Select the facts that support the endosymbiotic theory. Check All That Apply Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA. Mitochondria and chloroplasts often leave cells, surviving well on their own. Mitochondria and chloroplasts often leave cells, surviving well on their own. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are surrounded by two membranes. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are surrounded by two membranes. Mitochondria are about the same size as most bacteria.
Answer:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are surrounded by two membranes
Mitochondria are about the same size as most bacteria
Explanation:
The endosymbiotic theory, also known as symbiogenesis, is a theory that explains how eukaryotic organisms have been formed from prokaryotic cells. This theory holds that eukaryotic organisms originated from prokaryotic organisms that engulfed another prokaryotic cell, creating thus an organism with multiple membranes. In consequence, eukaryotic organelles, including mitochondria and chloroplasts, would have evolved from these prokaryotic endosymbionts. Moreover, both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own genes which are localized in a circular chromosome, thereby supporting an endosymbiotic origin of both organelles. Finally, bacterial cells have 1 to 10 microns in length, while mitochondria have a similar size, thereby also supporting an endosymbiotic origin of this organelle.
Which of the following best describes the function of the immune system's response to bacterial invasion of the extracellular fluid?
a. a system that produces swelling and redness at the site of infection in order to flush out bacteria from the extracellular fluid
b. a system that inhibits the production of antibodies and histamine, resulting in bacterial death
c. a system that uses only intracellular chemicals to destroy invading bacteria
d. a system that enhances the destruction of bacteria through the activation of mast cells, lymphocytes, and phagocytes
Answer:
d. a system that enhances the destruction of bacteria through the activation of mast cells, lymphocytes, and phagocytes
Explanation:
Mast cells are white blood cells (i.e., lymphocytes) that form part of the immune system. These cells form part of the first line of defense against pathogenic organisms. Some of the most important phagocytic cells that function to protect the body by ingesting pathogenic agents (e.g., harmful bacteria) include mast cells, monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells. In this regard, it is important to highlight that mast cells are similar to basophil granulocytes (another type of lymphocyte), and they are derived from hematopoietic stem cells.
Reconstruct the phylogeny that most simply and accurately accounts for the distribution of synapomorphies among ingroup species. Given matrices as small and simple as the above example, one can "build" the tree from the bottom up in a series of sketches, adding clades or branches representing groups with the fewest synapomorphies near the base of the tree and those with the most at the tips. Using the unlabeled phylogeny as a starting point, draw the stepwise construction of a fully resolved phylogeny to account for all of the synapomorphies, and include the synapomorphies that identify each clade (the first one, character 2, is included to get you started; this is shared by all members of the ingroup).
Complete question:
1). Determine the character states for the following six characters that are present in species OG, 5, 7, 15, 17, 18. Assign the character state found in the outgroup (OG) as a 0 and the alternative derived state a 1; use only two states per character. Example, stem width: 0 = thin, / = thick 1 (Characters and plant species image in the attached files)
2). Score each taxon using the 0 and 1 notation about and add to this matrix (Matrix in the attached files)
4). Reconstruct the phylogeny that most simply and accurately accounts for the distribution of synapomorphies among ingroup species. Given matrices as small and simple as the above example, one can build the tree from the bottom up in a series of sketches, adding clades or branches representing groups with the fewest synapomorphies near the base of the tree and those with the most at the tips. Using the unlabeled phylogeny as a starting point, draw the stepwise construction of a fully resolved phylogeny to account for all of the synapomorphies and include the synapomorphies that identify each clade (the first one, character 2, is included to get you started; this is shared by all members of the ingroup) (Tree in the attached files)
Answer:
Characters: Stem width: Thick-1 // Thin-0 Leaf edge (shape): Pointed-1 // Blunt-0 Flower base (shape): Narrow-0 // Wide-1 Flower orientation: Downward (Pendant)-1 // Upward (Vertical)-0 Petal color: Purple-1 // Yellow-0 Fruit shape (inset on card, on left): Round-0 // Elongated-1Complete Matrix in the attached filesOrder in the phylogeny reconstruction: OG --> 7 --> 5 --> 15 --> 17 and 18 (tree + evolutive changes in the attached files)Explanation:
NOTE: You will find the complete activity in the attached files.
The principle of maximum parsimony or maximum simplicity states that among all possible trees within a group of species, the most probable is the one that requires us to postulate the least number of evolutionary changes. So, to reconstruct a phylogeny we need to choose the tree that requires the less number of changes. To determine the character states for all the six characters, we assigned the number cero to all the characters expressed in the out-group. Thin steam, blunt leaf, narrow flower base, upward flower orientation, yellow petals, and rounded-seeds are all cero states. The other characters are 1.The above information of character state was used to fill in the matrix, specifying which character state belongs to each species according to their traits. The matrix was useful to reconstruct the phylogeny, to identify the autapomorphic trait, and to visualize all the clades.Which organelle/part of the cell would say this if it could speak? Sometimes I feel bloated with all the water I store.
1)nucleus
2)cell membrane
3)mitochondria
4)cytoplasm
5)vacuole
If a plant is considered “drought-resistant“ does it require more or less water to perform photosynthesis?
Answer:
Less water.
Explanation:
If the plant is "drought-resistant" then that should mean less water is required for the plant to perform photosynthesis.
The primitive streak eventually becomes what system?
Answer:
becomes the definitive endoderm
Holstein cattle are normally black and white. A su- perb black and white bull, Charlie, was purchased by a farmer for $100,000. All the progeny sired by Charlie were normal in appearance. However, cer- tain pairs of his progeny, when interbred, produced red and white progeny at a frequency of about 25 percent. Charlie was soon removed from the stud lists of the Holstein breeders. Use symbols to ex- plain precisely why.
Answer and Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete answer and explanation in the attached file
How long can a bearded dragon spend on a car ride without uvb.
why is the thalamus referred to as the gateway to the cortex
Answer:
The thalamus is known as the 'gateway' to the cerebral cortex, since most ascending sensory pathways relay in one of its nuclei in order to reach their cortical targets.
What will we do with waste materials? Waste water, garbage, sewage, industrial pollutants--the amount of waste produced grows
each year. The increasing amount of waste materials also requires a growing need for professionals in the field of
A)
world politics.
B)
energy conservation
C)
environmental engineering
D)
marketing and cost analysis.
Answer: environmental engineering
Explanation:
The trait for tall pea plants is (T) and the trait for short pea plants is (t). The trait for smooth pea plants is (R) and the trait for wrinkled is (r).Two plants are crossed producing a F1 generation of plants with 612 tall and smooth pea plants and 188 short and wrinkled pea plants.What would be the most likely genotype of the parental generation?
Answer:
P generation = TtRr × TtRr i.e both parents were heterozygote for both traits
Explanation:
This question involves two genes encoding the height and texture in pea plants respectively. The alleles for tall and smooth pea traits are dominant over the alelles for short and wrinkled traits.
According to this question, two plants are crossed to produce F1 offsprings as follows: 612 tall and smooth pea plants and 188 short and wrinkled pea plants.
First, we turn this derived number of offsprings into ratio by dividing by the smallest number (188)
612/188 : 188/188
3.25 : 1
Approximately; we can say this is 3 (tall and smooth) : 1 (short and wrinkled)
Based on this ratio, which was got by Mendel for his F1 offsprings when he crossed pea plants, the parental generation has a heterozygous genotype (TtRr).
Using a total of only five organs, design a digestive system that can absorb the maximum number of Calories from the apple. Describe your system below.
Answer:
Mouth, Small intestine, Large intestine, Rectum and blood capillaries
Explanation:
The five organs could be
A) mouth
B) small intestine: small intestine has three parts: the duodenum (attached to the stomach), the jejunum (the middle portion)
C) Large intestine
D) rectum and
E) placed capillaries and lymphatic vessels on the small intestine.
Digestion is a process in which breakdown of food molecules occurs, which provide nutrients to the body.
Digestion of an appleThe organs included in the digestion of an apple are :
Mouth: The apple cut down into smaller pieces by teeth. The saliva present in the mouth breakdown the starch present in the apple.Stomach: The stomach contain digestive juices like hydrochloric acid and other gastric juices. These juices mix with the apple.Duodenum : In duodenum, the breakdown of starch molecule happens.Ileum : Small finger like structure present in the organ called villi, which absorb sugar particles and vitamins and minerals present in the apple.Colon : The undigested waste travels through the colon and goes to another organ that is rectum.Rectum : The indigestive waste material went out from the body through rectum.These are the organs which can absorb the maximum number of Calories from the apple.
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how has technological change contributed to global warming what is one problem that scientists think global warming may cause for society?
Answer:
the technological change contributed to global warming because many of the newer tecnoligical advancments have required that more products be used in ways that hurt the environment and the way their made require more products to burn and turn into smoke that contributes to the glbal warming issue.
Explanation:
As technology has advanced, a number of technological gadgets have been made available to consumers, which increase energy consumption, directly burning more fossil fuels leading to Global warming.
What is Global Warming?Global warming is defined as the gradual increase in the temperature of the Earth due to the greenhouse effect due to increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs and other pollutants.
The change has disturbed the climate pattern of the earth, while the concept of global warming is quite hectic but scientists have provided relevant data in support of the fact that the temperature of the earth is increasing continuously.
The causes of Global Warming are as follows:
Man-made causes:
1. Deforestation
2. Use of vehicles
3. Agriculture, etc.
Natural causes:
1.Volcanoes
2. Water vapor, etc.
Thus, as technology has advanced, a number of technological gadgets have been made available to consumers, which increase energy consumption, directly burning more fossil fuels leading to Global warming.
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gizmo weathering answer key activity B
Kelli's earplugs fall out while visiting a very loud factory. Which could likely happen to Kelli?
damage to the outer ear
damage to the middle ear
increased hearing ability
earwax buildup
In the given case, falling of earplugs while visiting a loud factory could result in the damage to the middle ear.
How the middle ear can damage?Rupture in the eardrum, that is, a thin tissue, which separates the ear canal from the middle ear can cause damage in the middle ear. The middle ear damage can lead to hearing loss. Rupture in the eardrum can also make the middle ear susceptible to infections.
Middle ear damage can result due to:
Otitis media or middle ear infectionStress imparted on the eardrum Sudden loud sound or blast from a very loud factory or gunshotSevere head traumaTherefore, in the given case, due to fall-out of earplugs of Kelli while visiting a very loud factory could result in damage to the middle ear.
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Place the following labels in the proper position to designate what effect each condition would have on membrane physiology.
Categories:
1) Makes RMP (Resting Membrane Potential) Less Negative
2) Influences the Ability of the Cell to Repolarize
3) Influences the Ability of the Cell to Depolarize
Place in the three categories above:
a) Voltage regulated potassium channels are blocked
b) Decreased concentration of leaky potassium channels in the membrane
c) Acetylcholine esterase concentration is decreased
d) ATP stores are declining through mitochondrial poison (arsenic)
e) The size of the synaptic cleft is increased
f) Hyperhydration (high water concentration in ECF)
g) Release of excitatory neurotransmitter by a presynaptic input is blocked
h) Hyponatremia (low ECF sodium)
i) Neurotransmitter synthesis is compromised due to Golgi dysfunction in the presynaptic neuron
j) Increased concentration of leaky sodium channels in the membrane
Answer:
1. B, D and J.
2. A and C.
3. E, F, G, H, AND I.
Explanation:
A cell can be defined as the fundamental or basic functional, structural and smallest unit of life for all living organisms. Some living organisms are unicellular while others are multicellular in nature. A unicellular organism refers to a living organism that possess a single-cell while a multicellular organism has many (multiple) cells.
A membrane is a thin layer which forms the wall of the cell and typically controls what leaves and enters the cell.
Some of the effects of various biological conditions on membrane physiology are;
1. Makes RMP (Resting Membrane Potential) Less Negative: this simply means that it decreases RMP;
Decreased concentration of leaky potassium channels in the membrane. ATP stores are declining through mitochondrial poison (arsenic). Increased concentration of leaky sodium channels in the membrane.2. Influences the Ability of the Cell to Repolarize;
Voltage regulated potassium channels are blocked. Acetylcholine esterase concentration is decreased.3. Influences the Ability of the Cell to Depolarize;
The size of the synaptic cleft is increased. Hyperhydration (high water concentration in ECF). Release of excitatory neurotransmitter by a presynaptic input is blocked. Hyponatremia (low ECF sodium).Neurotransmitter synthesis is compromised due to Golgi dysfunction in the presynaptic neuron.Can someone please help me with this I don’t know how to label them I really need help i need to turn it in please
PLEASE HELP!!!
• Humans have some...
A.) 7,000 cells
B.) I Million total cells
C.) 30-37 trillion cells
D.) 876 Quintillion cells
E.) we are not made of true cells
Answer:
C. 37.2 Trillion cells.
Explanation:
True or False: Magnetism is a force that can't be seen; however, the effects of magnetism can be made visible.
Answer: True
Explanation:
Which is a compound that is only found in the cells of autotrophs that perform photosynthesis to enable these organisms to create their own food?
Answer: In photosynthesis, autotrophs use energy from the sun to convert water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air into a nutrient called glucose. Glucose is a type of sugar. The glucose gives plants energy. Plants also use glucose to make cellulose, a substance they use to grow and build cell walls.
Which of the following activities were asked about when determining activity level?
a. stretching and flexibility.
b. specific exercises like running, swimming, and biking.
c. moderate household chores.
d. resistance (weight) training.
e. sedentary activities like watching TV and computer use.
f. moderate exercise that causes increased heart and breathing rate.
Answer:
b. and f.
Explanation:
The two main categories of activities that are asked about are specific exercises like running, swimming, and biking. As well as moderate exercise that causes increased heart and breathing rate. These are asked about because they are separate physical activities from an individual's everyday life whether it is done as a hobby or for health reasons. They tend to influence the physical status and are therefore important when determining activity level. Other tasks are usually not included since they are considered normal for survival as everyday tasks.
As per the observation, the correct answers about the determining activity level are options:
b. specific exercises like running, swimming, biking, and f. moderate exercise that causes increased heart and breathing rate.
The primary classes of sports which are requested approximately are unique sporting activities like running, swimming, and biking. As properly a slight workout that reasons expanded coronary heart and respiration rate.
These are requested approximately due to the fact they're separate bodily sports from an individual's regular lifestyles whether or not it's miles executed as an interest or for fitness reasons. They have a tendency to steer the bodily reputation and are consequently critical while figuring out pastime level. Other responsibilities are typically now no longer covered because they're taken into consideration every day for survival as regular responsibilities.
What is the activity level?There are three essential approaches to describing the depth of an activity – vigorous, moderate, and gentle.
Thus it is clear that the following activities were asked about when determining activity levels were b. specific exercises like running, swimming, and biking. f. moderate exercise that causes increased heart and breathing rate.
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What is the function of the sepal?
Answer: like a Nepenthes Alata
Explanation :The sepal is a defensive organ that encloses and protects the developing reproductive structures. At maturity, the sepal opens when the flower blooms. The outer sepal epidermis
Explicitly explain how a living organism obtains energy after eating.
Answer:
Explanation:
Tiny bits of the food you ate break down into a simple sugar called glucose. In your cells, energy from the sugar is released when oxygen and glucose combine in a reaction. The reaction produces water, carbon dioxide, and energy in the form of ATP. This chemical process is happening all the time in your cells.
Why is Glycolysis also known as Alcoholic or lactic acid Fermentation?
Answer:
In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate from glycolysis changes to lactic acid. This type of fermentation is carried out by the bacteria in yogurt, and by your own muscle cells. In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate changes to alcohol and carbon dioxide. This type of fermentation is carried out by yeasts and some bacteria.
Charles Boyle was a scientist who studied the relationship between the
temperature and pressure of gases. According to Boyle, at a constant
temperature, the volume of a gas decreases as the pressure increases.
Which of the following terms describes Boyle's statement about how gases
behave?
A. Hypothesis
B. Observation
C. Theory
D. Scientific law
Answer:
D
Explanation:
What do we still need to know in order to determine why the two rock formations have such similar minerals?
Answer and Explanation:
Rock is defined as the collection of one or more minerals. Granite, sedimentary rock, igneous rock, metamorphic rock and limestone are the types of rock. Granite is the most common type of rock. Granite is made up of four minerals such as hornblende, feldspar, quartz and mica. Granite breaks down to form sedimentary rocks. Igneous rock begins as magma. The lava and magma harden to form igneous rock. Metamorphic rocks are made from pressure. Rocks are made of one or more minerals, which are cooled and melted together, cemented together, or heated and squeezed together. The mineral occurs naturally and is made of crystals. The earth’s crust is made of rocks. Most rocks are covered by soil. Soil contains the small pieces of rocks. The two rocks have similar composition but different texture. Rocks are formed in different ways. The rocks can be changed from one form to another.
Determine the proportion of offspring phenotypes that would result when two merle dogs mate, if one dog is true-breeding for the long-coat trait and the other dog is true-breeding for the short-coat trait. ResetHelp
Answer:
100% long-coat
Explanation:
Assuming that the long-coat trait is represented by L allele and the short-coat trait by l allele.
True-breeding long-coat dog would have the genotype LL while true-breeding short-coat would have the genotype ll.
Assuming that the long-coat trait is dominant over the short-coat trait.
LL x ll
Ll Ll Ll Ll
All the offspring would have Ll genotype and would appear with long-coat phenotypically. Hence, the proportion of offspring phenotypes is 100% long coat.
which biomolecule contains your genetics
Answer:
Nucleic Acids
Explanation:
These molecules contain the genetic code, which has all the information necessary to build the body. The basic unit is called a nucleotide, which is composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone attached to one of four nitrogenous bases; cytosine, guanine, adenine or thymine.
Dr. Digger, a paleontologist, finds a fossil that he describes in his journal.
The creature was approximately 1 meter long, with its backbone fused into a large shell covering the body cavity. It had a beaklike mouth, without teeth, and all four limbs were in the form of flippers.
Based on anatomical similarities, to which modern animal is Dr. Digger’s creature most closely related?
zebra
bony fish
sea turtle
snake
Answer:
sea turtle
Explanation:
it is conected to a shell and has flippers
Which of the following is NOT one of the three reactants needed for a green plant to make its own food.
Answer:
d
Explanation: