0.370 moles of a and 0.370 moles of b are placed in a 1.00-l closed container, heated to 700 °c and allowed to reach equilibrium. what is the concentration of c once equilibrium is established?

The ratio of the constants for the two reactions is found to be 7.10 by using the Arrhenius equation.

The Arrhenius equation is [tex]k = A e^\frac{-Ea}{RT}[/tex], where A is the frequency or pre-exponential factor and [tex]e^\frac{-Ea}{RT}[/tex] is the proportion of collisions at temperature T that have enough energy to overcome the activation barrier (i.e., have energy higher than or equal to the activation energy Ea).

The exponential part in the Arrhenius equation means that when the activation energy diminishes, the rate constant of a reaction grows exponentially. Because the rate of a reaction is exactly proportional to its rate constant, the rate also grows exponentially. Because a reaction with a low activation energy requires less energy to reach the transition state, it should occur more quickly than a reaction with a higher activation energy.

Given:

T = 25℃ = 25 + 273 = 298K

[tex]Ea^B - Ea^A[/tex] = 28kJ/mol = 28000J/mol

R = 8.314J

To find:

kA / kB = ?

Formula:

[tex]k = A e^\frac{-Ea}{RT}[/tex]

Calculations:

From Arrhenius equation,

kA = [tex]A e^\frac{-Ea^A}{RT}[/tex]

kB = [tex]A e^\frac{-Ea^B}{RT}[/tex]

kA / kB = [tex]e^\frac{Ea^B - Ea^A}{RT}[/tex]

kA / kB = [tex]e^\frac{28000}{8.314 * 298}[/tex]

kA / kB = 7.10

Result:

The ratio of the constants is found to be 7.10

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Its is different because Iron-59 contains 33 neutrons. We also call it the same because it has 26 protons.

Due to its 33 neutrons, iron-59 differs from other iron isotopes. Due to the fact that all isotopes have 26 protons, they are all the same.

What are Isotopes?
Isotopes two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element.

Hence, Iron-59 is different form other isotopes of iron because it contains 33 neutrons. It is the same as other isotopes because they all contain 26 protons.

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All of th Earth's water reservoirs connected to the ocean by the processes of evaporation and precipitation.

Evaporation and precipitation processes link the ocean to all of the earth's water reservoirs, making it a crucial component of the water cycle.

Due to the fact that all significant watersheds on Earth drain to the ocean, the ocean is linked to significant lakes, watersheds, and streams. From watersheds to estuaries and the ocean, rivers and streams carry nutrients, salts, sediments, and pollutants.

Evaporation refers to the process in which liquid is converted into gaseous state or vapours. Precipitation is the process in which gaseous vapours are turned into liquid state and are shed down on the Earth.

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Answer:26.2 grams

Explanation:We have 58.93 grams per mole cover so from here we'll be able to cancel moles of coat, and the remaining unit in the numerator will be gram which is our desired unit and then multiplying these 2 numbers 0.445 multiplied by 58.93. We should get 26.2 grams.

The concentration of HCl is found to be 1.062M from the titration reaction.

Titration is a standard quantitative chemical analysis laboratory method for determining the concentration of a specified analyte. The titrant or titrator is a reagent that is produced as a standard solution of known concentration and volume. Titration is the constant addition of a known concentration solution (referred to as a titrant) to a known volume of a solution an unknown concentration until the reaction approaches equilibrium, which is indicated by a change in color.

Given:

V1 = 44.27mL

C1 = 0.120M

V2 = 5.00mL

To find:

C2 = ?

Formula:

V1C1 = V2C2

Calculations:

C2 = V1C1 / V2

C2 = 44.27 x 0.120 / 5

C2 = 5.3124 / 5

C2 = 1.062M

Result:

The concentration of HCl is found to be 1.062M

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Volume required is 41.625 ml of 0.20M NaOH must be added to the 20 ml of 5%. acetic acid solution to bring the pH to 4.74.

Solution -

Step 1: To calculate molarity of acetic acid in100 mL of solution

Molar mass of acetic acid  = 60.0591 mol

No. of moles of acetic acid = mass of acetic acid ÷Molar mass of acetic acid

=5g÷60.05g/mol

moles of acetic acid 0.08326 mol

Molarity of acetic acid =moles of acetic acid/ Vol of sol" (in L)

                                        =0.08326 mol/L÷0.1L

                                    =0.8326mol/L

Molarity of 20 mL of 5% acetic acid solution = (20 mL) x 0.8326 mol /L

                                                                       = 0.01665 mol/L

Step 2 :To calculate volume of 0.20 M NaOH required.

Let 'v' liters of 0.20 M NaOH was added to the acetic acid solution.

New Molarity of NaOH, x = (V x 0·20) M -equation (1)

Given: pH=4.74 ,pka=4.74

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is:

[tex]pH = pK_a + log10([A^-] / [HA])[/tex]

[A⁻] = conjugate base

[HA] = acid

               Acetic acid + NaOH → Sodium acetate + H2O

Initial      0.01665 M        xM             0 M

change      -x                   -x                 +x

Final        0.01665-x          0                 xM

pH=pK a +log [Sodium acetate] [acetic acid]

4 * 74 = 4 * 74 + log(x/(0.01665 - x))

0 = log(x/(0.01665 - x))

Taking antilog both

[antilog (0) = 1]

1 = x / 0.016C5-x

0.01665 - x = x

x = 0.008325 M

New So, Molarity of NaOH = 0.008325 M

From equation (1).

New Molarity of NaOH = V ×0.20M

=0.008325 V × 0.20

V= 0.041625 L

V= 41.625 mL

Thus the volume will be V= 41.625 mL

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Explanation:

A reaction at equilibrium essentially means that the number of reactants and products is constant (but not necessarily equal) and continue to be constant until a change is imposed on the system.

The wavelength for transition in  hydrogen atom is 397 nm.

1/wavelength = RH[(1/n12 )-(1/n22)]

Here RH= Rydberg constant = 109,677 cm-1

n1= 2

n2= 7

Substituting these values in the Rydberg formula we get

1/wavelength = 109,677cm-1[(1/2^2)-(1/7^2)]

1/wavelength = 109,677cm-1[(1/4)-(1/49)]

1/wavelength= 109,677cm-1[(49-4)/(49*4)]

Wavelength=( 49*4)/(45*109677) cm

Wavelength = 3.97*10^-5 cm

Wavelength= 397*10^-9 m

Wavelength= 397 nm.

Solve for the electron energy in the n = 7 plane of the hydrogen atom. So the soul you have is E equal to 13.6 divided by N square hoops. Here's an E.V that ends with a 7. All lines with a final energy level of n = 2 form a Balmer series. Going from n=5 to n=2 gives the third row of the Balmer series.

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By looking at a nuclear reaction, a fission reaction can be easily identified as it shows the breakdown of a larger atom into two or more smaller nuclei.

it is the formation of one or more new nuclides by the collision of two nuclei or external subatomic particles. Nuclear reactions are of two types:

In nuclear fission reaction, a heavier nucleus splits into several smaller lighter nuclei fragments and two or more neutrons. These fragments, or fission products, are either equal to or half of the original mass of the atom The reaction proceeds with a very high emission of energy.

[tex]238_{92}[/tex]U → [tex]234_{90}[/tex]Th + [tex]4_{2}[/tex][tex]\alpha[/tex]

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Answer:

So, total number of atoms = 6 + 12 + 6 = 24.

Explanation:

The maximum kinetic energy of an ejected electron is  5.08 e⁻²⁰.

Total energy = threshold energy + kinetic energy.

        Kinetic energy = Total energy - threshold energy

                                  = hc/λ - hc/λ₀

                                 = 6.64 × 10⁻³⁴ × 3 × 10⁸( 1/312 - 1/339) × 10⁹ J

                                 = 0.00508  × 10⁻¹⁷ J    

Into three significant figures = 5.08 × 10⁻²⁰

 or                                             5.08 e⁻²⁰.

The threshold wavelength is the most wavelength that the incident radiation should have so that the photoelectric effect takes region. The painting's characteristic is defined as the minimal electricity had to take away an electron from the strong to a degree in vacuum immediately outdoors the surface of the stable.

The threshold frequency is defined because the minimum frequency of incident radiation underneath which the photoelectric emission is not feasible absolutely. regardless of the depth of incident radiation.

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Ionization energies provide evidence for the quantization of the energies of electrons by taking a specific amount of energy to remove exactly one electron from an atom.

Quantization of energy:

An electron can radiate or absorb energy as radiations only in limited amounts or bundles called quanta. This is known as quantization energy

The formula for quantization of energy:

E = hf

E = energy

f frequency

h = plank's constant

As we know the motion of the electron in the hydrogen atom is not free. The electron is bound to the atom by the attractive force of the nucleus and consequently, quantum mechanics predicts that the total energy of the electron is quantized. There is an approximate amount of energy that is needed to overcome the attractive force between the electrons and the nucleus.

If less than the required ionization energy then the electrons can not be removed.

Therefore Ionization energies provide evidence for the quantization of the energies of electrons by taking a specific amount of energy to remove exactly one electron from an atom.

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Answer:

The rock helps smother unwanted plant growth, but some stubborn weeds find a way to thrive. Weed prevention starts before you put the rocks down and continues with regular maintenance to stop a large-scale weed invasion.

Explanation:

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Majority of lithium atoms on earth are positively charged.

3 protons and 3 electrons respectively, make up a lithium atom. It might become an ion if one of its electrons is lost. It now has a net positive charge since there are more positive protons than negative electrons. It is a positive ion as a result.

An atom of the chemical element lithium is known as a lithium atom. Three electrons connected by the electromagnetic force to a nucleus with three protons and either three or four neutrons, depending on the isotope, are what make up stable lithium. The nucleus is held together by  strong force.

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Answer:

q = mC∆T

m = mass = 25 ml CaCl2 + 25 ml KF = 50 ml x 1.00 g/ml = 50 g

C = 4.184 J/g-deg

∆T = 1.7 deg

q = (50 g)(4.184 J/g-deg)(1.7 deg) = 355.6 J

Looking at the chemical reaction: CaCl2(aq) + 2KF(aq) ==> CaF2(s) + 2KCl(aq)

moles CaCl2 present = 0.025 L x 1.00 mol/L = 0.025 mol CaCl2

moles KF = 0.025 L x 2.00 mol/L = 0.05 mol KF

Neither reactant is limiting as they are both present in stoichiometric quantities. Thus, moles CaF2 formed will be 0.025 moles CaF2 formed.

∆Hppt = 355.6 J/0.025 moles = 14,224 J/mole = 14.2 kJ/mole

Conduction is the process through which heat is transferred from an object's hotter end to its cooler end. A hotter body naturally transfers heat to a cooler body.

Convection is single- or multiphase fluid flow that develops on its own as a result of the interaction between a fluid's body forces—most frequently gravity and density—and material property heterogeneity.

Thermal radiation is electromagnetic energy released when matter particles move thermally. When heat from the movement of charges in the material is converted to electromagnetic radiation, thermal radiation is produced. Thermal radiation is emitted by all matter that has a temperature higher than absolute zero.

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The frequency of the wave is found to be 7.05×10¹⁴hertz.

The relation between speed of light, frequency and wavelength is given by,

C= fλ

f=c/λ

f= 3×10⁸/425×10⁻⁹

f=7.05×10¹⁴.

Thus, the frequency of the wave is found to be 7.05×10¹⁴ hertz.

The number of waves that pass a specific place in a given period of time is known as the wave frequency. The hertz (Hz) is the SI unit for wave frequency, and 1 hertz is equivalent to 1 wave crossing a fixed point in 1 second. A wave with a higher frequency has more energy than a wave with a lower frequency of the same amplitude.

A wave’s wavelength is the separation between two adjacent waves’ corresponding points. The Greek letter lambda () is typically used to represent a wave’s length. Wavelength is defined as the product of a wave train’s frequency (f) and speed (v) in a medium.

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The odd one in the first group is hydrogen because all other elements are noble gases. The odd one in the second group is lithium since other elements are gases.

Groups are vertical columns containing elements of similar properties and same valency. The first two groups are metals and most of the p-block elements such as nitrogen, oxygen etc. are gases.

In the first series, except hydrogen all other elements are noble gases and belongs to the same group and in the second series except lithium all other element are gases.

Hence the odd one in first series is hydrogen and in the second series is lithium.

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Oxygen forms two bonds and the configuration is 1s₂ 2s₂ 2p₄, Phosphorus forms three bonds and the configuration is [Ne]3s₂ 3p₃, and Galium forms four bonds and the configuration is [Ar] 3d₁₀ 4s₂ 4p₁

Therefore,

Oxygen forms two bonds and the configuration is 1s₂ 2s₂ 2p₄

Phosphorus forms three bonds and the configuration is [Ne]3s₂ 3p₃

Galium forms four bonds and the configuration is [Ar] 3d₁₀ 4s₂ 4p₁

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If you choose the first value of R, which is 0.082057 L atm mol-1K-1, then your units for pressure, volume, and temperature must all be in atm, liters, and Kelvin respectively.

What is gas constant?
The physical constant known as the gas constant (abbreviated R) is measured in terms of units of energy per degree increase in temperature per mole. Other names for it include the universal gas constant, the ideal gas constant, and the molar gas constant.

The gas constant is the same as the Boltzmann constant in terms of value, but it is stated as the pressure-volume product rather than energy per particle per degree of temperature increase.

Hence, the value of gas constant is  0.082057 L atm mol-1K-1,.

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The percent yield of the reaction is 81.95%.

The reaction of lithium sulfate with barium nitrate results to the precipitation of barium sulfate. The reaction is given below.

Li₂SO₄ + Ba(NO₃)₂ ⇒ BaSO₄ + 2 LiNO₃

Convert the mass of lithium sulfate used in the reaction to moles.

moles = mass/MM

moles = 25.0 g / 109.94 g/mol

moles = 0.2273967619

If 0.2273967619 moles lithium sulfate reacts with excess barium nitrate, then, theoretically, it will produce 0.2273967619 moles barium sulfate.

Convert the theoretical moles of barium sulfate to mass.

theoretical mass = MM(moles)

theoretical mass = 233.43 g/mol (0.2273967619 moles)

theoretical mass = 53.08122612 g

If the actual mass of the product is 43.5 g, solve the percent yield using the equation below.

percent yield = (actual/theoretical) x 100

percent yield = 43.5 g/53.08122612 g

percent yield = 81.95%

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A separation process is a method that divides a mixture or solution of chemical compounds into two or more different product mixtures. It is a scientific approach of separating two or more substances in order to achieve purity.

How are chemical brews divided?

Mixtures can be separated using a variety of techniques. Chromatography on a solid medium necessitates solvent separation. Distillation involves the use of several boiling points. Evaporation removes a liquid from a solution, leaving a solid behind.

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Answer:Mirrors

Explanation:

You can increase the thermal energy of a substance by heating it. When you apply heat, you are transferring energy from one source to another.

The state of matter of a substance is an extrinsic property, which means that its surroundings can alter it. The state of matter is influenced by physical factors like pressure and temperature. A substance’s temperature rises when thermal energy is applied, changing the substance’s state from solid to liquid (melting), liquid to gas (vaporization), or solid to gas (sublimation).

Sublimation is defined as the property of a substance when it directly converts to a gaseous state from a solid state. Condensation can occur when a substance is subjected to increasing pressure. It may evaporate as a result of a decrease in pressure. Decreased pressure can also cause some forms of rock to melt.

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Answer:

Chlorophyll.

Explanation:

Chlorophyll is also why plants are green.

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Chloroplasts are the food producers of the cell. The organelles are only found in plant cells and some protists such as algae. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts. Chloroplasts work to convert light energy of the Sun into sugars that can be used by cells.

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Distillation would be used to separate the mixture of two liquids having boiling points of  45°C and 86°C.

Separating the component substances from a liquid mixture by evaporation and condensation is called as distillation. It is one of the most common techniques for the purification and identification of organic liquids.

Distillation is used for separating a mixture of miscible liquids into its components and when the difference in the boiling points of the liquid is more than 20-25 degree Celsius. It is a physical process as it involves phase change from liquid to gas.

Following are the steps involved in distillation:

1. Converting desired liquid from a mixture into vapor.

2. Condensing the liquid that is purified.

3. Finally, collecting the condensed liquid

There are four types of distillation namely, Fractional, simple, Vacuum and Steam Distillation.

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The correct order for the kinetic energy of the drinks is hot chocolate, juice, milk, and water at their respective temperature ie. option b.

What is kinetic energy?

The energy that a body has because it is moving is called kinetic energy.

The kinetic energy is directly related to the temperature. Therefore, the temperature means more kinetic energy.

Since the hot chocolate has the highest temperature followed by juice and then milk and water.

Hence, the correct answer is option b

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The precipitate is iron(II) carbonate based on the solubility of all possible cation and anion combinations and based on its molar mass, 11.6g of it will precipitate.

All the potassium salts and sodium salts except sodium bicarbonate are soluble in water, therefore the precipitate is the iron(II) salt. Iron(II) bromide is soluble in water, on the other hand, iron(II) carbonate is not water-soluble. Therefore iron(II) carbonate will precipitate.

According to the given data, we have;

0.100 L × 1.5 M = 0.15 moles of carbonate ions

0.100 L × 10. M = 0.1 moles of iron(II) ions

As they react in a 1:1 ratio, there is an excess of the carbonate ions and 0.1 moles of Iron(II) will precipitate.

Now by using the molar mass, the mass of the precipitate can be calculated as follows;

M = (56 + 12 + 3 × 16) g/mol

M = 116 g/mol

n = m ÷ M

m = M × n

m = 116 g/mol × 0.1 mole

m = 11.6 g

Therefore, iron(II) carbonate is the precipitate and the mass of this insoluble product is calculated to be 11.6 g.

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Answer:

reactants. product

Al(1) Al(1)

Cl(2) Cl(3)

2Al+3Cl2 ---> 2AlCl3

reactants. product

Al(2) Al(2)

Cl(6) Cl(6)

In a balanced chemical equation, the mass and the charge are both equal. Here the balanced equation is 2Al+3Cl₂ → 2AlCl₃. Here the number of Al and Cl on both sides of the equation are equal.

A balanced chemical equation, in which the masses of the reactants and products are equal, contains the same amount of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. In other words, both sides of the reaction have an equal balance of mass and charge.

Making both sides of the reaction, the reactants and the products, equal in the number of atoms per element is the ultimate goal of balancing chemical equations.

In order to balance the equation, Al+Cl₂ → AlCl₃, multiply 'Al' and 'AlCl₃' by 2 and Cl₂ by 3. So that the number of 'Al' atoms becomes 2 and 'Cl' atoms becomes 6.

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