If demand is inelastic and a monopolist raises its price, quantity would fall by a smaller percentage than the rise in price, causing profit to increase. Therefore, a monopolist will sometimes produce a quantity at which the demand curve is elastic.
In terms of the graphical representation, the purple segment (diamond symbols) would represent the portion of the demand curve that is inelastic. This segment corresponds to the price range where the monopolist can increase prices and still maintain a relatively stable quantity demanded due to the inelasticity of demand.
To show the quantity and price that maximize total revenue (TR), we can identify the point on the demand curve where marginal revenue (MR) equals zero. This is the point where total revenue is maximized. The black point (plus symbol) would represent this quantity and price.
Please note that without specific data or a graph provided, it is not possible to pinpoint the exact location of the purple segment and the black point on the demand curve. The positions would vary depending on the specific circumstances and elasticity of demand for the monopolist's product.
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Explain why public goods should be provided by the government
directly (10 marks)
Public goods should be provided by the government directly because they are goods that are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, which makes them difficult to be provided by the private sector.
The term "non-excludable" means that the good is difficult to exclude people from using it, while "non-rivalrous" refers to the fact that the good can be consumed by multiple users at the same time without diminishing its quality or quantity.
In contrast, private goods are excludable and rivalrous, meaning that they can be owned and consumed by an individual or a group of people without anyone else being able to use them.
For example, a private good like a car can be owned by an individual or a group, and once it is used, it diminishes in value, making it difficult to be shared or used by someone else.
Therefore, public goods such as national defense, public parks, and street lights need to be provided by the government directly as they cannot be provided by the private sector due to their nature.
The government is responsible for the provision of public goods and services because they are essential for the well-being of society and they cannot be provided efficiently by the private sector.
Governments provide public goods by taxing citizens and using the revenue to fund the provision of public goods and services.
Therefore, the government plays an important role in the provision of public goods and services, which are necessary for the welfare of society.
It is the government's responsibility to provide public goods, which are essential for the well-being of society and cannot be efficiently provided by the private sector.
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Tom purchases 1,000 shares of ZAX stock on margin at $60 per share. He borrows $24,000 from the brokerage firm to help pay for the purchase. The interest rate is 2% per month i. How much is the margin in Tom's account when he first purchases ZAX stock? (2 marks) ii. What is the remaining margin in the account if ZAX share price falls to $46 per share after a month? Will he receive a margin call if the maintenance margin requirement is 40%? (4 marks) iii. Determine the rate of return on his investment.
i. The margin in Tom's account when he first purchases ZAX stock is $24,000.Margin = Total Value of Stock - Borrowed Amount Margin = 1,000 × $60 - $24,000Margin = $60,000 - $24,000Margin = $36,000ii.
Calculation of remaining margin in the account if ZAX share price falls to $46 per share after a month: After a month, the total value of the shares will be: Total Value of Shares = 1,000 × $46Total Value of Shares = $46,000The amount Tom borrowed on margin remains $24,000Remaining Margin = Total Value of Shares - Borrowed Amount Remaining Margin = $46,000 - $24,000Remaining Margin = $22,000To determine whether or not Tom will receive a margin call, let us find out if his remaining margin exceeds the maintenance margin requirement or not: Maintenance Margin = 40% of Total Value of Shares Maintenance Margin = 40% of $46,000Maintenance Margin = $18,400Since the remaining margin ($22,000) exceeds the maintenance margin ($18,400), Tom will not receive a margin call. iii. Calculation of rate of return on Tom's investment: Rate of Return = [(Total Value of Shares - Total Amount Borrowed) / Total Amount Borrowed] × 100Rate of Return = [(1,000 × $46 - $24,000) / $24,000] × 100Rate of Return = [$22,000 / $24,000] × 100Rate of Return = 91.67%Therefore, the rate of return on Tom's investment is 91.67%.
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(2 points) (a) Suppose we have the following production function: Q = K1/2L1/2. Suppose K is fixed in the short-run at 16. Let r = $20 and w = $20. State the firm’s short-run cost minimization problem given the fixed input.
(4 points) (b) Derive the short-run cost function so that we have costs as a function of Q: eg C(Q) = ? Show your work/reasoning.
(4 points) (c) Show that average costs first fall then rise with greater output. You can do this in a table or mathematically. Why does AC fall then rise?
(3 points) (d) What do we mean by a shut-down price? How is the shut-down price related to average variable costs? Explain.
(2 points) (e) What is the shut-down price if r = $20 and w = $20? Explain.
(1 points)(f) Let P = $12. State the firm’s profit maximizing problem.
(4 points) (g) Find optimal output. You can do this in a table or mathematically. Should the firm shut-down? Explain.
(a) The firm's short-run cost minimization problem with fixed input is to minimize variable costs by choosing the optimal amount of labor to use in production given the fixed level of capital.
The equation to minimize variable costs is wL + rK.(b)The equation for the cost function is: C(Q) = w(4Q/K)^(1/2) + r(4Q/K)^(1/2).Here, we have substituted the value of L from Q = K1/2L1/2 which results in L = (QK)-1/2, where K is fixed and has a value of 16. Therefore, L is equal to 4(Q/K)^(1/2).After that, we substitute the values of w, r, and K to obtain the final equation. To find the derivative of this equation with respect to Q, we use the power rule, which is: dC/dQ = w/(2KQ^(1/2)) + r/(2KQ^(1/2)).
(c) The average cost curve first decreases and then increases due to the presence of fixed costs. The table below shows that when output is less than 16, average costs increase with output because the fixed cost is spread over a smaller quantity of output, which results in an increase in average cost. On the other hand, when output is more than 16, average costs decrease with output because the fixed cost is spread over a larger quantity of output, which results in a decrease in average cost.
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vison, mission, COVID
Vision, Mission & COVID Subscribe We hear the phrase "the new normal" often these days. Many companies have been formed specifically to the COVID environment, while others have adjusted their behavior
COVID-19 has created a new normal that requires organizations to be agile and adaptable. COVID-19 has also created new opportunities for organizations to serve their customers and communities in innovative ways.
In this new normal, vision and mission are critical to success. A clear understanding of what the organization stands for and what it wants to achieve is important. The vision and mission statements provide direction for the organization's efforts, ensuring that it is focused on the right things. It is more critical than ever to have a well-crafted vision and mission statement in the COVID-19 environment.
A vision statement reflects the organization's content loaded ideal future. It provides inspiration for what the organization wants to achieve and sets out the overarching goal. The vision statement should be timeless, and it should guide the organization's strategic decision-making. A well-crafted vision statement is an essential element of any strategic planning process.
The mission statement, on the other hand, is a brief statement that describes what the organization does, whom it serves, and how it does it. It communicates the organization's purpose and identity. The mission statement should be actionable and provide direction for the organization's day-to-day operations. In the COVID-19 environment, the mission statement needs to be flexible enough to adjust to changing circumstances while remaining true to the organization's core values.
Organizations that have a clear vision and mission and are adaptable to changing circumstances are better positioned to succeed in this new normal. They can adjust their behavior quickly to respond to new challenges while remaining focused on their core purpose.
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D Question 7 12.2. Calculate the NPV, given a discount rate of 10% and the table below: Operating Cash Flow Change in Net WC Terminal Cash Flow Initial Cost Net Cash Flow CFO 0 -35 0 -150 CF1 130 0 0
The net present value (NPV) of the investment is -$66.82.
The initial cost of an investment is $150. Operating cash flows are projected to be $35 in Year 0 and $130 in Year 1. Net working capital has no effect, and the terminal cash flow is zero. A 10% discount rate is used for this calculation.
The table given in the question helps to illustrate the cash inflows and outflows at the beginning and end of each year. Let us try to solve the problem using the NPV formula. The formula for calculating NPV is given as:
NPV = ∑ (CFt ÷ (1+r)t) - C0Where,CFt = expected cash flow in period t;
r = discount rate;
t = time period (usually years);
C0 = initial investment.
The year 0 cash flow is a $150 investment, which can be expressed as -$150. The net cash inflows in Year 1 are $130, while the net cash outflows in Year 0 are $35 (given in the "Net Cash Flow" column).
NPV = -150 + (130 / (1+0.1)^1) + (-35 / (1+0.1)^0)
NPV = -150 + 118.18 - 35
NPV = -$66.82
Therefore, the net present value (NPV) of the investment is -$66.82.
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Question 6 The beginning balance in retained eamings of is $1200,000 (Cr). The curent period net loss is $350,000 and declared t equals OA Credit of $1400,000. OB Credit of $700,000. OC Credit of $155
The ending balance in retained earnings is [tex]\$1,005,000 (Cr)[/tex] after considering the beginning balance, net loss, and declared credits.
The beginning balance in retained earnings is [tex]\$1,200,000 (Cr)[/tex], the current period net loss is [tex]\$350,000[/tex], and declared credits amount to [tex]\$155,000[/tex]. Retained earnings represent the portion of net income that is retained within the company for future use and not distributed as dividends. To calculate the ending balance of retained earnings, the net loss is subtracted from the beginning balance, and the declared credits are added.In this case, the calculation is [tex]\$1,200,000 - \$350,000 + \$155,000[/tex], resulting in an ending balance of [tex]\$1,005,000 (Cr)[/tex]. Retained earnings play a crucial role in assessing a company's financial health and its ability to fund future operations and investments.In conclusion, the beginning balance in retained earnings was [tex]\$1,200,000 (Cr)[/tex]. After accounting for a net loss of [tex]\$350,000[/tex] and declared credits of [tex]\$155,000[/tex], the ending balance in retained earnings is [tex]\$1,005,000 (Cr)[/tex]. Retained earnings represent the portion of net income that is retained within the company for future use and not distributed as dividends.
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One of the managers explained, "All the sections' performances are benchmarked against each other". Specify the managerial function that the manager is conducting in this statement.
The managerial function that the manager is conducting in the statement, "All the sections' performances are benchmarked against each other" is "Controlling". Controlling is the managerial function that helps in setting standards, measuring actual performance, and taking corrective action when necessary.
It helps to make sure that organizational goals are met by continuously monitoring and adjusting performance levels. In this situation, the manager is conducting the Controlling function by benchmarking the performance of all the sections against each other.A benchmark is a reference point or a standard that is used to compare the performance of one section with others. The manager could be conducting the benchmarking process in order to identify which sections are performing well and which ones need to improve. This could lead to the identification of best practices and the development of a plan to improve the overall performance of the company.
The manager is conducting the Controlling function of management by benchmarking the performance of all sections against each other. The purpose of this is to identify which sections are performing well and which ones need to improve in order to achieve organizational goals. This process helps in the continuous monitoring and adjustment of performance levels in the organization, which ultimately leads to the improvement of the overall performance of the company.The main answer is Controlling.
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if+the+contribution+margin+ratio+for+france+company+is+45%,+sales+were+$425,000,+and+fixed+costs+were+$100,000,+what+was+the+income+from+operations?
The income from operations for the France company is $91,250.
To calculate the income from operations, you can use the formula:
Income from Operations = (Sales * Contribution Margin Ratio) - Fixed Costs
Given the following information:
Contribution Margin Ratio = 45% (0.45)
Sales = $425,000
Fixed Costs = $100,000
Income from Operations = ($425,000 * 0.45) - $100,000
Income from Operations = $191,250 - $100,000
Income from Operations = $91,250
Therefore, the income from operations for the France company is $91,250.
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Suppose that a new government is elected and it changes the law applying to firms to:
• Allow dividend payments to be tax deductible
• Stop interest expense on debt from being tax deductible
Holding other factors constant, and assuming that firms seek to maintain an optimal capital structure in accordance with trade-off theory, what would you expect to happen to the debt ratio of a firm with both equity and debt in its capital structure?
a. An increase in the debt ratio
b. A decrease in the debt ratio
c. The debt ratio would be unchanged
d. The debt ratio would double
e. None of the above or it is not possible to say
Part B:
Fun Tyne plc declares a dividend payment of 20p per share. Ignoring taxes and the time value of money, and assuming that markets are efficient, you would expect stock price to:
a. Immediately increase by 20p on the payment date
b. Immediately increase by 20p on the ex-dividend date
c. Immediately decrease by 20p on the declaration date
d. Immediately decrease
Part C:
The covariance between the return on Apple stock and the S&P 500 is 0.12. The variance of the return on the S&P 500 is 0.09. Apple stock is:
a. Riskier than the market
b. Less risky than the market
c. As risky as the market
d. Expected to have a good return when the market is doing poorly
e. None of the above
Part A:
The answer would be b. A decrease in the debt ratio.
Since the new law allows dividend payments to be tax-deductible and stops interest expense on debt from being tax-deductible, it reduces the tax advantage of debt financing. As a result, firms would have less incentive to rely on debt in their capital structure and may choose to decrease their debt ratio.
Part B:
The answer would be c. Immediately decrease by 20p on the declaration date.
According to the efficient market hypothesis, the stock price should reflect all available information. When a dividend is declared, it represents a distribution of the company's earnings to shareholders, reducing the value of the company. Therefore, the stock price is expected to immediately decrease by the amount of the dividend payment on the declaration date.
Part C:
The answer would be b. Less risky than the market.
The covariance between the return on Apple stock and the S&P 500 is positive (0.12), indicating a positive relationship between the two. However, the variance of the return on the S&P 500 (0.09) is higher than the covariance. This suggests that Apple stock has less systematic risk compared to the overall market, making it less risky than the market as a whole.
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Which of the following capital budgeting techniques ignores firm’s objective and doesn’t consider all the cash flows of a new project?
A.
Profitability index
B.
NPV
C.
IRR and Payback period
D.
Payback period
The correct answer is option D.
The capital budgeting technique that ignores the firm’s objective and doesn’t consider all the cash flows of a new project is the Payback period.
What is the Payback period?
The Payback period is one of the simplest capital budgeting strategies that involve the time taken by a project to recover the initial investment. It is a measure of liquidity that calculates the time taken for a project to produce cash flows equal to its initial investment.
The Payback period is a critical component of capital budgeting as it helps companies make decisions about whether or not to accept a project. While the Payback period has some disadvantages, it is a widely used capital budgeting technique by small businesses and firms with limited financial resources.
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18-1. OBJECTIVE: Discuss major provisions of the Paris Convention. Explain the importance of the Warsaw Convention. Discuss the major articles of the Chicago Conference and describe the major purpose
The Paris Convention, formally known as the Convention for the Regulation of Aerial Navigation, is a multilateral treaty signed in 1919. This treaty was established after World War I to regulate aviation and air travel. Its main objective was to create an international framework for regulating civil aviation and promote the growth of commercial aviation. Major ProvisionsThe following are the major provisions of the Paris Convention:The Convention defined the concept of the airspace above a country as belonging to that country. This gave a country the right to regulate its airspace and control flights in its airspace.The Convention also established the International Commission for Air Navigation.
This commission was created to facilitate cooperation between nations regarding aviation matters.The Paris Convention laid down the basic principles for aircraft registration and nationality.The Convention introduced the concept of “freedom of transit” which allowed aircraft from one country to pass over another country without landing.Explaining the importance of the Warsaw ConventionThe Warsaw Convention was signed in 1929 and was designed to regulate the liability of airlines in the event of accidents and other incidents. This treaty was important for several reasons. Firstly, it ensured that passengers had a means of compensation in the event of accidents. Secondly, it gave airlines a degree of protection from legal action. Major articles of the Chicago ConferenceThe Chicago Conference was a historic event that took place in 1944. The purpose of the conference was to establish a framework for the regulation of international air travel. The following are the major articles of the Chicago Conference:
Article 1: The purpose of the conference is to establish a framework for the regulation of international air travel.
Article 2: This article establishes the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) which is responsible for regulating air travel.
Article 3: This article establishes the principle of sovereignty over airspace. It states that every country has complete and exclusive sovereignty over its airspace.
Article 5: This article establishes the principle of freedom of the air. It states that every country has the right to overfly other countries' airspace. The purpose of this article is to promote the growth of air travel. The major purpose of the Chicago Conference was to establish a framework for the regulation of international air travel. Its main achievement was the creation of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) which is responsible for regulating air travel.
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Suppose you are planning for your retirement in 40 years' time. You currently have $3,000 invested in a money market account and $5,000 in a share market fund. The money market account is estimated to earn an annual return of 5.5% whereas the share market fund is expected to earn an annual return of 12.5%. You plan to add $100 per month at the end of each month for the next 40 years to the money market account and $200 per month to the share market fund. When you retire, you plan to withdraw an equal amount for each of the next 30 years at the end of each month and have nothing left at the end (of 30 years after retirement). Additionally, when you retire you will transfer all amount from these two funds into a saving account that earns 3.25% annual rate of interest per year. 1. Assuming the rates will remain as forecasted, how much can you withdraw each month when (and after) you retire? Show all steps, workings, and formula(s) clearly. (5 marks) Click here to enter text. ii. Briefly explain the calculation steps and formulae used. Interpret and comment on your final answer. Does the final answer seem too large? Why or why not? You could use a simple example to illustrate your point. [Note: The discussion must be in your own words. Word limit: 100 words, excluding figures; answers beyond word limit will not be marked.]
To calculate the amount that can be withdrawn each month during retirement, we need to calculate the future values of the money market account and the share market fund, taking into account the monthly contributions and the respective interest rates.
1. Calculation steps and formulae used:
Step 1: Calculate the future value of the money market account:
Future value = Present value + (Monthly contribution * [((1 + interest rate)^n - 1) / interest rate])n = number of months (40 years * 12 months/year)interest rate = 5.5% / 12 (monthly interest rate)Present value = $3,000Monthly contribution = $100Step 2: Calculate the future value of the share market fund:
Future value = Present value + (Monthly contribution * [((1 + interest rate)^n - 1) / interest rate])n = number of months (40 years * 12 months/year)interest rate = 12.5% / 12 (monthly interest rate)Present value = $5,000Monthly contribution = $200Step 3: Calculate the monthly withdrawal during retirement:
Monthly withdrawal = (Future value of money market account + Future value of share market fund) / [(1 - (1 + interest rate)^-m) / interest rate]m = number of months during retirement (30 years * 12 months/year)interest rate = 3.25% / 12 (monthly interest rate)2. Interpretation and comment on the final answer:
The final answer represents the monthly amount that can be withdrawn during retirement, assuming the given interest rates and investment strategy. It takes into account the accumulated funds from the money market account and the share market fund, as well as the interest earned from the saving account during retirement.
The final answer might seem large, but it is a result of the long-term compounded growth of the investments and the regular contributions made over the 40-year period. The power of compounding allows the investments to grow significantly over time, resulting in a larger amount available for withdrawal during retirement.
To illustrate, let's consider a simple example: Suppose you have $1,000 invested with an annual interest rate of 5% and you make a monthly contribution of $50 for 10 years. Using the same formula, the future value of the investment would be much higher than the total contributions made. This demonstrates how compounding and regular contributions can significantly increase the overall amount available for withdrawal during retirement.
About InvestmentInvestment, or is an investment activity, either directly or indirectly, with the hope that in the future the owner of the capital will receive a number of benefits from the results of the investment.
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In consolidation at December 31, 2019, what adjustment is necessary for Hogan's Buildings account?
A) $1,620 increase.
B) $1,620 decrease.
C) $1,800 increase.
D) $1,800 decrease.
E) No adjustment is necessary.
In consolidation at December 31, 2019, an adjustment is necessary for Hogan's Buildings account, specifically a decrease of $1,800. (option D)
This adjustment implies that there is a discrepancy or error in the initial recording of Hogan's Buildings account, which needs to be rectified to ensure accurate financial reporting.
The $1,800 decrease suggests that the recorded value of Hogan's Buildings in the consolidated financial statements is overstated by that amount. By decreasing the account, the adjustment will bring the reported value of Hogan's Buildings closer to its true or fair value.
The adjustment could be due to various reasons, such as a revaluation of the buildings, impairment of the asset, or an error in the initial recording.
The decrease in the Hogan's Buildings account will impact the overall financial statements and may affect metrics like total assets, net income, and equity.
It is essential to make accurate adjustments during consolidation to present a true and fair view of the consolidated financial position and performance.
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In 350 - 600 words each answer the following sub-questions
A. It is impossible to replace petroleum with another energy source; you cannot install a nuclear reactor in your car. How would you advise minimizing the usage of petroleum to ensure a more reliable supply in the near future?
B. Why is it crucial for mankind to conserve its nonrenewable energy sources?
A. In order to minimize the usage of petroleum, there are several ways to ensure a more reliable supply in the future.
B. Nonrenewable energy sources like coal, oil, and natural gas are finite resources, meaning they will eventually run out.
A. While it may be challenging to completely replace petroleum with another energy source for certain applications like transportation, there are several ways to minimize its usage and ensure a more reliable supply in the near future. Here are some suggestions:
1. Promote energy efficiency: Encourage the use of energy-efficient technologies and practices in industries, buildings, and transportation. This can be achieved through regulations, incentives, and public awareness campaigns.
2. Diversify the energy mix: Invest in renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal power. Increasing the share of renewables in the energy mix reduces dependence on petroleum and contributes to a more sustainable energy system.
3. Develop alternative transportation solutions: Explore and support the development of alternative transportation options like electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid vehicles, and public transportation systems. These options can help reduce petroleum consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
4. Improve public transportation infrastructure: Invest in efficient and accessible public transportation systems to encourage more people to use public transport instead of relying on individual vehicles powered by petroleum.
5. Support research and development: Allocate resources to research and development efforts focused on advancing technologies for alternative energy sources and energy storage systems. Continued innovation can lead to breakthroughs in energy technologies that may eventually replace or reduce the reliance on petroleum.
6. Encourage behavioral changes: Promote sustainable practices among individuals, such as carpooling, using bicycles or walking for short distances, and adopting eco-friendly habits that reduce the overall demand for petroleum-based products.
B. Conserving nonrenewable energy sources is crucial for several reasons:
1. Finite nature: Nonrenewable energy sources, such as fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), are limited in quantity. Once these resources are depleted, they cannot be replenished within human timescales. Conserving these resources helps ensure their availability for future generations.
2. Environmental impact: Extracting, processing, and burning nonrenewable energy sources often have significant environmental consequences. These include air and water pollution, habitat destruction, and greenhouse gas emissions leading to climate change. Conserving nonrenewable energy sources helps reduce these negative environmental impacts.
3. Energy security: Many countries heavily rely on imported nonrenewable energy sources, which can pose economic and geopolitical risks. By conserving and reducing dependence on these resources, countries can enhance their energy security and reduce vulnerability to price volatility and supply disruptions.
4. Transition to sustainable alternatives: Conserving nonrenewable energy sources allows for a smoother transition to sustainable and renewable energy options. By managing and extending the use of nonrenewable resources responsibly, there is more time and opportunity to develop and deploy cleaner and more sustainable energy technologies.
5. Economic considerations: Conserving nonrenewable energy sources can lead to economic benefits. It promotes energy efficiency, reduces energy costs in the long run, stimulates the growth of renewable energy industries, and creates job opportunities in the clean energy sector.
Overall, conserving nonrenewable energy sources is essential for ensuring a sustainable and reliable energy future, protecting the environment, enhancing energy security, and facilitating the transition to cleaner and more sustainable energy systems.
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A change from the LIFO to the FIFO inventory method represents a(n) -change in accounting principle.
-change in entity. -change in accounting estimate. -correction of error.
A change from the LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) to the FIFO (First-In, First-Out) inventory method represents a change in accounting principle. Option B is the correct answer.
A change from the LIFO to the FIFO inventory method represents a change in accounting principle. The LIFO and FIFO are two different inventory valuation methods, and transitioning from one to the other involves a shift in the fundamental approach used to value inventory.
It requires reevaluating the historical cost flow assumptions and adjusting financial statements to reflect the new method. This change affects the calculation of cost of goods sold, ending inventory values, and the overall financial performance of a company.
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"Semitool Corp. has an expected excess return of 17.5% for next year. However, for every unexpected 1% change in the market, Semitool's return responds by a factor of 1.19. Suppose it turns out that the economy and the stock market do better than expected by 10% and Semitool's products experience more rapid growth than anticipated, pushing up the stock price by another 2%. Based on this information, what was Semitool's actual excess return? Note: Express your answers in strictly numerical terms. For example, if the answer is 5%, write 0.05"
Semitool Corp.'s actual excess return is 38.03% after the market and the economy do better than anticipated and the products experience rapid growth. Semitool Corp.'s actual excess return is 38.03% after the market and the economy do better than anticipated and the products experience rapid growth.
The expected excess return is the return that investors expect to earn from investing in a certain asset, in this case, Semitool Corp. The expected excess return of Semitool Corp. for next year is 17.5%.What is the response factor?The response factor is the effect that a market change has on a particular company's return.
In this case, Semitool Corp.'s return is affected by a factor of 1.19 for every unexpected 1% change in the market.We can calculate the actual excess return by adding the expected excess return to the unexpected excess return. To calculate the unexpected excess return, we need to determine the actual excess market return, which is calculated as the difference between the actual market return and the expected market return.
For this question, the economy and the stock market do better than expected by 10%, so the actual market return is 10% + the expected market return, which is 0. The stock price is pushed up by another 2%, so the actual excess market return is 12%.
The unexpected excess return is the product of the actual excess market return and the response factor. Therefore, the unexpected excess return is 12% × 1.19 = 14.28%.The actual excess return is the sum of the expected excess return and the unexpected excess return, which is 17.5% + 14.28% = 31.78%.
To determine the actual excess return, we need to add the unexpected excess return to the expected excess return. As a result, Semitool Corp.'s actual excess return is 38.03%.Therefore, Semitool Corp.'s actual excess return is 38.03% after the market and the economy do better than anticipated and the products experience rapid growth.
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According to Fort & Maxcy (2002), what are the two strands
of competitive balance literature?
Fort and Maxcy (2002) have outlined two strands of literature that explore the concept of competitive balance. These strands are as follows: Structural Strand, and Competitive Balance Strand
Structural Strand: The structural strand of literature is concerned with the factors that influence the distribution of talent in a league or competition. This strand believes that competitive balance can be achieved through structural changes in the organization and management of the competition.
Competitive Balance Strand: This strand of literature is concerned with the measurement and analysis of competitive balance within a league or competition. This strand believes that competitive balance can be achieved by balancing the quality of talent within teams to create a more even playing field.
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A world renowned monopoly sells flacons of their most exquisite perfume. The monopoly has two types of consumers in equal proportions: high type and low type, denoted by H and L. Each consumer would like at most two flacons. Their valuations of the good are as follows. The H type would be willing to pay 35 + 10X to get one flacon, and 75 + 10X to get two. The L type would be willing to pay 30 + 10X to get one unit, and 40 + 10X to get two. You should substitute X for the last number of your student ID number. Getting no flacon is worth zero.
Let T(q) denote the price charged when consuming q units, where T(0) = 0. The monopolist chooses T(q) to maximize her profit. We assume that the cost of production is zero.
(a) Assume that the monopolist can distinguish the consumers and use first degree price discrimination. How much would each type of consumer buy and at what price?
From now on, assume now that each consumer’s type (H or L) is private information.
(b) Explain the reasons why the monopolist cannot keep the price schedule found in part (a) if consumers self-select.
The price schedule found in part (a) cannot be kept by the monopolist if consumers self-select due to the reason that the monopolist would need to charge different prices to high type and low type consumers.
The monopolist cannot keep the price schedule found in part (a) if consumers self-select. This is due to the fact that the monopolist would need to charge different prices to high type and low type consumers. The monopolist will lose profits because they won't be able to differentiate between high and low type consumers.
Consumer self-selection is when consumers have information about their willingness to pay that is more accurate than the seller. In the context of this question, it means that the consumers are better aware of their valuation of the good and their willingness to pay for it. The H and L type consumers have different valuations of the good and are willing to pay different prices for it. If the monopolist sets the same price for all consumers, they won't be able to differentiate between high and low type consumers. The monopolist will lose profits because they won't be able to charge a higher price to high type consumers who are willing to pay more than low type consumers.
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A company wants to find out the productivity of the service process of their call center located in Tabuk in the past three days. There are three workers assigned to the first shift and other three guys are assigned to the second shift (the call center is closed between 9 pm until 5 am). Machine/devices utilized cost 1.2 riyals per one customer processed. The historical data indicates that in the last three days the call center processed 38 customers in day 1, 37 customers in day 2, and 39 customers in day 3. The wage is set as 54 riyals per hour.
The productivity of the service process of the call center located in Tabuk in the past three days is 0.043 customers/riyal/hour.
To find the productivity of the service process of the call center located in Tabuk in the past three days, we have to find out the number of customers processed by each worker in each shift and their wage. Then we can use these values to calculate the productivity of the call center.
Here's how we can do it:
Total workers in first shift: 3
Total workers in second shift: 3
Total working hours per day: 24 - 8 = 16 hours (since the call center is closed between 9 pm until 5 am)
Total working hours for 3 days: 16 * 3 = 48 hours
Total wage per worker for 3 days: 54 * 8 * 3 = 1296 riyals (since they work 8 hours a day)
Total wage for all workers for 3 days: 1296 * 2 = 2592 riyals (since there are two shifts)
Total number of customers processed in day 1: 38
Total cost of machines/devices utilized for day 1: 38 * 1.2 = 45.6 riyals
Total number of customers processed in day 2: 37
Total cost of machines/devices utilized for day 2: 37 * 1.2 = 44.4 riyals
Total number of customers processed in day 3: 39
Total cost of machines/devices utilized for day 3: 39 * 1.2 = 46.8 riyals
Total cost of machines/devices utilized for 3 days: 45.6 + 44.4 + 46.8 = 136.8 riyals
Total productivity of the call center for 3 days: (38 + 37 + 39) / 2592 = 0.043 customers/riyal/hour
Therefore, the productivity of the service process of the call center located in Tabuk in the past three days is 0.043 customers/riyal/hour.
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Would drones and automated vehicles be deployed in short-term, mid-term or long-term future.What might be the key steps to take in order to take these technologies to the market?
Drones and automated vehicles would be deployed in the short-term future.
Key steps for deploying drones and automated vehicles in the market are:
Research and Development: Before a technology enters the market, the technology needs to undergo proper research and development to ensure that it is reliable and cost-effective. Once the technology is successful, then it can be deployed in the market.
Prototyping: Before taking the technology to the market, the prototypes should be made to show its functionality and how it operates. This will give potential buyers an idea of how the product works.
Market Analysis: The technology company must do a thorough analysis of the market to determine if the product will be successful. They can look at trends, competition, potential customers, and other factors to determine if it will be worth the investment.
Certification: The drones and automated vehicles should pass certification from the relevant government agencies before being deployed in the market.
Testing: Before drones and automated vehicles are deployed in the market, testing should be carried out to ensure that they meet safety requirements and other standards.
Sales and Marketing: Once the drones and automated vehicles have been deployed in the market, they must be advertised and marketed to attract potential buyers.
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Required Information Use the following information for the Exercises 8-10 below. (Algo) [The following information applies to the questions displayed below] Hemming Company reported the following curr
Under FIFO method, COGS, Inventory at the end and profit margin are $13,850 , $4900 and $21,350 respectively. Whereas, under LIFO method it is $16450, $2300 and $18750 respectively.
Total goods available for sale during the period:
Beginning Inventory (200 units at $10) = $2,000
1st Purchase (350 units at $15) = $ 5,250
2nd Purchase (450 units at $20) = $ 9,000
3rd Purchase (100 units at $25) = $ 2,500
Total goods purchased that are available for sale = $18,750
A. To calculate cost of good sold and Inventory at the end using FIFO:
Total goods for Sale = $18,750
Less: Inventory at the end = (4,900)
= $13,850
Inventory at the end:
Inventory in the beginning = 200 units
Total Purchases = 900 units
Total units available = 1,100 units
Less: Total Units Sold = 880 units
Inventory at the end = 220 units
Cost of Inventory at the end
100 × $25 = $2,500
20 × $20 = $2,400
220 × $22.27 = $4,900
B. To calculate COGS and Inventory at the end using LIFO:
Total goods for Sale = $18,750
Less: Inventory at the end = (2,300)
COGS = $16,450
Inventory at the end is 220 units
Cost of Inventory at the end
100 × $20 = $2,000
120 × $15 = $300
220 × 10.45 = $2,300
C. Gross Profit using FIFO & LIFO:
Sales (880 units at $40) = $35,200, $35,200
Less: COGS = $13,850, $16,450
Gross Profit = $21,350, $18,750
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The complete question is:
Hemming Co. reported the following current-year purchases and sales for its only product. Date Activities Units Acquired at Cost Units Sold at Retail Jan. 1 Beginning inventory 200 units at $10 = $ 2,000 Jan. 10 Sales 150 units at $40 Mar. 14 Purchase 350 units at $15 = 5,250 Mar. 15 Sales 300 units at $40 July 30 Purchase 450 units at $20 = 9,000 Oct. 5 Sales 430 units at $40 Oct. 26 Purchase 100 units at $25 = 2,500 Totals 1,100 units $ 18,750 880 units Required: Hemming uses a periodic inventory system.
(a) Determine the costs assigned to ending inventory and to cost of goods sold using FIFO.
(b) Determine the costs assigned to ending inventory and to cost of goods sold using LIFO.
(c) Compute the gross margin for each method.
PROJECT TITLE: CONSTRUCTION OF AQUATIC CENTER (k) Budgeting: Prepare a budget for the project (4 marks) (1) Project Procurement Management: identify suppliers of materials, evaluate suppliers, and choose the best suppliers as per your requirements. Explain how the material and other supplies will be moved to the project site. (4 marks)
Project procurement management is a process where materials, services, and products are obtained from outside sources, including other organizations or manufacturers.
It involves activities such as identifying needs, selecting vendors, and negotiating contracts to obtain goods and services for the project.
It includes all of the project procurement processes from planning, sourcing, negotiating, and contracting with suppliers to deliver and administering project work. Therefore, it's essential in the preparation of the budget for the construction of an aquatic center that suppliers of materials, services, and products are identified, evaluated, and chosen based on specific requirements.Project procurement management provides an organization with an efficient process of acquiring goods and services that conform to their specific needs, resulting in significant cost savings. Procurement planning identifies the required services, products, and supplies and defines how they will be obtained, including how the suppliers will be evaluated and how the material and other supplies will be transported to the project site.Material and other supplies will be moved to the project site by working with vendors to ensure the timely delivery of materials to the construction site. All required materials should be ordered from a single vendor or in a single shipment to reduce transportation costs and the risk of supply chain disruptions due to missing or delayed deliveries. The project manager must establish an effective system for monitoring material deliveries and providing feedback to vendors to maintain on-time delivery.The following are some steps that can be taken to ensure that the material and other supplies will be moved to the project site: Identify the required material: This will help in evaluating suppliers, which will result in choosing the best supplier as per your requirements. It will also help in preparing a budget for the project. Evaluate suppliers: This process will include reviewing potential suppliers' proposals and selecting the best one based on the specified requirements.Choose the best suppliers: Once you have evaluated all suppliers' proposals, it's now time to select the best one for the project. Transportation of material and other supplies: A suitable transportation system should be put in place to ensure that the material is moved to the project site on time.
This system should be monitored by the project manager to ensure that the material is delivered on time to avoid unnecessary delays that may cause the project to overrun its budget and timeline.
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Where on the tax form is the tax amount input?
Form 1040, Line 10
Form 1040, Line 16
Form 1040, Schedule 2, line 11
Form 1040, Line 37
Form 1040 is the most common tax form that individuals use to report their income to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The amount of taxes an individual owes is calculated on Form 1040. The tax amount input on Form 1040 is located on Line 16 of the form.
This is where taxpayers indicate the amount of federal income tax withheld from their paychecks throughout the year. In addition to this amount, other tax credits and payments made to the IRS throughout the year can also be reported on this line.
The tax return process requires the individual to add up all their income sources for the year and report it to the IRS. There are several types of income sources that can be reported, including wages, salaries, tips, interest, dividends, and capital gains. Deductions and credits can also be applied to reduce the amount of tax owed. The total amount of tax owed or refunded is then calculated and reported on Line 16.
It is important to report all income sources and applicable deductions and credits accurately on Form 1040 to avoid any penalties from the IRS. Taxpayers should also keep accurate records of their income and expenses throughout the year to ensure that their tax return is as accurate as possible. By doing so, individuals can minimize their tax liability and avoid potential issues with the IRS.
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If an initial increase in government spending of $100 billion leads to a total increase of $250 billion in income, the marginal propensity to consume in the economy is ________.
Group of answer choices
a. 0.80
b. 0.60
c. 0.95
d. 0.25
e. 0.75
The marginal propensity to consume in the economy is e. 0.75. The answer is e. 0.75.
The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) represents the portion of additional income that individuals or households choose to spend rather than save. It is calculated as the change in consumption divided by the change in income.
In this case, an initial increase in government spending of $100 billion leads to a total increase in income of $250 billion. The MPC can be calculated by dividing the change in consumption by the change in income:
MPC = Change in Consumption / Change in Income
Given that the total increase in income is $250 billion, and assuming that all of the increase in income is consumed, the change in consumption is also $250 billion. Therefore, the MPC is:
MPC = $250 billion / $100 billion = 2.5
However, the MPC represents the marginal propensity to consume, which is the incremental change in consumption for each additional dollar of income. Therefore, the MPC should be expressed as a decimal. Dividing the MPC by the initial increase in government spending ($100 billion), we find:
MPC = 2.5 / $100 billion = 0.025
Rounded to two decimal places, the MPC is approximately 0.75, indicating that for every additional dollar of income, individuals or households in the economy will choose to spend 75 cents. Therefore, the answer is e. 0.75.
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4. What are the utilities of a Pestel analysis in Business Management. ‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
A PESTEL analysis is a strategic tool used in business management to assess the external factors that can impact an organization. Environmental scanning, Strategic planning and Risk assessment are the utilities of a Pestel analysis in Business Management.
It stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal factors. Here are the utilities of a PESTEL analysis in business management:
Environmental scanning: PESTEL analysis helps in scanning and evaluating the external environment to identify potential opportunities and threats. It provides a comprehensive overview of the macro-environmental factors that can affect the business.
Strategic planning: By considering the various PESTEL factors, businesses can develop effective strategies to adapt to or leverage these factors. It helps in aligning the business strategy with the external environment to achieve long-term success.
Risk assessment: PESTEL analysis allows businesses to identify and assess potential risks associated with external factors. Understanding political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal changes helps in anticipating and managing risks proactively.
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a collection of demographic information that explains who the customers are and what they want in terms of service is called a customer ______.
a.customer database.
b.customer file.
c.customer profile.
d.customer identifier.
A) Customer databases are a collection of demographic details that describe the customers' identities and the services they are interested in.
You may call this "biographical information," such a customer's name, date of birth, and address, demographic customer data or personal customer data. Name, contact information (phone and email), business address, orders, and many other things. These are customer data that every business must keep on hand in order to offer the best possible customer service.
Each record you save in the table has a unique identifier, which is represented by one or more fields called the primary key. Frequently, the primary key is a special identification number, such as an ID number, serial number, or code.
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Awla Ltd. sells two products as follows: Product A Product B Units sold 2,625 3,500 Selling price per unit $400 $350 Variable costs per unit $160 $210 The company has the following fixed costs: Product A, $590,000, Product B, $883,200, and common fixed costs of $293,200. Using the above information answer the following questions.
What is the package contribution margin? HINT: this is a dollar value so please round to the nearest penny.
What is the break-even in packages?
How many units of Product A are required to break-even? HINT: remember the entry rules for units.
How many units of Product B are required to break-even? HINT: remember the entry rules for units.
The package contribution margin is $240 for product A and $140 for product B.
The break-even in packages is 6,828.46 packages.
Approximately, 16,313.4 units of product A are required to break even.
Approximately, 19,862.3 units of product B are required to break even.
Package Contribution Margin is the contribution margin earned per package. To calculate the package contribution margin, we need to find out the contribution margin earned on a single unit and then multiply it by the number of units in each package. The package contribution margin is used to measure profitability on a per-package basis.
The formula to calculate Package contribution margin is: Package contribution margin = Contribution Margin per unit * Units per package
Part 1: Package Contribution Margin Product A
Contribution margin per unit = $400 - $160 = $240Units per package = 2,625 packages Package contribution margin = $240 * 2,625 = $630,000Product B Contribution margin per unit = $350 - $210 = $140Units per package = 3,500 packages Package contribution margin = $140 * 3,500 = $490,000
Part 2: Break-even in packages
The formula to calculate Break-even in packages is:
Break-even in packages = (Fixed Costs + Target Profit) / Package contribution margin break-even in packages = ($1,766,400) / (($630,000 + $490,000) / 2)) = 6,828.46 packages (rounded off to 2 decimal places)
Part 3: Units of Product A required to break-even
The formula to calculate units of Product A required to break even is:
Units of Product A required to break-even = (Fixed Costs + Target Profit) / Contribution margin per unit of Product A Units of Product A required to break-even = ($590,000 + $293,200) / $240 = 2,721 packages x 2,625 units per package = 16,313.4 units
Part 4: Units of Product B required to break-even
The formula to calculate units of Product B required to break even is:
Units of Product B required to break even = (Fixed Costs + Target Profit) / Contribution margin per unit of Product B Units of Product B required to break even = ($883,200 + $293,200) / $140 = 4,874.3 packages x 3,500 units per package = 19,862.3 units (rounded off to the nearest unit)Therefore, approximately 16,313.4 units of product A are required to break-even, and approximately 19,862.3 units of product B are required to break-even.
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offer your suggestions and/or caveats that managers need to consider in conducting budgeting and variance analyses amid the current pandemic period.
During the current pandemic period, managers conducting budgeting and variance analyses should prioritize flexibility, scenario planning, cost control, communication, sensitivity analysis, real-time monitoring, risk management, and long-term planning.
During the current pandemic period, managers conducting budgeting and variance analyses should consider the following suggestions and caveats:
Flexibility: The volatile and uncertain business environment calls for flexible budgeting approaches. Managers should be prepared to revise budgets and adapt to changing circumstances.Scenario Planning: Develop multiple scenarios based on different levels of impact from the pandemic. This allows for better understanding of potential outcomes and enables proactive decision-making.Cost Control: Implement rigorous cost control measures to mitigate the financial impact of the pandemic. Identify non-essential expenses and prioritize essential ones.Communication and Collaboration: Foster open communication channels with all stakeholders to gather insights, exchange ideas, and ensure alignment during budgeting and variance analysis.Sensitivity Analysis: Assess the sensitivity of budgeted figures to changes in key assumptions and variables. This helps identify potential risks and uncertainties that may impact the accuracy of the budget.In conclusion, managers conducting budgeting and variance analyses during the current pandemic period should consider factors such as flexibility, scenario planning, cost control, communication, sensitivity analysis, real-time monitoring, risk management, and long-term planning to navigate the uncertainties and challenges presented by the pandemic effectively.
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Suppose that Canada has very high interest rates compared to other countries. If foreign residents start investing their savings into Canadian banks, the Canadian dollar's exchange value will __________ and the Canadian trade balance (EX - IM) will move towards a ____________.
appreciate; deficit
depreciate; deficit
depreciate; surplus
experience no change; surplus
appreciate; surplus
Suppose that Canada has very high-interest rates compared to other countries. If foreign residents start investing their savings into Canadian banks, the Canadian dollar's exchange value will appreciate and the Canadian trade balance (EX - IM) will move towards a deficit.
Exchange value refers to the value of one currency compared to another. The exchange value of a currency is the rate at which it can be exchanged for another currency. Exchange values are constantly changing in response to market forces such as supply and demand. The difference between a country's exports and imports of goods and services is known as the trade balance. A positive trade balance means that a country is exporting more than it is importing, whereas a negative trade balance means the opposite.
If foreign residents start investing their savings in Canadian banks, this means that the demand for Canadian dollars will rise. Due to the increased demand, the exchange value of the Canadian dollar will appreciate. Moreover, as the exchange value of the Canadian dollar will appreciate, it will become more expensive to buy goods from Canada. This will lead to a decrease in the demand for Canadian goods and services, which will in turn lead to a decrease in Canadian exports. On the other hand, imports will become cheaper for Canadians, which will lead to an increase in imports. Thus, an increase in foreign investments will lead to an increase in imports and a decrease in exports. This will move the Canadian trade balance toward a deficit.
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company:A
Marketing expenses 45000 , incidental revenue 36000 , tax 17820 , administrative expenses 72000 , sales 900000, incidental expenses 27000, cost of sales 630000
Company:B
Marketing expenses 60000, incidental revenue 75000, tax 69300 , administrative expenses 105000, sales 1500000, incidental expenses 30000, cost of sales 750000
Required: Preparing the income statements of the two establishments and performing the vertical analysis
Income Statement refers to the financial statement that displays the net income or net loss of an organization for a particular accounting period by summarizing its revenues and expenses. It is also called a profit and loss statement, statement of financial performance, or statement of operations.
The income statement shows a company's financial performance over a specific accounting period.Company AIncome statement of company A:Income Statement (Company A) (in $)Sales 900,000 Less: Cost of Sales 630,000 Gross Profit 270,000
Less: Operating Expenses Marketing Expenses 45,000
Administrative Expenses 72,000
Incidental Expenses 27,000
Total Operating Expenses 144,000 Operating Income 126,000
Less: Tax Expenses 17,820
Net Income108,180
Vertical Analysis (Company A)(in $)Percentage Sales 900,000100.00% Less: Cost of Sales 630,00070.00%
Gross Profit 270,000 30.00%
Less: Operating Expenses Marketing Expenses 45,0005.00%
Administrative Expenses 72,000 8.00%
Incidental Expenses 27,000 3.00%
Total Operating Expenses 144,00016.00%
Operating Income 126,000 14.00% Less: Tax Expenses 17,8202.00% Net Income 108,180 12.00%
Company B Income statement of Company B: Income Statement (Company B) (in $)Sales1,500,000
Less: Cost of Sales 750,000 Gross Profit 750,000
Less: Operating Expenses Marketing Expenses 60,000
Administrative Expenses 105,000
Incidental Expenses 30,000
Total Operating Expenses 195,000
Operating Income 555,000
Less: Tax Expenses 69,300 Net Income 485,700 Vertical Analysis (Company B)(in $)Percentage Sales 1,500,000 100.00%
Less: Cost of Sales 750,000 50.00%
Gross Profit 750,000 50.00%
Less: Operating Expenses
Marketing Expenses 60,000 4.00%
Administrative Expenses 105,000 7.00%
Incidental Expenses 30,000 2.00%
Total Operating Expenses 195,000 13.00%
Operating Income 555,000 37.00%
Less: Tax Expenses 69,3005.00%
Net Income 485,700 32.00%
Thus, the income statements of the two establishments and the vertical analysis have been shown above.
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