The nuclear binding energy of silver is 1.5E-24 j/nucleon where the mass of a silver is 110
Formula used
Binding Energy per Nucleon = (Mass Defect×931.5)/Mass Number
B.E per nucleon = (∆m×931.5)/A
The bare minimal amount of energy needed to separate an atom's nucleus into its component protons and neutrons—collectively referred to as nucleons—is known as the nuclear binding energy in experimental physics. For stable nuclei, the binding energy is always positive since the nucleus needs to gain energy for the nucleons to move apart from one another. The strong nuclear force pulls nucleons toward one another. The nuclear binding energy is thought to be negative in nuclear physics theory. When the constituent nucleons are infinitely far apart from one another, it shows the energy of the nucleus in relation to their energies. With slightly differing emphasis on what the binding energy signifies, the experimental and theoretical points of view are equivalent.
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If you know an object ditance from the un in kilometer how can you find it ditance
As, 150,000,000 km = 1 AU. To convert km to AU, divide the distance in km by 150,000,000.
In this way, we can find the distance.
What is distance?
Distance is an object's overall motion in a directionless fashion. Regardless of an object's starting or ending point, distance can be defined as the amount of ground it has travelled.
In molecular geometry, the average distance between the nuclei of two bound atoms in a molecule is referred to as bond length or bond distance.
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what component in the solar cell provides electrons to replace the electrons released by the dye?
The component in the solar cell system which provides electrons to replace the electrons released by the dye simply is the graphite layer.
How the graphite layer release electrons to replace the dye electronsThe graphite layer is one of the major parts oth the solar cell. It help in the provision of electrons by acting as a counter electrode within the electrolyte. In order, this layer is part responsible for replacing electrons produced by dyes.
In conclusion, we can now confirm from all said and done from above that the solar cell too has a way of producing electrons.
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what is the name of the compound made of zinc ions, zn⁺², and fluoride ions, f⁻¹?
Zinc fluoride is the term given to the mixture of the ions zinc (zn+2) and fluoride (f1).
Is zinc reactive or stable?Reactivity, by a reaction with the carbon dioxide in the air. Zinc emits zinc oxide fumes as it burns in the air, which produces a vivid bluish-green flame. With acids, alkalis, and other non-metals, zinc interacts easily.
With what can zinc react?Under normal circumstances, zinc and air quickly react, gradually generating a dull, grey zinc oxide covering. Zinc also combines to halogens, oxygen, chalcogens, alkalis, acids, ammonia and ammonium salts, as well as less reactive metals. Zinc is an amphoteric metal because it may react with the both acids and alkalis.
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You add 100.0 g of water at 60.0 °C to 100.0 g of ice at 0.00 °C. Some of the ice melts and cools the water to 0.00 °C. When the ice and water mixture has come to a uniform temperature of 0 °C, how much ice has melted?
The melting ice weighs 50.3 grams. When the ice and water mixture has come to a uniform temperature of 0 °C.
Where is the mass of melted ice located?Subtracting the combined mass of the cup, water, and ice cubes from the combined mass of the cup, water, and ice cubes yields the mass of the ice cubes.
where,
q = heat released
m = mass of water = 100 g
c = specific heat capacity of water = 4.186 J/g.°C
T = change in temperature = 60-100 = -40
Putting values in equation , we get:
q = 100 * 4.186 * -40
q = -16744j
Ice will absorb the heat that the water releases.
So, amount of heat absorbed by ice = -q = -(-16744) J = 16744 J
We employ the following equation to determine the reaction's enthalpy change:
H = q/m
where,
q = amount of heat absorbed = 16744 J
m = mass of ice melted = ?
H = heat of fusion = 333 J/g
Putting values in equation , we get:
333J/g = 1674/ m
m = 1674 / 333 = 50.3g
Consequently, 50.3 g of ice will have melted
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Which is a product of photosynthesis and a reactant of cellular respiration?
Multiple choice question.
carbon dioxide
water
glucose
B) Carbon Dioxide
Cellular respiration is the process by which plant and animal cells break down sugars, convert them to energy, and then use them to do work at the cellular level. The purpose of cellular respiration is simple. It provides cells with the amount of energy they need to function. It would be absolutely useless if a living being could not obtain the necessary energy from food. All living things eventually die, regardless of the quality or quantity of food.
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In a spectrophotometer, both absorbance and transmittance indicate choose. Passing through a sample. A high absorbance corresponds to a choose. Transmittance.
In a spectrophotometer, both absorbance and transmítanse indicate the amount of light passing through a sample. A high absorbance corresponds to a low transmittance.
What is absorbance?
It quantifies a substance's ability to absorb light of a certain wavelength. It is equal to the reciprocal of the transmittance logarithm. The amount of light that a solution absorbs, also known as optical density.
What is Transmittance?
It is the ratio of light energy that falls on a body to light energy that passes through it. In other words, it is the ratio of light passing through the sample to light incident on it, whereas reflectance is the ratio of light reflected to light incident.
In a spectrophotometer, both absorbance and transmittance indicate the amount of light passing through a sample. A high absorbance corresponds to a low transmittance.
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Identifying Parts of a Chemical Reaction
Given chemical reaction,
Glucose + Oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
Reactants : Glucose and oxygen.
Products : carbon dioxide and water.
Parts of chemical reaction:Each chemical reaction is made up of three main components: the reactants (located on the left side of the reaction equation), the products (located on the right side of the reaction equation), and the particular reaction conditions, which are listed above or below the arrows in the middle of the reaction equation.
Combustion is one of the five fundamental types of chemical reactions, along with combination, decomposition, single-replacement, and double-replacement. You can classify a reaction into one of these groups by looking at the reactants and products of the reaction in question. It is possible for some reactions to fall into more than one category.
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Why are 6 co2 molecules required during the calvin cycle to make one molecule of glucose?.
6 co2 molecules required during the calvin cycle to make one molecule of glucose beacuse One carbohydrate molecule requires six rounds of the Calvin cycle to create since it contains six carbon atoms (one for each carbon dioxide molecule fixed).
What is calvin cycle?
The C3 cycle is another name for the Calvin cycle. The process by which the carbon from the carbon cycle gets fixed into sugars is a series of chemical processes. The chloroplast of the plant cell is where it takes place.
Because the main stable intermediate is the 3-carbon compound glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, C3-type plants—so named because it is their most frequent set of carbon fixation reactions—are observed. The Calvin cycle, which best describes these reactions.
The processes of photosynthesis that utilise the energy accumulated by the light-dependent reactions to create glucose and other carbohydrates molecules are known as the Calvin cycle.
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What is the charge on an electron?
O-1
0
+1
O+2
Mark this and return
Save and Exit
Next
Answer:
0-1
Explanation:
An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle, So -1 is the correct option.
11. Calculate the relative atomic mass of uranium using the percent abundances given.
238U-50%
235U-20%
234U-30%
Answer:
Relative atomic mass of uranium = (238 x 0.50) + (235 x 0.20) + (234 x 0.30) = 236.3
how many lone pairs of electrons does the oxygen atom with the negative charge bear? (enter answer as a number.)
As a result, we already have one bond. We require three lone pairs of electrons for the oxygen to have a negative one formal charge.
How many lone pairs does a negatively charged oxygen have?Three unpaired electrons and one non-bonding lone pair on the oxygen can be utilized to make bonds with three hydrogen atoms.
An oxygen atom has three valence electron pairs since it has six valence shell electrons. Since oxygen creates two bonds, we know that two electrons are required to create those two bonds. There are now just two electron pairs remaining that are not involved in bonding.
There are three valence electron pairs in an oxygen since it has six valence shell electrons.
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what volume of nh3 gas, at standard temperature and pressure (stp), is required to react with 15.0 g of no?
At standard pressure and temperature (STP), the volume of nh3 gas required for the reaction to 15.0 g of NO is 7.4 L.
What's the standard temperature?The definition of a standard temperature is 0 degrees Celsius, or 32 degrees F or 273.15 degrees K. In essence, this is the temperature at which pure water will freeze at sea level in air at standard pressure.
Briefing :m(NO) = 15 g; mass of nitrogen(II) oxide.
M(NO) = 30 g/mol; molar mass of nitrogen(II) oxide.
V(NH₃) = ?
n(NO) = 15 g ÷ 30 g/mol.
n(NO) = 0.5 mol; amount of nitrogen(II) oxide.
From chemical reaction: n(NO) : n(NH₃) = 6 : 4.
0.5 mol : n(NH₃) = 6 : 4.
n(NH₃) = 0.33 mol; amount of ammonia.
Vm = 22.4 L/mol; molar volume at STP.
V(NH₃) = 0.33 mol · 22.4 L/mol..
V(NH₃) = 7.4 L
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The complete question is -
This balanced chemical equation represents a chemical reaction: 6NO + 4NH3 → 5N2 + 6H2O
What volume of NH3 gas, at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP), is required to react with 15.0 g of NO?
the airbags that protect people in car crashes are inflated by the extremely rapid decomposition of sodium azide, which produces large volumes of nitrogen gas.
The airbags that protect people in car crashes are inflated by the extremely rapid decomposition of sodium azide, which produces large volumes of nitrogen gas.
So the balanced chemical equation is:
NaN₃(s) → Na(s) + 1.5 N₂(g)
Since, pV=nRT
The mass of sodium azide = 79.3g
What is nitrogen gas?
Nitrogen is the chemical element with the symbol N and atomic quantity 7. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of institution 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. it's miles a not unusual detail within the universe, estimated at 7th in general abundance inside the Milky manner and the solar gadget. At preferred temperature and stress, two atoms of the detail bond to form N2, a drab and odorless diatomic gasoline. N2 paperwork about 78% of Earth's environment, making it the most ample uncombined detail.To know more about nitrogen gas, click the link given below:
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Which of the following is true of real machines?
The statement that is correct about real machines is that work output is less then work input. So the correct option is A.
Why the statement is correct?This is correct because in a real machine the production of work will never be greater than the input it has of work, since the machines themselves will lose energy in some way during the formation of the production of work. When losing energy, then, there will be less production and material than there was at the beginning of production.
This is quite the opposite in an ideal machine, where all the work that will be put in becomes the work output. It changes because in the ideal situation it does not take into account various variables that occur in reality that can cause energy to be lost in the process.
Therefore, we can confirm that the correct option is A. work output is less then work input.
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Which of the following is true of real machines?
A. work output is less then work input
B. work output equals work input
C. work input is decreased because of friction
D. work output is greater than work input
Which changes of state are characterized by having atoms that gain energy? check all that apply. Meltingsublimationfreezingvaporizationcondensationdeposition.
Melting, vaporization and sublimation are changes of state that are characterized by atoms that gain energy.
What is Melting?
The physical process that causes a substance's phase to change from solid to liquid. This happens when the solid's internal energy rises, usually as a result of heat or pressure being applied, which raises the substance's temperature to the melting point.
What is vaporization?
The transformation of a substance into a gaseous (vapour) phase from its liquid or solid state. Boiling is the term for the vaporization process when conditions permit the creation of vapour bubbles within a liquid.
What is Sublimation?
The immediate transition of a material from its solid to its gas state without first going through its liquid phase is called the sublimation process.
Hence, melting, vaporization and sublimation are changes of state that are characterized by atoms that gain energy.
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This element is in the noble gas family and has 5 energy levels.
The noble gas family includes the element xenon, which has five different energy levels.
What is noble gas?Any of a class of rare gases with high stability and very low reaction rates, such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and occasionally radon. also known as inert gas. A collection of chemical elements known as the noble gases have a number of things in common. Under typical circumstances, they are all monatomic, tasteless, and colourless gases with low chemical reactivity. Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radioactive radon are the six types of noble gases that are found in nature. Noble gases have entirely filled outer electron shells, are most frequently encountered as monatomic gases, and have no tendency to combine with other elements. As a result, they extremely infrequently form compounds with other elements. But it is conceivable to cause a noble gas to respond, just as one might force a nobleman to lose his honor.
Where is noble gas and what is noble gases used for?Due to their filled valence shells (octets), which render them incredibly nonreactive, the noble gases (Group 18), which are found at the far right of the periodic table, were formerly known as the "inert gases." Compared to other element groupings, the noble gases were characterized at a relatively late stage.
The noble gases are employed to create inert atmospheres, usually for arc welding, to shield specimens and prevent chemical reactions. The substances are utilized in lasers as well as lamps like neon and krypton headlamps.
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a hydrocarbon is combusted in an excess of air. 15.32 grams of carbon dioxide and 7.32 grams of water are produced. what is the empirical formula of the compound?
Empirical formula for your substance is C3H7. I'll demonstrate a different method for calculating the amount of carbon in moles.
What does GCSE empirical formula mean?The simplest entire number quantity of atoms from each component is the empirical formula for the compound. It is empirically determined utilizing data from experiments. For instance, while glucose has the chemical formula C 6H 12O 6, the chemical equation is CH 2O.
How does the empirical formula inform us?Molecular formulae display the quantity of each type of atom found in a molecule, while structural formulas display the simplest whole-number relationship between the atoms in a compound. Empirical formulations display the simplest whole-number relationship between the atoms in a compound.
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How much energy is required to remove a proton from 157n ? the masses of the atoms 157n , 146c and 11h are 15. 000109 u , 14. 003242 u and 1. 007825 u , respectively.
The energy is required to remove a proton from ¹⁵N₇ is
The reaction to remove the proton is given as follows :
¹⁵N₇ ----> ¹⁴C₆ + H
The mass of ¹⁵N₇ = 15.000109
the mass of ¹⁴C₆ = 14.003242
The mass of H = 1.007825
The energy requires to remove a proton is given as:
E = ( 14.003242 + 1.007825 - 15.000109) u
E = 0.010958 × 9312.5 MeV
E = 10.2046375 MeV
Thus, energy is required to remove a proton from ¹⁵N₇ with the masses of the atoms ¹⁵N₇ , ¹⁴C₆ and H are 15.000109 u , 14.003242 u and 1.007825 u , respectively is 10.2046375 MeV.
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A certain quantity of HI(g) is introduced to a 1.0 L container at a temperature in which K =6 for H2+ I2 = 2HI. when equilibrium is established, there are 1.8 mol I2 present. How many moles of HI were introduced originally?
The initial moles of the HI introduced is 6.2 moles.
What is the number of moles of HI?We know that the equilibrium constant can only be obtained from the concentration of the substance at the point of equilibrium. We would have to set up the ICE table as shown below;
2HI ⇆ [tex]H_{2}[/tex] + [tex]I_{2}[/tex]
I a 0 0
C - x + x + x
E a - x 1.8 1.8
We can see that in this case; x = 1.8 and the equilibrium constant = 1/6 = 0.17
K = [ [tex]H_{2}[/tex] ] [ [tex]I_{2}[/tex]]/[HI]^2
0.17 = (1.8)^2/ (a - 1.8)^2
0.17 = 3.24/(a - 1.8)^2
0.17a^2 - 0.61a + 0.55 = 3.24
0.17a^2 - 0.61a - 2.69 = 0
a=6.2 M
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How many moles of chlorine gas can be produced if 4 moles of fecl3 react with 4 moles of o2.
6 moles of chlorine gas can be produced if 4 moles of fecl3 react with 4 moles of o2.
FeCl3+O2-->Fe2O3+Cl2 is not balanced.
We first need to balance the equation. The balanced equation:
4FeCl3 + 3O2 ==> 2Fe2O3 + 6Cl2
moles FeCl3 present =4 moles
moles O2 present = 4 moles
Since the mole ration in the balanced equation is 4 FeCl3 : 3 O2, the limiting reactant will be FeCl3.
So, moles Cl2 that can be produced = 4 moles FeCl3 x 6Cl2/4 moles FeCl3 = 6 moles Cl2.
What do you mean by Chlorine gas?
Chlorine gas is a greenish-yellow gas with a pungent odor that is highly toxic and corrosive. It is often used as a disinfectant and bleach in water treatment and swimming pools. Exposure to chlorine gas can cause severe irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, and can even be fatal in large doses.
What are Moles?
Moles are a unit of measurement in chemistry used to measure the amount of a substance. The mole is defined as the amount of a substance that contains as many elementary entities (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. The mole is a base unit in the International System of Units (SI) and has the symbol mol.
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(c) Explain your answers in A student mixed equal volumes of Ethanol and butanoic acid. He added a few drops of concentrated Sulphuric (VI) acid and warmed the mixture (i) Name and write the formula of the main products Name... Formula.. (ii) Which homologous series does the product named in (i) above belong? ***PLEASE HELP IT'S HOMEWORK
Answer:
Products: Ethyl butanoate + Water ||| C6H12O2 + H2O
This Compound is an Ester
Explanation:
So I assume that this question is an esterification question for a few reasons.
1. Since there is a Carboxylic acid and Alcohol reacting, it automatically means that it is esterification.
2. Sulphuric Acid is used as a catalyst so it won't affect this question in any way.
* Water is formed since you'd remove H from the Alcohol's Hydroxyl group, and when you remove an OH from the carboxyl group in the carboxylic acid.
Hopefully, this helped but since I don't have much context, I had to assume that you are doing Chemistry 30, Organic Chemistry.
What the frequency of an electromagnetic radiation with wavelength of 4.257 x 10^-9 m what type of EMR is this
Answer: The frequency is 7.047 Hz. It comes under ultraviolet radiation
Explanation:
We know that v = λ x f ................. (1)
where v ⇒ velocity of the wave
f ⇒ frequency of the wave
λ ⇒ wavelength of the wave
Since we know that the given wave is electromagnetic radiation,
v = 3 x 10⁸ m/s
λ = 4.257 x 10^-9 m (Given)
Substituting in (1), we get
f = v / λ
f = 3 x 10^8 / 4.257 x 10^-9
f = 7.047 x 10^16 Hz
Since the frequency is in the order of 16, the given radiation is ultraviolet radiation
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HOMOGENEOUS VS.
HETEROGENEOUS MATTER
Classify the following substances and mixtures as either homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Place a ✔️ In the correct column.
HOMOGENEOUS
1. flat soda pop
2. cherry vanilla ice cream
3. salad dressing
4. sugar
5. soil
6. aluminum foil
Name
7. black coffee
HETEROGENEOUS
HOMOGENEOUS
✔️ 1. flat soda pop
✔️ 2. cherry vanilla ice cream
✔️ 3. salad dressing
✔️ 4. sugar
HETEROGENEOUS
5. soil
aluminum foil
black coffee
Homogeneous substances and mixtures are uniform in composition and have the same properties throughout. Heterogeneous substances and mixtures are not uniform in composition and can have different properties in different parts.
Flat soda pop is a homogeneous mixture because it is a uniform mixture of water, carbon dioxide gas, and various flavors and sweeteners.
Cherry vanilla ice cream is a homogeneous mixture because it is a uniform mixture of milk, cream, sugar, cherries, and vanilla flavor.
Salad dressing is a homogeneous mixture because it is a uniform mixture of oil, vinegar, and various flavors and seasonings.
Sugar is a homogeneous substance because it is a pure substance made up of molecules with the same chemical formula.
Soil is a heterogeneous mixture because it is made up of a combination of minerals, organic matter, water, and air, which can vary in composition and properties in different parts of the mixture.
Aluminum foil is a heterogeneous mixture because it is made up of thin sheets of aluminum metal mixed with other substances, such as coatings or additives, which can vary in composition and properties in different parts of the mixture.
Black coffee is a homogeneous mixture because it is a uniform mixture of water, coffee beans, and various flavors and aromas.
The classification of the substances and mixtures as either homogeneous or heterogeneous:
HOMOGENEOUS:
Flat soda pop: ✔️
Salad dressing: ✔️
Sugar: ✔️
Black coffee: ✔️
HETEROGENEOUS:
Cherry vanilla ice cream: ✔️
Soil: ✔️
Aluminum foil: ✔️
Any material or combination that is homogeneous throughout and difficult to discern with the eye is referred to as homogeneous matter. Due to their similar composition, flat soda pop, salad dressing, sugar, and black coffee are categorized as homogenous in this example.
Contrarily, heterogeneous matter describes substances or mixes that are visibly distinct and have an uneven or non-uniform composition. Aluminum foil, cherry vanilla ice cream, and dirt are all examples of heterogeneous materials since they all have distinct visible components or phases.
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Ammonia gas has a molar mass of approximately 13 grams per mole. At 260K and 2.6 atm, a sample of ammonia has a volume of 2.5 L. In three to five sentences, explain how you can find the mass of the ammonia. Then, given R= 0.0821L⋅atm/mol⋅K, calculate the mass.
The mass of the ammonia, given that the sample of the ammonia has a volume of 2.5 L is 3.965 g
How do I determine the mass of the ammonia?First, we shall obtain the number of mole of the ammonia. Details below:
Temperature (T) = 260 KPressure (P) = 2.6 atmVolume (V) = 2.5 LGas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol Number of mole (n) =?PV = nRT
Divide both sides by RT
n = PV / RT
n = (2.6 × 2.5) / (0.0821 × 260)
n = 0.305 mole
Now, we shall determine the mass of the ammonia. Details below:
Mole of ammonia = 0.305 moles Molar mass of ammonia = 13 g/molMass of ammonia =?Mole = mass / molar mass
Cross multiply
Mass = Mole × molar mass
Mass of ammonia = 0.305 × 13
Mass of ammonia = 3.965 g
Thus, we can conclude that the mass of the ammonia is 3.965 g
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How much heat, in joules, does it take to raise the temperature of 225. 0 g of water from 25. 0°c to 100. 0°c ?.
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 225.0 g of water from 25.0°C to 100.0°C is equal to 67,837 joules.
What is temperature?
A physical quantity known as temperature expresses the concepts of hotness as well as coldness in numerical form. With a thermometer, temperature is measured. Thermometers are calibrated using a number of temperature scales which historically defined various reference points as well as thermometric substances. The most widely used scales are the Kelvin scale (K), which is primarily used for scientific purposes, the Fahrenheit scale (°F), as well as the Celsius scale (°C), formerly known as centigrade, with the unit symbol °C. In the Worldwide System of Units, one of the eight base units is the kelvin (SI).
The amount of heat, in joules, required to raise the temperature of 225.0 g of water from 25.0°C to 100.0°C can be calculated using the equation:
Q = mcΔT
where
Q = heat in joules,
m = mass of the water in grams,
c = specific heat capacity of water,
ΔT = change in temperature (100.0°C – 25.0°C = 75.0°C).
Using these values, the equation can be rearranged to:
Q = (225.0 g) (4.184 J/g°C) (75.0°C)
Therefore, the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 225.0 g of water from 25.0°C to 100.0°C is equal to 67,837 joules.
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how many electrons can be contained in all of the orbitals with a principle energy level of 3?
Answer:
Thus, the second principal energy level can hold up to eight electrons, two in the s orbital and six in the p orbital. The third principal energy level has one s orbital, three p orbitals, and five d orbitals, which can each hold up to 10 electrons. This allows for a maximum of 18 electrons.
do the initial concentrations afect the equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products of a given reaction?
No, the initial concentrations affect the equilibrium concentrations of reactants and the products.
The equilibrium constant does not depend on the initial concentration of reactants but depends on concentration of various species at equilibrium .
The equilibrium constant is the ratio between the product of the molar concentrations of the products to that of the product of the molar concentrations of the reactants with each concentration term raised to a power equal to stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical equation.
If you increase the concentration of a reactant or product participated in an equilibrium, the system will absorb some of the added material and after some time the system will re establish equilibrium. When you recalculate Keq, you get the same value.
It changes with the change in the temperature.
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66.7 mL of Ethanol was dissolved in 222.2 mL of water. What is the volume % of the ethanol in the solution?
Respond with the correct number of signficant figures in scientific notation. (Use E notation and only 1 digit before decimal, for example, 2.5E5 for 2.5 times 10 to the power of 5)
66.7 mL of Ethanol was dissolved in 222.2 mL of water. the volume % of the ethanol in the solution is 30.0 %.
Given that :
volume of the solute = 66.7 mL
volume of the solution = 222.2 mL
by using the volume % formula we can directly determine the volume % of ethanol, the percent by volume expression is given as :
volume % = (volume of solute / volume of solution ) × 100 %
volume % = (66.7 / 222.2 ) × 100 %
volume % = 0.300 × 100 %
volume % = 30 .0 %
( v / v ) % = 30.0 %
Thus, the percent by volume is 30.0 %.
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Recommendations suggest a way that each farm could change their farming practices to prevent pollution of the river with nitrates.
The most efficient approaches to minimize nitrate pollution of rivers are to utilize biofertilizers instead of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers or to reduce their use altogether, in farming.
What is Nitrate pollution?
Groundwater and rivers may become contaminated with nitrogen from a variety of sources. The environment naturally contains a certain amount of nitrogen, and small amounts of nitrate are essential nutrients. However, there is an issue with the high nitrate levels found in significant anthropogenic contributions such as sewage, animal waste, nitrogen-based fertilizers, agricultural runoff, and fertilizers.
What are Biofertilizers?
A biofertilizer is a substance that contains living microorganisms that, when added to soil, seeds, or plant surfaces, colonize the plant's rhizosphere and encourage growth by boosting the supply or availability of essential nutrients to the host plants.
Hence, the most efficient approaches to minimize nitrate pollution in rivers are to utilize biofertilizers.
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What is the difference, on a molecular level, between a gas, liquid, and solid