Answer:
D
Explanation:
Protons are a positively charged subatomic particles, neutrons have no charge, and lastly, electrons are a negatively charged subatomic particles.
For aldol reactions that are not favored, the reaction could proceed backwards: the aldol product, upon treatment with base, reverts to the carbonyl compounds it would have formed from in aldol condensation. That is known as "retro-aldol" reaction. Select ALL carbonyl compounds that would result in the following retro-aldol reaction. ?
In this retro synthesis the following two reactant would be involved. [SEE in attachement]
A reaction in which a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound decomposes into an aldehyde or ketone, plus another carbonyl compound. The formal reverse of the aldol reaction.
The stage of an aldol condensation known as dehydration is also reversible in the presence of acid and base catalysts. Therefore, many, -unsaturated carbonyl compounds break into smaller aldehydes or ketones when heated with aqueous solutions of strong acids or bases; this reaction is known as the retro-aldehyde reaction. The aldol reaction is reversible in the presence of acid or base catalysts, and the beta-hydroxy carbonyl products may transform back into the initial aldehyde or ketone reactants. These aldol products are fully stable and isolable chemicals in the absence of such catalysts.
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27.) Which Bronsted-Lowry acid has the strongest conjugate base?
HF, KA = 6.8 * 10 ^ -4
C6H5COOH, KA = 6.3 * 10 ^ -5
HNO2, KA = 4.0 * 10 ^-4
HCOOH, KA = 1.8 * 10 ^-4
HBrO, KA = 2.3 * 10 ^ -9
The Bronsted-Lowry acid that has the strongest conjugate base is HBrO, with the smallest Ka value of 2.3 * 10⁻⁹.
The correct option is E.
What are Bronsted-Lowry acids?Bronsted-Lowry acids are substances that donate a proton in a reaction.
When Bronsted-Lowry acids donate protons, the substance formed is called a conjugate base. The conjugate base is able to accept a proton to form the Bronsted-Lowry acid.
For weak acids, dissociation into ions is not complete. Hence, the strength of weak acids is given by their acid dissociation constant, Ka.
The higher the Ka value of an acid, the stronger will be the acid.
However, Bronsted-Lowry acids that have large Ka values produce weak conjugate bases.
Hence, the Bronsted-Lowry acid that has the strongest conjugate base will have the smallest Ka value.
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Suppose 6 M HCl is substituted for the 3 M HCl in a procedure. What would be the consequence of this substitution?
If 6 M HCl is substituted for the 3 M HCl in a procedure, the concentration of the acid will be doubled.
This could have several consequences, depending on the specific procedure. In general, doubling the concentration of the acid will increase the rate of any reaction that involves the acid, so the reaction could proceed more quickly or with greater intensity than it would with the 3 M HCl.
In addition, the increased concentration of HCl could cause the reaction to become more acidic, so other components of the reaction may be affected as well. Finally, the increased concentration of HCl could increase the risk of hazards, such as burns, if proper safety precautions are not taken.
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a multifaceted synthetic route to functional polyacrylates by trans-esterification of poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylates)
true,a multifaceted synthetic route to functional polyacrylates by trans-esterification of poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylates).
polyacrylate, any of a class of synthetic resins derived from the polymerization of acrylic esters. Polyacrylates are used primarily in paints and other surface coatings, adhesives, and textiles because they can be formed into plastic materials with notable clarity and flexibility using certain methods. They are strong and flexible, allowing for the creation of solid products with a supple texture. It is a large compound that cannot pass through the skin's barrier and has been shown to be safe for cosmetic use. Polyacrylate, also known as Acrylate polymers, is a type of polymer that is commonly referred to as a plastic. Transesterification is the process of exchanging the organic group R′′ of an ester with the organic group R' of an alcohol in organic chemistry. The addition of an acid or base catalyst frequently catalyses these reactions. Other enzymes, particularly lipases, can also be used to carry out the reaction.
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Compound X has the molecular formula C9H19Cl, and when treated with KOH in ethanol, 3 total products are obtained. Which of the following is compound X?
The reaction that treated with KOH in ethanol is explained by the E2 Elimination.
Compound has the molecular formula C9H19Cl and when treated with KOH, ethanol is obtained. haloalkanes that on reaction with a base form an alkene as the major product 2-chloro-2,6-dimethylheptane and 3-bromo-2,6-dimethylheptane respectively. On reaction with base, both the compounds form 2,6-dimethylhept-2-ene as major product via E2-elimination. This major product is decided by Zaitsev's rule. The alkene reacts with one mole H2 to form 2,6-dimethylheptane via addition reaction. Reaction with HCl occurs via Markovnikov addition, chlorine group is added to second carbon and 2-chloro-2,6-dimethylheptane is formed again. Therefore, 2-chloro-2,6-dimethyheptane and 3-bromo-2,6-dimethylheptane.
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How much energy (in kJ) is gained by iron when a 24.6 g sample is heated from 23.0°C to 99.8°C. The specific heat capacity of iron is 0.387 J/(g*°C)
Answer:
7.31 x 10⁵ kJ
Explanation:
To find the energy gained by the iron sample, you need to use the following equation:
Q = mcΔT
In this equation,
-----> Q = energy (J)
-----> m = mass (g)
-----> c = specific heat capacity (J/g°C)
-----> ΔT = T₂ - T₁ = change in temperature (°C)
T₂ represents the final temperature and T₁ represents the initial temperature. After you calculate the value of "Q", you need to convert the energy from joules (J) to kilojoules (kJ).
Q = ? J c = 0.387 J/g°C
m = 24.6 g ΔT = 99.8°C - 23.0°C = 76.8°C
Q = mcΔT <----- Equation
Q = (24.6 g)(0.387 J/g°C)(76.8°) <----- Insert values
Q = 731 J <----- Multiply
1,000 J = 1 kJ
731 J 1 kJ
-------------- x ------------------- = 7.31 x 10⁵ kJ
1,000 J
industrial non-metallic mineral resources do not include: group of answer choices sulfides salts fertilizers diamonds
industrial non-metallic mineral resources do not include Diamond
Non-Metallic is Metallic minerals are minerals that contain metal elements in their natural state. Metal substances are not found in non-metallic minerals. A new product is formed when metallic minerals are melted. In the case of non-metallic minerals, such a process yields no new product. Nonmetallic minerals are a category of chemical components that, once melted, yield no new products. Soil, small stones, limestone, terra cotta, and marble are instances of nonmetallic minerals. Non-metallic minerals are composed of chemical elements that lack the properties of a metal.
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One mole of aluminum and one mole of manganese oxide are placed in a reaction vessel, and the following reaction occurs:
2 Al(s) + 3 MnO(s) → Al2O3(s) + 3 Mn(s)
Which one of the following statements is true?
a.) 1.0 mole of Mn will be produced.
b.) 2.0 mole of Al2O3 will be produced.
c.) 1.0 mole of Al will be left over.
d.) 2.0 mole of MnO will be left over.
e.) Al is the limiting reactant.
Please show work!
One mole of aluminum and one mole of manganese oxide are placed in a reaction vessel, the correct option is a.) 1.0 mole of Mn will be produced.
The reaction is given as follows :
2Al + 3MnO ---> Al₂O₃ + 3Mn
if One mole of aluminum react with one mole of manganese oxide then,
moles of Al = 0.5 mol
moles of MnO = 0.33
here it is clear that Mn is the limiting reagent, therefore formation of the product is depends on the ,MnO.
the moles MnO = moles of Mn
thus , 1.0 mole of Mn will be produced by 1 mole of the MnO.
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indicate polar bonds for acetone. draw a vector representing the direction of polar bonds starting from the cross.
Among Acetone, butane, and propanol except for butane, the other two compounds possess polar bonds.
Polar bonds are when one end of a molecule has a positive charge and the other end has a negative charge. Butane has no polar bonds because its atoms have the same electronegativity.
Acetone has a polar bond because the oxygen atom has a higher electronegativity than the carbon and hydrogen atoms, creating a charge difference between them.
Propanol has two polar bonds. The oxygen atom has a higher electronegativity than the hydrogen and carbon atoms, creating a charge difference between them.
Additionally, the hydrogen atoms are slightly more electronegative than the carbon atom, creating a second charge difference within the molecule. This charge difference is what makes the polar bonds in propanol.
The image attached explains the polar bonds in each compound
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fill in the blank. the minimum daytime temperature typically occurs ___ the time of maximum outgoing earth energy.
Minimum daytime temperature typically occurs at sunrise, the time of maximum outgoing earth energy.
When is the minimum daytime temperature?The minimum temperature occurs in the early morning whereas maximum temperature of the day occurs in the afternoon.
The lowest temperature is recorded diurnally, monthly, seasonally, or annually. Daily air temperature minima is recorded by screen minimum thermometer.
Mean minimum temperature is the long-term average daily minimum air temperature observed during a month and over the year. Lowest temperature (°C) is the lowest recorded temperature observed at the site.
Frigid zone receives less amount of sun rays therefore the temperature in this zone is very low and the climate is usually very cold.
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examine the plot of the volume of a sample of gas versus temperature at three different pressures. select all the correct statements derived from and/or related to this graphical presentation.
The temperature at which the gas could have zero volume is called absolute zero. It is a hypothetical condition where all the curves meet at a point at V= 0 and T becomes -273.15°C.
The plot of the volume of a sample of gas versus temperature at three different pressures is a graphical representation of the ideal gas law.
As the temperature of the gas sample increases, the pressure increases, and the volume of the gas sample increases as well.
However, the rate at which the volume of the gas sample increases is different at the three different pressures. At higher pressures, the volume increases more quickly than at lower pressures, indicating that the gas sample is more compressible at higher pressures.
This can be seen in the plot as the curves for the three different pressures diverge. Additionally, the plot also shows that the volume of the gas sample increases more quickly at higher temperatures.
This is because the kinetic energy of the gas molecules increases with temperature, allowing them to move more freely, thus increasing the volume of the gas sample.
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Changing gloves often will minimize the spread of chemicals. To properly remove gloves, first, ____, and then, ___. Then insert ___ between the interior edge of the second glove and the skin, and remove the second glove.grasp the exterior of one glove with a gloved hand, peel the first glove, a bare finger
Pull the glove inside out as you peel it away from your body. Peel one glove away from your body and grab it by the wrist on the outside. Avoid touching your exposed skin.
Describe chemicals.
Any material with a known composition is a chemical.
How to take off your gloves:
Grab one glove's palm just above your wrist. Turning the glove inside out, carefully remove it.
Hold the glove in the palm of the hand that is still wearing gloves.
The glove must be pulled off from the inside out.
After taking off your gloves and before handling any surfaces or items, always wash your hands.
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PLEASE ANSWER THIS QUESTION (EXPLAIN AND CORRECTLY ANSWER) FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS IN THE IMAGE
There can be release of radiations like gamma radiation. There can be emission of particles too like alpha particle. Therefore, the given nuclear decay reaction is balanced.
What is nuclear decay?It is process in which the radioactive element releases particles or radiations. Alpha particles is ⁴₂He. Alpha particle is nothing but helium particle.
So, according to our questions Uranium-238 is undergoing alpha emission. The balanced reaction can be written as
²³⁸U₉₂ ²³⁴ [tex]\rightarrow[/tex]Th₉₀+⁴₂He
So, From above reaction we can see that the total mass on reactant side is equal to total mass on product side. So, this reaction is balanced.
Therefore, the given nuclear decay reaction is balanced.
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Identify the relationship in each of the following pairs. Do the drawings represent constitutional isomers or stereoisomers, or are they just different ways of drawing the same compound? If they are stereoisomers, are they enantiomers or diastereomers? CH3 CBr and C-CH3 CH3CH2 CH3CH2 CH2OH CH OH (b) HOH and HOH CH2OH CH2OH and он OH HC CH2OH CH20H and CH3 CH3 and CH3
The given pairs of compounds are the stereoisomers and in it they are enantiomers.
A chemical molecule's atoms can be organized in a variety of ways. Isomerism is the name given to this phenomenon. Isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula but distinct atom configurations.
The nomenclature system used to identify enantiomers is called the R-S system. According to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rule scheme, which assigns a priority to each of the chiral center's substituents, this method labels the chiral center R or S. On the basis of atomic mass, the priority is determined. Stereoisomers make up the given pair of molecules.
The given pair of compounds are the R and S enantiomers.
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draw the organic product(s) of the following reactions including stereochemistry when it is appropriate. h2 lindlar catalyst
Draw the organic by product(s) of the subsequent reactions, taking stereochemistry into account as necessary. The formula for H2 lindlar catalyst is:
Lindlar catalyst for CH3-C-CH2-CH2-CH3 + H2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3
| |
H H
The bond is hydrogenated into double bonds using the lindlar catalyst. Alkynes that include triple bonds are converted into alkenes that contain double bonds using the H2 + lindlar catalyst. Alkenes do not react with the H2 + lindlar catalyst. The following is a description of the H2 + lindlar catalyst reaction:
Using the Lindlar catalyst, the reaction goes from CH3-C to C-CH2-CH2- CH3 and then to CH3-C=C-CH2-CH2- CH3 and then to hexyne.
H H
(2) Hexene
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the presumptive definition of driving under the influence in florida is having a blood alcohol content (bac) of .08.
True. The presumptive definition of Driving Under the Influence in Florida is having a Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) of .08.
True. In Florida, it is illegal to operate a motor vehicle with a blood alcohol content (BAC) of .08 or higher. This is known as driving under the influence (DUI). The legal limit for DUI in Florida is .08.
If a driver is found to have a BAC of .08 or higher, they can be arrested for DUI. Florida also has a Zero Tolerance Law for drivers under 21, meaning that any BAC .02 or higher can lead to an arrest for DUI.
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Complete question:
The presumptive definition of Driving Under the Influence in Florida is having a Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) of .08. true or false
b. Explain why manganese (IV) oxide is not able to conduct electricity when it
is in solid form but can conduct when it is in molten or solution form. You
should use ideas about bonding and structure in your answer.
Total for Question 4-4 marks
[3 marks]
Answer:
manganese dioxide, is a solid chemical compound that is typically not able to conduct electricity when it is in its solid form. This is because the structure of solid manganese dioxide is made up of a network of strong covalent bonds between the manganese and oxygen atoms. These covalent bonds are very stable and do not allow electrons to flow freely through the compound, which is necessary for the conduction of electricity.
However, when manganese dioxide is melted or dissolved in a solvent, the covalent bonds are broken and the electrons become more mobile. This allows the electrons to flow more freely through the compound, enabling it to conduct electricity.
In summary, manganese (IV) oxide is not able to conduct electricity in its solid form due to the strong covalent bonds between its atoms, which do not allow electrons to flow freely. However, when it is in its molten or solution form, the covalent bonds are broken and the electrons become more mobile, allowing the compound to conduct electricity.
amino acid addition to a growing chain happens at the [ select ] and [ select ] (consider only the formation of a peptide bond and not other steps such as translocation)
1. for the first blank, is it a C terminal / N terminal?
2. Do they require GTP/ ATP/ or none of them?
Amino acid addition to a growing chain happens at the C terminal and ATP is required.
Proteins are made up of substances called amino acids. Proteins and amino acids are the components of life. Amino acids are the byproducts of the digestion or breakdown of proteins. Amino acids are used by the human body to create proteins that benefit the organism. Two ATP molecules are needed for amino acid activation, two more for peptide bond formation and ribosome translation, as well as an additional ATP molecule or so for error correction and the synthesis of sequences that are lost during protein maturation, in order to add an amino acid to a growing peptide chain.
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part a - identify the product of radioactive decay identify the product of radioactive decay and classify the given nuclear reactions accordingly. drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
The daughter of the parent isotope, which is the end result of a radioactive decay process, may be unstable in which case it will also degrade. Up till a stable nuclide has been produced, the process goes on.
Nuclear reactions are collisions between two nuclei or between a nucleus and an outside subatomic particle that result in the creation of one or more new nuclides in nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry. Consequently, at least one nuclide must change throughout a nuclear reaction.
Ionizing radiation is released as a result of radioactive decay. Among the ionising radiation that is released are alpha, beta, and/or gamma rays. Unbalanced atoms known as radionuclides are the site of radioactive decay. The release of energy in the form of ionising radiation occurs during radioactive decay. Alpha particles, beta particles, and/or gamma rays are all examples of the ionising radiation that is released.
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6. For each skeleton equation below, classify the type of reaction as a synthesis decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, neutralization, or combustion reaction. Justify your classification. Then write the balanced chemical equation for each.
a) C4H10(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H₂O(g)
b) Li(s) + N₂(g) → Li3N(s)
c) AgNO3(aq) + Na₂CrO4(aq)
NaNO3(aq) + Ag₂CrO4(s)
d) MgO(s)→ Mg(s) + O₂(g)
e) HI(aq) + KOH(aq) →KI(aq) +H₂O(l)
f) AlPO4(aq) + Mg(s) → Al(s) + Mg3(PO4)2(aq)
Answer:
a) combustion reaction
balanced equation: 2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O
b) synthesis reaction
balance equation: 6Li + N2 → 2Li3N
c) double replacement
balanced equation: 2AgNO3 + Na2CrO4 → 2NaNO3 + Ag2CrO4
d) decomposition
balanced equation: 2MgO → 2Mg + O2
e) double dispalcement
balanced equation: HI + KOH → KI + H2O
f) single displacement
2AlPO4 + 3Mg → 2Al + Mg3(PO4)2
Explanation (detailed):
a)
Word Equation: Butane + Dioxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water
How to balance:
1- Label Each Compound With a Variable
Label each compound (reactant or product) in the equation with a variable representing the unknown coefficients.
aC4H10 + bO2 = cCO2 + dH2O
2- Create a System of Equations
Create an equation for each element (C, H, O) where each term represents the number of atoms of the element in each reactant or product.
C: 4a + 0b = 1c + 0d
H: 10a + 0b = 0c + 2d
O: 0a + 2b = 2c + 1d
3-Solve For All Variables
Use substitution, gauss elimination, or a calculator to solve for each variable.
(keep doing this for every equation)
if you have any questions feel free to ask ill be happy to answer
A student combines a solution of NaCl(aq) with a solution of AgNO3(aq), and a precipitate forms.
Which of the following is the balanced net ionic equation for the formation of the precipitate?Ag+(aq)+Cl−(aq)→AgCl(s)
The balanced net ionic equation for the formation of the precipitate is Ag⁺(aq) + cl⁻ --> Agcl(s)
Given , Nacl(aq) + AgNO₃(aq ) --> ?
since,
Nacl(aq) + cl⁻(aq) + Ag⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq) --> Na⁺(aq)+NO₃⁻(aq)+ Agcl(s)
Net ionic equation is , Ag⁺(aq) + cl⁻ --> Agcl(s) .
Ionic equations are chemical equations in which electrolytes in aqueous solution are described as dissociated ions.
Example: 1) Sodium chloride(aq) + Silver nitrate(aq) → Silver chloride(s) + Sodium nitrate(aq) >>Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) → AgCl(s) 2) Sodium(s) + Hydrochloric acid (aq) -> sodium chloride (aq) + hydrogen (g)
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1. in this experiment, why 3-sulfolene was used instead of 1,3-butadiene? explain thoroughly for full credit.
Starting with solid 3-sulfolene and then breaking it down was simpler than doing it with gaseous 1,3-butadiene. Maleic anhydride, a dienophile, reacts with the diene to produce 4-cyclohexene-cis-dicarboxylic anhydride.
What is sulfolene ?A cyclic organic compound with a sulfone functional group is known as sulfolene or butadiene sulfone. It is a crystalline, odorless, white solid that can be stored forever and dissolves in various organic solvents as well as water. The substance is utilized as a butadiene source.
Sulfolane is a common industrial solvent that is used for cleaning natural gas and extracting aromatic hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon mixtures.
Sulfolane, a dipolar aprotic sulfone solvent, is comparable in physicochemical qualities to other dipolar aprotic solvents as DMSO, NMP, DMF, and DMAC. Sulfolane (anhydrous) has the highest freezing point and highest boiling point among the solvents in Table 1 at 28.4 °C.
Thus, solid 3-sulfolene and then breaking it down was simpler than doing it with gaseous 1,3-butadiene.
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43
1 point
When a physical change in á sample occurs, which of the following does NOT change?
volume
mass
shape
composition
Previous
When a physical change in a sample occurs, composition of sample does not change.
What are physical changes?Physical changes are defined as changes which affect only the form of a substance but not it's chemical composition. They are used to separate mixtures in to chemical components but cannot be used to separate compounds to simpler compounds.
Physical changes are always reversible using physical means and involve a change in the physical properties.Examples of physical changes include melting,boiling , change in texture, size,color,volume and density.Magnetism, crystallization, formation of alloys are all reversible and hence physical changes.
They involve only rearrangement of atoms and are often characterized to be changes which are reversible.
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Which species in the reaction below is being reduced?
H2O(g) + CO(g) → H2(g) + CO2(g)
Answer:
Therefore, H2O is being reduced, while CO is being oxidized.
Explanation:
In a chemical reaction, a species that gains electrons is being reduced, while a species that loses electrons is being oxidized.In the reaction given, H2O is gaining electrons, while CO is losing electrons.
In horses, one which runs best in water (or in wet conditions) is called (WATER), and one which runs best in dry conditions is called (DRY). (WATER) is recessive to (DRY). A horse can also be either a trotter, which we will designate (GAIT) or a pacer, which we will designate (PACE). (PACE) is recessive to (GATE). We have mated two horses, a stallion named Halter-Man and a mare named Erlich-Mane. Halter-Man is a (WATER)(PACER), while Erlich-mane is a (DRY)(GAIT). One of Erlich-Mane’s parents was a (WATER)(PACER). What are the chances of Erlich-Mane and Halter-Man producing a (WATER)(GAIT) foal (that’s a baby horse, in case you didn’t know)?
Answer:
In order for a horse to be a (WATER)(GAIT), it must have two (WATER) alleles and two (GAIT) alleles. Both Halter-Man and Erlich-Mane have one (WATER) allele and one (GAIT) allele, so there is a chance that they could produce a (WATER)(GAIT) foal. However, without more information about the genotypes of Halter-Man, Erlich-Mane, and Erlich-Mane's parents, it is not possible to determine the exact chances of them producing a (WATER)(GAIT) foal.
giant stars... are close to exhausting their supply of helium. are close to exhausting their supply of hydrogen. have already exhausted their supply of hydrogen. have already exhausted their supply of helium.
Giant stars' hydrogen reserves are almost depleted. High-mass stars are defined as having a mass of at least 8 times that of the Sun. These stars are of type O and B, and as we already observed, they only exist for a brief period of time on the Main Sequence, on the order of 10 million years.
Nevertheless, they go through very similar life phases to the low mass stars. Remember that these phases for low mass stars are: hydrogen burning in the core during the Main Sequence; when the hydrogen in the core is spent; the star starts hydrogen burning in a shell around the degenerate helium core; and the star moves up the Red Giant Branch.Extreme pressure increases the temperature to 100 million degrees, where helium burning is feasible, when the hydrogen fuel runs out. As the helium in the core is exhausted, the star starts burning helium in a shell around an inert carbon core while moving back up the H-R diagram to become a Red Supergiant. Suddenly, at the helium flash, the degenerate core starts burning helium and the star moves toward (but not quite to) the Main Sequence again.
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A solution is prepared by adding 0.10 mol of potassium acetate, KC2H3O2, to 1.00 L of water. Which statement about the solution is correct?
It is basic
It is acidic
It is neutral
The statement that is true regarding the solution prepared by adding 0.10 mol of potassium acetate to 1.00 L of water is that it is acidic (option B).
How to calculate pH?pH refers to the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It can be calculated by using the following expression:
pH = - log {H}
Where;
H = hydrogen ion concentrationThe concentration of the acetate solution must first be calculated by dividing the number of moles by its volume as follows:
Molarity = no of moles ÷ volume
Molarity = 0.10 mol ÷ 1L = 0.1M
pH = - log {0.1}
pH = 1
1 indicates that the solution is acidic, hence, option B is correct.
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did tlc analysis of the aldol addition and condensation reactions suggest that starting materials were completely consumed? briefly explain. g
An aldol condensation is a condensation organic reaction whereby an enol or an enolate ion reacts with a carbonyl compound (from a ketone or aldehyde) to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone or more specifically an aldol reaction.
The reason why you can observe starting material and product in the tlc analysis is that the product ( which you obtained from a hydrogenation reaction) should be less polar than the source from which reaction starts.
TLC is a simple, quick, and inexpensive procedure that gives the chemist a quick answer as to how many components are in a reaction.
TLC is also used to support the identity of a compound in a mixture when the Rf of a compound is compared with the Rf of a known compound.
TLC or Thin Layer Chromatography is the type of analysis in which a small amount of the mixture to be analysed is spotted near the bottom of this plate.
This suggests that in aldol reactions, the starting material were analysed in TLC and during this analysis that material was completely consumed.
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Show that the hydrogenic 2px, and 2py, orbitals are obtained by the linear combination of 2p1, and 2p2, functions and 2pz, is directly equal to 2p0
The linear combination of 2p1 and 2p2 functions can be used to generate the hydrogenic 2px and 2py orbitals.
What is orbitals?Orbitals are regions of space that describe the probable location of an electron around an atom's nucleus. They are usually shown as a cloud-like region and are divided into sub-regions called s, p, d, and f orbitals. Each orbital has a specific energy level and a specific shape. The orbitals determine the properties of the atom and its chemical behavior. Electrons in different orbitals interact in different ways, and this determines the type of bonds that form between atoms.
This is done by adding and subtracting the two functions and then normalizing the resultant wave functions. This gives the following expressions:
2px = (1/√2)(2p1 + 2p2)
2py = (1/√2)(2p1 - 2p2)
The hydrogenic 2pz orbital is simply equal to the 2p0 function, since the z-axis is the axis of highest symmetry.
Thus, 2pz = 2p0.
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Determine how many grams of CO2 are produced by burning 7.49 g of C4H10
22.704 grams of CO2 are produced by burning 7.49 g of C4H10
This can be calculated as :
The basic reaction is: C4H10 + O2 = CO2 + H2O
We have 4 carbons for each reactant molecule, and this reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. We, therefore, need to show 4 CO2 molecules to consume these 4 carbons.
C4H10 + O2 = 4CO2 + H2ONext, let's balance the H atoms. The 10 H atoms from the C4H10 must find a home in the water molecules. 5 water molecules can be made from 10 hydrogen atoms.
C4H10 + O2 = 4CO2 + 5H2OThe only atom left is oxygen. So far, the product side contains 13 O atoms (8 from the CO2 and 5 from the H2O). Awkward, since oxygen only comes in pairs, an even number. Let's use a fraction, 6.5, for the O2 for now, just to get it balanced:
C4H10 + 6.5O2 = 4CO2 + 5H2OThis equation is balanced, but not legal since we can't have 1/2 of an O2 molecule. So simply multiply all coefficients by 2:
2C4H10 + 13O2 = 8CO2 + 10H2OThe equation is now properly balanced. It is telling us that we'll get 8 moles of CO2 for every 2 moles of C4H10. That's a molar ratio of 4CO2/1 C4H8.
Let's find the moles of C4H8. Divide the grams of C4H8 by its molar mass (58.04g/mole).
7.49g/(58.04g/mole) = 0.12904 moles C4H8 .Now multiply moles C4H8 by the molar ratio we calculated above:
(0.12904 moles C4H8 )*(4 moles CO2/1 moles C4H8) = 0.516 moles CO2Convert to grams CO2 by multiplying by CO2's molar mass:
(0.516 moles CO2)*(44 g/mole CO2) = 22.704 gramsTo learn more about the properties of butane:
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