Let's say a company formerly offers shelving for $40 per, with a $10 production cost (variable costs). The company's $3,000 fixed costs during the time period. 100 units are needed to the break-even point.
Numerous aspects of business and finance make use of breakeven points. It is the output level when total production income and total production expenses are equal in accounting terms. The breakeven point in investment is the moment when the initial cost and the market price are equal.
In this case, there are $2,000 in fixed costs, $20 in unit costs, and $10 in variable costs. After rearranging the formula and accounting for a breakeven point net profit of zero dollars, we discover that the breakeven point quantity is equal to the fixed costs divided by the difference between the variable cost and unit price.
Thus, $3,000 / ($40/unit - $10/unit) = 100 units at the break-even point.
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according to research involving business customers, the number-one characteristic found to define a world-class salesperson is someone who:
According to research involving business customers, the number-one characteristic found to define a world-class salesperson is someone who personally oversees the customer's pleasure by taking responsibility for the intended outcomes.
In sales, trade, and economics, a customers is the person who receives an item, service, product, or idea from a seller, vendor, or supplier in exchange for money or another useful consideration. A customer is also referred to as a client, buyer, or purchaser. Early communities relied on a favor-based gift economy. Later, as commerce grew, human relationships were less long-lasting and more dependent on momentary necessities than on persistent social desires. Clients are people who receive individualized advice and answers, whereas customers are typically thought of as those who purchase goods and services. The word "client" comes from the Latin word "clientus," which means "to incline" or "to bend." It is related to the sentimental concept of closure. It is generally accepted that people only alter their routines when driven by fear and greed. Since gaining a client is a one-time event, specialists who deal with specific problems are more likely to draw long-term clients than transient ones. Long-term customers purchase based on experience and trust as opposed to ordinary customers, who just consider price and value.
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what are Budgets ....
Answer: Budgets is an estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time. The term budget refers to an estimation of revenue and expenses over a specified future period of time and is usually compiled and re-evaluated on a periodic basis. Budgets can be made for any entity that wants to spend money, including governments and businesses, along with people and households at any income level.
To manage your monthly expenses, prepare for life's unpredictable events, and be able to afford big-ticket items without going into debt, budgeting is important. Keeping track of how much you earn and spend doesn't have to be drudgery, doesn't require you to be good at math, and doesn't mean you can't buy the things you want. It just means that you'll know where your money goes, and you'll have greater control over your finances
Explanation:
A budget is an estimation of revenue and expenses over a specified future period of time and is utilized by governments, businesses, and individuals at any income level.
A budget is basically a financial plan for a defined period, normally a year that is known to greatly enhance the success of any financial undertaking.
Corporate budgets are essential for operating at peak efficiency.
Aside from earmarking resources, a budget can also aid in setting goals, measuring outcomes, and planning contingencies.
Personal budgets are extremely useful in managing an individual's or family's finances over both the short and long-term horizon.
Hope this was helpful
Answer:A budget is a financial document used to project future income and expenses. To put it simply, a budget plans future saving and spending as well as planned income and expenses.
a novation requires a. the existence of a previous, valid obligation. b. consideration greater than $5,000. c. performance of the original contract by all of the parties. d. an accord and satisfaction.
A novation requires performance of the original contract by all of the parties.
Under the context of contracts and commercial law, novation refers to the act of replacing one duty with another, introducing a new obligation, or changing one party from one to another in an agreement.
A sovereign state may novate territory by "gradually transforming a claim in foreign territory into complete sovereignty without any formal or clear instrument to that purpose interfering," according to international law. The word is seldom ever used in English law; instead, a new debtor or creditor's replacement is often referred to as an assignment and a new contract as a merger.
Hence the correct option is C.
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according to the electronic communications privacy act, when can an employer legally intercept and monitor oral and wire communications of employees?
An employer legally intercepts and monitors oral and wire communications of employees when there is a legitimate business reason for doing so.
The Electronic Communications Privacy Act and the Put away Wire Electronic Communications Act are usually alluded together as the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) of 1986. The ECPA refreshed the Federal Wiretap Act of 1968, which tended to block attempt of discussions utilizing "hard" phone lines, however didn't have any significant bearing to capture of PC and other computerized and electronic communications. A few resulting bits of regulation, including The USA PATRIOT Act, explain and refresh the ECPA to stay up with the development of new communications advancements and techniques, remembering facilitating limitations for policing to put away communications at times.
The ECPA, as changed, safeguards wire, oral, and electronic communications while those communications are being made, are on the way, and when they are put away on PCs. The Act applies to email, phone discussions, and information put away electronically.
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according to the leader-member exchange (lmx) theory, the type of what, leaders have with their followers (members of the organization), is key to understanding how leaders influence employees?
The dyadic leader-member exchange (LMX) theory is a relationship-based leadership theory. This idea holds that the strength of the exchange connection that develops between leaders and their followers is what defines leadership.
A leadership style called transactional leadership, which is often referred to as managerial leadership, uses rewards and penalties to ensure that employees perform to their full potential. An exchange or transaction serves as the foundation of the transactional executive leadership concept. This theory, often referred to as LMX or the Vertical Dyad Linkage Theory, examines how team members and leaders form ties and explains how those interactions may either promote or inhibit progress. The purpose of the LMX theory is to clarify how leadership influences individuals, groups, and organisations. Consequently.
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for her sales presentation, myra wants to design a chart which shows how much faster wounds heal when protected with solosite, a water-based ointment. to create the most effective chart, she should
For her sales presentation, myra wants to design a chart which shows how much faster wounds heal when protected with solosite, a water-based ointment. to create the most effective chart, she should- None of the above
A sales pitch is another name for a sales presentation. It is a stream of reasoning meant to convince someone or something. It aids in the opening and closing stages of a presentation plan for a good or service. The four categories—memorized (structured), persuasive selling (semi-structured), need-satisfaction (unstructured), and problem-solution (centralized)—are typically presented in a zig-zag manner to leave plenty of room for the additional details.To know more about Sales here
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As per the _____ , the entity will remain in operation for the foreseeable future.
A. cost principle
B. economic entity
C. going concern
D. monetary
As per the going concern principle the entity will remain in operation for the foreseeable future.
An accounting theory known as the going concern assumption can be used to assess a company's financial stability. One of the fundamental tenets of generally accepted accounting standards is this (GAAP).When an auditor reports a negative going concern during an audit, it means they believe the firm will have to close its doors within the following 12 months due to financial constraints.This concept assumes that an entity will continue to operate for the foreseeable future an further also ensuring that the company will not be compelled to suspend operations and liquidate its assets in the near future at what may be very low fire-sale prices. Taking this in account the accountant is justified in delaying the recognition of some costs to a later period, when the entity is presumably still in operation and making the best use of its assets.
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for two months in a row, aaron realizes he has a budget deficit of roughly $175. which of these options makes the most sense for him to fix his problem?
Aaron can fix budget deficit by a. Cancel his cable TV subscription and go out to dinner three fewer times each month with friends.
What is Budget Deficit?When spending exceed income, there is a budget deficit, which is a sign of a nation's financial stability. Instead of enterprises or individuals, the term is frequently used to allude to government spending.
Budget deficits have an impact on a country's overall debt, annual budget deficit total, and total amount owed to creditors.
Tax increases and spending reductions are two ways that nations might deal with budget problems.
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Complete Question:
For two months in a row, Aaron realizes he has a budget deficit of roughly $175. which of these options makes the most sense for him to fix his problem?
a. Cancel his cable TV subscription and go out to dinner three fewer times each month with friends
b. Start paying just the minimum monthly payment on his student loan and credit card debt, instead of the extra he's been contributing
c. Contribute $100 less to savings each month and $75 less to his retirement fund
d. Sell his current car and get a less expensive vehicle
transactions that don’t increase or decrease cash, but that result in significant investing and financing activities, are reported either directly after the cash flow statement or in a separate note to the financial statements as noncash activities.
This statement is true: Transactions that don’t increase or decrease cash, but that result in significant investing and financing activities, are reported either directly after the cash flow statement or in a separate note to the financial statements as non-cash activities.
All investing or financing activities that don't generate cash flows must be disclosed separately under ASC 230. This disclosure may be presented in tabular or narrative style. According to what is necessary, the noncash operations may appear in other footnotes, a distinct footnote, or even on the same page as the statement of cash flows.
Examples of non-cash investing and financing transactions are given in ASC 230-10-50-4:
shifting from debt to equityacquiring productive assets by taking on liabilities that are closely tiedacquiring something through a financing lease 1Getting a gift of a building or investment assetA non-cash asset or liability is exchanged for another non-cash asset or liability.Know more about non-cash investing:
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Scamming is a national issue; in fact, the vast majority of scamming schemes come from within the United States which make it extremely easy to trace and control. t or f
True theft/larceny occurs when someone or something takes money or property or uses it in an illegal way with the intention of profiting from it. This includes financial crimes such as fraud Scamming.
How widespread is fraud?Every year, one in ten adults in the US become the victim of a scam or fraud. Identity theft affects 1.3 million kids each year. Theft of your wallet increases your risk of being a victim of identity fraud more than online fraud does.
Threat and penalty scams: what are they?Threat and penalty scams—also known as extortion schemes—occur when con artists use threats of harm (emotional or bodily), arrest, legal action, or other demands as leverage.
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what are intangible assets, what costs associated with them are capitalized and how are they amortized. also, how do you determine if they have been impaired?
Intangible assets, such as patents and trademarks, are amortized into an expense account called amortization. Tangible assets are instead written off through depreciation.
An intangible asset is an asset that lacks physical substance. Examples are patents, copyrights, franchises, goodwill, trademarks, and trade names, as well as software. This is in contrast to physical assets (machinery, buildings, etc.) and[1] financial assets (government securities, etc.). Intangible assets are usually very difficult to value. They suffer from the typical market failures of non-rivalry and non-excludability.[A large part of a company's economic value (NPV) today is made up of intangible assets.
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tasha invests $5,000 at 6% annual interest and an additional $5,000 at 8% annual interest. thomas invests $10,000 at 7% annual interest. which stateme
Tasha's investment will generate more over time since the 8% rate of return leads the entire sum to grow quicker.
What is the connection between investment and interest rate?The interest rate and investment have an inverse relationship. If the interest rate is high, individuals will take fewer loans from banks and have less money to invest in the business, whereas if the interest rate is low, people will take more loans from banks and have more money to invest in the firm. When interest rates rise, stock prices tend to decline due to fewer future earnings. Rising interest rates contribute to higher inflation, which has an effect on the stock market. To weather stock market downturns, investors must establish a diverse portfolio. Interest rate changes can have a major impact on several types of investments. Some stock values may fall as corporations pay more for loans and raw materials.
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Answer:
D: Tasha’s investment will yield more over many years because the amount invested at 8% causes the overall total to increase faster.
Explanation:
internal controls have at least three specific objectives in regards to fraud. which of the following is not one of those objectives? a. detection b. mitigation c. deterrence d. prevention
The concept given here is Internal Control. The answer is option C, mitigation.
Internal control is a process, effected by an reality's board of directors, operation, and other labor force, designed to give reasonable assurance. That information is dependable, accurate, and timely.
Of compliance with applicable laws, regulations, contracts, programs, and procedures. The primary purpose of internal controls is to help guard an association and further its objects.
Internal controls serve to minimize pitfalls and cover means, insure the delicacy of records, promote functional effectiveness, and encourage adherence to programs, rules, regulations, and laws.
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the required reserves of a bank equal its ________ the required reserve ratio.
The required reserves of a bank equal to its deposits multiplied by the required reserve ratio.
The reserve ratio of the commercial bank is the portion of reservable liabilities that the bank must hold on instead of to invest or lend out. The reserve ratio of the commercial banks is determined by the country's central bank and all the commercial banks in that country are bound to keep that reserve ratio for smooth running of the economy. Reserve ratio is also called the cash reserve ratio.
The minimum amount that a commercial bank must hold as directed by the central bank is called reserve requirement or required reserve. The required reserve ratio is sometimes used by bankers synonymously with the cash reserve ratio or reserve ratio.
To calculate the required reserve of a bank, the formula is given below:
Required reserve of bank = Deposits x Required Reserve Ratio.
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what is double-entry accounting? a a budgeting method where you plan for double every expected expense to ensure that you never budget less than you need. b a budgeting method where you record your earnings twice: once to track where your money is going, and once to decide what it is for. c a department at most companies that handles all the money and tracks receipts. d a way to double-check y
Double-entry accounting is a budgeting method where you record your earnings twice: once to track where your money is going, and once to decide what it is for.
Every transaction is recorded in two accounts one for a debit and one for a credit in a double-entry bookkeeping system. Businesses can record transactions in double-entry accounting using any combination of the five categories of accounts: assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, expenses, gains, and losses. Debits are shown on the left side of each journal entry while credits are listed on the right.
Double-entry accounting lowers mistakes and increases the likelihood that your accounts will balance. Double-entry accounting has several advantages for businesses since it not only lowers mistakes but also aids in financial reporting and thwarts fraud.
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a historical summary of the publicly recorded documents that affect the ownership of a property is known as a(n): group of answer choices
A historical summary of the publicly recorded documents which affect the ownership of a property is known as an Abstract of Title. The correct answer is option C.
What is the Abstract of Title?Abstract of Title is a summary giving details of the title deeds and documents which prove an owner's right to dispose of land, together with any encumbrances which relate to the property.
Abstract of Title is important for purchasers or investors of a property as a summary of a title’s status to ensure clear title and to validate its provenance.
The abstract of title will also record outstanding liens against the property, back taxes owed, or unresolved building code violations.
Although part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this full question: A historical summary of the publicly recorded documents that affect the ownership of a property is known as a(n): group of answer choices: a) Estate; b) Deed; c) Abstract of title; d) Lien.
Hence, the correct answer is option C.
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which is the false statement regarding voting rights of variable annuity contract owners? owners can vote for:
The false statement regarding the voting rights of variable annuity contract owners is: "owners can vote for operating management of the underlying mutual fund".
This is false because variable annuity owners do not have the right to vote for the operating management of the underlying mutual fund.
A variable annuity is a type of investment that allows individuals to invest in a portfolio of investments, such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. The return on the investment depends on the performance of the underlying investments. Variable annuities offer tax-deferred growth, meaning that taxes are not due until the annuity is withdrawn.
Mutual funds are investment funds that are managed by professional fund managers. They are composed of a pool of money from a variety of investors and allow for diversification across a wide range of investments. Mutual funds are typically actively managed and have a variety of fees associated with them. Returns on mutual funds depend on the performance of the underlying investments.
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if a small increase in the price of a good reduces quantity demanded to zero, demand is and the price elasticity of demand is equal to . group of answer choices perfectly elastic; infinity unit elastic; one perfectly inelastic; zero perfectly elastic; zero
Demand and price elasticity of demand are both completely elastic if a small price rise causes the quantity desired of an item to decrease to zero.
The correct option is a.
A good or service's price elasticity of demand is calculated by dividing the percentage change in the amount sought by the percentage change in the price. The ratio of the percentage change in quantity supplied to the percentage change in price is the price elasticity of supply.
Comparing changes in consumption to price changes is price elastic demand. Price elasticity of demand gauges how much a change in price affects how much an item is consumed. It is computed by subtracting the percent change in price from the percent change in consumption.
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what is the set of rewards that organizations provide to individuals in return for their willingness to perform various jobs and tasks within the organization?
Compensation is the set of rewards that organizations provide to individuals in return for their willingness to perform various jobs and tasks within the organization.
Compensation is the set of rewards that organizations provide to individuals in return for their willingness to perform various jobs and tasks within the organization.
A representative can be a utilized by a characterized as a person boss of work to perform explicit undertakings, obligations or capabilities in an association.
Fundamentally, a worker is burdened with the obligation of offering explicit types of assistance to the association or organization where he is right now utilized while being paid a specific measure of cash hourly, everyday, week by week, or month to month relying upon the legally binding understanding between the two gatherings (boss and representative).
Thus, while a business might be the proprietor of a business firm or organization, a representative is a subordinate utilized to offer steadfast types of assistance to the business while likewise, being proficient and determined consistently.
A correspondence standard alludes to a prize framework where the business or human asset chief choose to redress or pay the whole labor force a similar measure of cash without separation or bias.
Fundamentally, it's paid paying little mind to individual efficiency levels, to elevate the capacity to work really in gatherings.
In any case, one of the determinants of workers' eagerness to apply exertion is how much they esteem the prizes presented by the association. These prizes ordinarily incorporates pay, additional time, transportation (vehicle), house, annuity, medical care, remittances, and so forth.
Consequently, the eagerness of a representative to place in his best at his work environment by applying more exertion, is generally subject to the prize framework planned and being executed in the association.
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the political, economic, demographic, sociocultural, technological, and legal factors that affect a company's ability to meet its marketing goals are all part of
The marketing environment is made up of the political, economic, demographic, sociocultural, technological and legal aspects that have an impact on a company's capacity to achieve its marketing objectives.
What does the term "marketing" mean?The process of developing, communicating, delivering, and trading offerings that are valuable to customers, clients, partners, and society at large collectively is known as marketing.In a nutshell, it is an action made to draw attention to a company's offerings, which may include both tangible products for sale and services provided. Television ads, billboards at the side of the road, and magazine ads are typical instances of marketing at work.What Are Marketing Objectives?The results that a brand hopes to achieve from its marketing efforts are known as marketing objectives. They ought to be measurable (and practical) so that you may organise your efforts in a planned and directed manner.The marketing environment is made up of the political, economic, demographic, sociocultural, technological and legal aspects that have an impact on a company's capacity to achieve its marketing objectives.
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the jewelry buyer took a markdown on bracelets from $24.00 to $17.99. what is the markdown to the customer and the markdown journalized by the retailer?
The markdown to customer is 25% and markdown journalized by the retailer is 33.4%.
What is markdown?In the world of finance, a markdown is the difference between a dealer's lower price for a security and the highest current bid price among dealers in the market. Sometimes dealers would cut prices to encourage trade with the intention of making up the losses with higher commissions. In the world of finance, bid prices refer to what purchasers are willing to provide. Ask prices represent the sums that vendors are prepared to take. The bid-ask spread is the difference between the highest price being offered and the lowest price being asked. Trading in a specific security amongst market makers is referred to as the "inside market." The prices and spreads on the inner market are typically lower than those on the market for regular investors.
Markdown=1-(17.99/24) *100=25%
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explain why a capability-based system provides greater flexibility than a ring-protection scheme in enforcing protection policies.
The reason why a capability-based system provides greater flexibility than a ring-protection scheme in enforcing protection policies is that: The ring-based protection mechanism necessitates that the modules be organized strictly hierarchically. It also enforces the restriction that system programs in internal rings cannot call external-ring actions.
What is a Capabilty-Based System?In general, a capability-based operating system is one that employs capability-based security. Hydra is one example. Fuchsia Control Program Facility KeyKOS EROS CapROS Midori seL4 Genode
The constraint in the Ring-Based Protection system restricts the code's flexibility and is needlessly restrictive. Hydra's capability architecture not only allows for unstructured interactions between modules but also for the dynamic creation of new modules as needed.
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during a sale, a store offered a 40% discount on a couch that originally sold for $880. after the sale, the discounted price of the couch was marked up by 40%. what was the price of the couch after the markup? round to the nearest cent.
The camera now costs $378 after the following price rise.
How do equations work?
Equations are statements in mathematics that have two algebraic expressions on either side of the equals (=) sign.
It shows that the expressions printed on the left and right sides have an equal relationship.
Some of the elements of an equation are coefficients, variables, operators, constants, terms, expressions, and the equal to sign. When creating an equation, the "=" symbol and terms on both sides are a need.
given the data,
Let the price rise following the discount be = I
Let A = $ 450 serve as the camera's initial purchase price.
Let the camera's discount rate be 40 percent.
The equation is now given by.
The cost of the camera after the discount is therefore equal to 450 - (40/100) times 450.
After the discount, the camera's cost is: 450 - ( 450 x 0.4 )
After the discount, the camera's cost is equal to 450 minus 180.
After the discount, the camera costs $ 270.
The equation is also:
The discounted price is increased by 40% following the sale.
Therefore, the price of the camera has grown by 270 + (40/100) x 270.
The camera's increased cost is I = 270 + ( 270 x 0.4 )
The camera's increased cost is equal to 270 plus 108.
The camera I's increased cost is $ 378.
I thus has a value of $378.
Consequently, the camera now costs $378 after the increase.
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Answer:
$739.20
Explanation:
FILL IN THE BLANK. it is mandatory for both the employer and employee to pay ________.
Answer: FICA taxes
Explanation:
the trading activity involving purchases of large blocks of securities on the expectation of a favorable price move over the next several weeks or months is called
Position trading is a type of trading that entails buying significant quantities of securities in anticipation of a positive price change over the following several weeks or months.
What Is a Position Trader?A position trader purchases an investment in the hope that its value will increase over the long run. Short-term market changes and current events are less important to this type of trader until they change their long-term perspective on the position.Position traders seek to profit from long-lasting patterns in the pricing of assets by spotting these trends and taking advantage of them. Position trading typically has the potential to offer profitable profits that are not negated by excessive transaction costs.Is positional trading better than investing?Positional trading lasts longer than long-term investing. Deals made by position traders may extend for several weeks or even months.In contrast, a trader who engages in positional trading takes both short and long positions, as opposed to an investor who simply takes a long stake.Position trading is a type of trading that entails buying significant quantities of securities in anticipation of a positive price change over the following several weeks or months.
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if the buyer perceives a buyer-supplier relationship is in the desirable region on the purchaser-supplier satisfaction matrix, but there are problems, the buyer is most likely to:
If the buyer perceives a buyer-supplier relationship is in the desirable region on the purchaser-supplier satisfaction matrix, but there are problems, the buyer is most likely to share information to find a mutual solution.
The formation of relationships is expedited as businesses work to forge connections in order to accomplish their objectives, and buyer-supplier interactions have now taken on a "strategic" status. Due to demand to improve quality, cut costs, establish just-in-time systems, and shorten time to market, many procurers are creating single source suppliers, which is a significant occurrence in the context of buyer-supplier interactions.
Cost savings are the ultimate objective of developing these competencies. One of two models can be used to achieve these cost savings. Procurers pit suppliers against one another in an adversarial approach to reduce costs. In a cooperative approach, both parties obtain lower costs by collaborating to reduce the operating costs of suppliers and procurers.
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the following relates to a proposed equipment purchase: initial investment $ 155,400 salvage value $ 4,600 estimated useful life 4 years annual net cash flows $ 46,700 annual depreciation expense $ 37,700 the annual average investment amount used to calculate the accounting rate of return is:
The annual average investment amount used to calculate the accounting rate of return is $80,000.
The Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) formula is used to determine the net income anticipated from an asset or investment relative to the investment's initial cost.
ARR is commonly used to guide capital budgeting decisions. An ARR calculation, for instance, can assist in determining whether moving forward is the best course of action if your company wants to decide whether to proceed with a specific investment, whether it's a project or an acquisition.
Annual average investment amount
= (155,400+4,600)/2
= 160,000/2
= 80,000
To calculate ARR we need average investment, in the given question we have two investments, to get the average we divide it by 2.
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When padgett properties llc was formed, nova contributed land (value of $200,000 and basis of $50,000) and $100,000 cash, and oscar contributed cash of $300,000. Both members received a 50% interest in llc profits and capital.
Padgett’s tax basis in the land is $50,000 that is Nova contributed land of Basis.
What do you mean by Capital?The resource known as capital, which can be money in the form of cash or kind, is used to further purchase inputs and raw materials.
According to the Question, the given data are as follows:
Nova contributed land of value = $200,000
Nova contributed land of Basis= $50,000
Oscar Contributed cash = $300,000
Nova contributed cash = $100,000
Nova contributed land of Basis is the only tax basis in the land for Padgett's.
So, Padgett’s tax basis in the land is equal to Nova contributed land of Basis
Padgett’s tax basis in the land = $50,000.
Therefore, $50,000 is Padgett’s tax basis in the land.
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Suppose the government wants to levy a new excise tax. For each of the following goods, determine whether you would expect an excise tax to result in large or small deadweight loss.
1. Alcohol
Deadweight loss is relatively
a. large
b. small
2. Milk
Deadweight loss is relatively
a. large
b. small
3. Diamonds
Deadweight loss is relatively
a. large
b. small
4. Tropical vacations Deadweight loss is relatively
a. large
b. small
5. Socks
Deadweight loss is relatively
a. large
b. small
Note that where the government wants to levy a new excise tax, the goods where the excise tax would result in deadweight loss are enumerated accordingly:
In economics, deadweight loss is the disparity between the production and consumption of any given commodity or service, including government taxes.
The existence of deadweight loss is most typically detected when the quantity generated compared to the amount consumed departs from the ideal concentration of surplus.
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an individual is more likely to free ride when a good is: question 3 options: a) artificially scarce. b) nonexcludable. c) private. d) nonrival.
Option b. non-excludable is the correct answer. An individual is more likely to free ride when a good is non-excludable
Public commodities that cannot be used in a way that excludes a specific person or group of people are known as non-excludable goods. This makes limiting access to the consumption of non-excludable items all but impossible. An illustration of a non-excludable good is a public road. A public road is accessible to almost everyone, even if they are only using it for walking (rather than driving a motorized vehicle). The opposites of excluded commodities are those that are not excluded. The former refers to products that all people may access and consume, whereas the latter describes goods that only certain people can use.
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