Aldehyde are oxidized to carboxylic acids with the Tollen's Reagent which is an oxidizing agent that contains silver oxide and aqueous ammonium hydroxide.
What is Aldehyde ?An Aldehyde is a functional group which contains the carbonyl group that is -C=O. The structure for aldehyde is R¹ - C = O - R² where R¹ and R² = H.
Example of Aldehyde is Methanal. The structure of Methanal is H - C = O - H.
What is Tollen's Reagent ?Tollens's Reagent is a classical reagent which is widely used in the detection of an aldehyde functional group, an alpha hydroxy ketone functional group and an aromatic aldehyde group in a given test substance.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Aldehyde are oxidized to carboxylic acids with the Tollen's Reagent which is an oxidizing agent that contains silver oxide and aqueous ammonium hydroxide.
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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.
Question: _________ are oxidized to carboxylic acids with the ________ which is an oxidizing agent that contains silver oxide and aqueous ammonium hydroxide.
Which of the following statements is one
of the postulates in Dalton's atomic
theory?
a. All elements are composed of atoms.
b. Most elements are composed of atoms.
c. Some elements are composed of atoms.
d. Solid elements are composed of atoms.
Answer:
a. All elements are composed of atoms.
Explanation:
dalton's atomic theory says that Compounds are composed of atoms of more than 1 element. The relative number of atoms of each element in a given compound is always the same. Chemical reactions only involve the rearrangement of atoms. Atoms are not created or destroyed during chemical reactions.
If a person is spending 10 lakh rupees per second how many years will take to spend one mole rupees
Answer:
A person spends Rs. 10,000 per second.
In one year, he will spend = Rs. (10,000 x 3600 x 24×365) = Rs. 3.1536 x 10^11
1 mole rupees = Rs. 6.022 x 10^23
So it will take approximately 1.91 x 1012 years to spend 1 mole rupees.
Explanation:
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What term or terms correctly describes the following pair? Look at the picture pls
Answer:
Different elements
Explanation:
The variable, the bottom number, and the top number all reveal something about each other. The number at the bottom is the element's atomic number, and because both of these pairs have different atomic numbers, they are different elements in general.
why do metals tend to lose electrons to form positive ions?
Answer:
metals tend to lose electrons to form positive ions because they have more protons than electrons.
How many moles are present
in 3.25 x 1024 atoms P?
Answer:
5.40 moles ( to 3 signif digits )
Explanation:
ONE mole is Avagadro's Number 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mole
3.25 x 10^24 atoms / (6.022 x10^23 atoms/mole ) = 5.396 moles ~ 5.40 moles
"Deka" is a decimal unit prefix in the metric system, denoting a factor of
Select one:
a. 10
b. 100
c. 1,000
d. 10,000
Answer:
10
Explanation:
Deca or deka is a decimal unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of ten. For example, DECAGON is a 10-sided polygon (10-gon).
The r value of the yellow dye = 0.60 the distance moved by the yellow dye = 5.7 cm calculate the distance moved by the solvent
The distance moved by the solvent is 9.5 cm.
Calculation:Given,
Rf value of yellow dye = 0.60
Distance moved by yellow distance = 5.7 cm
To calculate,
Distance moved by the solvent =?
We know that the Rf value in chromatography is calculated as:
Rf = distance moved by the solute/ distance moved by the solvent
Putting the given values in the above formula, we get
0.60 = 5.7/ distance moved by solvent
Distance moved by the solvent = 5.7/0.60
Distance moved by solvent = 9.5 cm
What is the Rf value?The ratio of the analyte's (solute) distance traveled to the solvent front on a chromatogram is known as the retention factor (Rf) value.
When using mobile solvents, analytes move differently depending on the type of chromatographic procedure used to transfer them to the stationary phases. The differences between analytes' affinity for stationary and mobile solvents are what cause this difference. The longer an analyte is in place, the lower its Rf value will be, and vice versa, depending on its relative affinity with a stationary phase.
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Archimedes principle states that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the blank of the fluid displaced by the object
False. The principle states that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
What is Archimedes' principle?It is a theory propounded by Archimedes. It opines that a floating body is acted upon by a buoyant force.
The buoyant force is the same as the weight of the fluid displaced by the floating body.
Thus, instead of saying 'the buoyant force is equal to the blank of the fluid displaced', it is actually 'the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced'.
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A Calorie unit used in food is equal to the amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water ________ degrees) Celsius.
A Calorie unit used in food is equal to the amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degrees Celsius.
What is One Calorie ?The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature by 1 gram of water through 1°C is known as One Calorie.
1 Calorie = 4.18 J
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that A Calorie unit used in food is equal to the amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degrees Celsius.
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Magnesium has an HCP crystal structure, a c/a ratio of 1.635, an atomic weight of 24.305 g/mol, and a density of 1.74 g/cm3. Compute the atomic radius for Mg.
Atomic radius is1.349*10-23
hcp unit cell you can see that that the spheres touch each other along
so 2rMg = a where rMg is the radius of a Mg ion and = 0.6745*10^-23
There are three levels of atoms in the hcp structure.
Six atoms form a hexagonal arrangement in the top and bottom layers, while a seventh atom sits in the centre of the hexagonal arrangement.
Three atoms in the intermediate layer are tucked away in the top and bottom plane's triangular grooves.
Mg hcp c/a = 1.635
hcp is close-packed example ABABAB etc
V = sin(60)*a*a*1.635 a
V = 1.635 *0.866*a^3
V = 1.887*a^3 cm3
Z = 2 (atoms inside unit cell)
Mass inside unit cell is = (2 * 24.305)/(6.022*10^23) = 8.071*10^-23 g
D =M/V
1.74 = 8.071*10^-23/1.887*a^3
a^3 = 8.071*10^-23/1.887*1.74 = 2.458*10^-23
a = 1.349*10^-23
Hence Atomic radius is 1.349*10^-23
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A slow reaction speeds up when a chemical is added.
When the reaction is complete, it is found that the
added chemical has not changed in any way. Using
the collision theory, explain this phenomenom.
The collision theory explains this outcome since when the reaction is complete reactant particles can not interact and therefore the reaction does not occur.
What is the collision theory?The collision theory is a well sustained theory used in chemistry that states reactions are caused by the collision of particles that form their molecules.
This theory (collision theory) may result very useful to explain the rate of change in a given chemical reaction.
In conclusion, the collision theory explains this outcome since when the reaction is complete reactant particles can not interact and therefore the reaction does not occur.
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g at constant temperature, a sample of helium at 2 atm in a closed container was compressed from 5.00 L to 3.00 L. what was the new pressure exerted by the helium on its container
The new pressure exerted by helium on its container is 2533.33 torr.
Boyle's law: For a fixed amount of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional. so PV= constant.
At constant temperature and moles,
P1V1 = P2V2.
The original sample is at 2atm torr and volume 5.00 L and then helium gas was compressed to 3.00 L
∴ P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
(2× 760 torr)(5.00 L ) = (3.00 L )(x torr),
x = 2533.33 torr.
P₂ = 2533.33 torr.
Therefore, the new pressure exerted by helium on its container is 2533.33 torr.
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1. If 2000 L of hydrogen gas at a pressure of 90.0 kPa is compressed into a cylinder with a volume of 100 L while keeping the temperature constant, what pressure will the gas exert
in the cylinder?
Answer:
1800 pascal
Explanation:
p1v1 = p2v2
p1v1/v2 = p2
90 * 2000 / 100 = p2 = 1800 pascal
according to kinetic molecular theory, which of the following would not be considered an ideal gas
Answer:
A gas at very low volumes, when gas particles are very close together
A gas at very low temperatures, when gas particles have very little kinetic energy
A gas with highly polar molecules that have very strong inter-molecular forces
Explanation:
The Kinetic Molecular Theory:
particles in a gas are in constant, random motioncombined volume of the particles is negligibleparticles exert no forces on one anotherany collisions between the particles are completely elasticaverage kinetic energy of the particles is proportional to the temperature in kelvinsRM / NV / NF / EC / ET
Although none of the assumptions provided in the molecular theory of gases are strictly correct, they are fair enough for modeling some systems. It is an idealized approach of real systems. The fundamental presumptions are nearly identical to those of an ideal gas.
The most logical of the hypotheses is that of elastic collisions. Since gas molecules are treated as perfectly hard spheres in Newton's equations and elastic collisions, there is no energy lost in compressing the gas molecules during a collision.
For bulk, light gases at moderate temperatures and low to moderate pressures, it is acceptable to assume that there is an attractive force between the gas and the container wall. Since the walls of the containers only account for a minor portion of collisions in macroscopic quantities, they can typically be disregarded. Only until the gas's total density exceeds the kinetic energy do forces between its particles start to become significant. For light gases like He and straightforward diatomic gases, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules far outweighs the intramolecular interactions at normal temperatures.
But in a complete way of the KM theory being described:
The microscopic characteristics of atoms (or molecules) and their interactions, which result in observable macroscopic qualities, are described by the kinetic molecular theory of matter (such as pressure, volume, temperature). The idea may be used to explain why matter exists in distinct phases (solid, liquid, and gas), as well as how matter can transform between these phases.
The three states of matter are: As we transition from the solid to the gaseous phase, you'll notice that the distance between atoms or molecules widens.
According to the kinetic molecular theory of matter,
Particles that make up matter are continually moving.Every particle has energy, however the amount of energy changes with the temperature of the sample of matter. Thus, whether the material is in a solid, liquid, or gaseous form is determined. The least energetic molecules are those in the solid phase, whereas the most energetic particles are those in the gas phase.The average kinetic energy of the particles in a material may be calculated from its temperature.When the particles' energies are altered, the phase of the particles may vary.Matter atoms are separated by gaps. As a sample of matter transitions from the solid to the liquid and gas phases, the average amount of vacant space between molecules increases.Atoms and molecules interact by attraction forces, which intensify as the particles draw closer to one another. Intermolecular forces are the name for these pulling forces.How does kinetic molecular theory affect gases?According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, gas particles collide in an elastic manner and are always in motion. Only absolute temperature directly affects a group of gas particle's average kinetic energy.
Part I of How the Kinetic-Molecular Theory Explains Gas Behavior.
If the volume is kept constant, the faster gas molecules collide with the container walls more frequently and more violently, raising the pressure according to Charles' law.
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
Gas at LOW PRESSURE or high temperature with little or no intermolecular forces would be closest to ideal gas behavour.
A 8.06 g piece of solid CO2 is allowed to sublime in a balloon. The final volume of the balloon is 1.00 L at 300.0 K. What is the pressure of the gas
Answer: The pressure of the gas is 4.4334atm.
Explanation:
The ideal gas law for pressure is shown as: [tex]P=\frac{nRT}{V}[/tex].
~n=number of moles (mol)
~R=ideal gas constant=[tex]0.0821\frac{L*atm}{mol*K}[/tex]
~T=temperature (K)
~V= volume (L)
We are not given the number of moles, but we can find that with the grams of CO₂ that we were given. This is also better because we have the compound as well, making it easier to find its molar mass on the periodic table.
[tex]8.06gCO_{2} *\frac{1molCO_{2} }{44.009gCO_{2} }=0.18molCO_{2}[/tex]
Now we are ready to plug our given information into the formula for the ideal gas law of pressure.
[tex]P=\frac{0.18mol*0.0821\frac{L*atm}{mol*K}*300K }{1.00L}[/tex] [tex]P=4.4334atm[/tex]
Given the work above, the pressure of the gas is 4.4334 atmospheres.
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Which statement is true if the AHrxn of a reaction is positive?
∆H of a reaction is positive
Means the reaction is emitting energy in terms of product Hence the reaction is exothermicThe energy is given to the surroundingsWhat is the minimum volume of 5.50 M HCl necessary to neutralize completely the hydroxide in 718.0 mL of 0.183 M NaOH
The volume of HCl required is 23.89 mL
Calculation of volume:
The reaction:
[tex]HCl + NaOH \rightarrow NaCl + H_2O[/tex]
As HCl and NaOH react in 1 : 1 ratio.
Volume of NaOH= 718 mL
Concentration= 0.183M
Volume of HCl= ?
Concentration= 5.50M
Using the dilution formula:
[tex]M_1\times V_1(NaOH)= M_2\times V_2(HCl)[/tex]
[tex]0.183\times 718= 5.50 \times V_2\\V_2=\frac{131.394}{5.50} \\V_2 = 23.89 \,mL[/tex]
Therefore,
Volume of HCl required will be 23.89 mL.
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The pressure in car tires is often measured in pounds per square inch (lb/in.2), with the recommended pressure being in the range of 25 to 45 lb/in.2. Suppose a tire has a pressure of 38.5lb/in.2 . Convert 38.5lb/in.2 to its equivalent in atmospheres.
Express the pressure numerically in atmospheres.
38.5lb/in.2 = atm
Answer:
2.62 atm
Explanation:
1 atm = 14.6959 psi
38.5 / 14.6959 = 2.62 atm
A thin sample of X is put between metal plates. A radio-frequency electric current is applied to the plates and passes through the sample. From the measured voltage across the plates the value of E may be calculated.
Is this a physical or chemical property ?
The value of E determined as shown in the question is a chemical property.
What are chemical property?A chemical property has to do with the chemical changes that occur in a substance. Now we know that The value E refers to how easily a substance could accept or loose electrons.
Thus, the value of E determined as shown in the question is a chemical property.
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Explain how the experimental molecular mass would have been affected (too high, too low or unchanged) if the mass of the flask had been measured with condensed vapor and residual water on the outside. Please support your answer.
If the flask already has water, your measure is going to be higher than expected and MW is going to be higher too.
At first sight, we need to assume 1 atm as atmospheric pressure, probably forgot to write down this value in the Lab. By doing this, we got all values to calculate the MW.
So, for trial 1:
MW = [0.36 g x (0.082 atm x L / K x mol) x 301 K] / (1 atm x 0.125 L) = 71.08 g/mol
Trial 2:
MW = [0.38 g x (0.082 atm x L / K x mol) x 301 K] / (1 atm x 0.125 L) = 75.53 g/mol
Average MW = 73.31 g/mol
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Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.175M benzoic acid and 0.190M sodium benzoate, a salt whose anion is the conjugate base of benzoic acid.
4.235 is the pH of a solution that is 0.175M benzoic acid and 0.190M sodium benzoate, a salt whose anion is the conjugate base of benzoic acid.
What is Henderson Hasslbalch Equation ?According to Henderson Hasslbalch Equation to calculate the pH of a solution is expressed as
[tex]pH = pK_{a} + \log \frac{[\text{Congujate base}]}{[\text{Weak acid}]}[/tex]
Benzoic acid (C₆H₅COOH) and its conjugate base is Benzoate (C₆H₅COO⁻) are considered as acidic buffer.
Kₐ for benzoic acid = 6.3 × 10⁻⁵
So, pKₐ = -log Kₐ
= - log [6.3 × 10⁻⁵]
= 4.2
Now put the value in above expression we get
[tex]pH = pK_{a} + \log \frac{[\text{Congujate base}]}{[\text{Weak acid}]}[/tex]
[tex]pH = pK_{a} + \log \frac{C_6H_5COONa}{C_6H_5COOH}[/tex]
[tex]= 4.2 + \log \frac{0.190}{0.175}[/tex]
= 4.2 + 0.035
= 4.235
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that 4.235 is the pH of a solution that is 0.175M benzoic acid and 0.190M sodium benzoate, a salt whose anion is the conjugate base of benzoic acid.
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A rock formed with 2,000 atoms of a radioactive parent element, but only contains 500 radioactive parent atoms today. If the half-life for the radioactive element is one million years, how old is the rock
Answer:
2 million years
Explanation:
500/2000 = 1/4, meaning the sample decayed to 1/4 of its original amount. From this, we can conclude that 2 half lives have passed.
In the problem, we are given one half life is 1 million years. Multiplying this by 2, we get that 2 half lives is 2 million years.
An empty plastic or glass dish being removed from a microwave oven can be cool to the touch, even when food on an adjoining dish is hot. How is this phenom- enon possible?
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
Microwaves work by flipping water molecules upside down, then right side up again, and so on at very high speeds, and the friction generates heat. Some glass or plastic isn't affected by the microwaves, so the molecules don't get flipped, and so no friction occurs and no heat is produced, leading to the dish not being heated up.
A solution initially has a [Ca2+] = 0.100 M and [Ba2+] = 0.100 M Sulfate ion (SO42-) is being added to selectively precipitate out the Ba2+ ions and leave behind the Ca2+ ions. (The barium ions will start to precipitate out first because barium sulfate is less soluble than calcium sulfate.) BaSO4 Ksp = 1.07 x 10-10 CaSO4 Ksp = 7.10 x 10-5 Assume that somehow the sulfate ion is being added in a manner that does not change the volume of the solution significantly.
a) At what concentration of sulfate ion would the Ca2+ begin to precipitate out as calcium sulfate?
b) At that concentration of sulfate ion what would be the concentration of Ba2+ ion?
The concentration of sulfate ion would be required for Ca⁺ to begin to precipitate out as calcium sulfate is 7.10 * 10⁻⁴ M.
b) The concentration of the Ba²⁺ ion would be 9.929 * 10⁻² M
What concentration of sulfate ion would be required for Ca⁺ to begin to precipitate out as calcium sulfate?The precipitation of calcium sulfate occurs when the ionic product, Kip is greater than or equal to the solubility product, Ksp of calcium sulfate.
Kip ≥ Kspa) The equation of the dissociation of CaSO₄ is given below:
CaSO₄ ⇄ Ca²⁺ + SO₄²⁻
Ksp = [Ca²⁺] * [SO₄²⁻] = 7.10 * 10⁻⁵
Kip = [Ca²⁺] * [SO₄²⁻]
[SO₄²⁻] = Kip/[Ca²⁺]
[Ca²⁺] = 0.100 M
For precipitation to occur;
Kip = Ksp = 7.10 * 10⁻⁵
[SO₄²⁻] = 7.10 * 10⁻⁵/0.100
[SO₄²⁻] = 7.10 * 10⁻⁴ M
Therefore, the concentration of sulfate ion would be required for Ca⁺ to begin to precipitate out as calcium sulfate is 7.10 * 10⁻⁴ M.
b) The concentration of the Ba²⁺ ion would be;
0.100 M - 7.10 * 10⁻⁴ M = 9.929 * 10⁻² M
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What is the pH and pOH of a 1.2 x 10 M HBr solution?
-log(1.2x10^-3) = 2.92 = pH
14 - 2.92 = 11.08 = pOH
socratic
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what is a chemical germicides that has been formulated for use on the skin and is registered and regulated by the food and drug administration? milady barbering
Antiseptics is a chemical germicides that has been formulated for use on the skin and is registered and regulated by the food and drug administration.
Chemical germicidesA chemical or chemical combination used to eradicate microorganisms. Any procedure that removes and/or kills microorganisms is referred to as decontamination. The same phrase is also used to remove or neutralize radioactive materials, toxic compounds.A germicide is a substance that may eliminate microorganisms, particularly harmful ones (sometimes known as "germs"). Antiseptics and disinfectants are both considered germicides. Disinfectants are antimicrobials solely administered to inanimate items, whereas antiseptics are germicides applied to live tissue and skin.Learn more about organism here:
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given 3.5M and 10.5ml of zn(oh)2 find the molarity of nitric acid given 15.0 ml of nitric acid
10.5 milliliters of 3.5 M zinc hydroxide react completely with 15.0 milliliters of 4.9 M nitric acid.
What is molarity?It is a unit of concentration equivalent to moles of solute per liter of solution.
Step 1: Write the balanced equation.Zn(OH)₂ + 2 HNO₃ ⇒ Zn(NO₃)₂ + 2 H₂O
Step 2: Calculate the reacting moles of Zn(OH)₂.10.5 mL of 3.5 M Zn(OH)₂ react.
0.0105 L × 3.5 mol/L = 0.037 mol
Step 3: Calculate the reacting moles of HNO₃.The molar ratio of Zn(OH)₂ to HNO₃ is 1:2.
0.037 mol Zn(OH)₂ × 2 mol HNO₃/1 mol Zn(OH)₂ = 0.074 mol HNO₃
Step 4: Calculate the molarity of HNO₃.[HNO₃] = 0.074 mol / 0.0150 L = 4.9 M
10.5 milliliters of 3.5 M zinc hydroxide react completely with 15.0 milliliters of 4.9 M nitric acid.
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In the bohr model of the hydrogen atom, the energy required to excite an electron from n = 2 to n = 3 is _______________ the energy required to excite an electron from n = 3 to n = 4?
In the bohr model of the hydrogen atom, the energy required to excite an electron from n = 2 to n = 3 is greater than the energy required to excite an electron from n = 3 to n = 4
Bohr's energy levels:
The essential concept of Bohr's atomic model is that electrons occupy specified orbitals that call for the electron to have a certain amount of energy. An electron needs to be in one of the permitted orbitals and have the correct amount of energy needed for that orbit in order to be in the electron cloud of an atom. An electron would require less energy to orbit near the nucleus, while an electron would need more energy to orbit away from the nucleus. Energy levels are the potential orbits. One of Bohr's models' flaws was that he was unable to explain why just specific energy levels or orbits were permitted.
It is evident that the energy required to escape an electron from n=2 to n=3 is greater than the energy required to exit an electron from n=3 to n=4. This is because as n increases, the energy levels move closer to one another.
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What is the percent by mass of water in copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4 · 5H4O)? Type in your answer using one decimal place.
Percentage by mass of water in CuSO4.5H20 is 36.07% .
In this problem we have - copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate and it's molecular formula is (CuSO₄.5H₂O) .
There are 5 molecules of water are present.
Now we calculate it's molar mass-
We know that-
molar mass of Cu = 63.5u
Molar mass of SO₄ = 96 u
Molar mass of H₂O = 18 u
Now, molar mass of (CuSO₄.5H₂O) = 63.5 + 96 + 5 × 18
Now, molar mass of (CuSO₄.5H₂O) = 249.5u
And mass of water in CuSO₄.5H₂O = 90 u
now mass percentage of water = mass of water ÷ Total mass ×100
now mass percentage of water = 90 ÷ 249.5 × 100
now mass percentage of water = 36.07 %
So we find out mass percent by dividing given mass with total mass and then multiplying it with hundred and it came out to be 36.07 % .
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Answer:
36.1
Explanation:
how the various concentrations of acid will affect the amount of limestone that is dissolved from each jar.
The explanation of the how the various concentrations of acid will affect the amount of limestone has been given below.
Effects of acid rain on limestone:-
When an acid combines with a carbonate, it produces carbon dioxide as a gas and forms a salt that is soluble in the carbonate and acid's water.There are several gases in the atmosphere that can dissolve in precipitation such as rain and snow.Some may produce acids in rain water, such as carbonic acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid.Because the concentration is modest, the rain is not highly acidic, but it is acidic enough to react with the carbonates that make up limestone.Thus we discussed the affects of acid rain on limestones above.
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