Answer:
I believe that this is balanced.
Answer: balenced
Explanation:
Just took a quiz on this, it was sucky but I got a few right and this was one of them <3
Compare and contrast the genome organisation, infection strategies and diseases of a multipartite and monopartite virus.
Answer:
Multipartite viruses have one of the most puzzling genetic organizations found in living organisms. These viruses have several genome segments, each containing only a part of the genetic information, and each individually encapsidated into a separate virus particle. While countless studies on molecular and cellular mechanisms of the infection cycle of multipartite viruses are available, just as for other virus types, very seldom is their lifestyle questioned at the viral system level. Moreover, the rare available “system” studies are purely theoretical, and their predictions on the putative
benefit/cost balance of this peculiar genetic organization have not received experimental support. In light of ongoing progresses in general virology, we here challenge the current hypotheses explaining the evolutionary success of multipartite viruses and emphasize their shortcomings. We also discuss alternative ideas and research avenues to be explored in the future in order to solve the long-standing mystery of how viral systems composed of interdependent but physically separated information units can actually be functional.
The perusal of the literature presented above illustrates our current ignorance on the reasons explaining why multipartite viruses are so successful. The simple fact that they can be ssRNA, dsRNA, or ssDNA likely indicates that multi-encapsidation has evolved more than once, and yet we are unable to confirm any associated beneficial aspects. The proposed putative benefits are not yet convincing because of a lack of data, and because most also appear valid for segmented virus, thus not explaining multi-encapsidation. We believe further experimental work on the specifics of the biology of multipartite viruses is necessary to evaluate and challenge the existing hypotheses, and, even better, propose new ones perhaps more pertinent or unforeseen. A possibility that should not be ignored is that, because multipartitism most likely evolved independently several times, its evolution may have responded to distinct selection pressures: it is possible that the reasons that led to the evolution of multipartitism differ in different groups of viruses and that potential benefits that exist in one group do not exist in another. As concluding remarks, we outline a few research lines that could clarify or assign specific properties to multipartite viruses that we judge immediately critical.
Structural, physical, and biochemical properties of the virus particles depending on the contained segment(s) should be investigated in more detail. An important outreach of these studies (detailed in section 4) is that distinct properties of particles containing different segments may reflect an adaptive process involved in the temporal regulation of gene expression specific to multipartite viral systems. Although such variable particle properties were shown to be related to the RNA folding structure, they may also be important for multipartite ssDNA viruses in which secondary/tertiary folding structures of various segments appear to have unknown biological functions [97].
Also related to the regulation of gene expression, the discovery of the genome formula in populations of the nanovirus FBNSV [50] contributes to the consideration of a putative important role of gene copy number variations in the biology of viruses. Prominent questions are whether the genome formula is also controlled in other multipartite viruses, whether it actually regulates gene and phenotype expression, and whether it is an adaptive and evolvable trait. While arguments in favor of the adaptive regulation of gene copy number in multipartite viruses are discussed in section 3, a direct experimental demonstration is still lacking.
1.Compare the hibiscus and spider lily pollen grain structure.
2.Why stigma at the top of the pistil is often sticky?
3.Why pollen is important in fertilization?
Answer:
Explanation:
Hibiscus flowers attract pollinators with their bright colors and a bull's-eye pattern leading to a deep throat. The deep throat and prominent stamen and stigma mean pollinators need to bump the stigma to probe deeper in the flower. Pollen sticks to the pollinator and is transferred to the female parts of either the same flower or sometimes a different flower. Pollinators are rewarded for their pollination efforts by by being allowed to consume the surplus pollen the flowers produce.not sure about spider lily
answer for 2 The top part of the pistil is called the stigma and is sticky so it will trap and hold pollen. In flowering plants, the flower functions in sexual reproduction.
answer for 3 The ultimate function of pollen is to deliver male gametes (sperm) from the stamen of a plant to an ovule for fertilization of an egg, which then develops into a seed
Mary loved having her own garden and would often spend many hours tending to its care. She was meticulous in watering the plants,pulling the dreaded weeds, and harvesting the fruits and vegetables as they ripened. Her garden consisted of corn, tomatoes, greenbeans, okra, zucchini, squash, lima beans, watermelon, and cantaloupe. Often, the garden would produce much more than Mary andher daughter, Sue, could eat. Rather than waste the delicious food, the ladies would spend hours on the weekend canning the excessvegetables and fruit. It was something they had done for many years. On this particular occasion, Sue noticed that the pressure cooker,the instrument used to sterilize the canned food, did not seem to be acting quite right, but the cans were hot when they came out soshe figured everything would be okay.Several months after their weekend of canning, the ladies invited the entire family over for Thanksgiving dinner. The meal consisted ofturkey, ham, chicken, macaroni and cheese, rolls, spinach salad, tomatoes, corn, lima beans, green beans, and okra. All of thevegetables were the ones they had previously canned from their garden. For dessert, they had pecan pie and vanilla ice cream. Thenext day, while most of the family was out shopping, four of the family members were home with blurred vision, dry mouth, and muscleweakness. Mary called the family physician, Dr. Franklin, who told her to take the sick individuals to the emergency room, and he wouldmeet them there. Upon arrival at the ER, Dr. Franklin asked what the family members had eaten for the meals before they developedthe symptoms. The common foods that all of them ate were the chicken, the ham, the tomatoes, the green beans, and the spinachsalad. The doctor determined that the family was suffering from botulism food poisoning. In the United States, foodborne botulismhappens in 15% of cases each year, frequently from foods with a low acidity. He was suspicious of the green beans and tomatoes, eventhough tomatoes are highly acidic. Dr. Franklin also said that using proper methods of microbial control could have prevented theirillness.
Which of the following is an example of microbial control?
a. Sue washes off the vegetables before serving them in a meal.
b. Mary warms food up in a microwave before putting it on the table.
c. Sue uses bleach to clean the kitchen counters.
d. Mary places leftovers in the refrigerator after the meal.
Answer:
Option a (Sue........meal) would be the correct answer. Below however is the explanation offered.
Explanation:
Prevention: Clostridium botulinum seems to be a type of bacteria that is prevalent in soils and seems to be present in raw water. As either a resistant spore, this could live in some of these conditions. And when no indications of food contamination become visible, the spores of the whole bacterium would be hard but instead active however after heating. Boil home-processed foods for at least 10 min while feeding. To destroy the activated spores, ten minutes of warming will destroy the toxins. During at least a few thirty minutes, 120 ° of warming can indeed be achieved with the aid of gravity. Discard any containers that appear broken and are therefore bulging, dripping, smelling.Boiling will kill the bacterial spores as well as the toxins it creates. In house soil, bacteria may also be present.All other three methods are not connected to the case provided. So, the solution here is just the right one.
Carlos states that planets that are closer to the sun have a higher surface temperature than those that are further from the sun. Why do you think Carlos is correct or incorrect?
Answer:
Yes Carlos is correct.
Explanation:
The further away an object is from the heat source, the less heat it absorbs.
Answer:
Carlos is correct
Explanation:
He is correct because when the planets are closer to the sun they get a higher tempurture
Which items are needed for a plant to become fertilized egg,pollen,embryo,
seed
Answer:
pollen, embryo, seed
Explanation:
3. What happens when a cell is subjected to a solution where the water concentration is equal to that inside the cell (isotonic solution)?
Explanation:
In an isotonic solution the relative concentration of solute and water are equal on both sides of the membrane.so there is no water movement so there is no change in the size of the cell but, when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution water will enter the cell and the cell will swell.
There are twenty amino acids in living organisms. Ten of these are referred to as essential amino acids. Why are they called essential amino acids?
These amino acids are the only ones that are important for the body to function properly.
These amino acids cannot be made by the human body and must be consumed in one’s diet.
These amino acids are the only ones that are made by the human body.
.
2nd one
Explanation:
these amino acids cannot be made by the human body and must be consumed in one's diet
they can be synthesized in sufficient quantities in the body.
2. When a main motion is referred to a committee, the amendment or amendments that are pending to the main motion are
FALSE
TRUE
why are humans not an invasive species
Answer:
Originally Answered: Are humans considered an invasive species? No, because the term is generally applied only to species that were introduced to an ecosystem and cause harm. Humans were not introduced to any ecosystem. Instead, humans underwent what is called a 'natural range expansion.
Explanation:
Hope that helped if it did please give me brainiest Thanks! <333 :3
Hello!
They are not an invasive species because the term is generally applied only to species that were introduced to an ecosystem and cause harm. Humans were not introduced to any ecosystem. Instead, humans underwent what is called a 'natural range expansion.
Which animal would have the greatest chance of survival?
Answer:
An animal that Is fed through a food web I guess
How do the Atlantic and Pacific profile differ from one another? Be descriptive of each region of ocean floor?
Why is freshwater essential to human life?
Answer:
Freshwater is vital for life, supporting ecosystems and human civilizations. We use freshwater in many aspects of daily life including food production, power generation, manufacturing, and sanitation.
you will be sending over
please elaborate what u mean
Need help with thisMARKING PEOPLE AS BRAINLIST
Answer:
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs cycle
3. Electron transport chain
Explanation:
Sorry for being late. Yet I hope it helps
A student applies 55 N of force to a box on four types of surfaces. Each surface has a different value for Ffric-
On which surface is the student not able to move the box?
A. A
B. C
C. D
D. B
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The surface is the student not able to move the box is D.
What is force?Force is defined as an outside force that has the potential to alter how a body is moving or resting. A force is not something an object "has in it" or that it "contains." One thing experiences a force from another. The idea of a force encompasses both living and non-living things. The body can change its size, shape, and direction when force is applied. As we discovered in a previous session, forces are significant because they induce modifications to motion.
Net force is defined as all of the forces pulling on a thing combined. The net force, which is a single force, replaces the original forces' influence on the particle's motion. The top 5 words that are similar to "net force" in terms of this word similarity engine are resultant force, force, acceleration, physics, and rotation.
Thus, the surface is the student not able to move the box is D.
To learn more about force, refer to the link below:
https://brainly.com/question/13191643
#SPJ2
Students will analyze information about how the reduction in numbers of an individual species can affect an entire ecosystem
If one population dies out, all the populations that depend on that species for food may also die out. A change in one population affects the entire community because all the populations of a community depend on each other.
This responds to messages from the communication system and changes its level
of activity to help you maintain homeostasis?
Answer:
sensors, control center, communication system, target
Explanation:
What is another word for melody?
Answer: Song,Tune
Explanation: Music is a melody
Chime, tune, song strain, warble
Is the Earth dying? if so answer, and put the reason's why Earth is dying and what we can do to help Earth stop dying.
Answer:
Earth has been our place for many years. all inhabitants on earth are causing great destruction. along the way we tried to resolve issues yet some we couldn't figure out. the one we couldn't figure out had made a great impact on our world today. Just how do we stop it? Many ways actually, taking pollution for example. pollution is a great cause for why earth isn't as lively as before. along the years we've polluted 92% of the earths air. causing us to breathe unhealthy air. We can easily fix this problem with finding new ways to get somewhere like riding a bike or taking an energy efficient car. Therefore, we humans have change the world dramatically by doing good things and bad things, too. but in the end we are the ones causing earth to nearly give up, so we can also be the ones to let the earth forgive.
hope this helps you out!
TIP: change it up so you don't do plagiarism:)
Answer:
Yes and No
Explanation:
Even, though pollution is being caused in certain parts of earth, people are preserving the earth and it has been our place for multiple centuries
The process of petrifaction can include which of the following:
• Silica from the ash soaks into the wood, turning it to stone when it dries
• Volcanic ash blows into the water
• Living plants like trees can be submerged in water
• All of the above
Help me please :(
what is the size of an eukaryotic ribosome ?
Answer:
The molecular mass of a eukaryotic ribosome is ~3.2×106 Daltons.
The diameter of a eukaryotic ribosome is ~250–300 Å. Å, or angstroms, standing for one hundred-millionth of a centimeter.
Which tool is used to test for nitrates?
A. turbidity test
B. pH meter
C. soil testing kit
D.water quality testing kit
The tool which is typically used for testing nitrates is: C. soil testing kit
Nitrogen is a chemical element with the symbol "N" and it has an atomic number (number of protons) of 7.
Basically, nitrogen is found in group (5) of the periodic table and as such it has 5 electrons in its outermost shell.
Oxygen is a chemical element with the symbol "O" and it has an atomic number (number of protons) of 8.
Generally, when nitrogen and oxygen react chemically, they produce a compound known as nitrogen dioxide.
In Chemistry, nitrates are chemical compound that comprises nitrogen and oxygen.
Also, nitrates are used in the production of soil fertilizers in agriculture.
In conclusion, a soil testing kit is mainly used to test the presence of nutrients such as nitrates in soils.
Read more: https://brainly.com/question/21543680
in which part does carbohydrate digestion begin
Answer:
Technically, it begins within the mouth. However, the actual digestion process begins almost halfway through/down the esophagus (throat).
Two different species of rock pocket mice live in the same desert Both eat plant seeds. What phrase best describes their relationship to each other?
predator-prey
interspecific competition
competition
intraspecific competition
Answer:
a
Explanation:
A substance with a pH of 3 is how many more times acidic than a substance with a pH of 5?
Why is it NOT correct to say that individuals evolve?
Answer:
individuals grow and develop throughout their life, but evolution is something that happens to a species over generations. evolution takes a long time and is a species adaptation to its environment, such as arms getting longer or extra bones. babies are born with these adaptations throughout generations, it’s not something individuals develop during their lifetime.
hope this helps!
Which are the main stages of the cell cycle? Select three options.
interphase
mitosis
metaphase
cytokinesis
anaphase
I will look back on my test and whoever is right and if they were both right I will mark the first one that answers brainliest!
PLEEASE HELP!
Answer:
interphase
mitosis
Cytokinesis
Explanation:
three stages of the cell cycle interphase longest part of the cell cycle cell grows and develop and function Parts in our body almost at the end of the interphase DNA and chromosomes double mitosis stage in cell where cell divides into nuclei Cytokinesis the two daughter cells create as the cytoplasm divides each daughter cell has an exact copy of parent cells DNA
hope this helps :)
Atmospheric carbon would
increase / decrease
1. Less solar energy
available on a cloudy
day.
media would growth provide evidence that genetic transfer had occurred between the two strains of bacteria? Select all that apply. Select all that apply. bio- leu- bio- trp- trp- leu- leu- trp- bio- none of the above
Answer:
bio- leu
leu- trp- bio
Explanation:
The media growth 'bio- leu ' and 'leu- trp- bio' would offer evidence that genetic transfer had taken place between the two strains of bacteria. These two strains of Escherichia Coli substantiate the genetic recombination through the conjugation of bacterial cells which was the prominent aim of experiment displayed by Lederberg and Tatum's genetic analysis. This mapping of chromosome E. coli assisted in recieving the ph.
By the end of glycolysis, a molecule of glucose has been broken down into two molecules of _______________.
Question 5 options:
Pyruvate
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Lactic acid
Pyruvate will be the end result