Answer:
The heat value can be calculated using the equation q = m * c * delta T, where q is the heat value, m is the mass of the iron sample, c is the specific heat of iron, and delta T is the change in temperature. In this case, q = 9.0 g * 0.44 J/g * (60-30) = 804 J.
The sign of q indicates whether heat is being absorbed or lost by the iron sample. In this case, since the temperature of the iron sample decreases from 60°C to 30°C, the sample loses heat and q is negative. Therefore, the heat value of the iron sample in this case is -804 J.
A 9.0 g sample of iron (specific heat= 0.44 J/g °C) heated to 60°C eventually cools to 30°C. 804 J is the heat value. The sign of heat is negative which indicate energy is released.
What is heat?Heat is the energy that moves through one thing to another if the temperatures are different. Heat passes from the hotter to the colder body when two bodies with differing temperatures are brought together. Typically, but not always, this energy transfer results in a rise inside the temperature of a colder body and a fall inside the temperature of a hotter body.
By transitioning through one physical state (and phase) to the other, such as melting from such a solid to a liquid, sublimation from either a solid to a vapour, boiling from such a liquid to a vapour, or shifting through one stable state to another, a substance can absorb heat without increasing in temperature.
q = m × c × ΔT
q = heat
m = mass of the iron sample
c =specific heat of iron
Δ T= change in temperature
q = 9.0 g×0.44 J/g × (60-30) = 804 J
heat = -804 J.
Therefore, a 9.0 g sample of iron (specific heat= 0.44 J/g °C) heated to 60°C eventually cools to 30°C. 804 J is the heat value. The sign of heat is negative which indicate energy is released.
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which are true statements regarding beers law. mark all that apply the curved relationship between absorbance and concentration a
None of them are true statements regarding beer's law. Limiting factors, including using only diluted liquids and monochromatic light, must be taken into account when applying legislation to any analysis.
Which statement of Beer's law is accurate?The following is stated by Beer's law: The sample concentration and sample path length for a particular substance are directly related to the light absorbance.
What are Beer's law's three components?You can see from the formula for absorbance that it depends on three things: the solution's molar absorptivity, the path length, or the distance traveled by light in the sample cell, and the solution's concentration.
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What are Quantitative and qualitative properties?
This is a science grade 9 question
Answer:
Explanation:
Quantitative properties are characteristics of a substance that can be measured using a numerical value. Examples of quantitative properties include mass, volume, density, and chemical concentration. These properties can be measured and compared using mathematical techniques and formulas.
Qualitative properties, on the other hand, are characteristics of a substance that cannot be measured using a numerical value. Examples of qualitative properties include color, odor, taste, and texture. These properties are typically described using words or phrases, and cannot be compared using mathematical techniques.
Quantitative and qualitative properties are both important for understanding the characteristics and behavior of a substance. Quantitative properties are useful for making precise measurements and predictions, while qualitative properties provide valuable information about the appearance and sensory properties of a substance. Together, these two types of properties help us to understand the nature of a substance and its behavior in different situations.
We can calculate the pH range over which a particular acid and its conjugate base can be used to make an effective buffer. If a buffer solution is created by adding NaOH to a solution of benzoic acid, C6H5COOH. (pka = 4.20). What is effective buffer range for the solution? O 1-7 O 10.80 - 8.80 O 2.20-6.20 O 3.20 - 5.20 O 7-14
If a buffer solution is created by adding NaOH to a solution of benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, the effective buffer range for the solution will be (d) 3.20 - 5.20.
pKa of benzoic acid = 4.20
The effective buffer range of solution = ?
The term "buffer" can also refer to a solution that has reserve acidity or alkalinity and is able to resist a change in pH even after a trace amount of acid or alkali has been added to it.
Any buffer has an effective pH range of one pH unit on either side of the pKa value for the weak acid.
As the pKa is 4.20
then pH range will be
4.20 +- 1
pH range = 3.20 - 5.20
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the product of the following reaction has the constitution shown. no stereochemistry is implied. deduce the stereochemistry on the basis of the fact that iodolactonization is normally an anti addition and it was determined experimentally that the ring junction is cis. select the single best answer. 1935 1935c 1935a 1935d 1935b
The stereochemistry on the basis of the fact that iodolactonization is normally an anti addition and it was determined experimentally that the ring junction is cis. is Option A.
Stereochemistry is a branch of chemistry that involves the study of different spatial arrangements of atoms within molecules. Stereochemistry is a systematic presentation of a particular field of science and technology and traditionally requires a brief history course.
Stereochemistry is the visualization of molecules in 3D. Before I learned stereochemistry, I had only studied the two-dimensional structure of molecules so it is very difficult for students. You can explore different ball-and-stick models of molecules for proper visualization in 3D. Stereoisomerism.
Certain substituted derivatives of cycloalkanes exhibit a type of isomerism called stereoisomerism. In this isomerism, two substances have the same molecular formula and composition but differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms.
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what is the best transition metal cation that can react with ethene
Answer:
Explanation:
1+ 2+ 3+
copper(I), Cu+ cadmium, Cd2+ chromium(III), Cr3+
gold(I), Au+ chromium(II), Cr2+ cobalt(III), Co3+
mercury(I), Hg22+ cobalt(II), Co2+ gold(III), Au3+
silver, Ag+ copper(II), Cu2+ iron(III), Fe3+
arrange the following afn species in order of increasing f-a-f bond angles: bf3, bef2, cf4, nf3, of2.
One fluorine atom is added to the phosphorus trifluoride molecule to create this molecule. The molecule has a pyramidal form by nature. In this instance, the bond angle for F-P-F is 109 degrees.
What is nf3's bond angle?
Similar to ammonia, the molecule possesses a trigonal pyramidal structure. The very electronegative fluorines pull the electrons in the N-F bonds towards themselves, lowering interelectronic repulsions, and reducing the bond angle from 107° in ammonia to 101.9° in NF3. As a result, the NF3 "umbrella" closes up.
that has a higher bond angle NF3 or NCl3?
The N-F bond would have a stronger p character than the N-H bond because fluorine is more electronegative than hydrogen. Large bond angles result from more strong character. As a result, NH3 has a larger bond angle than NF3. Now think about NCl3
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the amino acid phenylalanine can be made in the laboratory. choose the correct reagents needed to make this molecule.
The amino acid phenylalanine can be made in the laboratory. Ore NH3 reagents needed to make this molecule.
Phenylalanine is a crucial amino acid with the chemical formula C 9H 11NO 2. Its symbol is Phe or F. Reagents like benzyl group in place of the methyl group in alanine or as a phenyl group in place of the terminal hydrogen. This significant amino acid is classified as neutral and nonpolar due to the inert and hydrophobic nature of the benzyl side chain. The L-isomer is used in the biochemical synthesis of DNA-coded proteins. Precursors of phenylalanine include tyrosine, the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), as well as the skin pigment melanin. It is encoded by the codons UUU and UUC. Phenylalanine is a substance found in animal milk. It is used to make food and drink products and is marketed as a dietary supplement due to its analgesic and depressive qualities. It is a direct precursor to the neuromodulator dietary supplement phenethylamine. Because neither humans nor other animals can synthesize phenylalanine, it must be ingested or found in proteins, making it an essential amino acid.
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draw the organic product(s) of the following reactions including stereochemistry when it is appropriate. h2 lindlar catalyst
Draw the organic product(s) of the following reactions including stereochemistry when it is appropriate. H₂ lindlar catalyst is given as :
CH₃-C≡C-CH₂-CH₂- CH₃ + H₂ Lindlar catalyst --> CH₃ - C=C - CH₂ -CH₂- CH₃
| |
H H
The lindlar catalyst is used to hydrgenate the bond into the double bonds. H₂ + lindlar catalyst is used to reduce the alkynes which contains the triple bond in to the alkene which contains the double bond. the H₂ + lindlar catalyst doest noty react with the the alkenes. the reaction of H₂ + lindlar catalyst is given as follows :
CH₃-C≡C-CH₂-CH₂- CH₃ + H₂Lindlar catalyst --> CH₃-C=C - CH₂ -CH₂- CH₃
2 - hexyne | |
H H
2 - hexene
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If the nuclide is above the valley of stability, the n/Z ratio is too ____ (high/low) and it will undergo ____ decay to reach the valley of stability.
If the nuclide is below the valley of stability, the n/Z ratio is too ___ (high/low) and it will undergo ___ decay or ___decay to reach the valley of stability.
If the nuclide is above the valley of stability, the n/Z ratio is too high and it will undergo β decay to reach the valley of stability.
If the nuclide is below the valley of stability, the n/Z ratio is too low and it will undergo β+ decay or α decay to reach the valley of stability.
The nuclear reaction is one that changes the structure of the nucleus of an atom. The atomic numbers and mass numbers in a nuclear equation must be balanced. Protons and neutrons are made up of quarks. The two most common modes of natural radioactivity are alpha decay and beta decay. The nuclear disintegration process that emits alpha particles is called alpha decay. All nuclei with 84 or more protons are radioactive, and elements with less than 84 protons have both stable and unstable isotopes. All of these elements can go through nuclear changes and turn into different elements.
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The next 7 questions are related to the titration of 40.0 mL of a 0.0150 M Zn2+ solution with 0.0250 M EDTA in a solution buffered at pH 11. Assume that the temperature is 25 oC and that the formation constant for Zn2+ is 3.13 x 1016 at this temperature.
How many mmols of Zn2+ are present in the solution before the titration begin?
What is the conditional formation constant for Zn at this pH?
What volume of the EDTA solution is needed to reach the equivalence point?Alpha values for EDTA are in table 13-3 on page 299 of the textbook.
What is the pZn of the analyte solution before the titration begins?
What is the pZn of the solution after 15 mL of titrant have been added?
What is the pZn at the equivalence point of the titration?
What is the pZn of the solution after 30 mL of titrant have been added?
Using complex-forming processes, complex metric titrations are primarily used to identify metal ions.
Although there are various complexing agents that can be utilized for this task (cyanide, thiocyanate, fluoride, 1,2-diaminoethane, etc.), in actuality the titrants are usually invariably compounds with the iminodiacetic acid functional groups. The sodium salt, Na₂H₂Y 2H₂O, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid are the two that are used the most frequently (better soluble in water).
Most requirements for a good complexometric titrant are mostly met by EDTA. It reacts quickly with most metal ions (except Cr₃⁺), forms sufficiently stable complexes with most metal ions, all of the complexes have perfect 1:1 stoichiometry (independent of the charge of the cation), are water soluble, and are colorless (unless the metal is present).
(unless the metal ion is colored by itself). A typical metal ion's reaction with EDTA (H₄Y) can be expressed as follows:
that is, as a battle between the metal ion and hydrogen ions for interacting with Y₂−. The equilibrium constant for the reaction, KMeY, which measures the stability of binding of Men + with Y₂ is as follows.
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Which of the following samples will have the greatest volume at STP? O 22 g Ne O 22 g He O 22 g 02 O 22 g Cl2 OAll have the same V at STP
Option (b). 22 g He have the greatest volume at STP because it has the lower molar mass.
1 mole of gas at STP will have volume 22.4L (for all gases)
Mole is defined as the amount of a substance that contains the number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 g of isotopically pure carbon-12 . It allows determination of the number of molecules or atoms by weighing them.
number of moles = mass / molar mass
mass is the same for all. if moles will be high then the volume will be high . the mole will be high only which have a lower molar mass . The molar mass is defined as the mass in grams of 1 mole of that substance. For an element, the molar mass is the mass of 1 mole of atoms of that element for a covalent molecular compound it is the mass of 1 mole of molecules of that compound. for an ionic compound, it is the mass of 1 mole of formula units. so in all, He has a lower molar mass. so it will have highest no of moles.
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which of the following types of particle is most common in the universe? neutrinos electrons neutrons protons
The universe's most prevalent mass-containing particles are neutrinos. Atomic nuclei emit neutrinos whenever they combine (as in the sun) or disintegrate (as in a nuclear reactor).
A particle is a neutrino. It is one of the so-called fundamental particles, which means that, at least as far as we are aware, it is not composed of any smaller parts. The electron, the most well-known fundamental particle (and the one driving the device you're reading this on right now), belongs to the same family as neutrinos. Neutrinos don't have any charge at all, in contrast to electrons which have a negative charge.
Additionally, neutrinos are exceedingly light and tiny. They have a small amount of mass. Of all the mass-containing subatomic particles, they are the lightest. They are the most abundant massive particle in the universe, and they are also quite common. Neutrinos originate from a variety of sources and are frequently the result of a process known as "decay," in which heavy particles transform into lighter ones.
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in general, the basic the leaving group, the reactive than carboxylic acid derivative. (select all that apply)
in general, the basic the leaving group, the reactive than carboxylic acid derivative is Acid chloride, Acid anhydride.
Carboxylic acid is a carboxylate gang organic compound. They are abundant and are also synthesised by humans. Carboxylic acids start to denature to form a carboxylate anion with the general formula R-COO-, that can form a variety of useful salts such as shampoos. The IUPAC name of a carboxylic acid is derived from the spelling of the parent alkane's lengthiest carbon chain that includes the carbon - carbon double bond by removing the final -e as well as adding the suffix -oic followed by the term "acid." The sequence is counted starting with the carboxyl group's carbon.
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the complete question is :
in general, the basic the leaving group, the reactive than carboxylic acid derivative. (select all that apply)
Acid chloride
Acid anhydride
Ester
Amide
draw the arrow pushing reaction mechanism for the aldol condensation of vanillin and acetone during the first step
Aldol condensation is a reaction that results in the formation of a carbon-carbon bond, an enol or enolate molecule, and an aldehyde or ketone.
Removing the alpha hydrogen, establishing fresh carbon and carbonyl bonds, and changing carbonyl groups into COH.
These reactions include an enol or enolate ion reacting with a carbonyl molecule to produce a -hydroxy aldehyde or -hydroxy ketone, which is then dehydrated to produce a conjugated enone. Let's talk more about cross aldol condensation, the aldol condensation process, and its mechanism.
Thus, the acetaldehyde enolate's nucleophilic addition to benzaldehyde produces the aldol product: We will discuss all the additional potential outcomes and specifics of the crossover aldol reaction.
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which of the following will an organism that is experiencing an elevated carbon dioxide concentration most likely do?
The increase in concentration of CO₂ will leads to form low pH of water because CO₂ is a acidic oxide. The temperature will also rising, this an organism that is experiencing an elevated carbon dioxide concentration most likely do.
What happens when concentration of CO₂ increases?The heat that is trapped aids in keeping the earth's temperature constant. However, the amount of heat trapped in the atmosphere will grow as CO₂ levels rise. Global warming is the process through which the earth's temperature rises as a result.
An immediate rise in CO₂ does not reduce respiratory oxygen consumption; rather, it increases with prolonged development in the field at increasing CO₂. Thus, the increase in concentration of CO₂ will leads to form low pH of water because CO₂ is a acidic oxide. The temperature will also rising, this an organism that is experiencing an elevated carbon dioxide concentration most likely do.
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The complete question is as follows:
mannose, one of the eight essential monosaccharides, is biosynthesized as its 6-phosphate derivative from fructose 6-phosphate. no cofactor is required. draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the reaction mechanism.
The 6-phosphate derivative of mannose, one of the eight essential monosaccharides, is biosynthesized from fructose 6-phosphate. The oxygen atom experiences electron migration.
How do monosaccharides work?The most fundamental type of a carbohydrate is a monosaccharide. Larger carbohydrates, such as oligosaccharides or polysaccharides, can be created by joining monosaccharides through glycosidic linkages. A disaccharide is an oligosaccharide that contains just two monosaccharides. An oligosaccharide turns into a polysaccharide when it forms glycosidic connections with more than 20 monosaccharides.
Where can you find mannose?A simple sugar called d-mannose can be found in many fruits. It has to do with glucose. In some human body cells, it also happens naturally.
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a public good: group of answer choices cannot be provided to one person without making it available to others too. costs essentially nothing to produce and thus is provided by the government at zero price. generally results in substantial spillover costs. can never be provided by a nongovernmental organization.
A public good cannot be provided to one person without making it available to others as well.
A non-exclusive, non-rivalrous good is referred to as a public good. It cannot be given to just one person without also being made available to others. If one person uses it, it doesn't prevent others from doing so as well. Roads are an illustration of a public good.
Club goods and private goods are in opposition to public goods. An example of a public good is a club good. It is non-rivalrous but excludable. One example of a club good is paid streaming services. The service is not available to those who do not subscribe. However, each subscriber is equally valued by the service.
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29. Which of the following best describes the properties of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
A. Protons and electrons are inside the nucleus while neutrons are outside the nucleus.
B. Protons, electrons, and neutrons are all inside the nucleus.
C. Protons and neutrons are inside the nucleus while electrons are outside the nucleus.
D. Protons are outside the nucleus while electrons and neutrons are inside the nucleus.
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
Write a balanced equation for the double-replacement precipitation reaction described, using the smallest possible integer coefficients. A precipitate forms when aqueous solutions of cobalt(II) chloride and potassium hydroxide are combined. Use the pull-down boxes to include states such as (8) or (aq).
The reaction between cobalt (II) chloride and potassium hydroxide can be depicted as follows:
CoCl2(aq)+2KOH(aq)----> Ca(OH)2(s)+2KCl(aq)
A double displacement reaction is one that involves the exchange of ions and leads to the formation of new products. The products that are soluble in water are represented by the symbol (aq) and the ones that are insoluble in the water remain in the (s) or precipitate form along with the chemical formulas.
The double displacement reaction can be depicted as follows:
XY+AB--->AB+AY
The reaction between cobalt (II) chloride and potassium hydroxide can be depicted as follows:
CoCl2(aq)+2KOH(aq)----> Ca(OH)2(s)+2KCl(aq)
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TRUE/FALSE. two different compounds exist having the formula n2f2. one compound is polar whereas the other is nonpolar
True.
Polar substances have electronegativity differences while non polar substances do not have differences.
The analyze is:
N2F2 is polar. Because there are differences in the electro negativity values of the 2 elements. But the polarity depends on the type of isomer, the cis isomer form is polar because it has a dipole moment of 0.16 D. Meanwhile the trans isomer form is non polar because it doesn't have a dipole moment.
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Which of the following is the conjugate acid of H₂PO4?
hs
OA. HP04-2
OB. PO4³-
OC. H₂PO4
D. H3PO4
The conjugate acid of H₂PO4 is H₃PO₄.
The correct option is D.
What are conjugate acids?Conjugate acids are chemical species that are formed when a base accepts a proton.
A conjugate acid contains one more proton than the base from which it is formed.
Conjugate acids are derived from the Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, which states that an acid is a chemical compound that donates a proton to a base.
The conjugate acid of H₂PO4⁻ will contain one more proton and a higher positive charge than H₂PO4⁻. Hence, the conjugate acid of H₂PO4⁻ is H₃PO₄.
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Which of the following is a redox reaction?
Answer:
Explanation:
Correct option is ( A ).
in this respective reaction 3MnO2 + 4Al ---- 3Mn + 2Al2O3 ,
MnO2 is acting as an oxidising agent i.e. it oxidises Al to Al2O3.
Hence , it is an Redox reaction.
1. The experiment is set up as shown and left until there is no further change. water purple crystal of potassium manganate(VII) What is observed?
A. a colourless layer below a purple layer
B. a colourless liquid with the purple crystal unchanged
C. a purple layer below a colourless layer
D. a uniformly purple solution
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Based on the information provided, it is likely that the observation will be a purple layer below a colorless layer. Potassium manganate(VII) is a purple crystalline compound that is often used as a laboratory reagent. When it is placed in water, it will dissolve and form a purple solution. However, if the solution is left to stand for a period of time, the purple color will gradually fade and a colorless layer of liquid will form at the bottom of the container, with the purple crystal unchanged at the top. Therefore, the most likely observation in this experiment will be a purple layer below a colorless layer (Option C).
Calculate molality (m)of benzoic acid, in mol/kg, using the formula Δt = Kf × m. (The Kf value for lauric acid is 3.9°C•kg/mol) Calculate moles of benzoic acid solute, using the molality and the mass (in kg) of lauric acid solvent. Calculate the experimental molecular weight of benzoic acid, in g/mol. Determine the accepted molecular weight of benzoic acid from its formula, C6H5COOH. Calculate the percent discrepancy between the experimental and accepted values.
mass of lauric acid (g) : 8.00
mass of benzoic acid (g): 1.50
Freezing point of pure lauric acid (C): 36.37
Freezing point of benzoic acid-lauric acid mixture (C): 42.51
Molality: This feature of solutions tells us how many moles there are in a kilogram of the solvent. It is a way of displaying any solution's concentration.
a. We have,
42.95 degrees Celsius is the freezing point of pure lauric acid.
Benzoic acid and Lauric acid have a freezing point of 47.27 C.
Cryoscopic constant =3.90∘C⋅kg⋅mol−1
We know,
Δt=kf×m
(47.279−42.950)=3.90×m
m=3.90/4.329
m=0.9mol/kg
b. We know,
Lauric acid weighs 8.02 x 10(-3) kg (w1)
Suppose there are n2 moles of benzoic acid, which means:
w2/M2=n2
Where, w2 is the solute's andmolar mass of solute.
Hence,
m=(w2/M2 × 1/w1)mol/kg
And the number of moles is given as,
n=m×w1
=0.9×8.02×10^(-3)
=0.0072mol
As a result, there are 0.0072 moles of benzoic acid solute.
c. The experimental molar mass of benzoic acid,
=(w2/n2) g/mol
=1.04/0.0072
=144 g/mol
d. The accepted molar mass of benzoic acid
(CH3COOH) will be,
=(7×12)+(6×1)+(2×16) g/mol
=122 g/mol
e. Following are the details of the difference between the experimental and acceptable value:
= experimental molar mass - accepted molar mass × 10/ accepted molar mass
= 144-122 ×100/122
=18.08%
f. By repeating steps 1 to 3, the molar mass of the unknown solute will be,
Step 1: Calculation of molality
Δt=kf×m
2.34=3.90×m
m=0.6
Step 2: Calculation of the number of moles of an unknown solute
n2=7m×w
=0.6×(8.04×10^(-2))
=0.0482 mol
Step 3: Calculation of molar mass of unknown solute
M = w/n
= 0.98/ 0.0482
=23.11
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a region of vacuum contains both a uniform electric field with magnitude e and a uniform magnetic field with magnitude b.
A region of the vacuum that contains both uniform electric field and a uniform magnetic field is called electromagnetic radiation.
A region of the vacuum that contains uniform electric and magnetic field simultaneously is called an electromagnetic radiation or an Electromagnetic wave.
Wave does not recover any medium to travel because it is made up of electric and magnetic field which also do not require any medium to be in existence.
An Electromagnetic wave travels with the speed of light. The component of the electric field and the magnetic field contributes equally in sense of energy of the wave.
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5.By what factor must the original volume be increased when the temperature is increased from 25oC to 50oC
Answer:
To determine the factor by which the volume of a substance must be increased when the temperature is increased from 25oC to 50oC, we need to know the substance's coefficient of thermal expansion.
The coefficient of thermal expansion is a measure of how much a substance's volume will increase in response to a given temperature change.
Assuming that we have the coefficient of thermal expansion for the substance in question, we can use the following formula to calculate the factor by which the volume must be increased:
Factor = 1 + coefficient of thermal expansion * (change in temperature)
In this case, the change in temperature is 50oC - 25oC = 25oC. Therefore, the factor by which the volume must be increased is:
Factor = 1 + coefficient of thermal expansion * 25oC
The exact value of the factor will depend on the substance's coefficient of thermal expansion. In general, substances with a high coefficient of thermal expansion will have a larger increase in volume when the temperature is increased.
You need to dilute 20.0 mL of a 1.40 M solution of LiCN to make a
0.0420 M solution of LICN. What is the final volume (in mL) of this
solution.
The final volume of the solution is 666.7 mL.
What is the final volume?We know that we can be able to obtain the volume of the solution by applying the formula for dilution. When we talk about dilution we are referring to the volume of the water that we have to add to the solution.
Then we have;
Initial volume V1 = 20.0 mL
Final volume V2 = ?
Initial concentration C1 = 1.40 M
Final concentration C2 = 0.0420 M
Then we have
C1V1 = C2V2
V2 = C1V1 /C2
V2 = 20.0 mL * 1.40 M/0.0420 M
V2 = 666.7 mL
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which of the following substances is not a solution? saline steel humid air oxygen all of the above are solutions.
Answer: Oxygen
Explanation: Oxygen is just an element, not a solution
calculate the maximum internal crack length allowable for a ti-6al-4v titanium alloy (table 9.1) component that is loaded to a stress one-half its yield strength. assume that the value of y is 1.50.
The maximum internal crack length allowable for a ti-6al-4v titanium alloy is 4.134 mm.
Calculation:-
Find the allowable internal cracking length as follows:
[tex]2a_{c}\frac{2}{\pi } ( {\frac{k_{ic} }{yo} })[/tex]
= 2/π (55/1.5×455)²
= 0.004134 m
= 4.134 mm
Critical crack length marks the transition from a stable crack growth regime to an unstable crack growth regime leading to catastrophic rupture or failure. The rearrangement gives the critical crack size for a given tensile stress. Ultimate strength is the ability of a material to resist failure and is named.
Critical crack size is the length at which a crack becomes unstable at a given stress. It is very useful in determining the safety of materials. An unstable crack propagates spontaneously without increasing the magnitude of the applied stress once it begins to propagate.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. The lewis structure of pf3 shows that the central phosphorus atom has ________ nonbonding and ________ bonding electron pair(s)
The lewis structure of [tex]PF_3[/tex] shows that the central phosphorus atom has 1 nonbonding and 3 bonding electron pair(s)
Let us consider the Lewis Structure of [tex]PF_3[/tex]
Here, the central atom is phosphorus P.
We know, The atomic number of Phosphorus is 15.
The so the distribution will be like 2, 8, 5
Here, in the last orbit total of 5 electrons are present, so for completing the octet it needs 3 more electrons.
Hence, The phosphorus atom has 1 non-bonding and 3 bonding electron pairs with fluorine atoms.
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