Answer:
1. It will create inconsistencies with convention rights – leading to more cases going to Strasbourg
The bill removes the requirement for courts to consider how rights have been interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) when reaching a decision.
The government states that this is necessary for courts to be able to give greater weight to national law and the national context.
However, evidence shows they already give great weight to this and do not treat ECtHR jurisprudence as binding.
If UK courts do not even consider how convention rights are developing in other countries, our human rights laws could become not only inconsistent with those in the rest of Europe, but also less clear and transparent.
As well as placing people in the UK at a disadvantage compared with their European counterparts, this would cause difficulties for those that operate across borders such as businesses – ultimately harming our national competitiveness.
To what extent will the bill of rights ‘bring decisions back’ to the UK?
Many of the changes will leave UK courts unable to play their usual role in addressing incompatibilities between UK law and the convention.
This makes it almost inevitable that more cases will therefore have to go to the ECtHR.
This is the opposite of the government’s intention. It would also be more expensive for all parties and could result in damage to the UK’s international reputation.
2. It creates delays and limits the role of the courts in protecting rights
One of the most significant changes made is the removal of the section 3 HRA requirement for courts to interpret legislation compatibly with convention rights.
Section 3 is one of the core parts of the HRA framework.
It has played a significant role in ensuring that laws are applied in a way that is compatible with human rights in the first place and that courts can resolve issues quickly when they do arise.
Without it, courts will be forced to issue more declarations of incompatibility, which refers the matter back to government and parliament to resolve through legislation.
This will increase burdens on parliamentary time making long delays likely, during which the violation of rights would be ongoing.
What happens to existing judgments?
There is also a question over what happens to the existing judgments courts have made using section 3, as one reading of the bill suggests these will all cease to have legal force overnight.
The more likely interpretation is that they will still be applicable for now, but will be vulnerable to being overturned in future cases.
Either way, there will be a lot of confusion for courts, solicitors and everyone who comes into contact with human rights law about whether, or how far, these judgments will apply.
The secretary of state’s discretion
There is also a power created for the secretary of state to ‘save’ the effect of some of the existing section 3 judgments – but this gives them a broad and perhaps unprecedented discretion over rights issues.
It would make a minister (rather than parliament) the sole determiner of which protections should be kept.
3. It will prevent courts from ordering the government to take positive steps to protect rights
All human rights contain two types of obligations that public bodies (including governments) must comply with:
‘negative’ obligations, which require them to respect or refrain from violating rights, and
‘positive’ obligations, which require them to take steps to fulfil a right
Positive obligations have been important in raising human rights standards and ensuring those that have been failed by public bodies can access justice.
They’ve been used to secure improvements in areas such as:
violence against women and girls
disability services
investigations of deaths in state custody
modern slavery
However, the bill would prevent courts from imposing any new positive obligations on a public body – leaving us with only half the protections for human rights that other countries who are signed up to the convention have.
This again would likely see more people having to go to the ECtHR to protect their rights.
4. It adds an extra hurdle to human rights cases – making it harder to access justice
The bill will introduce an additional permission stage for human rights cases.
This risks:
preventing people from enforcing their rights
blocking the constitutional role of the courts in upholding these, and
significantly reducing government accountability
The government says this measure is supposed to preserve parliamentary sovereignty, but we do not believe this has been shown to be necessary.
Judges are experts in applying the law to the facts of individual cases in an impartial way, and the evidence shows that they are careful to respect the democratic legitimacy of parliament.
That is only a few reasons I hope this helps! Please vote for Brainliest!
what defensive properties does the California master plan have?
1. Explain a continuity of the process of state-building in the Americas
before the Spanish arrived.
How do we know what happened to Ibn Battuta on his journey?
Answer:
He was attacked by bandits, almost drowned in a sinking ship, and nearly beheaded by a tyrant ruler. He also had a few marriages and lovers and fathered several children on his travels!
Unlike political parties, interest groups
Unlike political parties, interest groups don't primarily work to elect representatives who identify with a certain party or to directly influence how the government is run.
In the United States, political parties are typically significantly larger coalitions that represent a sizable fraction of the populace. The Democratic and Republican Parties in the American two-party system cast relatively wide nets to try to capture significant portions of the populace. Although they do it in diverse ways, political parties and interest groups collaborate and strive for influence. Although participation in interest groups frequently crosses party boundaries, many interests are seen as being more favorable to one party than the other.
However, political parties and interest groups do frequently compete with one another for influence. At the state level, we frequently see an inverse power relationship between them. In states where political parties are relatively weaker, interest groups tend to have more impact.
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Who held the belief of predestination and what kind of lives did the followers of this belief live?
The person that held the belief of predestination is John Calvin and the kind of lives the followers of this belief live is that
What is belief of predestination?The belief of predestination can be described as the doctrine that all explain that all the things as well as the event that is occurring in the world has been ordained and have been wiled by God.
This can be traced to the christian ideology, and this made us to understand that the God is the author as well as the finisher of the whole things that is happening in this world.
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Why do you think Britain
surrendered?
Answer:
I think that at that moment it would be reasonable to stop the war because Britain was running out of an army, and without weapons, she offered peace, and as for me it is very logical, because it was the only move
Explanation:
si have a.night!
4. MAKING INFERENCES
Thinking as a historian, what
inference might you make from
analyzing the tools Paleolithic d
people made? Support your H
inference with evidence from o
the lesson.
( three short sentences max pls and thank you )
Paleolithic humans fashioned tools from stone, wood, and bone, particularly that of deer. Stone tools were first used by Australopithecus, an early paleolithic hominid.
Old Stone Age inhabitants developed movable dwellings rather than permanent ones due to their wandering lifestyle. People traveled in tiny groups ; we speculate that these groupings may have included members of the same extended family. Hunting and collecting were the two methods used by ancient Stone Age people to obtain sustenance.
What is Paleolithic ?The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic, often known as the Old Stone Age, is a prehistoric era that accounts for 99% of the development of human technology. It is marked by the invention of stone tools.
Paleolithic cultures created increasingly intricate tools and other items out of stone and organic materials. Some of the Paleolithic era's most significant inventions included language, art, science, and spirituality.The Lower Paleolithic (40,000–10,000 BC) and the Upper Paleolithic periods make up the Paleolithic Period (40,000–8000 BC).Small sculptures were also created during the Paleolithic Period, including carved stone statuettes of women, clay animal figurines, and other bone and ivory carvings, as well as paintings, engraved patterns, and reliefs on cave walls.To know more about Paleolithic please click here : https://brainly.com/question/540822
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What constitutional amendment gives the states freedoms and control
Answer: the first amendment gives us freedom
Explanation:
the first amendment gives freedom of religion and speech
Answer:
9th amendment
Explanation:
The ninth amendment gives power to the states. I think of it as "Power to the States!" and I imagine a little fist pump in the air. I don't know why, but it works for me.
Lesson 2 Assessment
2. For each key term or person in the lesson, write a sentence explaining its significance.
George III spent 60 years trying to create his own reign.
Newspapers and pamphlets were subject to levies under the Stamp Act of 1765.
George Washington was a landowner and general in Virginia.
Virginian Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.
According to the concept of popular sovereignty, the people hold all political power.
At Yorktown, Virginia, Washington coerced a British army to submit.
The war was put to an end by the Treaty of Paris, and Britain recognized American independence.
In order to revise the new constitution's articles, George Washington, James Madison, and Benjamin Franklin got together in secret during the summer of 1787.
The Constitution established a federal republic by dividing authority between the federal or national government and the states.
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50 points to answer!!
Explain how the basic premises of liberal constitutionalism and democracy are joined in the Declaration of
Independence
The basic premises of liberal constitutionalism and democracy are joined in the Declaration of Independence as rights include life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; and that all people are endowed with certain unalienable rights by their Creator.
The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution are key texts that lay the philosophical groundwork for American democracy. The Declaration of Independence serves as a basis for the principle of popular sovereignty, which holds that the people elect representatives to represent them in government and that the government exists to serve those people.
The US Constitution lays down the framework for the country's political system, which aims to strike a balance between individual freedom and the needs of the public. The Declaration of Independence's main objectives were to herald the birth of a new nation, motivate the troops, and win supporters abroad. The major goal of the Declaration, which is to defend the colonists' right to revolt, is stated in the opening phrase. Our Declaration expresses these truths with the clarity of a legal brief.
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Unlike the middle colonies, the New England colonies:
A. Did not usually rely on enslaved people for labor
B. Were settled mostly by English puritans
C. Had governments based on religious ideas
D. Let settlers freely practice their own religions
Are these letters credible/accurate/trustworthy??? help please
This letter is said to be credible as it provides complete information about the sources.
What defines the credibility of any source?The credibility of any source is defined by the information associated with it. If any Information is written by A scholarly author in a reputed platform where the date of publication is mentioned is said to be credible information.
Credible information varifies the occurrence of the events by giving evidence and proof about the event. In the given letter name of the author, along with the date of publication and location is given which identifies its credibility.
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The 1935 Social Security Act paid retirees a stipend based on
the size of their bank accounts.
the size of their economic needs.
the amount of time dedicated to one job.
the amount contributed to the fund while working.
Out of the choices provided above, it can be stated that the 1935 Social Security Act paid retirees a stipend based on the amount contributed to the fund while working. Therefore, the option D holds true.
What is the significance of the Social Security Act?The Social Security Act came into enforcement into the American Constitution in the year 1935. It was passed to regulate the matters related to payment of stipend to the retired employees in the country.
The only single criteria for the amount of payments made towards the stipend for the retired people under the Social Security Act was based upon the amount that they had contributed to their individual retirement funds while they were under employment.
Therefore, the option D holds true and states regarding the significance of the Social Security Act of 1935.
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Answer:
The answer is D.
Explanation:
What was one reason that the cattle kingdom came to an end?
A combination of factors brought an end to the cattle kingdom in the 1880s. The profitability of the industry encouraged ranchers to increase the size of their herds, which led to both overgrazing (the range could not support the number of cattle) and overproduction.
(What was tragic about life in Lenin's Russia?
The government of Lenin nationalized banks and large-scale industry in addition to redistributing land among the peasantry. By agreeing to a treaty that ceded territory to the Central Powers, it withdrew from the First World War while advancing global revolution through the Communist International.
Lenin was who?
The Bolshevik Party's leader and Russian communist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924) gained notoriety during the 1917 Russian Revolution, one of the most explosive political events of the 20th century.
The brutal Romanov dynasty and centuries of Russian imperial rule came to an end with the bloody uprising. Lenin became the leader of the Soviet Union, the first communist state in history when the Bolsheviks later evolved into the Communist Party. In August 1914, Russia joined World War I in order to aid the Serbs and their French and British allies. Imperial Russia could not have competed militarily with a modern, industrialized Germany.
Russian involvement in the war was disastrous; the vast country soon experienced food and fuel shortages, and Russian casualties were higher than those suffered by any other nation.
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Why was the universal declaration of human rights was created?
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was declared as a response to the "barbarous acts that outraged the conscience of mankind" during World War II.
Human rights were recognized as the foundation for freedom, justice, and peace when it was adopted. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a document that protects the rights of every person, everywhere. It serves as a global road map for freedom and equality.
For the first time, nations came to an agreement on the rights and freedoms that should be protected by everyone so that everyone can live their lives in freedom, equality, and dignity. A drafting committee comprised of representatives from a wide range of nations, including the United States, Lebanon, and China, began work on the UDHR in 1946.
The document was able to benefit from contributions from states from all regions and their diverse religious, political, and cultural contexts when the drafting committee was later expanded to include representatives of Australia, Chile, France, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom.
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Plxx answer fast
Image of two maps side by side. The map on the left is a map of North America showing different cultural regions. In the south is Mesoamerica. Above Mesoamerica is the Southwest. Along the Pacific Coast is the Pacific Northwest. Beside the Pacific Northwest and in the center of what is now the United States are the Great Plains, Great Basin, and Plateau. On the eastern side of the continent is the Eastern Woodlands. In the north are the Subarctic and the Arctic. The map on the right is a political map of the United States labeling each of the 50 states. Canada is shown to the north, and Mexico to the south.
Public Domain © Maps 101, United States. 2021
According to these maps, the Southwest Native American cultural region was located in the United States and what other North American country?
Mexico
Canada
South America
Caribbean
Answer:
Mexico
Explanation:
In America there is North and south, so the natives still lived in mexico.
1. According to Jackson, who owns three-quarters of the national bank?
2. Who chooses the directors of the national bank?
3. What does Jackson say “is to be regretted”?
According to Andrew Jackson the owners of the three quarters of the bank are foreigners.
The people that choose the directors of the bank from this speech are the government and the citizens that own stocks.
What is to be regretted is that the rich people have the powers to bend the laws of the government to serve their interests.
What is the summary of the excerpt?In the excerpt Andrew Jackson is talking about the ways that the second national bank was creating issues.
The excerpt talks about the fact that he said the bank was being controlled by a selfish few in the nation and this was what led him to cause the downfall of the bank.
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Why were river valleys where agriculture usually began?
rivers provided easy transportation
rivers gave fertile soil
valleys had high elevations
valleys had good climates
Answer: rivers gave fertile soil
Explanation: they need water to live
what was the final motive behind the federalist including the bill of rights?
help pls
Answer:
to ensure adoption of the Constitution, the Federalists promised to add amendments specifically protecting individual liberties (Federalists such as James Madison ultimately agreed to support a bill of rights largely to head off the possibility of a second convention that might undo the work of the first).
Explanation:
lmk if this isnt much help :)
do you think the effect of the Spanish American war were beneficial or detrimental to the United states?
Answer:
the effect of Spanish American war were beneficial to US. the war resulted in the US becoming worldwide economic power , able to extend its commercial reach while under naval protection . the US emerged from the war as a world power , with control of Cuba ,Puerto Rico and Guam
so that's why the war was beneficial for US
Robert M. La Follette, a successful banker and industrialist, became secretary of the treasury under president Harding
true or false
Answer: No he was not Secretary of
Explanation: He was it needed to the skate bar association the same year he won election as the district attorney which started his career in politics. Being in 1984 he won the election to the House of Representatives becoming the youngest member of the subsequent 49th Congress. He's political disease where broadened in line with those of Northern Republicans he eventually lost his seat. After that he became a US Senator.
Why is this document significant?
Answer:
it help us keep records
Explanation:
like most artifact we find now if they where not recorded or documented we would never have known them
what part of your life do you think should not be the business of government? why?
Answer:
having kids, I think having kids in the hospital should be less expensive, yet having a baby the hospital charges a lot way to much.
HEEEELPPPPPPPPPPPP
ill give brainiest
Answer:
1. a
2. b
3. b
4. b
5. d
6. b
Explanation:
Answer:
1.c
2.b
3.b
4.b
5.d
6.b
Explanation: hope this helps:)
Comparing Use your notes to write a paragraph identifying the three major schools of thought in ancient China . What do these schools have in common ?
These schools have in common all humans are inherently wicked. The aim of these teachings is to identify and establish a well-ordered community.
What is ancient China most known for?Education was highly valued in the Chinese monarchy, and the arts—particularly music and painting—grew and prospered. Great scientists also existed among the Ancient Chinese. They were centuries ahead of the rest of the world in the development of cast iron and gunpowder.
Briefing:Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism are the three primary schools of thought in China. According to Confucianism, people should uphold moral principles and carry out their obligations, which include striving to improve human life on earth and adhering to the five permanent relationships of parent and child, spouse and spouse, elder brother and younger sister, older friend and younger friend, and ruler and subject. According to Taoism, the will is followed by inaction rather than action. Legalism contends that severe regulations are necessary for people to obey rulers' interests because all humans are inherently wicked. The aim of these teachings is to identify and establish a well-ordered community.
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He hot line established in 1963 did all of the following except (3 points) a. link the white house and the kremlin. b. make communication in a crisis easier. c. ease cold war tensions. d. barred nuclear testing
With the exception of banning nuclear testing, the Hotline, formed in 1963, did all of the following. As a result, Option (D) is the appropriate response.
What is the hotline that was established in 1963?
John F. Kennedy receives a direct phone line to the Kremlin in Moscow for the first time on August 30, 1963. The "hotline" was created to make it easier for the president and Soviet premier to communicate.
Following the October 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, in which the United States and the USSR came perilously near a nuclear conflict, the Kremlin hotline was established.
The new hotline will "help decrease the likelihood of war occurring by mistake or miscalculation," the White House said in a statement on August 30.
Hence, Option (D) is the correct answer.
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What is one way us reservation policy was harmful to indigenous peoples? reservations deprived them of resources. reservations were too large to maintain control over the land. indigenous peoples were not used to living in communities. indigenous peoples were used to working in factories.
"The one way in which U.S. Reservation Policy was harmful to indigenous people is that a. reservations deprived them of resources."
"Under the reservation policy, American Indians hold their citizenship in their respective tribes, but life was more tough than it had been. The reservations were made to encourage the Indians to live within clearly stated areas. They swore to provide food, goods and money and to secure them from invasion by other tribes and white settlers. Although, indigenous people found themselves being restricted to reservations. Even the Indian Territory was not secured from white settlers. Some of these territories were opened up to white settlement. Many of the tribes living on these territories ceased on much narrowed reservations. The tribes fought with each other for limited resources."
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Answer: Many Indigenous people living on reservations died of starvation.
Explanation: hope it helps
Explain some of the difficulties experienced by African American families during the years of Reconstruction. (Describe at least two in your response.)use the book born for liberty chapter 6 and have it college level
Following the Civil War, newly liberated African Americans faced enormous hurdles in establishing their own families, farming their own lands, establishing community institutions and churches, and pursuing equal justice under the law in the midst of racial violence. See further explanation below.
How did African Americans Fare during the Reconstruction Period?During the Reconstruction period, African Americans in former slave states considered education as a critical step toward equality, independence, and wealth. As a consequence, they discovered methods to study despite the numerous roadblocks placed in their path by poverty and white people.
In 1866, Radical Republicans won the election and established the Freedmen's Bureau, which supplied food, clothes, and works contract counseling to freed slaves. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were passed during Reconstruction in an effort to attain equality for blacks.
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Please help?? 50 points to answer
What is classical republicanism? To what extent do you see its values reflected in American society today?
Answer: Republicanism is defined as a political theory that states that a government should preserve the rights of its citizens. Modern republicanism is much different than classical republicanism. One of the most significant individuals that influenced changes to republican theory is John Locke. As time went on, events, individuals and movements continued to alter the nature of republicanism until it accepted an increasing amount of the population as valid citizens of a government.
The main characteristics of republicanism in general are:
Acknowledgment of the citizenship of a certain type of person: While original, classical republicanism only accepted the citizenship of property-owning, educated white males, modern republicanism accepts a much broader swath of people as citizens. Ideally, all individuals living in a state will be considered citizens.
- Preservation of the natural rights of a government's citizens
- All citizens of a state are considered equal in the perspective of the - - - laws of that state.
- Citizens are expected to recognize and not infringe upon the rights of other citizens.
- Supreme government authority resides in the voice of the people.