Answer:
Gravitational Potential Energy = Mass*Gravity*Height.
GPE = 852 * 9.8 * 3.2
GPE = 26718.72 Newtons.
4 (JAMB) The diagram below shows a light see-saw, which is balanced horizontally by the weights W₁, W2, W3, W4 in the positions shown: d a W₁ Fig. 4.44 W₂ b W3 WA Which of the following equations correctly represents the principle of the lever balance? A W₁ + W₂ = W3 + W4 B W₁-W₁ = W4 - W3 C W₁a+W₂b = W3c+Wad D (W₂-W₁)a= (W4 - W3)c E (W₁ + W₂ )ab = (W3+ W4)cd (SCIGCE) 4 ( JAMB ) The diagram below shows a light see - saw , which is balanced horizontally by the weights W₁ , W2 , W3 , W4 in the positions shown : d a W₁ Fig . 4.44 W₂ b W3 WA Which of the following equations correctly represents the principle of the lever balance ? A W₁ + W₂ = W3 + W4 B W₁ - W₁ = W4 - W3 C W₁a + W₂b = W3c + Wad D ( W₂ - W₁ ) a = ( W4 - W3 ) c E ( W₁ + W₂ ) ab = ( W3 + W4 ) cd ( SCIGCE )
The equation that represents the principle of the lever balance is:
W₁ + W₂ = W3 + W4; option A.What is the principle of moments?The principle of moments states when a body is in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moment about a point equals the sum of anticlockwise moment about that point.
A see-saw represents a balanced system of moments.
The sum of clockwise moment = The sum of anticlockwise moments.
Assuming W1 and W2 are clockwise moments and W3 and W4 are anticlockwise moments.
The equation will b: W₁ + W₂ = W3 + W4
In conclusion, a balanced see-saw illustrates the principle of the lever balance.
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I want to examine the surface of a planet that is covered by a thick atmosphere (which includes oxygen and contains a very thick layer of water clouds that never clears). What wavelength of electromagnetic radiation would I be smartest to use:
I want to examine the surface of a planet that is covered by a thick atmosphere (which includes oxygen and contains a very thick layer of water clouds that never clears). What wavelength of electromagnetic radiation would I be smartest to use: radar waves.
Radars send out electromagnetic waves much like wireless computer networks and cell phones. The signals are despatched out as short pulses which can be reflected by objects of their route, in part reflecting returned to the radar.
The radio waves travel outward from the antenna at the velocity of light (186,000 miles or three hundred,000 km in keeping with the second) and keep going until they hit something.
Then some of them bounce back in the direction of the antenna in a beam of contemplated radio waves also visiting at the speed of light. the speed of the waves is crucially vital.
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Students are asked to conduct an investigation on the mixing of color. They have three flashlights, each covered with a piece of colored acetate (a transparent plastic). One flashlight is red, one is green, and one is blue. They shine the lights against a white background and observe that when the colors are mixed together, they see a white light. The students then hold a hand in front of the white background and switch on the lights one at a time. They record their observations for the color of the object and its shadow. They repeat this experiment with all three lights on and record the shadows they observe. Which best explains the difference in the results obtained for the shadow colors with all three lights on?
Block the red and green lights and you get a blue shadow. Block all three lights, you get a black shadow.Block one of the three lights, you get a shadow whose colour is a mixture of the two other colours.
What is colour spectrum?The distribution of colors produced when light is dispersed by a prism.
In this demonstration,
Students experiment with red, green, and blue light to get different shadow colours.
Primary colors are not a fundamental property of light but are related to the physiological response of the eye to light. Light is a continuous spectrum of all of the wavelengths that can be detected by the human eye.
The human eye normally contains only three types of colour ranges of the colour spectrum.
Humans and other species with three such types of color receptors are known as trichromats.
The R, G, B cones are most sensitive to the red, green, and blue wavelengths.
The colours each receptor is the most sensitive to. The blue cone will also pick up purple, blue, and green hues.
Green cones will pick up purple, blue, green, yellow, and orange hues. Red cones will pick up purple, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red hues. The sensitivities of the three cones overlap to let us perceive all visible colours.
Hence,
When red light, blue light, and green light stimulate the three colour receptors on our retinas equally, the signal gets blended in our brain and we see "white" light.
This is why we see sunlight as white light, not as its individual colours.
Slight changes in the relative signals of the cones enable us to see a myriad of different colour combinations, which is why we "see" more than just three colours.
In this demonstration, coloured filters are affixed to flashlights.
The coloured filters block some wavelengths and let others through. The red-filtered flashlight puts out wavelengths from red through to orange and yellow. The green-filtered flashlight puts out yellow, green and blue wavelengths. The blue-filtered flashlight puts out green, blue, and purple wavelengths.
When the three coloured light bulbs all shine on the same surface, we see all the wavelengths from red through to purple, which we perceive as white.
With these three coloured lights you can make shadows of seven different colours:
Blue, red, green, black, cyan (blue-green), magenta (pink), and yellow.
If you block two of the three lights, you get a shadow of the third color.
Block the red and green lights and you get a blue shadow.Block all three lights, you get a black shadow.Block one of the three lights, you get a shadow whose colour is a mixture of the two other colours.Learn more about colour spectrum here:
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If it takes an average of 14 billion years before any proton inside the Sun will undergo fusion, and the Sun is only about 5 billion years old, why do astronomers believe that fusion is going on there now
The explanation of astronomers believe that fusion is going in sun after knowing that fusion takes average 14 billion year to undergo and sun is just 5 billion year old is that there are few protons in the sun who undergo fusion by few collisions only and not have to wait 14 billion years.
Before fusing with another proton, a proton will bounce off other protons in the Sun's crowded core for around 14 billion years, at a pace of 100 million collisions per second. However, this is merely the average wait time. Some of the massive number of protons in the Sun's inner area are "lucky," and it only takes a few collisions to produce a fusion reaction, these are the protons responsible for the Sun's energy. Most of the Sun's protons have not yet been involved in fusion reactions because it is around 4.5 billion years old.Thus we can say as their exist few protons inside sun who can undergo the fusion after few collisions only, the astronomers believe that fusion is going on there now also.
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I need help asap it’s due today
For this experiment on a solar collector, the variables include the following:
Time TemperaturePlastic wrapBlack plasticWhat are the variables?In Science, a variable can be defined as a measurable attribute or physical quantity that changes or varies across an experiment and as such can take on different numerical values.
For this experiment on a solar collector, there are different variables and these include the following:
Time TemperaturePlastic wrapBlack plasticFurthermore, you should determine both the greatest and smallest rate of temperature change for each of the trials by subtracting the initial temperature from the final temperature based on the numerical values obtained from this experiment.
In conclusion, the trial with the greatest numerical value has the greatest rate of temperature change while the trial with the smallest numerical value has the smallest rate of temperature change
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Complete Question:
1. What are the variables in this investigation?
2. Which trial had the greatest rate of temperature change?
3. Which trial had the smallest rate of temperature change?
A common trick for opening a stubborn lid on a jar is to run very hot water over the lid for a short time. This is because the coefficient of expansion for glass is less than that for steel. Glass expands less than steel when heated. This makes it easier to open the lid. Is this true or false
Answer:
Glass expands less than steel when heated. This is because of the coefficient of expansion. The statement is true.
Explanation:
Thermal expansion refers to:
Expansion of the size of an object, when heat is provided to that object, is called as thermal expansion basically it is expansion due to heatCoefficient of thermal expansion:
(CTE) refers to the rate at which a material expands with increase in temperature.given that lid on the jar is made up of steel.
so when we very hot water run over the lid for short time, The metal lid expands but the glass jar. which forms a gap between the metal lid and the glass jar.
Coefficient of thermal expansion of ordinary glass is 8.6×10^-6/°
Coefficient of thermal expansion of steel is 13×10^-6/°
we can say that
Steel having higher coefficient of expansion will expand more as compared to the glass.
Hence the statement is True.
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Adjusting your speed to address one hazard at a time is called multiple risks. a) Compromising b) Deconflicting c) Separating d) Clear path of travel
The act of Adjusting your speed to address one hazard at a time when faced with multiple risks is: (c) Separating
Meaning of separating Hazards
A hazard can be defined primarily as an occurrence that can lead to damage of properties and destruction of live.
separating Hazards can be defined as an act of adjusting one's speed in other to attend to one hazard before another.
In conclusion, The act of Adjusting your speed to address one hazard at a time when faced with multiple risks is: (c) Separating
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How much electrical energy is involved in this transformation? 60 j 80 j 100 j 120 j
The initial amount of electrical energy involved is 120 J
What is Electrical energy:
It is referred to as the energy that has been converted from electric potential energy.It is also derived as a result of movement of electrically charged particles.Here,
we have an initial amount of electrical energy, E.
E is converted into two forms of energy
light energy (L) heat energy (H)given light energy, L = 20 J
and the Heat energy, H = 100 J
The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but only converted into other forms.
According to The law of conservation of energy:
E = L + H
substituting the values, we get
E = 20 + 100
E = 120 J
So, option D is correct.
The initial amount of electrical energy involved is 120 J
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Your question is incomplete as the figure is missing, but most probably the question was:
How much electrical energy is involved in this transformation?
60 J
80 J
100 J
120 J
a) State the meaning of the term principal focus as applied in lenses.
Answer:
Explanation:
Basically, the point on the axis of a lens or mirror to which parallel rays of light converge or from which they appear to diverge after refraction or reflection.
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A hollow cylinder is given a velocity of 5.3 m/s and rolls up an incline to a height of 2.87 m. If a hollow sphere of the same mass and radius is given the same initial velocity, how high (in m) does it roll up the incline
Answer:
E = 1/2 M V^2 + 1/2 I ω^2 = 1/2 M V^2 + 1/2 I V^2 / R^2
E = 1/2 M V^2 (1 + I / (M R^2))
For a cylinder I = M R^2
For a sphere I = 2/3 M R^2
E(cylinder) = 1 + 1 = 2 omitting the 1/2 M V^2
E(sphere) = 1 + 2/3 = 1.67
E(cylinder) / E(sphere) = 2 / 1.67 = 1.2
The cylinder initially has 1.20 the energy of the sphere
The PE attained is proportional to the initial KE
H(sphere) = 2.87 / 1/2 = 2.40 m since it has less initial KE
A ski lift has a one-way length of 1 km and a vertical rise of 200 m. The chairs are spaced 20 m apart, and each chair can seat three people. The lift is operating at a steady speed of 10 km/h. Neglecting friction and air drag, and assuming that the average mass of each loaded chair is 250 kg, determine the power required to operate this ski lift. Also, estimate the power required to accelerate this ski lift in 14 s to its operating speed when it is first turned on.
The power required to accelerate this ski life in 14 s to its operating speed is ______ kW.
Power is needed for (1) acceleration and (2) lifting the loaded chairs. These two parts can be calculated separately and then added together.
(1) Power for acceleration:
The final speed of the lift is
V=(10 km/h)(1 h×1000 m60 sec×1 km)=2.887 m/s.
Then the power needed is
Pa=12m(V2−V20)/Δt=12(50×250 kg)(2.778 m/s)2=9.6 kW.
(2) Power for lift
Assume that the acceleration is constant (i.e. power supply is constant), its value will be
a=ΔVΔt=2.778 m/s5 s=0.556 m/s2.
Then the vertical lift during acceleration will be
(12at2)×(2001000)=1.36 m.
Hence, the power needed to increase the potential energy of the lift is
Pg=mgΔhΔt=(50×250 kg) (9.89 m/s2)(1.36 m)/(5 s)=3.41 kW.
Then the total Power required is
Ptotal=Pa+Pg=9.6+34.1=43.7 kW.
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Satellite C revolves around Earth 10 times a day. What is the radius of its orbit, measured from Earth's center? Assume that Earth generates the only significant gravitation attraction on the satellite. Note: The mass of Earth is 5.98 × 1024 kg, and the constant of universal gravity (G) equals 6.674 × 10-11 N m2/kg2.
The radius of its orbit, measured from Earth's center, will be 1.44 × 10⁷ mm.
What is Newton's law of gravitation?Newton's law of gravity states that each particle having mass in the universe attracts each other particle with a force known as the gravitational force.
Given data in problem is;
The mass of Earth is, [tex]\rm m_E = 5.98 \times 10^{24} \ kg[/tex]
Gravitational constant, G =6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N m₂/kg²
The gravitational force is proportional to the product of the masses of the two bodies and inversely proportional to the square of their distance.
[tex]\rm F_g = \frac{Gm_sm_e}{r^2}[/tex]
The centripetal force due to rotation of the satellite;
[tex]\rm F_c = \frac{m_s v^2}{r}[/tex]
The centripetal and the gravitational force are equal;
[tex]\rm F_g = F_c \\\\ \frac{Gm_sm_e}{r^2} = \frac{m_s v^2}{r} \\\\ r = G \frac{m_E }{v^2 } \\\\ r = G \frac{m_E }{(r \omega )^2 } \\\\ r = \sqrt[3]{\frac{Gm_E}{\omega^2}} \\\\ r = \sqrt[3]{\frac{6.67 \times 10^{-11}(5.98 \times 10^{24})}{(3.63 \times 10^{-4})^2}} \\\\ r = 1.44 \times 10^7 \ mm[/tex]
Hence, the radius of its orbit measured from Earth's center will be 1.44 × 10⁷ mm.
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25. A cup contains 177.44 ml. of chocolate milk. How many gallons of chocolate milk does it hold?
(Given: 1 ml. 0.001 L; 1 gal = 3.78 L.)
Answer:
0.0469 gal
Explanation:
177.49 ml is 0.17749 L.
So, 0.17749/3.78 gives the answer
The answer is 0.0469 gallons of chocolate milk a cup can hold which contains 177.44 ml of chocolate milk.
A liquid volume measurement that is equivalent to 231 cubic inches or four quarts is known as Gallon.
To calculate gallons of chocolate milk a cup can hold:
Given,
1 ml = 0.001 L
1 gal = 3.78 L
Convert 177.44 ml to liters:
1 Liter = 1000 ml
177.44 ml * 0.001 L/ml = 0.17744 L
Convert liters (L) to gallons (gal):
= 0.17744 L / 3.78 L/gal
= 0.0469 gal
Thus, a cup that contains 177.44 ml. of chocolate milk holds 0.0469 gal.
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why are gases poor conductors of sound?
Answer:
Their atoms are spread farther apart
Answer: because gaseous molecules are farther apart
What do the arrows around the positive point charge illustrate?
The arrows around the positive point charge illustrates the direction of the electric force/field.
What is Electric field?
This is described as an area in which force is exerted om other charged particles or objects.
Arrows could be around the positive or negative point charge and helps to depict the direction of the electric force.
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Gauss's Law states that the net electric flux, , through any closed surface is proportional to the charge enclosed: . The analogous formula for magnetic fields is:
The analogous formula for magnetic fields is the Ampere's law.
To find the answer, we need to know about the Ampere's law of magnetism.
What's Ampere's law of magnetism?Ampere's law states that the close line integral of magnetic field around a current carrying loop is directly proportional to the current enclosed within it.
What's is the mathematical expression of Ampere's law?Mathematically, Ampere's law is
B•dl= μ₀I
Thus, we can conclude that the analogous formula for gauss law is the Ampere's law in magnetism.
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does a turtle have a incomplete metamorphosis? its for my little brother
Answer:
No. They do not undergo any stage of metamorphosis at all. Once they hatch from their eggs, they remain as the same form for the rest of their life. They grow quite a bit, but they do not "morph", or transform, the way caterpillars turn into butterflies.
A boy and a girl are riding on a merry-go-round which is turning at a constant rate. The boy is near the outer edge, and the girl is closer to the center. Who has the greater linear velocity? Group of answer choices
The boy has the greater linear velocity.
The linear velocity in a rotatory system is defined as:
v = ω×r
where,
v is the linear velocity
ω is the angular velocity
r is the radius.
As mentioned in the question, they are turning out at a constant rate, so the angular velocities of both the boy and the girl are the same.
The linear velocity now only depends on the radius of the disc, according to the aforementioned inference. The distance from the center has a directly proportional relationship with the linear velocity.
As a result, linear velocity increases as the distance from the center increases.
From the question, it is clear that the boy is farther away from the center than the girl is. The boy has a higher linear velocity as a result.
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Which of the diagrams below show forces that would result in a movement of the block to the left?
Diagram A will result in the movement of the block to the left as a result of the forces.
What is Force?This is referred to an influence which is capable of changing the motion of an object.
Diagram A has equal upward and downward force and left side which is 60N is higher than the right side which has 20N. The block will therefore move to the left.
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calculate the energy a 12V battery can deliver if it can move 3000 C of charge, and the energy that an identical battery (12V) can deliver while moving a charge of 40,000 C
The energy a 12V battery can deliver if it can move 3000°C of charge will be 36000 J and the energy that an identical battery (12V) can deliver while moving a charge of 40,000°C will be 480000 J
Charged material experiences a force when it is exposed to an electromagnetic field due to the physical characteristic of electric charge. You might have a positive or negative electric charge. Contrary charges attract one another while similar charges repel one another.
Given a 12V battery can deliver if it can move 3000 C of charge, and the energy that an identical battery (12V) can deliver while moving a charge of 40,000 C
We have to find total energy that this battery can deliver
Let,
q = 3000 C
V = 12 V
The total energy delivered by battery will be as follow:
U = qv
U = 3000 x 12
U = 36000 J
Similarly for another battery
q = 40000 C
V = 12 V
So total energy delivered will be
U = 40000 x 12
U = 480000 J
Hence the energy a 12V battery can deliver if it can move 3000°C of charge will be 36000 J and the energy that an identical battery (12V) can deliver while moving a charge of 40,000°C will be 480000 J
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A ball is thrown straight upward at 10 m/s. Ideally (no air resistance), the ball will return to the thrower's hand with a speed of
The ball will return to the thrower's hand with a speed of 10 m/s.
What is straight upward motion:
It is the motion when an object is projected upward, it moves in the opposite direction of the force of gravity.
The velocity is negative while the object moves up and positive while it moves downward due to upward motion.
Here,
A ball is thrown straight upward, u = 10 m/s
final velocity since ball momentarily stops at highest point, v= 0 m/s
According to Newton's 3rd equation of motion:
2gh = V² - u²where,
g = acceleration due to gravity = -9.8 m/s²
h = height
substituting the values,
2(-9.8)h = (0)² - (10)²
h = 100 / 19.6
h = 5.10 m/s
Now, we consider downward motion:
2gh = v² - u²
where,
g = 9.8 m/s²
h = height = 5.10 m
v = return velocity of ball
u = 0 m/s
substituting the values,
2(9.8)(5.10 m) = V² - (0)²
V = √(99.96)
V = 9.99 m/s
V ≈ 10 m/s
Hence,
the ball will return to the thrower's hand with a speed of 10 m/s.
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Did you diagram all the faults and folds correctly? Which fault and/or fold did you find most difficult to diagram?
A fold is a stack of planar surfaces that are bent during permanent deformation and this happens when the earth's crust is compressed together.
What is a Fault?This refers to the planar fracture that occurs in a volume of rock that causes significant displacement.
Hence, we can see that there are three types of fold and they are:
(1) anticlines, (2) synclines (3) monoclines.Please note that your question is incomplete so I gave a general overview of the concept to give you a better understanding.
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how is this true?.........
Answer:
because the a and the b both have ones next to them so a is 1 and b is 1 so the sum is 2 and the minus changes because it is within the two lines
Explanation:
Which quantity may be calculated directly using Newton's second law of motion?
weight
velocity
position
direction
Answer:
Weight
Explanation:
The second law of motion by Newton can be used to determine weight.
What is the centripetal acceleration of a point on the perimeter of a bicycle wheel of diameter70 cm when the bike is moving 8.0 m/s?
Answer:
The acceleration of a point on the wheel is 11.43 m/s² acting radially inward.
Explanation:
The centripetal acceleration acts on a body when it is performing a circular motion.
Here, a point on the bicycle is performing circular motion as the rotation of the wheel produces a circular motion.
The centripetal acceleration of a point moving with a velocity and at a distance of from the axis of rotation is given as:
a = v2/r
Here, V = 8m/ s,r = 0.70 m
∴ a = 8/0.70 = 11.43m/ s2
Therefore, the acceleration of a point on the wheel is 11.43 m/s² acting radially inward.
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Planetesimals beyond the orbit of _____ failed to accumulate into a protoplanet because the gravitational field of _____ continuously disturbed their motion
Planetesimals beyond the orbit of Mars failed to accumulate into a protoplanet because the gravitational field of Jupiter continuously disturbed their motion
What is a planet?A planet can be defined as a celestial body which is moving in an elliptical orbit round the star.
The nine main planets are:
MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePlutoSo therefore, the planetesimals beyond the orbit of Mars failed to accumulate into a protoplanet because the gravitational field of Jupiter continuously disturbed their motion
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Planetesimals beyond the orbit of Mars failed to accumulate into a protoplanet because the gravitational field of jupiter continuously disturbed their motion. This is further explained below.
What is Planetesimals ?Generally, a little planet; a body that, because to gravity, might potentially clump with many others to become a planet.
In conclusion, The planet Jupiter's gravitational field constantly disrupted the motion of planetesimals beyond the orbit of Mars, preventing them from ever settling down to form a protoplanet.
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Look at the equation below. What does g represent? (Hint: Give the full answer)
equation is: w = m x g
Answer:
Acceleration due to gravity
Explanation:
"g" is the value of acceleration due to gravity usually 10m/s²
In the equation w = m x g; g represents acceleration due to gravity.
What is weight?Weight is a measurement of how much gravity is pulling on a body.
The weight formula is as follows: w = mg [ where, m = mass of the body and g = acceleration due to gravity.]
Weight being a force The SI unit of weight is the Newton, which is also the same as the SI unit of force (N).
When we look at how weight is expressed, we can see that it depends on both mass and the acceleration caused by gravity; while the mass may not change from one location to another, the acceleration caused by gravity does. Let's use this illustration to better understand this idea:
What is acceleration due to gravity?The acceleration an object experiences as a result of gravitational force is known as acceleration due to gravity. M/s² is its SI unit. Its vector nature—which includes both magnitude and direction—makes it a vector quantity. The unit g stands for gravitational acceleration. At sea level, the standard value of g on earth's surface is 9.8 m/s².
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The voltage supplied by the common household outlet has a frequency of 60 hz. What is the period of the voltage?.
The period of the voltage that has a frequency of 60Hz is 0.0166s. Details about period can be found below.
How to calculate period?Period in physics refers to the length of time during which the same characteristics of a periodic phenomenon recur.
The period is measured in seconds and is denoted by T. It can be calculated by dividing 1 by the frequency of an oscillation because it is inverse of the frequency.
T = 1/60 = 0.0166s
Therefore, the period of the voltage that has a frequency of 60Hz is 0.0166s.
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Unbalanced force acting on a body may not change the dimension and balanced forces many change the dimension. JUSTIFY. Please help me..
If the body is in motion, the force operating on it simply produces the motion; however, if the force acting on it is balanced, the body is in a static position and its shape is flexible.
What is force?Force is defined as the push or pulls applied to the body. Sometimes it is used to change the shape, size, and direction of the body.
Force is explained as the multiplication of mass and acceleration. Its unit is N.
It is the external agent which helps to change the shape and size of an object. Force is used to pushing and pull the object and sometimes changes the direction of motion.
The net force acting on an object is equal to the sum of all forces acting upon it.
F = F1 + F2 + F3
The force is found as;
F=ma
Where,
Force, F
Mass,m
Acceleration,a
Unbalanced forces operating on a body might not modify its dimension, but balanced forces might.
The unbalanced forces act on the body is helps to give the motion to the body and only one application of force can act on the object.
If there is motion in the body the force acting on the body causes only the motion but if the force acting on the body is balanced the body is in static condition and the shape of the body can change.
Hence the given statement is justified unbalanced force acting on a body may not change the dimension and balanced forces may change the dimension.
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An ideal Polaroid will transmit 50% of incident sunlight. How much light will be transmitted by two ideal Polaroids oriented with their axes parallel to each other
50% of light will be transmitted by two ideal Polaroids oriented with their axes parallel to each other.
To find the answer, we need to know about the malus law.
What's Malus law?According to Malus law, the intensity of light passed through a polaroid is the intensity of light incident on it times the square of the cosine of the angle between the pass axis of the polaroid and the direction of polarization of the incident light.Mathematically, I=I₀× cos²ФWhat will be the intensity of light transmitted by two ideal Polaroids oriented with their axes parallel to each other?The direction of polarization of light passed through the first polaroid remains along the pass axis of it. When the light coming from the first polaroid enters the second polaroid, its direction of polarization remains parallel with the pass axis of second polaroid. So the angle is 0°.The intensity of the light now remains the same as that of enters into the first polaroid.Thus, we can conclude that 50% of light will be transmitted by two ideal Polaroids oriented with their axes parallel to each other.
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