compare and contrast the human digestive system with that of a bird
Comparison between Human and bird digestive system have various similarities such as small and large intestine but differences in organs to such as a birds have a crop, a proventriculus and a gizzard while humans do not have these organs.
The functions performed by organs in a bird varies with organ in human. A crop has a function where food is stored before being digested. It lies below esophagus. A proventriculus tube is a muscular tube that connects crop into the gizzard. It secretes acid to breakdown food chemically. Gizzard is a muscular sac below proventriculus consist of small rocks that helps grinds food because birds cannot initially chew food like mammals.
In humans, mouth and stomach are responsible for storage of food. Glands in stomach lining secretes acids and enzymes that initiate breakdown of food.
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most enzymes within cells are regulated by , during which the final product of a metabolic pathway competes with the substrate for the of an enzyme at the beginning of the pathway.
Most biological enzymes within cells are regulated by molecules such as activators and inhibitors during which the final product of a metabolic pathway competes with the substrate for the of an enzyme at the beginning of the pathway.
How are enzymes regulated by other molecules?Molecular substances such as the activators and the inhibitors help to regulate the activities of enzymatic activities which occurs within the cells of living organisms. These substances does this by increasing the activities of the metabolic activities or by slowing them down.
The molecular substances which helps to increase the activities of enzymes are known as the activators.The inhibitors are molecules which helps to decreases or lower the activities of enzymes.That being said, enzymes are biological substances which helps to speed up the rate if chemical or biochemical reactions in living organisms.
So therefore, enzymes which helps to catalyze reaction rate in living cells are usually, frequently and most of the time regulated by molecular substances such as activators and inhibitors.
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Salivary amylase is an enzyme that begins breaking down carbohydrates while the food is still in the mouth. Once the food passes into the stomach, what happens to the salivary amylase?.
Once the salivary amylase reaches the stomach the acids present in the stomach neutralize the salivary amylase and the breakdown of carbohydrates is ceased.
What is Salivary Amylase?One of the numerous enzyme systems in digestion and other biochemical processes is amylase. The class of chemicals known as enzymes helps organisms' chemical reactions go more quickly.
Chemical reactions inside the cells of living beings could not take place without enzymes. In the absence of these reactions, organisms would not be able to carry out essential life processes including cell division and food digestion. Enzymes are therefore crucial to the existence and wellbeing of all living organisms.
Since scientists first began studying enzymes in the early 1800s, amylase has played a key role in human history. It was originally known as disgust, but in the early 1900s, the name was changed.
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7. Why is it impossible for a paper clip to contain the enzyme catalase?
The enzyme catalase cannot be found in a paper clip because the enzyme is only produced by the liver of living cells.
What is catalase?Catalase is the enzyme found in the liver that catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to molecular water and oxygen.
According to this question, it is impossible for a paper clip to contain the enzyme catalase because it is produced by the liver, which is an organ that is found only in living cells.
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How many molecules of glucose could a plant make with 12 molecules of both CO2 and H2O?
A plant can make 2 molecules of glucose with 12 molecules of both CO2 and H2O.
6CO2 + 6H2O +light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2.
According to the equation, one molecule of glucose is created when six molecules of carbon dioxide react with six molecules of water.
Therefore, 2 molecules of glucose would result from the combination of 12 molecules of carbon dioxide and 12 molecules of water.
What is glucose?With the molecular formula C6H12O6, glucose is a simple sugar. Monosaccharides are a subgroup of carbohydrates, and glucose is the most prevalent one. In order to create cellulose, the most prevalent carbohydrate in the world, glucose is primarily produced by plants and the majority of algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide with the help of solar energy.
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Which is the only macromolecule
to contain Phosphorus atoms?
ATP molecule and ADP molecule are macromolecules containing phosphorus. They are very important in photosynthesis.
how abiotic factors limit the dynamic of community?
This is how abiotic factors limit the dynamic of community-
The ecology of high altitudes, especially the alpine forest, has historically been thought to be dominated by abiotic causes. Altitude, regional climate, and orographics can all have a significant impact on sunlight, temperature, water, and gas-phase nutrients (such CO2 and O2) (e.g., maritime vs. continental mountain ranges). In addition, a number of elements, including as solar and long-wave radiation, wind, and ambient humidity, that affect the energy balance and temperature of leaves may also change with elevation.
What are abiotic factors?Abiotic components or abiotic factors or variables are non-living chemical and physical elements of the environment that have an impact on living things and the health of ecosystems in biology and ecology. Biology as a whole is supported by abiotic causes and the phenomena that go along with them.
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What defines someone as a female?
A. The extra X chromosome in the DNA
B. The extra Y chromosome in the DNA
C. A person's opinion
D. The definition of a female varies depending on each person
Answer:
male produce xx and xy chromose
so, xx for male and xy for female
the correct option is ( b )
the electron transport chain . group of answer choices is a series of substitution reactions takes place in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells is driven by atp consumption is a series of redox reactions
The electron transport chain is a series of proteins and organic molecules found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Electrons are passed from one member of the transport chain to another in a series of redox reactions.
The oxidative phosphorylation process, also known as the electron transport chain, is a collection of four protein complexes that combine redox events to produce an electrochemical gradient that results in the production of ATP. Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration take place in mitochondria. In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one molecule to another
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Why is groundwater an important source of freshwater storage?
a.
It constitutes approximately 30% of Earth’s freshwater.
b.
It is the only viable source of freshwater in some areas.
c.
It is available in conditions of drought.
d.
All of the above
The reason that groundwater a vital point for freshwater storage is option A. It constitutes approximately 30% of Earth’s freshwater.
What is the freshwater source about?Groundwater as well as surface waters are known to be the two primary ways to get fresh water. Groundwater is seen as water that is seen under or beneath the earth's surface and can be taken or obtained in a variety of ways.
Note that Groundwater is an essential source of freshwater because it makes up some big part of the freshwater on Earth. Groundwater is a vital supply of freshwater for areas that does not or are unable to gain access to other water sources, such as those that are said to be experiencing droughts.
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The m checkpoint is an example of a checkpoint that is internally controlled by the cell. What would be the potential consequence seen in daughter cells if the cell received a stop signal at this checkpoint but was able to continue to anaphase anyway?.
All the potential processes (meiosis and cytokinesis) are completed but the daughter cell could have missing or extra chromosomes if the cell received a stop signal at this checkpoint but was able to continue to anaphase anyway.
The cell checks whether each sister chromatid is appropriately connected to the spindle microtubules at the M checkpoint, also known as the spindle checkpoint. The cycle won't continue until every chromosome is firmly linked to at least two spindle fibers from opposite poles of the cell, as the separation of the sister chromatids during anaphase is an irreversible process. The cell's internal signaling pathways are activated or inactivated by a group of essential proteins by the m checkpoint, which is one of the internal and external stimuli that advances the cell cycle.
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Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?
The flowers are prettier than the trees; the rabbits eat grasses and sedges. The
flowers are prettier than the trees; the rabbits eat grasses and sedges
In 2012 reduced food availability reduced the white tailed deer population on the
Upper Santa Cruz River considerably.
In 2012 there were 18 white tailed deer and 7 coyotes on the Upper Santa Cruz River.
The sky has cloud cover and visibility is limited.
In 2012 there were 18 white tailed deer and 7 coyotes on the Upper Santa Cruz River is an example of quantitative data and is therefore denoted as option C.
What is Quantitative data?This is referred to as the type of data which is quantified and is usually expressed in numbers, percentages etc rather than descriptive words or phrases. An example of this type of data include the length, breadth, the number of species present in a place etc.
This type of data can be measured and in the answer given we can deduce that the data consists of numbers such as 18 white tailed deer and 7 coyotes which have been counted by the individual which is different from the remaining options.
This is therefore the reason why option C was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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Explain how one gene can have many variations
A gene can have many variants, which produce physical differences in individuals.
What are many variants of genes?Genetic variations can arise from gene variants (also called mutations) or from a normal process in which genetic material is rearranged as a cell gets ready to divide (known as genetic recombination). Genetic variations that alter gene activity or protein function can introduce different traits in an organism these are differences between individuals inherited from parents, such as the color of your eyes, hair, and skin. Environmental variation - these are differences between individuals that are not inherited but caused by the environment that the organism lives in, including scars and tattoos. Genetic diversity has three different sources: mutation, recombination, and immigration of genes. Alleles are essential because they account for the differences in inherited characteristics from one individual to another. There are a total of 324 million known variants in human genomes
so we can conclude that physical differences in individuals are produced from the presence of many variants of gene.
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What does the ecosystem receive from the outside world?
food, water, timber, air purification, soil formation and pollination
In organisms that use photosystem ii and i during photosynthesis, what would be the most likely outcome of a mutation that prevented noncyclic photophosphorylation?.
Increased NADP+ levels would be the most likely outcome of a mutation that prevented noncyclic photophosphorylation in organisms that use photosystems ii and i during photosynthesis.
NADP+ levels are somehow raised while preventing noncyclic photophosphorylation due to Mutations that are frequently light-sensitive during photosynthesis. There are other mutants that have been chosen for their higher resistance to photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides or to plastid translation inhibitors. most pleiotropic mutations in the photosynthetic apparatus. The remaining subunits of a complex are generated when one subunit is missing, but they are improperly put together and quickly deteriorate, affecting all of the complex's components.
This feature makes it more difficult to pinpoint the underlying lesion in a mutant, but it also highlights very active proteolytic surveillance. Although at a late stage, this proteolytic system may work in a posttranslational process to control the stoichiometric accumulation of the subunits of each complex.
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Within the past 30 years, nearly 50% of today’s 600 taxa of primates are endangered, in large part due to human activity. Identify the ways in which anthropologists work to protect endangered primates, such as this highly endangered northern muriqui.
The ways in which anthropologists work to protect endangered primates, such as this highly endangered northern muriqui are introduce primates raised in captivity into new environments in the wild, study primates in their natural environments, work with local communities in areas where endangered primates live.
It is important that we study endangered species in their natural environment so that we come to know what are the essential requirement of these organisms for survival. By providing these requirements, organisms can be moved to places where they can be better able to reproduce and live.
The primates that became andangered because of raising them in captivitiy shall be moved to open environments where their growth can flourish.
The local communities of the areas where endangered species are present can help us know what were the reasons for a species to become such low in number.
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Describe what is meant by a structural protein and provide two examples in the human body
The structural proteins are those proteins that are known to provide support to body structures. The types of structural proteins found in the body are keratin, collagen, and elastin.
What are proteins?The protein is one of the major classes of food that has the major function of repairing worn out tissues of the body.
The various type of protein include the following:
Antibodies, Contractile proteins, Enzymes, Hormonal proteins, Structural proteins.Storage proteins, and transport proteins.
The types of structural proteins include the following:
Keratin: The structural protein that provides support for the hair and nails.
Collagen: The structural protein that provides support for the for the muscles and bones.
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The plants and snails build larger carbon-based molecules from sugars the plant produce during photosynthesis. Option D.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is a biological process during which plants make use of inorganic substances to make carbohydrates. The inorganic molecules are water and carbon dioxide and the process is powered by solar radiation from the sun.
When plants make carbohydrates in the form of sugar, they utilize them to make other carbon-based molecules and grow as a result.
Snails are not able to synthesize sugar on their own. Instead, they feed on plants and make use of the sugar synthesized by plants to build carbon molecules. The molecules are then used to build cells and tissues in order for the snail to grow.
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Over the next several days, Sandy, Matt, and Jim debated the possibility of an embryonic stem cell treatment. The Allisons were conflicted about this decision because they were devout Christians who strongly opposed abortion, and they had heard that embryonic stem cells came from aborted fetuses.
Sandy brought this issue up with Dr. Gupta, the head investigator for the experimental stem cell study.
“Doctor, we are excited about the possibility of a treatment that may enable Jim to walk again. However, we do not want to harm other lives in the process of curing our son. Will this treatment result in the death of innocent lives?” Sandy asked Dr. Gupta.
1. Why is there controversy surrounding the therapeutic use of embryonic stem cells?
2. What embryos are used as the source for embryonic stem cells? What would happen to these embryos if they were not used in such treatments?
3. Taking into account the information you provided for the last question, how would you answer Sandy’s question to Dr. Gupta?
1) The controversy about stem cells is the fact that life is destroyed in order to obtain it.
2) The early-stage embryos are used as the source for embryonic stem cells. If they are not used for stem cells, they would develop to become babies.
3) The use of the stem cells must result in the death of innocent lives.
What is stem cell?The term stem cell has to do with the kind of cells that could be used in the treatment of certain conditions that require the regeneration of cells. These are those kinds of cells that would lead to a possible cure for some very serious diseases such as the sickle cell anemia and damaged joints and spinal injuries.
There have been a lot of controversies that surround the stem cells because of the fact that it involves obtaining the stem cells from early-stage embryos and these can only be obtained during the cause of abortion. The early-stage embryos are destroyed after the stem cells are harvested so they never make it to the world.
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Insulin is most directly related to which function?
movement
feeding
reproduction
homeostasis
Answer: (Option D) Insulin is most directly related to homeostasis.
Explanation: Homeostasis is the ability to maintain balance of body against a change in the environment. Insulin is a harmone which controls the glucose level in the blood. If the glucose level is high in the blood, the insulin gives message to the liver to absorb glucose from the blood and when glucose level is low, the liver released glucose into the blood. So insulin helps in the homeostasis of the body.
If a species has 42% adenine what percentage of thymine will it have
If a species has 42% adenine, then 42% of thymine will have.
How can I determine the adenine-to-thymine ratio?The four nucleotide bases that makeup DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) (T).
Adenine nucleotides on one strand pair with thymine bases on the other strand in a double-stranded DNA molecule. Information in DNA is encoded by the arrangement of the four nucleotide bases.
Because hydrogen bonds can only form in specific configurations, A is always paired with T, and G is always paired with C.
The Chargaff rule states that adenine concentration equals thymine concentration. The [T] will consequently likewise be 40% if [A]=40%. However, this rule only applies to double-stranded DNA molecules.
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A city council meeting is planned to discuss the possible reasons for the trend shown in the graph.
Patricia, a local student, conducts some research of her own. She finds graphical data supporting the idea that the change in the
city's population over the past 5 years has caused the change in the amount of solid waste ending up in the landfill. She plans to
present her findings to the city council.
Which of the following graphs most likely represents Patricia's data?
Will could be the father of this child.
Describe the types of blood
A, B, AB, and O are the four primary blood types (groups). The genes you inherited from your parents decide what blood group you will be.
Eight different blood types exist, and each one can either be RhD positive or RhD negative.
Each biological parent donates one of their two ABO alleles to their child. A mother who is blood type O can only pass an O allele to her son or daughter. A father who is blood type AB could pass either an A or a B allele to his son or daughter. This couple could have children of either blood type A (O from mother and A from father) or blood type B (O from mother and B from father).
Hence Will could be the father of this child.
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describe the differences between age structure graphs of non growing, slowly growing and rapidly growing countries
The difference between the age structure graphs of non growing, slowly growing and rapidly growing countries is the birth rate and death rate of countries in each class.
What are age structure graphs ?There are so many countries in the world and each of the countries that we have in the world is unique in terms of the demography of the country. The demography has to do with the distribution of the people in a place according to age, sex and geographical location.
For the rapidly growing countries, we would notice that the age structure lies mostly towards the elderly. This implies that the birth rate and the death rate of the population ha achieved a sort of equilibrium.
For the slowing growing countries, the birth rate remains high but not so much as high as the non growing countries. This implies that the population of the countries are also within a manageable limit.
For the nongrowing countries, the birth rate is very much higher than the death rate thus there is a population explosion which puts pressure on the economy.
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non mendelian inheritance explain
Explanation:
Non-Mendelian inheritance refers to the inheritance of traits that have a more complex genetic basis than one gene with two alleles and complete dominance.
Air is a mixture of gases. We use a Fractional Distillation to separate out different substances from air.
Q:Write down the constituent substances of air?
The constituent substances of air are water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, argon, and nitrogen.
What are the constituents of air?The major constituents of air are Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon dioxide gas because they are present in large amounts. The composition of the atmosphere i.e. air mostly consists of nitrogen and oxygen and also contains small amounts of argon, carbon dioxide, and trace amounts of other gases like helium, neon, methane, krypton, and hydrogen. The major constituent of air is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% of other gases, dust particles, impurities, and water vapor. Nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, argon, and carbon dioxide take up about 99% of the composition of air.
So we can conclude that water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, argon, and nitrogen are present in the composition of air.
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What is a keratin Protein?
( full explanation)
A keratin protein is a major type of fibrous protein found in diverse body tissues such as hair, and epidermis.
What is the epidermis?The epidermis is the most superficial layer of the dermis, which is ainly composed of keratin and forms an epithelial tissue that covers the body and functions as a barrier to protect it from environmental factors.
Moreover, keratin is a fibrous protein because it forms a longed polypeptide chain whose tertiary structure is similar to fiber. The fibrous proteins include the diverse type of polypeptides found in body tissues (i.e., collagen, elastin, keratin, fibrin).
The major three major classes of proteins depending on their structure include:Fibrous proteins Globular proteins Derived proteinsTherefore, we can conclude that keratin is a fibrous protein that forms a long polypeptide chain and it can be found in diverse tissues of the body such as, for example, the epidermis or hair.
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What are examples of star.
Answer:
Jjuiii
Explanation:
Hyuu8757u5
Answer:
torcularis septentrionalis
Explanation:
a binary star in the constellation of pisces, its visible to the nake5d eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 4.27. based upon an annual parallax shift of 11.67 mas as seen from the earth, the system is located roughly 280 light-years from the sun.
Describe the motion you would feel as the wave advanced and carried you from the
trough to the crest
Which term includes all the activities required to keep an organism alive?
1. growth
2. excretion
3. metabolism
4.nutrition
At which location would earthquakes be least likely to occur?
A
Locations like Antarctica would be least likely to experience an earthquake because they have less or no faulty lines.
Earthquakes are the tremors that occur inside the surface of the earth due to the slipping of tectonic plates against each other. The frequency of earthquake depends upon various factors like distance from the epicenter, the intensity of slippage of tectonic plates, etc.
Faulty lines are the fractures that are present between two rocks inside the Earth's surface. Since plain region do not have rocks that is the reason why faulty lines cannot be found there and hence earthquakes are also less, as their rapid movement causes earthquake.
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