The mass of ammonia gas used in kg would be 1.02 kg..
Stoichiometric problemNitric (V) acid and ammonia gas react to form fertilizer according to the following balanced chemical equation:
[tex]HNO_3 + NH_3 -- > NH_4NO_3[/tex]
From the equation, the ratio of the ammonium nitrate produced to the ammonia gas used is 1:1.
The molar mass of [tex]NH_4NO_3[/tex] = 14 + 4 + 14 + 48 = 80 g/mol
Mole of 4800 kg [tex]NH_4NO_3[/tex] = 4800/80 = 60 mol
Thus, the equivalent amount of ammonia that needs to react will also be 60 mol.
Molar mass of amonnia = 14 + 3 = 17 g/mol
Mass of 60 mol ammonia = 60 x 17
= 1020 grams
1020 grams = 1020/1000
= 1.02 kg
In other words, the mass of ammonia gas used would be 1.02 kg.
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an element compound has 82 protons, 82 electrons, and 123 neutrons. write its isotopic symbol including both the mass number and the atomic number.
With an atomic number of 82, the chemical element lead has 82 protons and 82 electrons in its atomic structure. Lead has the chemical symbol Pb.
Lead's neutron number and mass number Lead's usual isotopes have masses between 204 and 208. Lead's (pb) atomic number is 82. The quantity of protons in an element's nucleus is indicated by the element's atomic number. Only lead displays no Thomson effect in a metal. In other words, neither heat is emitted nor absorbed when an electrical current is transmitted through a sample of lead. Lead has a molecular weight of 207. Natural bluish-gray metal called lead may be found in trace levels in the earth's crust. Every area of our is filled with lead environment.
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thermodynamically, at a given temperature, an oxide is more stable with respect to metal and oxygen gas at higher partial pressure of oxygen than lower partial pressure of oxygen: true or false? g
It is true that an oxide is thermodynamically more stable with respect to metal and oxygen gas at greater partial pressures of oxygen than at lower partial pressures of oxygen at a given temperature.
When a pure metal is oxidized at a high temperature, one or more oxides may occur. Oxidation is prevented if the partial pressure of oxygen is less than the equilibrium value. On the other hand, that metal will be reduced for an oxygen partial pressure that is lower than the equilibrium value at a specific temperature. The Ellingham diagram is used in metallurgy to forecast the temperature at which a metal, its oxide, and oxygen are at their equilibrium. A metal is oxidized if the atmospheric oxygen partial pressure is higher than the dissociation pressure, and it is reduced to a metal if it is lower than the dissociation pressure.
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Why might Pacific Ocean be more conducive to volcanic activity?
Answer:
The movement of tectonic plates in the area, causes more volcanoes.
They call it the Pacific Ring of Fire
Answer:
The Pacific Ocean is more likely to experience volcanic activity because the Ring of Fire, an area in which several volcanos and earthquakes occur, is located within it.
predict whether, to any significant extent, ag(s) will react with 1 m hcl(aq).
Under normal conditions, Ag does not react with hydrochloric acid. However, if the HCl is concentrated and heated, it can dissolve silver to form silver chloride.
To determine whether Ag(s) will react with 1 M HCl(aq), we can consult a table of standard reduction potentials to see if the reaction is thermodynamically favorable. If the standard reduction potential for the reaction Ag(s) + [tex]H^+[/tex] (aq) -> [tex]Ag^+[/tex] + H(aq) is positive, then the reaction is not thermodynamically favorable and will not occur to a significant extent. If the standard reduction potential for the reaction is negative, then the reaction is thermodynamically favorable and will likely occur to a significant extent.
Alternatively, you can also perform a simple experiment to see if the reaction occurs. Simply mix a sample of Ag(s) with 1 M HCl(aq) and observe if any reaction occurs. If the solution becomes cloudy or if the silver metal appears to dissolve or change color, then a reaction has occurred.
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in a metallic substance, electrons are shared among all of the metal atoms in the sample. how does this explain why metals are more malleable and ductile than ionic and covalent compounds?
Answer:
In a metallic substance, electrons are shared among all of the metal atoms in the sample, forming a "sea" of electrons that surrounds the metal ions. This electron sea is responsible for many of the unique properties of metals, including their high conductivity, malleability, and ductility.
The electron sea in a metallic substance allows the metal ions to slide past one another easily, making it easier to deform the metal without breaking it. In contrast, ionic and covalent compounds are held together by strong chemical bonds, which makes it more difficult to deform these materials without breaking the bonds. This is why metals are generally more malleable and ductile than ionic and covalent compounds.
what is the leaving group when acetic anhydride is reacted with ethanol in a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction?
BH3/THF with H2O2/NaOH is the leaving group when acetic anhydride is reacted with ethanol in a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction
Corn and other plant resources are used to make ethanol, a sustainable fuel. In the United States, ethanol is widely used and is present in more than 98% of gasoline. E10 (10% ethanol, 90% gasoline) is the most widely used ethanol mix. The production of medicines, polymers, lacquers, polishes, plasticizers, and cosmetics all need ethanol. In medicine, ethanol is employed as a topical anti-infective and as an antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol overdose. More than two billion people consume ethanol (also known as ethyl alcohol) daily.
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What is the difference between the collision theory and the transition state theory? How do they explain the factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
The basic differences between the collision theory and the transition state theory are-
Collision theory assumes a collision between reactants needs to happen before a reaction can take place. But on the other hand, during a reaction, an increase in potential energy corresponds to an energy barrier over which the reactant molecules must pass if the reaction is to proceed.The majority of collisions do not lead to a reaction, but only those in which the colliding species have: kinetic energy greater than a certain minimum called the activation energy, Ea, and the correct special orientation with respect to each other. Whereas the transition state occurs at the maximum of this energy barrier.Collision theory states that chemical reactions (in the gas phase) occur due to collisions between reactants. But transition state theory states that chemical reactions occur via going through a transition state.According to collision theory, chemical reactions occur only due to successful collisions. Although according to transition state theory, a chemical reaction will happen if and only if the reactants can overcome the activation energy barrier.The factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction:
Temperature: With increasing temperature reaction rate will also increase.Concentration: In a solution, if the amount of reactants increases then the reaction rate increases.Pressure: Increasing pressure increases reaction rate.State of matter: Gases react more readily than liquids, whereas liquids react more readily than solids.Catalysts: A catalyst lowers the activation energy, then the reaction rate increases.Mixing: Mixing reactants improves reaction rate.To learn more about this topic,
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not all of the orbitals in the n = 4 shell are shown in this figure.which subshells are missing?
The 4d and 4f subshells of the orbitals are not shown in the figure when n=4.
Subshell energies are determined by examining orbital diagrams showing how the subshells are arranged. The 1s orbital has the lowest energy, the 2s orbital has slightly higher energy than her 1s orbital, and so on. Electrons in orbits farther from the nucleus have higher energies.
The closer the orbitals, the greater the nuclear charge experienced by the electrons in them. 4d experiences a larger nuclear charge than 4f because 4d is closer to the nucleus.
Inside the subshell are orbitals. The s subshell contains 1 orbital, the p subshell contains 3 orbitals, the d subshell has 5 orbitals, and the f subshell has 7 orbitals. Every orbital can hold up to 2 electrons.
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as the term "peroxide" is used in chapter 10, it can refer to which structure(s)?
The RCOOCR structure can be referred to because the word "peroxide" is mentioned in Chapter 10. Carboxylic acid: A molecule with a carboxyl group (RCOOH; RCO2H).
Because of how easily the carboxyl group gives up a proton, carboxylic acids get their name (pKa usually in the range of 0-5). Structure of carboxylic acids in general. A carbon atom or group or a hydrogen atom is X. The carbonyl group (C=O) and Carboxylic group are what give the carboxyl (COOH) group its name. The acidity of the carboxylic acids is their primary chemical property. The major carrier was found to be carboxylic acids (RCOOH).
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the partial pressure of n2 and o2 in air at sea level (760.0 torr pressure) are 593.5 and 159.2 torr, respectively. what is the mol fraction of o2 in air?
The mole fraction [tex]O_{2}[/tex] in the air is - 0.20.
The mole fraction is defined as the ratio of the number of moles of solute to the number of moles of solute and solvent in a solution.The pressure exerted by an individual gas in a mixture is known as its partial pressure.Dalton's law of partial pressure states that the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases is equal to the total pressure of a mixture of gases.[tex]P_{Total} = P_{gas1} + P_{gas2} + P_{gas3} + .......[/tex]
The total pressure in the air is 760.0 torr.
The partial pressure [tex]O_{2}[/tex] is 159.2 torr.
∴ The mole fraction of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{Partial pressure of O_{2} }{ Total pressure}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{159.2}{760.0}[/tex]
= 0.20
So, the mole fraction [tex]O_{2}[/tex] in the air is - 0.20.
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how is unreacted t-pentyl alcohol removed in this experiment? look up the solubility of the alcohol and the alkyl halide in water.
t-pentyl alcohol is soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding and goes into aqueous layer and t-pentyl chloride soluble in organic layer and goes into organic layer.
Organic solvents are carbon-based substances capable of dissolving or dispersing one or more other substances. Organic solvents can be carcinogens, reproductive hazards, and neurotoxins. Carcinogenic organic solvents include benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and trichloroethylene.
After completion of reaction we have to add sodium bicarbonate to make pH to neutral (to quench HCl). Then charge organic solvent and water. Then shake the reaction mixture.
t-pentyl alcohol is soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding and goes into aqueous layer and t-pentyl chloride soluble in organic layer and goes into organic layer.
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a sample of 2.0 moles of hydrogen gas is placed in a container with a volume of 10.4 l. what is the pressure of the gas in torr if the gas is at 25oc?
Pressure of the gas in torr is 3575.77 when 2.0 moles of hydrogen gas are present in a container of 10.4 L at room temperature.
What is pressure in terms of gas ?
The average linear momentum of a gas's moving molecules is then calculated as the gas's pressure. Gases produce pressure, or force per unit of area. In addition to torr, atmosphere, and bar, the pressure of a gas can also be stated in many additional SI units, such as pascal or kilopascal.
Given :
Moles of hydrogen = 2.0 moles
volume of container = 10.4 L
Temperature = 25° C
Using the gas law
PV = nRT
P x 10.4 L = 2.0 moles x 0.0821 atm L/ mol k
P= 4.70 atm
P = 4.70 atm x 760 torr/ atm
P = 3575.77 torr
Thus pressure of the gas in torr is 3575.77 when 2.0 moles of hydrogen gas are present in a container of 10.4 L.
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the overall efficiency of the formation of retinal from beta-carotene is estimated at approximately what percentage?
The total effectiveness of producing retinal from beta-carotene is thought to be around 50%.
The most significant provitamin A is beta carotene, a precursor to vitamin A (retinol). It splits into two molecules of retinal, one of which undergoes further metabolic processing to provide retinol and retinoic acid. Carotene has three isomers: beta, alpha, and gamma, with beta being the most active. There are two ways that carotenoids can be converted into retinal. In the central cleavage process, -carotene 15,15′-mono-oxygenase catalyzes the cleavage of -carotene to produce one molecule of retinal from other provitamin A carotenoids or two molecules of retinal from -carotene.
complete question:
The overall efficiency of the formation of retinal from beta-carotene is estimated at approximately what percentage?
a. 20% b. 35% c. 50% d. 65%
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select the intermolecular force that is overcome when hexane is converted from a liquid to a gas.a. ion-dipole forcesb. hydrogen bondingc. london dispersion forced. dipole-dipole forces
The intermolecular force that is overcome when hexane is converted from a liquid to a gas is london dispersion force.
The force that hold molecules is the london dispersion forces. the hexene is the non polar molecule, so, the london dispersion force is predominant force. the london dispersion force are the type of the intermolecular forces which acts between the atoms caused by electrostatic force of the attraction.. the london dispersion is the weak force of attraction. it is temporary force of the attractions.
Thus, the london dispersion intermolecular force in acting ion the the hexane converted from the liquid to the gas.
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pressure has little effect on the solubility of liquids and solids because they are almost incompressible. This state of True Or False
- True
- False
Pressure has little effect on the solubility of liquids and solids because they are almost incompressible. This statement is True. Solid solubility hardly gets affected by changes in pressure.
A substance's physical and chemical characteristics affect how soluble it is. A few other factors and circumstances can also influence it. A few of them are: temperature, pressure, type of binding, and forces between the particles.
Pressure has a significantly greater impact on gases than it does on solids and liquids. The likelihood of a gas's solubility also increases as its partial pressure rises. One instance of how CO2 is stored under high pressure is in a soda bottle.
In like, like dissolves.
Each molecule has a unique set of intermolecular forces and connections. The likelihood of solubility between two dissimilar compounds is less likely than that between like substances. For instance, ethanol is highly soluble in water, a polar solvent, whereas water is not.
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the mass of water obtained in a combustion analysis of a 1.000 g sample of an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen is 0.2980 g. what is the mass percent of hydrogen in the compound?
The mass percentage of hydrogen in the compound is 3.335% when a 1000g sample of an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen of 0.2980g.
The mass of water obtained in combustion analysis of a 1.000 g sample of an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen is 0.2980 g
Mass of sample=1.000g
mass of water= 0.2980 g
Molar mass of water= 18.02 g/mole
No. of moles of H2O = given mass/ molar mass
= 0.2980 / 18.02 gram/ mole
= 0.01653
1 mole of H2O contain 1 mole of H. so, 0.01653 mole of water contains moles of H2O is equals to,
(0.01653 mole H2O) . (2 mole H / 1 mole H2O ) . (1.008gH / 1 mole H)
= 0.033324gH
mass percentage of H in the compound is,
mass% H = (0.033324gH / 1000g) . 100%
= 3.335%
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consider the structure of the amino acid aspartic acid. indicate the hybridization about each interior atom.
They are known as the s p 3 hybrid orbitals because they are made up of ones atomic orbital and three p atomic orbitals. Aspartic acid's structural formula is C4H7NO4, as shown in the image below:
The concept of hypothetical orbitals mixing to produce new orbitals with the same energy is referred to as hybridization. The orbitals are shown with hybrid orbitals. Only sigma bonding makes use of hybrid orbitals. Hybridization is the process of combining atomic orbitals to create new hybridized orbitals. These recently hybridized orbitals are known as hybrid orbitals. The total number of atomic orbitals fused will always equal the total number of hybrid orbitals. For example, one s atomic orbital and three p atomic orbitals may combine.
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What are the products of the following reactions? (A trace amount of acid is present in each case.)A. cyclopentanone + cyclohexylamineB. 3-pentanone + butylamineC. 3-pentanone + cyclohexylamine
Imines are the nitrogen analogues of aldehydes and ketones, containing a C=N bond instead of a C=O bond.
They are formed through the addition of a primary amine to an aldehyde or ketone, kicking out a molecule of water (H2O) in the process.
In this post we show some examples of the synthesis of imines, walk through the mechanism for their formation, provide a few of their reactions and compare their properties to those of aldehydes and ketones.
A primary amine is added nucleophilically to the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone to begin the reversible process of amine production. After that, a proton transfer creates a carbinolamine, a neutral amino alcohol. The carbinolamine oxygen is acid protonated to create a better leaving group, which is then removed as water to create an iminium ion. The ultimate imine product is produced when nitrogen is deprotonated.
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calculate the depth below the surface of water at which the pressure due to the weight of water equals 2 atm?
The depth below the surface of water at which the pressure due to the weight of water equals 2 atm is 10.2m.
Calculation:-
Entering the known values into the expression for h gives
h = 1.01 × 105N/m2(2.00×103kg/m3)(9.80m/s2) = 10.2m.
Force normal to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. At a point in the gas, pressure acts in all directions. At the surface of a gas, compressive forces act perpendicular to the surface. If the gas is moving as a whole, the measured pressure will be different in the direction of movement.
Pressure is defined as the physical force exerted on an object. The force applied is normal to the surface of the object per unit area. The basic formula for pressure. The unit of pressure is Pascal. Pressure types include absolute, atmospheric, differential, and gauge. Pressure is a measure of the force exerted on a surface per unit area.
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since the beginning of the industrial revolution, about 340 to 420 petagrams carbon (a petagram or pg is 1015 grams) in the form of co2 has been emitted to the atmosphere. how much of this anthropogenic carbon dioxide has been absorbed by the world's oceans? select one: a. about 1/3 of it b. about 1/4 of it. c. about 1/2 of it. d. none
CO2 produced by humans About 1/3 of carbon dioxide has been absorbed by the oceans. with an atmospheric carbon content of more than 800 billion tons.
What is a carbon's purpose?Metals are melted using coke made from coal and charcoal, two forms of impure carbon. In the iron and steel sectors, it is particularly crucial. Pencil leads, electric motor brushes, and furnace linings all include graphite.
What elements makes up carbon?A carbon atom has a nucleus made up of six protons and six neutrons that is encircled by six electrons. The first two electrons must occupy the inner atomic orbital according to quantum mechanics, while the other four electrons must have wavefunctions that only partially fill the second standard and three second primary orbitals.
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A person runs 1 km. How does his speed affect the total energy needed to cover this distance?A. A faster speed requires less total energy.B. A faster speed requires more total energy.C. The total energy is about the same for a fast speed and a slow speed.
A person runs 1 km. Then his speed affects the total energy needed to cover this distance: A faster speed requires more total energy.
In everyday life, of course, you have seen vehicles running, fans spinning, and balls rolling. However, do you realize that we are actually witnessing a kinetic energy event firsthand.
What is kinetic energyUnderstanding kinetic energy Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object caused by the force of motion. The term kinetic comes from the Greek, 'kinetikos', which means to move. Therefore, an object moving at a certain speed must have kinetic energy, while an object that is not moving does not have kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy is also called motion energy, where the movement of an object can produce other energy. For example, motion energy can be turned into electrical energy, eventually that electrical energy can be utilized by humans.
Types of kinetic energyKinetic energy is divided into two types which are classified based on the movement of an object, namely:
Translational kinetic energyThis type of translation is kinetic energy produced by objects moving in a straight line with the same direction and speed. For example, a car driving on a highway and a bullet moving in a straight line.
Rotational kinetic energyThis is a condition when an object rotates. When rotating, the amount of energy in it can change. For example, the rotation of the earth around the sun, a spinning top that rotates on its axis, and a Ferris wheel.
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the elctron is moving from enregy level 2 to energy level 1 (the ground state). what happens during this transition
The energy of the electron will decrease when it transitions from energy level 2 to energy level 1 (the ground state).
It should be clear that for an electron to get stimulated from its ground state, energy must be added to it. Similar to this, as an electron descends to a lower energy level from a higher energy level, it releases energy. We can determine how much energy is received or released during an electron's transition . It goes without saying that a positive energy shift indicates that the electron absorbs energy, whereas a negative energy change suggests that the electron releases energy.
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If the temperature of a fixed amount of an ideal gas is increased, it NECESSARILY follows that?
a. the pressure of the gas will increase.
b. the volume of the gas will increase.
c. the average kinetic energy will increase
d. All of the above statements are correct.
The volume of an ideal gas must obviously rise if the temperatures of a fixed sum of the gas is raised.
Explain what an ideal gas is.The phrase "ideal gas" describes a fictitious gas made up of molecules that adhere to the following principles: No attraction or repellence exists between the molecules of ideal gases. Only an unbalanced force upon impact would occur between molecules of a perfect gas.
What is the ideal gas worth?Because when pressure is expressed in kPa, the real gases characteristic is found to be 8.314J/Kmol. The pressure, area, temperature, & number of moles of an ideal gas are all related by a single equation known as the ideal gas law. Pressure, density, & temperature of a gas are related by the combined gas law.
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As the first five elements in group 14 are considered in order from top to bottom, there are changes in both the.
As the first five elements in group 14 are considered in order from top to bottom, there are changes in both the electronegativity values and atomic radii changes.
The columns of the periodic table that contain elements with the same number of valence electrons are referred to as groups. The atomic size of the elements grows as one moves from top to bottom in the 14th group of the periodic table, while electronegativity drops. All elements will have an equal number of electrons in their initial shell and their outermost shell. Thus, changes in atomic radii and electronegativity levels.
Further, The group 14 elements exhibit the periodic table's broadest variation of the chemical behaviour of any group. In general, the electronegativity falls as we advance down the group. Ionization energies drop as atomic radii rise within the group. Down the group, the metallic characteristics also get stronger.
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which element is oxidized in this reaction? zno+c→zn+co enter the chemical symbol of the element.
Therefore, in ZnO + C Zn + CO, Zinc is reduced and Carbon is oxidised as a result of the loss of electrons (due to gain in electrons). Zinc's oxidation state decreases from +2 to 0, indicating that it is becoming reduced.
The material is referred to be an oxidising agent when it reduces itself and oxidised other substances. The oxidising agent in this case is ZnO. Carbon's oxidation state electrons rises from 0 to +2. ZnO is reduced in the reaction because it reduces CO to Zn by giving up its oxygen. On the other hand, CO is getting oxidised since it is receiving oxygen and generating CO2.
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a 5ml sample of a nitric acid solution is titrated with 33.5 ml of 0.201 m naoh. what is the molarity of the nitric acid solution
In this case, the molarity of the nitric acid solution is (33.5 mL * 0.201 M) / 5 mL = 0.067 M.
In a titration, a measured volume of a solution with an unknown concentration (the titrant) is added to a known volume of a solution with a known concentration (the analyte) until the reaction is complete, at which point the concentration of the unknown solution can be calculated. In the case of a nitric acid solution, the concentration can be determined by titrating the acid solution with a standard solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which has a known concentration. The volume of NaOH solution required to complete the reaction is used to calculate the concentration of the nitric acid solution using the following formula: Molarity of acid = (Volume of NaOH used * Concentration of NaOH) / (Volume of acid). This method allows for the accurate determination of the concentration of the nitric acid solution.
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Help please as fast as possible. What is an example of mutualism between three organisms in the forest. thankyou
An example of mutualism is between the ants and the acacia plants in the forest.
What is mutualism?Mutualism can be described as the interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit. Mutualism is a general type of ecological interaction. Examples include vascular plants engaged with mycorrhizae in mutualistic interactions, flowering plants pollinated by animals, and corals with zooxanthellae, among many others.
Mutualism can be contrasted with competition, in which each species experiences decreased fitness, and exploitation, in which one species benefits at the expense of the other.
Mutualism can be described as conflated with two other kinds of ecological phenomena which are cooperation and symbiosis. Cooperation can be described as an increase in fitness through within-species interactions, although it has been used to refer to mutualistic interactions.
Symbiosis includes two species living in physical contact over a long period of their existence.
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if the ea for the forward reaction is 25 kj/mol and the enthalpy of reaction is -95 kj/mol, what is ea for the reverse reaction?
The Ea of the reverse reaction is 120 kJ/mol, that is calculated by using the enthalpy of reaction.
The Activation energy of a reverse reaction is the difference between the energy of the Activated complex and the energy of the products. The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that must be provided for compounds to result in a chemical reaction.
Ea of the forward reaction is 25 kJ/mol.
The enthalpy of reaction is -95 kJ/mol.
No, the activation energy for a forward reaction is not equal to the activation energy for the reverse of the same reaction.
Ea = 95 + 25 = 120 KJ/mol
Therefore, the Ea of the reverse reaction is 120 kJ/mol.
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Describe the evidence of a chemical change when burning a piece of paper
Answer: So the burning of paper is considered as a chemical change as the paper after burning changes into ashes and fumes of gases evolve.
Explanation:
consider a solution prepared by adding 2.70 g acetic acid, ch3co2h2 to 122.8 g of water. what is the percent by mass of acetic acid in the solution? do not include any units in your answer. answer should be to 3 sig figures.
The solution prepared by the adding the 2.70 g of acetic acid to the 122.8 g of the water . the percent by mass of the acetic acid in solution is 2.15 %.
given that :
mass of acetic acid = 2.70 g
mass of the water = 122.8 g
the mass of the solution = 2.70 g + 122.8 g
= 125.5 g
the percent by mass of the acetic is given below :
percent by mass =( mass of the acetic acid / mass of solution ) × 100 %
percent by mass = (2.70 / 125.5 ) × 100 %
percent by mass = 2.15 %
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