The federal reserve controls
The exchange rate
The price level.
The exchange rate and the price level
GDP growth
None of the above
In the neoclassical growth model, a
The Federal Reserve controls the exchange rate and the price level.
What is the Federal Reserve?The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States. It is a quasi-governmental organization that supervises and regulates financial institutions. The Federal Reserve System, also known as the Federal Reserve, was created by Congress in 1913 to provide the nation with a stable and flexible financial system.The Federal Reserve, being the central bank of the United States, controls many aspects of the economy. These include the exchange rate and the price level. Therefore, the answer to the question is the exchange rate and the price level.
A brief on neoclassical growth model
The neoclassical growth model is a framework for understanding long-run economic growth in market economies. The model is based on the principle that growth is driven by productivity improvements and technological progress, both of which can be affected by policies that encourage investment in human capital and research and development (R&D). The model is often used by economists to evaluate the impact of different policy choices on long-term growth rates and standards of living for different countries.
Therefore, the correct answer is exchange rate and price level.
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Complete question is:
"content loaded
The federal reserve controls
The exchange rate
The price level.
The exchange rate and the price level
GDP growth
None of the above
In the neoclassical growth model, write a brief note."
Evans Technology has the following capital structure.
Debt 40 %
Common equity 60
The aftertax cost of debt is 9.00 percent, and the cost of common equity (in the form of retained earnings) is 16.00 percent.
a. What is the firm’s weighted average cost of capital? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Input your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)
The firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 11.94%.
To calculate the WACC, we need to take the weighted average of the after-tax cost of debt and the cost of common equity.
1. Calculate the weight of debt and equity:
Debt weight = Debt / (Debt + Equity) = 40% / (40% + 60%) = 0.4
Equity weight = Equity / (Debt + Equity) = 60% / (40% + 60%) = 0.6
2. Calculate the after-tax cost of debt:
After-tax cost of debt = Cost of debt * (1 - Tax rate)
Since the question doesn't provide a tax rate, we'll assume a standard rate of 35%:
After-tax cost of debt = 9.00% * (1 - 0.35) = 9.00% * 0.65 = 5.85%
3. Calculate the weighted average cost of capital:
WACC = (Debt weight * After-tax cost of debt) + (Equity weight * Cost of equity)
Cost of equity is given as 16.00%.
WACC = (0.4 * 5.85%) + (0.6 * 16.00%)
WACC = 2.34% + 9.60%
WACC = 11.94%
Rounding the final answer to 2 decimal places, the firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 11.94%.
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E15-3. Jones, Silva, and Thompson form a partnership and agree to allocate income equally after recognition of 10% interest on beginning capital balances and monthly salary allowances of $2,000 to Jones and $1,500 to Thompson. Capital balances on January 1 were as follows:
Jones $40,000
Silva 25,000
Thompson 30,000
Required:
Calculate the net income (loss) allocation to each partner under each of the following independent situations.
1. Net income for the year is $99,500.
2. Net income for the year is $38,300.
3. Net loss for the year is $15,100.
1. Net income for the year is $99,500.Jones $33,833, Silva $33,833, Thompson $33,833.2.
2. Net income for the year is $38,300.Jones $12,767, Silva $12,767, Thompson $12,767.3.
3. Net loss for the year is $15,100.Jones $5,033, Silva $5,033,
1.Thompson $5,033.In the given problem, a partnership firm consisting of three members has been given.
2.
The partners have agreed to allocate income equally after recognition of 10% interest on beginning capital balances and monthly salary allowances of $2,000 to Jones and $1,500 to Thompson. Capital balances on January 1 were given. To calculate the net income or loss allocation to each partner, the following steps are to be followed:
3. Find the total salary allowance and subtract it from the given net income or add it to the given net loss.Find the interest on the beginning capital balances.Calculate the total capital balances at the end of the year.
Add the interest to the beginning capital balances and subtract the total salary allowance from the net income or add it to the net loss.
This gives us the adjusted net income or loss.Then divide the adjusted net income or loss equally among the partners.This way, the net income or loss allocation to each partner under each of the given independent situations can be calculated.
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Which of the following statements regarding defined benefit plans is false? Multiple Choice The vesting period can be based on a graded or cliff schedule. The benefits are based on a fixed formula. Em
Employees bear the investment risks of the plan is false regarding defined benefit plans. Option C is the correct answer.
A defined-benefit plan is an employer-sponsored retirement program where benefits are calculated for employees using a formula that takes into account a number of variables, including length of service and pay history. Option C is the correct answer.
The company is in responsibility of managing the plan's investments and risk, and frequently does this by working with a third-party investment manager. Employees frequently are not permitted to withdraw money at will, unlike with a 401(k) plan. Individuals are instead eligible to receive their benefit as a lifelong annuity or, in some circumstances, as a lump sum after they reach a particular age as stated by the plan's conditions.
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The complete question is, "Which of the following statements regarding defined benefit plans is false?
A. The benefits are based on a fixed formula.
B. The vesting period can be based on a graded or cliff schedule.
C. Employees bear the investment risks of the plan.
D. Employers are generally required to make annual contributions to meet expected future liabilities.
The stock of Big Joe's has a beta of 1.28 and an expected return of 11.50 percent The risk-free rate of return is 4 percent What is the expected return on the market? a. 9. 86 percent b. 6.38 percent c. 7.50 percent d. 8.58 percent e. 12.62 percent
The risk-free rate of return is 4 percent. The expected return on the market is 9.86 percent.
The expected return on the market can be determined using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), which calculates the expected return based on the risk-free rate of return, the beta of the stock, and the market risk premium.
The risk-free rate of return is given as 4 percent. The beta of the stock is given as 1.28, which represents the stock's sensitivity to market movements. The expected return of the stock is given as 11.50 percent.
The market risk premium is the difference between the expected return on the market and the risk-free rate of return. Using the CAPM formula, we can calculate the market risk premium by multiplying the beta by the market risk premium:
Market Risk Premium = Beta * (Expected Return on the Market - Risk-Free Rate of Return)
Substituting the given values, we have:
1.28 * (Expected Return on the Market - 4%) = 11.50% - 4%
Solving for the expected return on the market, we find:
Expected Return on the Market = (11.50% - 4%) / 1.28 + 4% = 9.86%
Therefore, the expected return on the market is 9.86 percent (option a).
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Review Apple's financial statements in Appendix A and identify its (a) total assets as of September 30, 2017, and September 24, 2016, and (b) operating income for the year ended September 30, 2017 Required 1. Assume Apple's target income is 12% of average assets. Compute Apple's residual income for fiscal 2017 using operating income 2. Compute Apple's return on investment (in percent) for fiscal 2017 using operating income (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
Here are the answers to your questions:
(a)Total assets as of September 30, 2017: $346,747 million
Total assets as of September 24, 2016: $323,888 million
(b)Operating income for the year ended September 30, 2017: $59,434 million
(1)Apple's residual income for fiscal 2017 is $29,707 million.
To calculate residual income, we first need to calculate Apple's average assets. This is done by taking the sum of Apple's total assets at the beginning of the year and the end of the year and dividing by 2. In this case, the average assets are $335,317 million.
We then need to calculate Apple's target income. This is done by multiplying Apple's average assets by the target income percentage. In this case, the target income percentage is 12%, so the target income is $40,238 million.
Finally, we subtract the target income from the operating income to calculate the residual income. In this case, the residual income is $59,434 million - $40,238 million = $29,707 million.
(2) Apple's return on investment (ROI) for fiscal 2017 is 17.3%.To calculate ROI, we first need to calculate Apple's operating income as a percentage of assets. This is done by dividing the operating income by the average assets. In this case, the operating income as a percentage of assets is 17.3%.
We then multiply this percentage by 100 to express it as a percentage. In this case, the ROI is 17.3% x 100 = 17.3%.Here is an explanation of the calculation:
Residual income is the amount of income that a company earns above its target income.
Target income is the amount of income that a company expects to earn based on its assets and operations.
Return on investment (ROI) is a measure of how profitable a company is. It is calculated by dividing the company's net income by its total assets.
In this case, Apple's residual income is $29,707 million. This means that Apple earned $29,707 million more than its target income of $40,238 million. Apple's ROI is 17.3%. This means that Apple earned $17.30 for every $100 in assets that it had.
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A firm has two divisions: one is very risky and the other is much less risky. The company uses its investors' overall required rate of return to evaluate its investment projects. It is most likely that the firm will become: (more/less risky) and (more or less valuable).
less; more
Not sure
more; more
more; less
less; less
It is most likely that the firm will become less risky and more valuable by diversifying its operations across a risky division and a less risky division.
The correct answer would be more; less.
In this scenario, the firm has two divisions—one that is very risky and another that is much less risky. The company evaluates its investment projects based on the investors' overall required rate of return.
Considering that the firm has both a risky division and a less risky division, it is most likely that the firm will become less risky and more valuable.
By diversifying its operations across two divisions with differing risk profiles, the firm can benefit from risk reduction at the overall company level. The risky division's higher risk is likely offset by the less risky division's lower risk. This diversification strategy reduces the overall riskiness of the firm.
Moreover, by reducing its overall risk, the firm becomes more attractive to investors. Investors generally prefer less risky investments, and by offering a combination of both risky and less risky operations, the firm can appeal to a broader investor base. This increased attractiveness can lead to a higher valuation for the firm, as investors are willing to pay a premium for lower-risk investments.
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most top executives began their careers as which type of expert?
Most top executives began their careers as functional or technical experts. They gained specialized knowledge and skills in a particular field, such as marketing, finance, operations, or engineering, before moving up to leadership roles in their organizations.
Functional or technical experts are individuals who possess specialized knowledge and skills in a particular field. They typically have advanced degrees, certifications, and practical experience in their field, making them well-versed in the complexities of their profession. These experts serve as the foundation of their organizations and act as subject matter experts in their respective fields.
They are responsible for analyzing data, identifying trends, making informed decisions, and driving innovation in their organizations. In conclusion, most top executives begin their careers as functional or technical experts and later move up to leadership roles in their organizations.
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What field should be moved out of a table if Customer ID is the primary key? address O package size O phone number O customer name
Answer:
package size
Explanation:
all the others are stuff abt the customer
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Required Information
Problem 10-6A Record equity transactions and prepare the stockholders' equity section (LO10-2, 10-3, 10- 4, 10-5, 10-7)
[The following information applies to the questions displayed below]
Major League Apparel has two classes of stock authorized: 5%, $10 par preferred, and $1 par value common. The following transactions affect stockholders' equity during 2021, its first year of operations:
January 2 Issue 100,000 shares of common stock for $63 per share.
February 14 Issue 53,000 shares of preferred stock for $11 per share.
May 8 Purchase 10, eee shares of its own common stock for $53 per share.
May 31 Resell 5,000 shares of treasury stock for $58 per share.
December 1 Declare a cash dividend on its common stock of $0.65 per share and a $26, see (5% of par value) cash dividend on its preferred stock payable to all stockholders of record on December 15. The dividend is payable on December 30. (Hint: Dividends are not paid on treasury stock.)
December 30 Pay the cash dividends declared on December 1.
Problem 10-6A Part 2
2. Prepare the stockholders' equity section of the balance sheet as of December 31, 2021. Net Income for the year was $483,000. (Amounts to be deducted should be Indicated by a minus sign.)..
Answer is complete but not entirely correct. M
AJOR LEAGUE APPAREL
Balance Sheet
(Stockholders' Equity Section)
December 31, 2021
Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred Stock $ 530,000
Common Stock 100,000
Additional Paid-in Capital 6.278,000
Total Paid-in Capital 6.908,000
Retained Earnings 1
Treasury Stock (265,000)
Total Stockholders' Equity $ 6,643,001
Corrections justification: Preferred Stock: By dividing the number of preferred shares issued (53,000) by the issuance price per share ($11), the right value is $583,000. Total Paid-in Capital: The actual total is $6,961,000, which is obtained by combining the Preferred Stock and Common Stock quantities. Retained Earnings: The net income for the year, which is stated as $483,000, should be added to retained earnings. Equity owned by all stockholders: By combining the figures for Total Paid-in Capital, Retained Earnings, and Treasury Stock, the actual number comes out to $7,179,000.
The ownership certificates of any corporation are referred to as "stocks" in general. On the other hand, a share alludes to the stock certificate of a certain business. A shareholder is someone who owns stock in a certain corporation.
Stocks come in two varieties: common and favored. Stocks signify ownership in a publicly traded business. You acquire ownership of a corporation when Preferred you purchase its shares. You own 1% of a corporation, for instance, if you purchase 1,000 of its 100,000 shares.
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Leach Incorporated experienced the following events for the first two years of its operations. Year 1: 1. Issued $27,000 of common stock for cash. 2. Provided $96,700 of services on account. 3. Provided $53,000 of services and received cash. 4. Collected $86,000 cash from accounts receivable. 5. Paid $55,000 of salaries expense for the year. 6. Adjusted the accounting records to reflect uncollectible accounts expense for the year. Leach estimates that 5 percent of the ending accounts receivable balance will be uncollectible. 7. Closed the revenue account. 8. Closed the expense accounts. Year 2: 1. Wrote off an uncollectible account for $1,500. 2. Provided $105,000 of services on account. 3. Provided $49,000 of services and collected cash. 4. Collected $98,000 cash from accounts receivable. 5. Paid $82,000 of salaries expense for the year. 6. Adjusted the accounts to reflect uncollectible accounts expense for the year. Leach estimates that 5 percent of the ending accounts receivable balance will be uncollectible. 7. Closed the revenue account. 8. Closed the expense accounts. Prepare the income statement, statement of changes in stockholders' equity, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows for Year 1. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below.
For Year 1, Leach Incorporated had total revenue of $149,700, with $96,700 from services on account and $53,000 from services cash. The total expenses for the year were $55,000 plus the uncollectible accounts expense
Income Statement for Year 1:
Revenue:
Services on Account: $96,700
Services Cash: $53,000
Total Revenue: $149,700
Expenses:
Salaries Expense: $55,000
Uncollectible Accounts Expense: (5% of ending accounts receivable balance)
Total Expenses: $55,000 + Uncollectible Accounts Expense
Net Income: Total Revenue - Total Expenses
Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for Year 1:
Beginning Common Stock: $0
Issued Common Stock for Cash: $27,000
Ending Common Stock: $27,000
Beginning Retained Earnings: $0
Net Income: (from Income Statement)
Ending Retained Earnings: Beginning Retained Earnings + Net Income
Balance Sheet for Year 1:
Assets:
Cash: (Collected cash from services) + (Collected cash from accounts receivable)
Accounts Receivable: (Ending accounts receivable balance)
Total Assets: Cash + Accounts Receivable
Liabilities:
None is mentioned in the given information.
Stockholders' Equity:
Common Stock: (Ending Common Stock from Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity)
Retained Earnings: (Ending Retained Earnings from Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity)
Total Stockholders' Equity: Common Stock + Retained Earnings
Statement of Cash Flows for Year 1:
Operating Activities:
Cash Collected from Accounts Receivable
Cash Paid for Salaries Expense
Uncollectible Accounts Expenses (included in Net Income)
Financing Activities:
Cash Received from Issuance of Common Stock
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______ markets, since stockholders are said to own the common equity of the firm.
The term used to refer to the markets since stockholders are said to own the common equity of the firm is stock markets.
A stock market is a platform for the trading of stocks or shares, bonds, and other securities of publicly traded corporations and the issuance of new securities by the firm. This market is also known as the equity market because it allows shareholders to trade the firm's equity.
The equity refers to a company's ownership interest, which is comprised of a variety of securities such as preferred stock, common stock, and retained earnings. The owners of equity are stockholders or shareholders. They invest their capital in the company, and in exchange, they receive ownership in the firm. The equity investors are entitled to participate in the company's management, to vote on important issues, and to receive dividends.
Stock markets are of two types: primary and secondary. A primary market is where companies offer their shares to the public for the first time. In contrast, a secondary market is where previously issued shares are traded between investors. In a secondary market, investors buy and sell shares through exchanges, like the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or over-the-counter (OTC) markets.
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Suppose you work as an economic analyst in a large research organisation. Monitoring and interpreting macroeconomic data are a routine part of your job. Suppose you are asked to analyse the trends in GDP in several developed and developing countries.
a) Collect and present (in a line-graph format) the annual data for GDP per capita (in constant U.S. dollar) for the USA, Australia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, China, and India for the 1960- 2019 period. Use a graphing tool in Excel or a similar application to create GDP per capita line graphs for all countries in one chart.
N.B. Your chart should display a descriptive title, axis labels, a key and a brief data source below the chart. (e.g. source: World Bank, 2020 and/or OECD, 2020). A good source of reliable international data is the Data Bank of the World Bank: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators#.
b) Collect data (from the same source as above) for GDP per capita growth for all the seven countries for 1961-2019. Use these data to compute the average growth rate of GDP per capita for each country. Report average growth rates of GDP per capita for seven countries in a table. Please don’t report growth rates for all the years; we just need the average growth rates over 1961 to 2019 for each country.
c) Based on your answers to (a) and (b), what similarities and differences do you observe in these seven countries? Is there any catch-up effect?
d) India’s GDP per capita remained lower compared to the other six countries. Discuss three reasons why India’s growth rate and GDP per capita might have remained relatively low. Cite appropriate references if you use any data/information to support your answer.
a) Collect and present GDP per capita data from 1960-2019 for the specified countries. b) Analyze similarities/differences, identify catch-up effects, and cite reasons for India's relatively low GDP per capita growth.
a) To gather the yearly Gross domestic product per capita information for the predefined nations and time span and make the line diagrams utilizing a diagramming instrument like Succeed.
b) Comparably, you can gather the information for Gross domestic product per capita development for the seven nations from a similar source and process the typical development rates over the 1961-2019 period for every country.
c) In light of the gathered information, dissect the similitudes and contrasts in Gross domestic product per capita drifts among the nations. Search for designs.
For example, generally speaking development rates, union or difference in Gross domestic product per capita levels, and possible make up for lost time impacts where nations with at first lower Gross domestic product per capita experience higher development rates.
d) Potential explanations behind India's moderately low Gross domestic product per capita development incorporate primary difficulties, pay imbalance, lacking foundation, and restricted admittance to quality instruction and medical care.
It is prescribed to allude to solid sources and concentrates on India's economy to help the investigation and conversation of these reasons.
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a. Outline THREE (3) factors in favour of self-insurance.
b. Relate THREE (3) factors against self-insurance.
c. Examine the retrospective insurance plan and identify TWO (2) problems associated with it.
The three factors in favour of self insurance are- control over claims, cost savings, and flexibity. Three factors against self insurance are- financial risk, limited protection, and administrative burden.
a. Factors in favour of self-insurance: Self-insurance is a method of risk financing whereby an entity creates a fund to cover unexpected losses. There are several reasons why an organization may choose to self-insure, including:
Control over claims: Self-insuring provides businesses with more control over their claims management. In some cases, self-insured organizations can avoid the costs and bureaucratic procedures associated with purchasing traditional insurance.
Cost savings: When an organization self-insures, it can avoid many of the overhead and administrative costs associated with traditional insurance plans. As a result, businesses can save significant amounts of money over time.
Flexibility: Self-insured organizations can customize their coverage options, tailoring policies to meet the specific needs of their business.
b. Factors against self-insurance: While there are advantages to self-insurance, there are also some disadvantages, including:
Financial risk: Self-insuring can be a risky endeavor for small or under-capitalized businesses. In some cases, unexpected losses can significantly impact the organization's financial stability.
Limited protection: Self-insurance policies may not provide the same level of coverage as traditional insurance plans. This can leave organizations exposed to financial losses in certain scenarios.
Administrative burden: Self-insuring requires a significant amount of administrative effort, which can be a burden for businesses with limited resources.
c. Problems associated with retrospective insurance plans include the following:
Limited control over claims management: Retrospective insurance plans can lead to reduced control over claims management since they rely on insurance companies to handle the claims process.
Cost uncertainty: Retrospective insurance plans can lead to significant cost uncertainty since the final cost of the policy will depend on the actual claims incurred during the policy period. This can make it difficult for businesses to budget for their insurance costs.
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