Fermentation of lactic acid occurs when cells make ATP without having a supply of oxygen.
Oxygen abundance permits aerobic respiration to proceed. This permits glucose to be totally oxidized to produce an abundance of energy. In contrast, when oxygen is low, cells switch to a significantly less efficient type of energy production. This process is called anaerobic respiration.
Glycolysis is the first step in the fermentation process, but fermentation does not involve the second and third stages of aerobic cellular respiration (the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation). Glycolysis results in the production of two additional ATP molecules on top of the reduction of two NAD+ electron carriers into two NADH molecules. It is important that NADH be oxidized once more so that glycolysis may proceed and cells can keep producing two copies of ATP. Due to the absence of oxygen, the cells are unable to undergo oxidative phosphorylation, which prevents them from producing more than two ATP during the fermentation process.
There are two different kinds of fermentation: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. Only the fermentation of lactic acid can take place within our cells. The pyruvate produced by glycolysis is converted to lactic acid in the process of lactic acid fermentation in the absence of oxygen.
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Please help with I need help
Which are correct
examples of physical (P), chemical (C), and biological (B) barriers?
P: complement system; C: saliva; B: coughing
• P: coughing; C: saliva; B: complement system
• P: coughing; C: sneezing; B: complement system
• P: complement system; C: saliva; B: sneezing
P: coughing; C: saliva; B: complement system. That is option B.
What are immune barriers?The immune barriers are defined as those natural barriers that helps to prevent the invading of microorganisms on a host cell.
The physical barrier are natural structural obstacles example is coughing.
The Chemical barrier is the saliva that contains enzymes which can digest invading microorganisms.
The biological barrier is the complement system.
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What is the name of the process of selecting a specific group of organisms from an initially heterogeneous population for future breeding purposes
Answer:
Explanation:
artificial selecting
What is the protective insulation that surrounds parts of neurons and speeds the transmission of electrical impulses
Answer:
Mylein Sheath
Explanation:
Garter snakes and rough-skinned newts are ______ because adaptations in both species result directly from interactions with the other species.
Garter snakes and rough-skinned newts are coevolving because adaptations in both species result directly from interactions with the other species.
Wherever these deadly newts lived with garter snakes, local snake populations developed impressive resistance to tetrodotoxin. And it prompted newts to produce more toxins, which are 10,000 times more deadly than cyanide. Seeds are involved in co-evolution games. In other words, each player modifies his body and biological composition to survive.
Resistant to the deadly toxins lurking in the harsh newt skin, garter snakes swallow you. Snakes do not eat blowfish. Fugu is a delicacy of seafood made from puffer fish meat and is famous for its toxic potential.
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Think of an organism you’ve heard of or read about that has a surprisingly unusual trait or behavior. How is this trait or behavior different from similar organisms? How does it help the organism survive in its environment?
An unusual trait or behavior may be adaptive, neutral of deleterious depending on the environment in which the organism lives.
What is an adaptive trait?An adaptive trait is any phenotypic feature that confers the organism an adaptive advantage in a given environment.
A prior a given trait cannot be adaptive because it needs to interact with the environmental conditions.
In conclusion, an unusual trait or behavior may be adaptive, neutral of deleterious depending on the environment in which the organism lives.
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Gregor Mendel used which method to produce offspring?
Answer:
Gregor Mendel used "Cross Polination"of parents that have different traits to produce offsprings.A new planet is discovered orbiting a star with a mass 3.5 ´ at a distance of 1.2 . Assume that the orbit is circular. What is the orbital period of the planet?
According to Kepler's third law the orbital period is 7.20.
What is Kepler's 3rd law?Kepler's third law states that the square of a planet's orbital period (T²) is directly proportional to the cube of its average distance from the Sun (R³). Furthermore, the ratio between T² and R³ has exactly the same magnitude for all the stars that orbit this star.
"The ratio of the square of the period to the cube of the mean radius of a planet's orbit is constant.""
[tex]\frac{T^{2} }{R^{3} } = CONSTANT[/tex]
With this information, we can conclude that according to Kepler's third law the orbital period is 7.20.
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Which of the following is the correct order of procedure for somatic-cell nuclear transfer?
I. The nuclei of the somatic cell and the egg cell are removed.
II. The egg with the somatic cell nucleus is stimulated with a mild electric shock.
III. The nucleus of the somatic cell is then inserted into the enucleated egg cell.
A. I, II, and III
B. I, III, and II
C. III, I, and II
D. III, II, and I
The correct order of steps in somatic nuclear transfer is I, III, and II; option B.
What is somatic nuclear transfer?Somatic nuclear transfer is a process by which the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred to the cytoplasm of an egg cell whose nucleus has been removed.
The steps in somatic nuclear transfer are as follows:
The nuclei of the somatic cell and the egg cell are removed.The nucleus of the somatic cell is then inserted into the enucleated egg cell.II. The egg with the somatic cell nucleus is stimulated with a mild electric shock.In conclusion, the nucleus of a somatic cell is inserted into an enucleated egg cell in somatic nuclear cell.
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Can someone explain for me the uptake of mineral salt in plants
Answer:
Plants cannot absorb mineral salt directly. Salts are usually absorbed as ions. The mineral salts of the soil being dissolved in water are divided into canons (+) and anions (-) and plants absorb than in this condition.
Explanation:
Flagella are found in _________ and used for _________.
A. fungi, locomotion
B. plants, transfer of genetic material
C. prokaryotes, transfer of genetic material
D. prokaryotes, locomotion
Answer:
D) Prokaryotes, locomotion
Based on this map, which of the following countries do you think contributes
least to global climate change?
Canada
USA
Mexico
Greenland
Brazil
A. China
CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
B. United States
C. Brazil
D. Greenland
Africa
South Africa
Russia
India
China
Australia
In thousands of
metric tons
5,000,000+
1,000,000-5,000,000
300,000-1,000,000
100,000-300,000
50,000-100,000
20,000-50,000
5,000-20,000
1,000-5,000
0-1,000
The country that contributes least to global climate change, as shown on the map is D. Greenland.
Which areas in the world contribute to climate change ?Climate change is a global issue, and all regions of the world contribute to it in different ways. The main drivers of climate change are greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and land-use change.
Some of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions are developed countries like the United States, Europe, and Japan, due to their high levels of industrialization and energy consumption. Developing countries such as China and India are also becoming major contributors as their economies grow and their energy needs increase.
However, as shown on the map, Greenland contributes the least to global climate change as they are in green color which is among the lowest.
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difference between bacteria and protists
Answer:
Bacteria and protists are unicellular organisms. The difference lies in the type of cells they have. Bacteria are placed in the kingdom Monera and have a prokaryotic cell, whereas protists are placed in the kingdom Protista and have a eukaryotic cell.
Answer:
Protists and bacteria differ mostly in their cellular structure. Prokaryotes are creatures that lack a nuclear membrane around their genetic material (DNA), such as bacteria. On the other hand, protists are eukaryotic (genetic material enclosed by a nuclear membrane).
Explanation:
Protists and bacteria are both often found to be single-celled creatures, yet they are extremely different from one another in almost every other way. Protists are creatures that belong to the Eucarya domain, like humans, and have internal compartments, a cytoskeleton, and many RNA polymerases in their cells. The size of eucaryal cells ranges from 10 to 100 microns (millionths of a meter). There are two types of bacteria: Eubacteria and Archaea, which are almost as unlike from one another as they are from Eucarya. Bacterial cells generally have a diameter of 0.5 to 5 microns. The simplest way to distinguish between them is based on size and whether or not they have nuclei; protists have one (or more), whereas bacteria don't. Finding their gene sequences—in particular, the sequences for ribosomal RNA, which is the most reliable method to categorize organisms—is a more accurate technique to separate them.
Which conclusions can be made about the animals of each class based on the structural similarities of the embryos?
The main conclusion from observing animals of each class based on the similarities of the embryos is that there is an evolutionary relationship among these lineages.
What is evolution?Evolution makes reference to the process of descendence with modification from a common ancestor.
Embryo structures are fundamental for studying evolution of a given taxonomic group because they exhibit similarities due to a common origin.
These homo-logies (i.e., similarities by the same origin) may disappear in adult organisms.
In conclusion, structural similarities of the embryos can be used to show evolutionary relationships among animals of different taxonomic classes.
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In most cases along the nephron, the driving force in the reabsorption of solutes is the downward concentration gradient of
In most cases along the nephron, the driving force in the reabsorption of solutes is the downward concentration gradient of -ATPase, which is localized in the basolateral membrane.
Ion Transport in the Kidney TubulesThe -ATPase, which is located in the basolateral membrane, is the main enzyme that drives Na+Cl reabsorption, according to the current review of the subject.As a result of the tiny ionic gradients that form in the proximal tubule, where bulk reabsorption occurs, the transport here is so cost-effective. As a result of Na+Cl- being reabsorbed and water being unable to follow, the TAL already has less efficient transport, but this nephron segment builds up ionic gradients (the urinary concentrating mechanism). However, incredibly high ionic gradients can be built up here despite the expensive transport. ADH and aldosterone are the two hormones that play the most significant roles in mediating the regulation.To learn more about Kidney Tubules refer to:
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True or false: Polygenic traits that are subject to environmental influences can control multifactorial traits.
True, Polygenic traits that are subject to environmental influences can control multifactorial traits.
What is Polygenic and Multifactorial trait?Multifactorial traits are traits influenced by many factors, including genetic and environmental factors.Polygenic traits are traits that are controlled by many genes.The multifactorial trait may be continuous or discontinuous, but the polygenic trait is continuous.Multifactorial traits are polygenic traits that are strongly influenced by the environment.Many human disorders are multifactorial or polygenic diseases.Multifactorial and polygenic diseases are very complex to resolve.So, polygenic traits when influenced by the environment are called multifactorial traits.To learn more about Genes and Traits,
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What happens to facilitated diffusion when the protein carriers become saturated?.
ATP will be utilized for transport the maximum rate of transport will occur. The protein carriers fall apart. the transport rate will increase the maximum rate of transport will occur
More about ATP:
ATP, sometimes referred to as adenosine triphosphate, is a chemical that transports energy inside of cells. It is produced as a byproduct of photophosphorylation, which adds a phosphate group to a molecule using light energy, cellular respiration, and fermentation. It serves as the primary energy currency of the cell. All forms of life utilise ATP.
What is facilitated diffusion?
The passive transport of molecules down the concentration gradient is known as facilitated diffusion. It is a selective process, meaning that only specific molecules and ions can pass through the membrane. But it blocks the passage of other molecules across the membrane.
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A plant population is initially identified with 10 alleles. It has undergone several generations of random samplings that left only 2 alleles from the original number. These observed changes in the allele frequencies over time is led by an important evolutionary process termed as _____________.
A. natural selection
B. gene flow
C. genetic drift
D. mutation
The observed changes in the allele frequencies over time is led by an important evolutionary process termed as genetic drift; option C.
What is genetic drift?Genetic drift refers to the random changes that occur in the allele frequency of a population of organisms over time.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the changed that occurred in the allele frequency of the organisms is due to genetic drift.
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Read the passage. What is Angelou’s viewpoint toward the time she spent with Mrs. Flowers?
It was a humorous time that made her laugh.
It was very important to her.
It was something she dreaded and avoided.
It was one of many things she enjoyed.
From the passage, Angelou’s viewpoint toward the time she spent with showed that It was very important to her; option B.
What is Angelou’s viewpoint?A viewpoint is an idea or feeling one has about something.
Note that the above question is missing the passage. The complete passage is given below in italics:
"On that first day, I ran down the hill and into the road (few cars ever came along it) and had the good sense to stop running before I reached the Store. I was liked, and what a difference it made. I was respected not as Mrs. Henderson's grandchild or Bailey's sister but for just being Marguerite Johnson. —I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya Angelou"Angelou’s viewpoint can be seen from the passage above.
From the passage, Angelou was excited to visit Mrs. Flowers as she ran to go see her. She also knew she was liked.
In conclusion, Angelou valued the time she spent with Mrs. Flowers.
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The person above me is correct the answer is B) it was very important to her
Explanation: edge of 2022 so sry this is late but hope it helps <3
A pea plant with purple flowers of unknown genotype is test crossed with a white-flowered pea plant (ff), and half of the offspring have purple flowers and half the offspring have white flowers. What is the genotype of the purple flower
The genotype of the purple flower of unknown genotype is Pp. Details about genotype can be found below.
What is a test cross?A test cross is the breeding of an individual with a phenotypically recessive individual, in order to determine the zygosity of the former by analysing proportions of offspring phenotypes.
In a test cross, if the result produces offsprings with differing phenotypes, it means that the parent with unknown genotype is heterozygous.
Therefore, the genotype of the purple flower of unknown genotype that was crossed with a white-flowered plant (ff) to produce half purple and half white offsprings is Ff.
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decaying sweet potato peelings or skin in a tin for one week experiment science report aim
Answer:
nothing and I don't know
What is the human
genome?
A. The single base pairs in DNA where humans have different
nucleotides.
XX
B. It is the basic set of inheritable instructions for the development
and function of a human being.
C. A map of all the chromosomes someone has and the order they
are in.
Answer:
The correct answer is A . The single base pairs in DNA where humans have different
Explanation:
The human genome includes the coding regions of DNA, which encode all the genes (between 20,000 and 25,000) of the human organism, as well as the noncoding regions of DNA, which do not encode any genes. By 2003 the DNA sequence of the entire human genome was known. DNA; human genome
hope it will help you
Hello!
What is the Human Genome?
The human genome would be defined as a map of all the chromosomes someone has and the order they are in.
The green beetles tend to get eaten up by the birds and survive less often than brown beetles, as the environment cannot support unlimited growth. The process of __________ enables an organism to survive as well to reproduce, utilizing heritable traits.
A. genetic variation
B. genetic drift
C. natural selection
D. gene flow
The process of natural selection enables an organism to survive as well to reproduce, utilizing heritable traits.
What is natural selection?Natural selection can be defined as the differential survival and reproductive fitness between organisms.
Natural selection allows to organisms adapt to their environmental conditions by means of inherited phenotypes associated with genetic variation.
In conclusion, natural selection enables an organism to survive as well to reproduce by heritable traits.
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Beta adrenergic receptor-blocking drugs are often called beta-blockers. These drugs prevent the hormone epinephrine from binding to its G-protein-coupled receptor. In the pathway activated by epinephrine, the activated G-protein would normally activate adenylate cyclase. When the drug is in use, which step(s) is/are prevented
All the steps of GPCR signaling would be prevented in the presence of a beta-blocker drug.
What is Beta-blocker?Beta-blocker may be defined as a kind of medication that chokes the activity of substances, such as adrenaline, on nerve cells and provokes blood vessels to relax and dilate.
Adrenergic receptors choke the attachment of catecholamine that is epinephrine to the G-protein. G-protein activates adenylyl cyclase which in turn activates protein kinase A.
But when the beta-blocker drug is subjected to this pathway, it blocks the attachment of the hormone to their receptors, hence none of the pathway or steps would be carried forward. This is because signaling is not initiated.
Therefore, all the steps of GPCR signaling would be prevented in the presence of a beta-blocker drug.
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Choose the 4 reasons that contributed to mendel selecting the garden pea as his experimental subject.
Mendel chose the garden pea because it has a short life span, breeds true, produces a high number of seeds, and it is easy to nurse.
Why did Mendel use the pea plant?Mendel used the pea plant to study inheritance patterns in living organisms for a variety of reasons. These include:
The pea plant is easy to nurse to maturityIt produces many seedsIt has many contrasting physical attributesIt has a short life span.More on Mendel and pea plants can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/3416970
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Facilitated diffusion is a type of _____. Facilitated diffusion is a type of _____. active transport passive transport pinocytosis phagocytosis
Facilitated diffusion is a type of Passive transport.
Diffusion of solutes through transport proteins in the plasma membrane is referred to as facilitated diffusion.Passive transport is a subset of facilitated diffusion. Because the solution is traveling down the concentration gradient, assisted diffusion is still passive transport even when it incorporates transport proteins.Passive transport includes both aided diffusion and simple diffusion. They transport compounds from a high-concentration area to a low-concentration area. The former, however, differs from the latter in the manner in which molecules pass the membrane. Membrane proteins are needed for facilitated diffusion to move biological molecules.learn more about Facilitated diffusion here: https://brainly.com/question/13846065
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If you were to look at the age structure of a population of an endangered species and determine that there are mostly older individuals you could say that the population is
If you were to look at the age structure of a population of an endangered species and determine that there are mostly older individuals you could say that the population is declining and could be in danger of extinction.
What are endangered species?An organism that faces extinction is referred to as an endangered species. The two main factors that cause a species to become endangered are habitat loss and genetic diversity loss.
Because it prevents our native fish, plants, and other animals from going extinct, the Endangered Species Act is crucial. There is no turning back once they are gone they are lost forever.
Endangered species are those that are at risk of going extinct and must therefore be safeguarded and conserved. Extinct species are those that no longer exist on the planet.
It's Important to Save Endangered Species because:
From antibiotics to anti-cancer medications, they are the sources of those substances.They are the earliest indication of significant environmental problems.They support the well-being of crops (and, indirectly, people).They help the economy grow.To know more about Endangered Species refer to: https://brainly.com/question/10415903
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2. Why is there such a high rate of spontaneous mutation among the genes responsible for classic hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and achondroplasia
The genes responsible for classic hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and achondroplasia have a high rate of spontaneous mutation because these disorders are associated with sex-linked traits.
What is Spontaneous mutation?Spontaneous mutation may be defined as a type of mutation which carries in the body of an organism naturally without any interference from mutagens.
The genes of the above-mentioned disorders have a high rate of spontaneous mutations because they are unaffected by any external mutagens and are sex-linked traits that are inherited from parents to their offspring.
Hence, the genes of these disorders follow the path of spontaneous mutations.
Therefore, it is well described above.
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Why can food chains
generally support no more
than 4 or 5 trophic levels?
O
A. Because energy is lost at every
level.
B. Because there are a set
number of niches in an
ecosystem that do not change.
C. Because there is not enough
room for so many organisms.
OD. None of these
Answer:
A. Because energy is lost at every level.
Explanation:
energy decreases as it travels from lower levels to upper levels--which is a logical observation you could make.
Think of it like this--if a fish eats a small organism, it will then spend some of the energy obtained from the organism swimming around--so when a larger fish eats our fish, the energy from the original organism will already be partially lost (from our fish swimming around).
This means that when this pattern continues over multiple levels, we keep losing energy--which limits the environment's capacity for organisms to survive.
Hope this helps, have a lovely day :)
At the zoo, you observe a small tree-dwelling primate with a long snout and a rhinarium (wet nose). It is most likely a
Observing a small tree-dwelling primate with a long snout and a rhinarium (wet nose) means it is most likely a strepsirrhines.
What is a Strepsirrhines?
This is a type of primate which include animals such as lemurs, bush babies etc.
They usually have characteristic long snout and a wet nose thereby making it the most appropriate choice.
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