Tongue
The four intrinsic tongue muscles work together to give the tongue great flexibility.
The nervous system must receive and process information about the world outside in order to react, communicate, and keep the body healthy and safe. Much of this information comes through the sensory organs: the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin. Specialized cells and tissues within these organs receive raw stimuli and translate them into signals the nervous system can use. Nerves relay the signals to the brain, which interprets them as sight (vision), sound (hearing), smell (olfaction), taste (gustation), and touch (tactile perception).
1. The Eyes Translate Light into Image Signals for the Brain to Process
The eyes sit in the orbits of the skull, protected by bone and fat. The white part of the eye is the sclera. It protects interior structures and surrounds a circular portal formed by the cornea, iris, and pupil. The cornea is transparent to allow light to enter the eye, and curved to direct it through the pupil behind it. The pupil is actually an opening in the colored disk of the iris. The iris dilates or constricts, adjusting how much light passes through the pupil and onto the lens. The curved lens then focuses the image onto the retina, the eye’s interior layer. The retina is a delicate membrane of nervous tissue containing photoreceptor cells. These cells, the rods and cones, translate light into nervous signals. The optic nerve carries the signals from the eye to the brain, which interprets them to form visual images.
2. The Ear Uses Bones and Fluid to Transform Sound Waves into Sound Signals
Music, laughter, car honks — all reach the ears as sound waves in the air. The outer ear funnels the waves down the ear canal (the external acoustic meatus) to the tympanic membrane (the “ear drum”). The sound waves beat against the tympanic membrane, creating mechanical vibrations in the membrane. The tympanic membrane transfers these vibrations to three small bones, known as auditory ossicles, found in the air-filled cavity of the middle ear. These bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – carry the vibrations and knock against the opening to the inner ear. The inner ear consists of fluid-filled canals, including the spiral-shaped cochlea. As the ossicles pound away, specialized hair cells in the cochlea detect pressure waves in the fluid. They activate nervous receptors, sending signals through the cochlear nerve toward the brain, which interprets the signals as sounds.
3. Specialized Receptors in the Skin Send Touch Signals to the Brain
Skin consists of three major tissue layers: the outer epidermis, middle dermis, and inner hypodermis. Specialized receptor cells within these layers detect tactile sensations and relay signals through peripheral nerves toward the brain. The presence and location of the different types of receptors make certain body parts more sensitive. Merkel cells, for example, are found in the lower epidermis of lips, hands, and external genitalia. Meissner corpuscles are found in the upper dermis of hairless skin — fingertips, nipples, the soles of the feet. Both of these receptors detect touch, pressure, and vibration. Other touch receptors include Pacinian corpuscles, which also register pressure and vibration, and the free endings of specialized nerves that feel pain, itch, and tickle.
4. Olfaction: Chemicals in the Air Stimulate Signals the Brain Interprets as Smells
The sense of smell is called olfaction. It starts with specialized nerve receptors located on hairlike cilia in the epithelium at the top of the nasal cavity. When we sniff or inhale through the nose, some chemicals in the air bind to these receptors. That triggers a signal that travels up a nerve fiber, through the epithelium and the skull bone above, to the olfactory bulbs. The olfactory bulbs contain neuron cell bodies that transmit information along the cranial nerves, which are extensions of the olfactory bulbs. They send the signal down the olfactory nerves, toward the olfactory area of the cerebral cortex.
5. Home of the Taste Buds: The Tongue Is the Principal Organ of Gustation
What are all those small bumps on the top of the tongue? They’re called papillae. Many of them, including circumvallate papillae and fungiform papillae, contain taste buds. When we eat, chemicals from food enter the papillae and reach the taste buds. These chemicals (or tastants) stimulate specialized gustatory cells inside the taste buds, activating nervous receptors. The receptors send signals to fibers of the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves. Those nerves carry the signals to the medulla oblongata, which relays them to the thalamus and cerebral cortex of the brain.
Answer:
The motion of a mouse
Explanation:
Ik This is for A-P-3-X
Keep on cheating guys whatever it takes to pass :)
Orbits of the planet are
A) elliptical with earth at one of the foci
B) elliptical with the sun at one foci
Answer:
Elliptical with the sun at one foci
What distinguishes the brain from the spinal cord?
Answer:
The brain controls voluntary processes.
Explanation:
The brain and the spinal cord are both parts of the central nervous system, but the spinal cord controls only involuntary processes.
Bat wings, a human hand, and a whale flipper are all ________________structures. Explain WHY?
Butterfly wings and bat wings are examples of _______________ structures.
The mouths of horseflies and mosquitoes are examples of _______________ structures.
A _______________ structure is one that does not currently have a function in the organism. Give an example.
Comparing structures of embryos is an example of __________________.
If embryos share a common structure, what does that say about their evolutionary relationship?
How would the protein sequence of two closely related species compared to the protein sequences of two unrelated species? Give an example of each here.
Answers:
1.blank: Homologous
why?: They all have similar structures passed on from a common ancestor. Although they all have different functions now, they still all have the same basic pattern of bones.
2.blank: Analogous
why?: Butterflies and bats are both unrelated organisms but they both have similar structures. However, unlike homologous structures, analogous structures do the same job (help the organism fly) but are structured entirely differently because they evolved in the two species independently and did not share a common ancestor.
3.blank: Homologous
why?: (see question 1 ^)
4.blank: Vestigial
example: An example of a vestigial structure is a human's tail bone.
why?: Over time humans evolved and our tail bones shrank as we adapted. While we still have one, it serves no purpose in our lives today.
5.blank: Embryology
why?: Embryology is the branch of science and medicine that is focused on the development and study of embryos. Scientists in this field study the prenatal development of gametes, fertilization, and development of embryos and fetuses.
6.answer: They share a common ancestor
why?: Embryos of many different species can show evidence of sharing a common ancestor based on the similarities and structures of them all. Similar structures during development support common ancestry. For example, all vertebrae embryos develop gill slits and tails but not all develop into those structures. Over time as organisms evolved their structures changed with them.
7.answer: If the protein sequence of two species is closely related the two species are most likely similar, but the protein sequences of two unrelated species are not similar meaning these two species are very different. By comparing the positions of amino acids on protein chains you can determine how similar the species are. The less different the positions are, the more alike and related they are.
why?: For example, humans and chimpanzees only have one position on the amino acid chain where they are different but if you compare humans and moths there are 31 different positions.
I included some extra information in this for you so you hopefully can learn something too! I hope this helps and if you have any questions on what I put or anything else, let me know. :)
Pls help I’m literally so confused
Answer:
IT IS D
Explanation:
i did this and it was d
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Explain how electric fields make pollination efficient in plants.
Answer:
Electric field around flowers may help bees find nutritious blooms. Scientists report that bees and flowers appear to have a charged communication. In addition to a flower's color and scent, its electric field may also bring in bees, a new study shows
Explanation:
hope it helps
Answer:
hope it helps you stay happy
How many major organ systems exist in humans?
A. 15
B. 5
C. 11
D. 9
Answer:
C. 11
Explanation:
There are 11 major organ systems that exists in human beings. So, option (C) is the correct answer.
Glycolysis, or the breakdown of glucose, is a process used by almost all organisms as a way to release energy stored within glucose molecules. This energy can then be stored in cells as ATP, which powers cell processes when needed. What does this show, in terms of the evolutionary history of cells using glycolysis?
Answer:
It was one of the earliest metabolic pathways.
Explanation:
The evolutionary history of cells using glycolysis shows that It was one of the earliest metabolic pathways which is used by nearly all of the organisms on earth for the production of energy for the survival, growth and development. The first organisms used this pathway for the generation of energy and with the passage of time, new pathways are also formed as the organism evolved so we can conclude that glycolysis is the first pathway used by the earliest organisms.
A group of mice becomes separated by the formation of a river. Over time, the northern mice became smaller and whiter, while the southern mice became larger and browner. This is an example of:
Answer Choices:
-divergence
-homology
-gigantification
-industrial melanism
This is an example of gigantification.
What is meant by evolution?
Evolution is the change in the features of a species over several generations and depends on the procedure of natural selection. The theory of evolution is based on the idea that all species are related and gradually change over time.
Thus, this is an example of gigantification.
To learn more about evolution click here:
https://brainly.com/question/2725702
Which types of substances need energy and active transport
Answer:
Explanation:
Types of active transport include ion pumps, such as the sodium-potassium pump, and vesicle transport, which includes endocytosis and exocytosis. Cell transport helps cells maintain homeostasis by keeping conditions within normal ranges inside all of an organism's cells.
21. Choose the best answer.
The process of staying the same is
Answer:
The answer is homeostasis.
Explanation:
Remains, impressions, or traces of an organism that lived in the past
O Sedimentary Layers
O Fossils
O Diversity
Extinction
O Fossil Record
Answer:
FossilsExplanation:
Remains, impressions, or traces of an organism that lived in the past Fossils.Answer :
Fossils
Fossils are the remains of living things turned into mineral stones
There are many kinds of fossils. Fossils can be divided into several parts
Sory if wrong :)
What is true about two different cell types in the body?
Answer:
Option B
Explanation:
In cell differentiation, the objective is to differentiate cells based on their functions and the organs they are going to form. In this exercise, the cells need to get on and off to define the type of the cell and its function. Hence options A, C is important for cell differentiation. Information from DNA is transferred to mRNA for cell differentiation; hence option D is also correct. While option B has no role in cell differentiation loss of DNA segment could cause mutation i.e. deletion.
Hence, option B is the correct answer
HELP I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
The main point of this page is..???
Answer:
The Main point of the page is to explain Celestial Objects to audiences who didn't know before.
Explanation:
It's a page to deeper to understanding of Celestial Objects or floating rocks :)
i really need someone to help!! i’ll give brainlist and 50 points!
Answer:
the polar bear walks 30 seconds per minute
What molecule on the side of the DNA ladder do the nitrogenous bases bond to?
1. Ribose sugar
2. Amino acids
3. Phosphate groups
4. Deoxyribose sugar
*Urgent*
According to the food web shown above, what is the relationship between the wheat, the grasshopper, the frog, and the snake?
A. The snake directly consumes the frog, the grasshopper, and the wheat.
B. The grasshopper consumes the wheat, and the snake consumes the frog, but there is no connection between the other organisms.
C. The wheat is consumed by the grasshopper, the grasshopper is consumed by the frog, and the frog is consumed by the snake.
D. The wheat is directly consumed by both the grasshopper and the frog, and the frog and the grasshopper are directly consumed by the snake.
Answer:
The wheat is consumed by the grasshopper, the grasshopper is consumed by the frog, and the frog is consumed by the snake.
Explanation:
A food web is a model that can be used to better understand the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. Arrows in a food web start at a food source and end with the consumer.
So, in the food web shown in the question, the wheat is consumed by the grasshopper, the grasshopper is consumed by the frog, and the frog is consumed by the snake.
Answer:
Explanation:
HERC2 gene is made of
Answer:
Dna i think im not sure if it is right?
Explanation:
Answer:
HERC2 is a giant E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, implicated in DNA repair regulation, pigmentation and neurological disorders. It is encoded by a gene of the same name belonging to the HERC family, which typically encodes large protein products with C-terminal HECT domains and one or more RCC1-like (RLD) domains.
Explanation:
HELP I'LL GIVE BRAINLIEST
Which statement best describes a required component of cell differentiation?
A. The transcription of the myoD gene.
B. The selective loss of certain genes from the genome.
C. The production of tissue-specific proteins.
D. The movement of cells.
Please Help me (About Energy)
who is this Justin Bieber??!
Woodpeckers and squirrels fight for nesting rights in the same holes and spaces in trees, while the lions and cheetahs of the African savanna fight for the same antelope and gazelle prey. Which of the following statements about these relationships is accurate?
Answer:
its probably somehting abt competition :)
Explanation:
they fight for a limited resource which is competing
Answer:
These are examples of competition because the organisms are fighting for resources.
Explanation:
They are all fighting for the same things so it would be a competition.
Can you help me with biology?
Answer:
Explanation:
1. They can be only used once
2. ribosomes
3. hyper tonic
If youre good at genetic variation answer these pls
Answer:
1. nucleus
2. They contain half of the genetic material of the parent
3. The offspring receive half of their genetic information from one parent
I hope this is right
illustrate the cellular respiration pathway
Explanation:
Cellular respiration is a collection of three unique metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. ... In order to move from glycolysis to the citric acid cycle, pyruvate molecules (the output of glycolysis) must be oxidized in a process called pyruvate oxidation.
Answer number 5 HURRY PLEASE
Answer:A) the fossil records shows that organisms have changed very little over time
Explanation:
Potassium-40 has a half-life of 1.3 billion years. If a rock was
determined to be around 3.9 billion years old what percentage
of the original potassium-40 would be left in that rock sample?
Answer: The 3.9 billion year old rock has undergone three half-lives (3.9 divided by 1.3 = 3). After 3 half-lives, 12.5% of the potassium-40 remains undecayed.
The capybara is the largest rodent in the world. The anaconda is a giant water snake
that can eat a single capybara whole. Which of the following describes the
anaconda?
a)prey
b)predator
c)parasite
d)host
b) predator, this is because the capybara is the prey and c) + d) just dont work
Answer:
Answer is B
Ok I pull up
You throw a ball to win the
game. What systems are
working together to perform
the act of you throwing a
ball?
How do the nervous, muscular, & skeletal system
interact with each other to throw the ball?
(a) Identify the cellular location where PDC is most active.
Answer:
The mitochondria
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
The mutation will result in the translation of an inactive/nonfunctional Trp-T enzyme.
• The mutation will result in no translation of the Trp-T enzyme.
• The mutation will result in no/reduced production of I3PA
PLEASE HELP ME WITH QUESTIONS 7-8 ASAP!!!!!! DON’T PUT ANY LINKS!
How do weathering and erosion work together to change or build landforms
Answer:
Erosion is another geological process that creates landforms. When mechanical and chemical weathering breaks up materials on the Earth's surface, erosion can move them to new locations. For example, wind, water or ice can create a valley by removing material. Plateaus can also be formed this way.
Explanation: