Adina learned multiple languages growing up in Switzerland. When she moved to the United States, her primary language became English, and German, French, and Italian faded into the past. When she had to take a language course in high school, the only course available was Spanish. Her previous language experiences both helped and confused her. Define each of the following concepts, and explain how each could help her recall her previous languages OR interfere with her learning Spanish:


• Working memory

• Explicit memory

• Effortful processing

• Context-dependent memory

• Proactive interference

• Hippocampus

True. According to the social exchange theory, relationships involve trading a variety of resources, such as money, youth, and good looks.

The social exchange theory is a theoretical perspective that tells us that people make some decisions about how to behave in certain situations to get the maximum benefit of the same. This theory suggests that individuals form and maintain relationships based on the perceived benefits and costs they receive from them. This also posits that people will engage in situations or relations which they think will be beneficial for them in the near future in terms of money, approval, and much more. It proposes the social interactions between individuals are in regards to the exchange of resources which are either palpable or impalpable.

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Modern Homo sapiens distinguish themselves from other hominins by having a special capacity for symbolic reasoning.

This means that they have the capacity to represent abstract ideas and communicate through language and other forms of symbolic expression, such as art and music. Additionally, modern Homo sapiens are known for their advanced tool-making abilities, using stone tools to hunt and gather food. They also have a unique ability to walk upright, which frees up their hands for more complex tasks.

This combination of walking upright and manipulating objects with their hands has allowed Homo sapiens to develop complex technologies and civilizations that have transformed the world. Overall, these abilities set modern Homo sapiens apart from other hominins and have played a crucial role in their evolutionary success.

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The duration and capacity of short-term memory are best described as limited in both capacity and duration. Short-term memory can only hold a small amount of information for a brief period of time.

Research has shown that the average person can hold about 7 (+/- 2) items in their short-term memory for about 20-30 seconds. This is known as the "magic number" in cognitive psychology.
The capacity of short-term memory is affected by several factors such as the complexity of the information, the individual's cognitive abilities, and the presence of distractions.

Additionally, short-term memory is a fragile and easily disrupted process, as it relies on attention and rehearsal to maintain information. Therefore, the best answer to the question is d. Small in capacity and short in duration. It is important to note that short-term memory is distinct from long-term memory, which has a much larger capacity and longer duration.

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Policy communities refer to informal clusters of organizations and individuals (working in both the government and the private sector) that are deeply involved in a certain area of focus and share specialized knowledge, communication patterns, and power structures within that area of focus.

These communities are groups of organizations and individuals who are involved in a particular policy area, such as healthcare or education. They are informal in nature, meaning that they are not officially recognized by the government or any other regulatory body. However, they are highly influential in shaping policy decisions and outcomes.

Members of policy communities share specialized knowledge and expertise in their area of focus, and they often communicate with each other through informal channels such as social media or personal networks. Power structures within policy communities can be complex and may involve different levels of authority or influence depending on the organization or individual involved.

Overall, policy communities play an important role in shaping policy decisions and outcomes, and they are an essential part of the policymaking process. By bringing together individuals and organizations with a shared interest in a particular policy area, policy communities can help to ensure that policy decisions are informed, effective, and responsive to the needs of the community they serve.

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SpyBot and Ad-Aware are the two most used tools for removing malware and adware. Option d is Correct.

Using a specialized popular spyware removal program or eradicating malware manually are the two main methods available. In general, using a spyware-removal software application will make the process lot simpler for you. Spybot - Search and Destroy can conduct thorough spyware scans of your system and employs active scanning to block spyware and other types of malware from altering your machine.

All of the test malware, adware, and PUPs on my PC were detected and eliminated by Spybot's scanning engine during my tests. The NSO Group, an Israeli technology company, created the well-known spyware tool called Pegasus. Both are the targets of the Pegasus spyware for mobile devices. Option d is Correct.

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"The sequence of changes in family composition and relationships that occur from marriage until death is commonly referred to as the family life cycle." The statement is true.

The family life cycle is a concept that describes the various stages that a family goes through over time as it evolves and adapts to changes in individual members' lives and in society as a whole.

The family life cycle typically includes several stages, such as the newlywed stage, the childbearing stage, the teenage years, and the empty nest stage. Each stage is characterized by different family structures, roles, and responsibilities, as well as unique challenges and opportunities.

Understanding the family life cycle can be helpful for individuals and families as they navigate the various stages and transitions that occur over time. It can provide a framework for anticipating and planning for changes, as well as for identifying potential sources of stress and support. It can also help individuals and families to recognize the importance of adapting and evolving in response to changing circumstances and needs.

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The 1973 Roe v. Wade decision was a landmark ruling by the United States Supreme Court that upheld a woman's right to secure an abortion. This decision was primarily based on the constitutional right to privacy, which is protected under the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause.

The court found that a woman's choice to have an abortion is a personal and private matter, and the government should not interfere in this decision-making process.

The ruling in Roe v. Wade established a legal framework for abortion rights in the United States, dividing pregnancy into three trimesters. During the first trimester, a woman has the unrestricted right to choose an abortion. In the second trimester, states can regulate abortions to protect the mother's health.

In the third trimester, states can regulate or prohibit abortions, except when necessary to preserve the life or health of the mother.

The Roe v. Wade decision has been a topic of debate and controversy since it was issued. While it has had a significant impact on women's reproductive rights, it has also prompted various legal challenges and efforts to restrict or overturn the ruling. However, the central holding of Roe v. Wade – a woman's right to secure an abortion – remains an important legal precedent in the United States.

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The correct answer is option A which is True. Some US Senators did raise the strategic possibility that President Trump's publicly stated desire to withdraw US troops from Syria.

Some US Senators did raise the strategic possibility that President Trump's publicly stated desire to withdraw US troops from Syria encouraged the most recent round of chemical weapons attacks in Douma. They argued that the statement may have emboldened the Syrian government and its allies to carry out the attack, as they believed that the US was no longer committed to the conflict. However, this argument is controversial and has been disputed by other politicians and analysts. The cause of the chemical attack in Douma remains a matter of debate and investigation. Therefore, the option is A and the statement is true.

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One of the fundamental decisions parents make is not how much religion to expose their children to. Option 3 is Correct.

One of the most crucial figures in young children's life are their parents. Mothers, dads, and other caregivers who take on the role of parents are all considered to be parents. Children rely on their parents to give them the care they require to be happy and healthy, as well as to grow and develop properly, from the moment they are born.

Give the youngster your undivided love, consideration, and care. Attempt to establish a daily schedule for the youngster. At times of crisis, a child's feeling of security, assurance in the outside world, and uncertainty frequently falter. Children may manage emotional arousal, cope, and control behavior with the help of parents and other caregivers. They play this part by offering encouraging words. Option 3 is Correct.

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Correct Question:

which of the following is not one of the basic choices parents make? group of answer choices

1. whether to have children

2. how many children to have

3. how much religion to expose

4. children to the method of discipline.

The Time of Mating is a scheduled event in the society described in the novel "Anthem" by Ayn Rand, where individuals are paired for procreation to maintain the population. It takes place at the Palace of Mating, a designated location for this purpose.

Equality considers the Palace of Mating as a "shameful matter" because the process lacks emotional connection or personal choice. In this society, people are matched based on the Council's decision, not by love or mutual attraction. This impersonal approach goes against Equality's belief in individual freedom and personal relationships, making him perceive the practice as shameful.

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The difference between rule-governed and contingency-shaped behavior is that Contingency-Shaped behavior involves immediate consequences whereas Rule-governed behavior often involves delayed consequences.

Rule Governed Behavior is a behavior that is under the control of a verbally mediated rule and a behavior insensitive to immediate contingencies. Contingency-shaped behavior is behavior that is directly controlled by the relations between responses and their consequences.

Contingency-shaped is strengthened gradually through trial-and-error and whereas the Rule-governed behavior leads to immediate behavior change (does not take a few trials for behavior change to occur). An example of rule-governed behavior is If there's a sign on a vending machine that it is broken and you don't put your money. But in the contingency based you go ahead and put your money in and lose it.

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Alpha receptor antagonists are a family of drugs that relax the smooth muscles in the blood vessels and urinary system by inhibiting the body's alpha receptors.

Alpha receptor antagonists are a class of medication that works by blocking the alpha receptors in the body, leading to relaxation of smooth muscles in blood vessels and urinary tract. While these medications can be effective in treating conditions like high blood pressure and urinary retention, they can also have side effects. Some common side effects of alpha receptor antagonists include dizziness, lightheadedness, fatigue, headache, and nasal congestion. Other less common but potentially serious side effects include fainting, irregular heartbeat, and allergic reactions. It is important to discuss any concerns or potential side effects with your healthcare provider before starting any medication.

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Peter Cooper envisioned a prosperous and egalitarian United States, where every individual would have access to education, healthcare, and other basic necessities of life.

He believed that technological progress and industrialization could be harnessed to improve the lives of ordinary people and create a more just and democratic society.

To bring his vision to life, Cooper was actively involved in various philanthropic and social causes. He supported the establishment of public libraries, schools, and colleges, such as the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, which provided free education to working-class students.

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The largest single category of abused prescription drugs is opioid painkillers, which are powerful drugs that are commonly prescribed to treat pain.

Opioids work by binding to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord, reducing the sensation of pain and producing feelings of euphoria. However, opioids can also be highly addictive and can lead to physical dependence, overdose, and death.

Some of the most commonly abused opioids include oxycodone, hydrocodone, codeine, and morphine. These drugs are often obtained through a prescription from a doctor or stolen from a friend or family member's medicine cabinet. They may also be obtained illegally through street dealers.

The abuse of opioid painkillers has become a major public health concern in recent years, as the number of overdose deaths related to these drugs has skyrocketed. To combat this problem, healthcare providers and government agencies are working to improve prescription drug monitoring, increase access to addiction treatment, and educate the public about the risks of opioid abuse.

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Equity is probably the criterion most likely to receive attention in contemporary policy making.

There is a rising realization in contemporary policy making of the importance of equity in the allocation of benefits and liabilities. This is especially true in health and education policy, where there is a growing emphasis on eliminating inequities in access and results for disadvantaged populations.

Equity in policymaking implies that the distribution of resources and opportunities be fair and just, taking into account the specific needs and circumstances of different groups. This necessitates a focus not only on outcomes, but also on the processes and procedures used to formulate and implement policies.

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Bill is motivated by the desire to gain new skills. Bill approaches new tasks with the attitude that he can master them, and he tries to do so because he wants to improve his abilities and acquire new knowledge.

This motivation drives him to continue learning and growing, as he sees the value in expanding his skillset. By tackling new challenges and mastering them, Bill gains a sense of accomplishment and confidence in his abilities. This attitude also sets him up for success, as he is willing to put in the effort required to achieve his goals.
Intrinsic motivation is the driving force behind Bill's desire to master new tasks and gain new skills. This type of motivation comes from within, as he is motivated by the satisfaction and personal growth he experiences when learning and accomplishing new things.

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The organization that was integrated into the Department of Homeland Security to manage catastrophic events is the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

The Department of Homeland Security's FEMA division assists people and communities in catastrophe prevention, response, and recovery. In order to guarantee that we as a country work together to increase our capacity to anticipate, defend against, respond to, recover from, and reduce all hazards, FEMA's objective is to assist people and first responders.

FEMA offers a range of services and programmes to help people, organisations, and communities become more resilient to the effects of disasters. Grants to municipal and state governments are part of this, as are resources for first responders and assistance in organising response and recovery activities.

FEMA also promotes preparedness by offering advice and encouraging public awareness of how to get ready for and respond to disasters.

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A direct approach is typically the best option for writing communications that provide good news or simple, neutral information.

Emails, notes, and letters that provide information or make requests are examples of routine messages. Use direct language and plain language for everyday messages.

Open with your primary idea, which is a specific expression of your request, using the direct manner. In the body, provide specifics and support for your request. In the conclusion, demand a specific course of action.

You'll typically take a straightforward approach because the readers of these messages will typically be interested in what you have to say. Include your primary point (the encouraging response or the good news) in the introduction.

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For those who cannot afford medical care, the main way that people cut back on medical expenses is to rely on home remedies or over the counter drugs.

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are those that may be purchased without a prescription. Some over-the-counter medications ease aches, pains, and itches. Some, such as tooth decay and athlete's foot, prevent or treat illness. Others aid in the treatment of persistent issues such as migraines and allergies.

The Food and Drug Administration determines whether a drug is safe and effective enough to be sold over the counter in the United States. This helps you to be more involved in your health care. However, you must exercise caution to prevent making blunders. Make careful you follow the directions on the medication package. If you are unsure about the instructions, see your chemist or health care provider.

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When group members critique one another, it allows the group to avoid some forms of groupthink and confirmation bias.

Groupthink is a psychological phenomena when a group's drive for harmony and conformity results in subpar decision-making. Group members can challenge ideas, advance other viewpoints, and enhance the overall decision-making process by giving each other constructive criticism.

When people focus only on information that reinforces their preexisting thoughts or attitudes, it is known as confirmation bias. Group members can detect and resolve confirmation bias by providing each other with constructive criticism, resulting in more balanced and well-informed decisions.

Critique: A critique is a thoughtful evaluation in which you express your thoughts on the merits and shortcomings of something (such as a work of literature or art). In response to the philosopher's early articles, she offered a bold critique. They offered an objective and sincere criticism of her work.

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The people of the Paleolithic culture invented useful items such as choppers, drills, and chipping tools made from deer antlers.

The Paleolithic culture, also known as the Old Stone Age, is a prehistoric period that began around 2.6 million years ago and ended around 10,000 BCE. During this time, humans lived as hunter-gatherers and developed a wide range of tools and technologies to help them survive.

One of the most significant innovations of the Paleolithic culture was the development of stone tools, which were used for a variety of tasks such as cutting, scraping, and digging.

-----------The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:

"The people of which culture invented useful items such as choppers, drills and chipping tools made from deer antlers?"-----------

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Personality inventory assessment would be the most reliable. Thus, option (C) is correct.

Personality inventories, often known as objective tests, are standardised and may be given to a large group of people at the same time. A psychologist is not required to be present when the exam is administered, and the responses are normally assessed by a computer.

Scores are calculated by comparing them to norms for each category on the test. A personality inventory may assess a single component, such as anxiety level, or it may test many personality qualities at once, such as the Sixteen Personality component Questionnaire (16 PF).

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Questionnaire (MMPI) is the most often-used personality questionnaire for identifying psychiatric problems. It consists of 550 assertions that must be marked as "true," "false," or "cannot say."

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Crying for hours after a parent's departure and hitting and clinging to parents upon their return are common behaviors associated with separation anxiety in young children. Here option C is the correct answer.

Separation anxiety is a normal developmental stage that typically begins around 6-8 months of age and can last until around 2-3 years old. During this time, young children often experience anxiety when separated from their primary caregiver, usually a parent.

Crying for extended periods of time after the parent leaves and hitting them upon their return while also clinging to them are typical behaviors displayed by children with separation anxiety. These behaviors stem from the child's fear of being abandoned or left alone, leading to extreme distress when separated from their primary attachment figure.

In contrast, options A and D are not common behaviors associated with separation anxiety. Children with separation anxiety may not play quietly when the parent leaves, and they may not ignore the parent upon their return. Instead, they tend to become very clingy and may seek out physical contact with their parent as a way to alleviate their anxiety.

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Complete question:

Yakobo cries for hours after his dad leaves but simultaneously clings to his dad and hits him when he returns. Which of the following is a common behavior associated with separation anxiety in young children?

A) Playing quietly when the parent leaves

B) Becoming excited when the parent returns

C) Crying for hours after the parent leaves and hitting the parent upon their return while also clinging to them

D) Ignoring the parent upon their return and acting indifferent.

Answer:

The belief that one battle of Bull Run (also known as the First Battle of Manassas) would decide the entire Civil War can be attributed to several factors.

Firstly, many Americans at the time did not understand the nature of modern warfare and the scale of the conflict they would engage in. The Civil War was the first major conflict involving large armies and advanced military technology, such as rifled muskets and ironclad warships. As a result, many Americans believed that a single decisive battle could swiftly end the war.

Secondly, there was  optimism and overconfidence among both the Union and Confederate armies.  In particular, the Union army believed that it had superior numbers and resources and that a single victory at Bull Run would promote a quick and decisive victory. This attitude was reinforced by early Union successes in the war, such as the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson and the Battle of Shiloh.

Finally, there was urgency among the American public and political leaders to end the war quickly and decisively. The longer the conflict dragged on, the more costly and divisive it became, both in terms of human lives and economic resources. Many Americans believed that a single battle could  end the conflict and re-unite the nation.

However, the belief that one battle could decide the entire war was misplaced. The Civil War would extend for four long years and involve many more battles and campaigns before it finally ended. However, the belief highlights the optimism and naivety of Americans at the time, as well as the desperate desire for a quick and decisive resolution to the conflict.

Explanation:

The assumption that one fight could decide the entire war was most likely a result of unreasonable expectations, overconfidence, and a desire for a rapid resolution to the struggle.

Several factors contributed to Americans' conviction that the Battle of Bull Run would settle the entire Civil War. For starters, many individuals at the period had never seen a large-scale battle and may have had exaggerated expectations about the nature and duration of military wars. Furthermore, the Union army outnumbered the Confederate soldiers, and many people expected an easy triumph.

Some Union leaders were similarly overconfident, believing that their superior training, equipment, and resources would be enough to defeat the Confederates. This arrogance may have contributed to a lack of strategic planning and a failure to anticipate the complexities of the fight.

Finally, many Americans were undoubtedly eager to see the war end soon and decisively in order to reduce the human toll and economic hardship. This desire may have caused some individuals to imagine that a single, definitive victory would end the battle rather than a long and brutal struggle.

Overall, the assumption that one fight could decide the entire war was most likely a result of unreasonable expectations, overconfidence, and a desire for a rapid resolution to the struggle.

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The view that human emotions are universal has been supported by studies of facial expressions. The correct alternative is option a.

Research in the field of psychology has shown that facial expressions are a fundamental aspect of human communication, and that many emotions are associated with distinct patterns of facial muscle movements.

For example, smiling is often associated with happiness, while frowning is associated with sadness or anger.

Studies of facial expressions across different cultures have provided evidence for the universality of human emotions.

For instance, the psychologist Paul Ekman conducted studies in the 1960s and 1970s in which participants from different cultures were asked to identify facial expressions of basic emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, and fear.

Ekman found that participants from different cultures were able to identify these expressions with a high degree of accuracy, suggesting that the underlying emotions and associated facial expressions are universal.

The correct option is C: facial expressions

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If Mary-Beth is using transitional expressions such as "for example" and "in other words" in a report. In using these phrases, she is attempting to create coherence and improve the flow of her writing.

Transitional expressions are essential in any well-written report as they help guide the reader through the text by connecting ideas, indicating the relationships between them, and signaling a shift in focus. By using "for example," Mary-Beth is providing her readers with specific instances or illustrations to support her claims. This helps to clarify her points and make her arguments more convincing.

On the other hand, the phrase "in other words" serves to restate a point in a different way, which can aid in understanding complex or abstract concepts. By offering alternative explanations, Mary-Beth is ensuring that her readers can fully grasp the ideas she is presenting.

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In the United States, following the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) E6 guideline is mandatory for drug studies. Here option D is the correct answer.

The FDA, which regulates drug studies in the US, has adopted the ICH E6 guideline as its standard for Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and requires adherence to it. The ICH E6 guideline provides a unified standard for the design, conduct, monitoring, analysis, and reporting of clinical trials.

It emphasizes the importance of protecting the rights, safety, and well-being of trial subjects and ensuring the reliability and integrity of trial data. Compliance with the ICH E6 guideline helps ensure that clinical trial data are credible and reliable and that the rights and safety of trial subjects are protected.

Adherence to the ICH E6 guideline is mandatory for drug studies conducted in the United States under the jurisdiction of the FDA. It is important for clinical researchers to be familiar with the guidelines and ensure compliance to maintain the safety and welfare of clinical trial participants and ensure the reliability and integrity of trial data.

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Complete question:

In the United States, the ICH E6 guideline is:

A - Voluntary for FDA-regulated drug studies.

B - Mandatory for studies conducted outside the United States.

C - Mandatory for investigational device studies.

D - Mandatory for drug studies.

The Kawa model is an occupational therapy model that emphasizes cultural safety, decentralizes the self, and focuses on restoring harmony between the person and their environment. It is based on the metaphor of a river and recognizes the client's unique cultural background and worldview.

The model emphasizes the importance of cultural humility, recognizing the client's strengths and resources, and working towards restoring balance and harmony between the person and their surrounding contexts.

The Kawa model is a client-centered approach that considers the social and cultural contexts in which the person lives and works to promote their well-being and occupational performance.

The model also emphasizes the importance of restoring balance and harmony between the person and their environment, including their social and cultural contexts.

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Answer:

its b 1970

Explaination: Earth Day is an annual celebration held on April 22nd to increase environmental awareness and inspire people to take action to safeguard the earth. Earth Day was first observed in 1970, making 2022 the 52nd anniversary. Wisconsin Senator Gaylord Nelson suggested the idea of Earth Day in order to create a national day to focus on environmental issues and draw attention to the hazards of pollution and other environmental crises. The inaugural Earth Day was a big success, with an estimated 20 million Americans taking part in demonstrations, marches, and other environmental-related events. Since then, Earth Day has grown into a worldwide celebration, with millions of people taking action to safeguard the environment.

According to the ACHA (American College Health Association), copies of inspections must be kept on file for a minimum of three years.

ACHA stands for "American College Health Association." ACHA inspections refer to the process of evaluating college health services and facilities for compliance with the ACHA standards and guidelines. The ACHA inspections help colleges to maintain and improve the quality of health services provided to students, faculty, and staff. The length of time that copies of ACHA inspections must be kept on file may vary depending on the specific requirements of the institution or state, but it is typically several years. This information can usually be found in the institution's records retention policy or guidelines.

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