You have been studying the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D in mammalian cells. To look at the localization of the enzyme, you incorporate 32 P into the cells over a long period of time and collect fractions of the cell lysate corresponding to various organelles. Much to your surprise, you find cathepsin D was isolated in the ER fraction, and it contains 32 positive sugar side chains. However, when you pass this enzyme through an affinity chromatography column containing mannose-6-phosphate receptor conjugated to resin, the enzyme passes straight through. However, your cousin calls you up and tell you that she modified your cell line. She claims that she deleted your endogenous cathepsin D gene and transfected a plasmid containing a cathepsin D gene with a Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) sequence on the C-terminus.a) Why is the lysosomal enzyme found in the ER fraction rather than in the lysosomal fraction?b) Explain why the modified enzyme does not bind to the mannose-6-phosphate receptor.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

1.

Cathepsin is involved in programmed cell death, it is a lysosomal enzyme and the reason it is found in the ER fraction instead of the lysosomal fraction is because of its c terminal KDEL sequence. this sequence ia a retrieval for protein and causes a backward movement of protein back to endoplasmic reticulum. that is why cathepsin seems to have localised in ER instead of the lysosomal fraction

2 It does not bind to mannose-6-phosohate receptor because this glycosylation process does not occur in the E.R but in Golgi bodies.  because of the KDEL sequence this glycosylation of cathepsin would not occur and cathepsin would go through affinity column without any form of  binding to receptor.If cathepsin can get to the Golgi then glycolysation with Mannose6phospate can occur.


Related Questions

What is a result of a mixture?

Answers

A mixture is defined as the result of combining two or more substances, such that each maintains its chemical identity. In other words, a chemical reaction does not occur between components of a mixture. Examples include combinations of salt and sand, sugar and water, and blood.

What are the three types of homologies and the definitions?

Answers

Answer:

hope this helps..

Explanation:

Dependent on the level of comparison four types of homology are defined: ( 1) Iterative ( = serial = homonomy), (2) ontogenetic, (3) di- or polymor- phic, and (4) supraspecific homology. ... Scientists have recently been paying renewed attention to the homology question.

Homology is the study of likeness, the similarity between species that results from inheritance of traits from a common ancestor. The study of similarities is broken up into three main categories: structural, developmental, and molecular homology.

the phosphate groups are the polar part of the phospholipid because they are:

Answers

A single phospholipid molecule has a phosphate group on one end, called the “head,” and two side-by-side chains of fatty acids that make up the lipid “tails. ” The phosphate group is negatively charged, making the head polar and hydrophilic, or “water loving.” The phosphate heads are thus attracted to the water ...

What do the pancreas, liver, salivary glands, and gall bladder have in common?
They are all involved in mechanical digestion.
They are all accessory structures.
They all digest carbohydrates.
They all release digestive enzymes.

Answers

Answer: They are all accessory structures.

Reason: They are not apart of the digestive tract.

The liver doesn't release digestive enzymes, it does make some though.

Mechanical Digestion breaking down the food into little pieces via the teeth and saliva .

Carbohydrates are digested not in any of these, but rather in the small intestine.

Answer:

b

Explanation:

They are all accessory structures.

9. All of the following statements about the scientific name for an organism are true EXCEPT
A. the genus name is listed first
B. the name is two words
C. the species name is listed second
D. the kingdom name is listed first

Answers

Answer:

D. the kingdom name is listed first

Explanation:

The genus name is listed first, not the kingdom name. The kingdom name isn't even is the scientific name.

5 natural causes of climate change

Answers

Answer:

The Greenhouse EffectPollutionFossil FuelsDeforestationVolcanic Activity

Explanation:

Hope this helps! <3

This might be the last one I don’t remember.
I will mark branliest if correct.

Answers

Answer:

Carries food from the mouth to the stomach.

Explanation:

The esophagus is the tube in which chewed food travels after you swallow. It is directly connected to the mouth and the stomach.

Answer:

carries food from mouth to stomach.

in any ecosystem, there are fewer carnivores than herbivores. why?​

Answers

Answer: There are more herbivores because all life depends on are primary producers

Ex; plants

Select the TWO correct statements below regarding the two
graphs above. Take your time to get both right so you get this 4
point question correct.
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
The graph on the left is called an
exponential curve.
The curve on the right is called a J-curve.
Time is plotted on the x-axis.
The graph on the right is the only
population growth model

Answers

Answer:

duofu9fhodits

Explanation:

dyidyiditcgksgztidulf96dhltizitxtisitxitsitst7dyid75figd7tydyixuofiy7d96dyidiydiydjgdiyd

will the heat stored in the blood’s plasma be able to escape easily?

Answers

No because it cannot escape easily

EXPLAIN Complete the statement by coloring, bolding, or highlighting the correct terms.

Before the reaction, there are two | four | eight | oxygen atoms, and after the reaction, there are (two | four | eight |) oxygen atoms. The same is true for hydrogen atoms. So, atoms are | are not created or destroyed. This supports | refutes the claim that matter is conserved during a chemical reaction.

Answers

Answer:Before the reaction, there are 4 oxygen atoms,and after the reaction, there are 4 oxygen atoms.The same is true for hydrogen atoms.So, atoms are not created or destroyed.This supports the claim that matter is conserved during a chemical reaction.

Explanation:

What is cancer? Explain what a doctor means when he or she says the cancer has
"metastasized." (Provide examples)

Answers

Answer:

Cancer is a disease that has abnormal cells, that begin to divide that then becomes uncontrollable and destroy the body tissue. When cancers has "metastasized" is when it spreads from one part of the body to another part of the body.

Explanation:

As an example, when cancer starts in the lung and then metastasized to the chest or to the rest of the body.

Which population is most likely to have exponential growth?
O A. The dust mites living in a sofa that is often used and never
cleaned
B. The angelfish living in a coral reef where there are many sharks
C. The mice living in a meadow with plenty of predators and limited
food
D. The foxes living in a forest where they compete with other animals
for food

Answers

Answer:

A. The dust mites living in a sofa that is often used and never cleaned

Explanation:

Without the sofa being cleaned, the dust mites will never experience any predation or die off from humans and harsh cleaning chemicals. This will enable the population to increase exponentially, as opposed to the other options where the organisms are at risk for ample predation and starvation.

Exponential growth refers to the growth of organisms in an environment having unlimited resources. The organism grows exponentially or in a geometric fashion.

The dust mites living on the sofa that is often used and never cleaned.

The population has high chances of exponential growth will be:

1. Exponential growth is seen in the environment or surroundings where the resources are plentiful, and the number of organisms is dependent on those resources.

2. The dust mites living in the sofa that has never been cleaned will show exponential growth. Since the sofa is never cleaned, the mites have never faced any elimination by chemicals. The population will increase exponentially.

3. The other options have chances of competition, starvation, and predation that will not lead to the exponential growth of organisms.

Thus, the correct answer is Option A.

To know more about exponential growth, refer to the following link:

https://brainly.com/question/1340582

An experiment was conducted to demonstrate the passage of glucose and starch across a selectively permeable membrane that allows monomers but not polymers to diffuse through.

Glucose and starch powders were mixed in 10 ml of water and poured into a cellulose bag, which was then sealed at both ends and placed in a beaker of water. After 30 minutes, the presence of glucose in the beaker was recorded with a testing paper, which turns green if glucose is present. The presence of starch was recorded by adding a few drops of iodine, which causes the solution to turn violet if starch is present.

A beaker filled with 100 milliliters of distilled water. A bag filled with 10 milliliters of water and a solution of 2 percent glucose and 2 percent starch is placed in the beaker of water.

Which statement best describes the expected result?

A) The testing paper will turn green and the solution will turn violet.
B) The testing paper will turn green and the solution will not turn violet.
C) The testing paper will not turn green and the solution will turn violet.
D) The testing paper will not turn green and the solution will not turn violet.

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

because if you read the first paragraph, the membrane will only allow monomers not polymers. glucose is a monomer and starch is a polymer. so the membrane will only take glucose and the color for glucose therefore the color is only green.

the phenomenal having lowest acidity is​

Answers

Answer: Alcohols are considered neutral with pKa values similar to water. In aqueous solutions, phenols are weakly acidic and lower the pH of a solution

Explanation:

Am giving branliest and extra point to who helps me answer question 21, 21, and 23!!!!

Answers

Answer:

it decreases for the first one. And for the second one too. B for the last one

Explanation:

Answer:

21: C

22: A

23: B

Explanation:

In a longitudinal wave, the parts where the coils are close together are called what.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is compressions.

Explanation:

A compression is a region in a longitudinal wave where the particles are closest together. Hope this helped :)

Answer: compressions

Hope this help :)

What does the cardiovascular system do?

carries hormones for the endocrine system
transports oxygen and carbon dioxide for the respiratory system
sends nerve impulses to the brain and spinal cord
carries nutrients for the digestive system
works with the immune system to fight infection

Answers

It’s could be the second one but I’m not sure sorry

Answer:

transports oxygen and carbon dioxide for the respiratory system

Explanation:

Ok here is the next one. The answer selected was just accidentally tapped so ignore it lol.

Answers

Answer:

hm, i believe it's d...but i'm not 100% sure lol

Explanation:

hope it helps!

Analogous structures have the _______ structure, ________ funtion.

Answers

Answer:

Analogous structures have the Different structure, same function.  

For example: wings of insects and birds

How are oxygen and nitrogen molecules different from the water molecules?

Answers

Answer:

i dont know it is correct or not. sorry if it is wrong

Explanation:

hey are completely different! An oxygen molecule consists of two oxygen atoms bonded to each other. They each have one unpaired electron, not used in the bonding. These unpaired electrons make the molecule diamagnetic. Water molecules have one ox...

oxygen and nitrogen molecule consists of two oxygen atoms bonded to each other and same nitrogen atoms are bonded of each other.

Water molecules have one oxygen atom in the center and two hydrogen atoms, one on each side.

what are the properties of water molecule ?

It has no taste, odor, or transparency, where the nucleus of the oxygen atom  attracts electrons strongly than the nuclei of the hydrogen atoms.

In water molecule oxygen is more electro negative and electron-greedy than hydrogen, results in the development of  a partial negative charge on the oxygen of the water and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen end.

Water shows strong cohesive property where the attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind is referred to as cohesion.

Surface tension is defined as  the tendency of  the surface to resist rupture when they are subjected to stress due to cohesive forces.

For more details regarding water, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/2602094

#SPJ6

In what organisms are cell walls from

Answers

cell walls form in plants, fungi and certain types of prokaryotes.

The loss of water through osmosis is known as___________.

Answers

Answer:

semipermeable membrane

Explanation:

comment if u need help or a better explanation etc

Plasmolysis cells lose water in hypertonic solutions

Crust is created at which type of plate boundary?

Answers

Answer:

At convergent boundaries

Explanation:

"continental crust is created and oceanic crust is destroyed as it subducts, melts, and becomes magma."

Hope this helps!!

If, somehow, the number of daylight hours did not change throughout the year, but Earth
was still tilted at 23.5°, would there still be seasons in the Northern and Southern
Hemispheres of Earth? Would the temperature difference between the seasons still be as
great? Explain your reasoning.

Answers

Answer:

There would still be seasons, because the intensity of light would still change throughout the year, due to the earth's tilt.

Explanation:

If, somehow, the number of daylight hours did not change throughout the year, but Earth  was still tilted at 23.5° then-

Yes, there would still be seasonsNo, the temperature difference between the seasons would not be as great

The tilt of the Earth's axis at 23.5° leads to the different parts of the Earth to gets a high or less amount of direct sunlight at different times of the year.

If there would be no tilt of the earth then there would be no seasons on Earth.If the number of daylight hours did not change then seasons still be there due to the intensity of light would still change throughout the year as the earth is still tilted. If the number of daylight hours did not change throughout the year then the temperature difference would not be as great due to less light in the daytime will not be able to heat enough and the Earth would not be heated for a longer time in summer.

Thus, the correct answer is -

Yes, there would still be seasonsNo, the temperature difference between the seasons would not be as great.

Learn more about the earth's tilt:

https://brainly.com/question/12025900

can someone explain what three of newton’s laws are and please give example? I am currently failing because of this subject

Answers

Answer:

Newton's First Law of Motion states that in order for the motion of an object to change, a force must act upon it. This...

Newton's Second Law of Motion defines the relationship between acceleration, force, and ​mass.

Newton's Third Law of Motion states that any time a force acts from one object to another, there is an equal force...

Explanation:

Which pair of organism represents a predator prey relationship

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

hawk and mouse

Answer:

Coyote and Rabbit. Coyote will eat the rabbit. (See more down below.)

Explanation:

Bear (Pred) will snatch up a fish (prey) out of a river. Bear and Fish.

Lion (Pred) eats a Zebra (prey) after a successful hunt. Lion and Zebra.

Killer Whale(Pred) catches up to seal (prey) and eats seal. Killer Whale and Seal.

A house cat (Pred) finds a mouse (prey). Cat and Mouse.

Sugar-based preserves, jams, and jellies were less likely to experience: O Mold O Bacterial growth O Both mold and bacteria O Spoilage​

Answers

Answer:

both mold and bacteria.

Explanation:

Answer: Bacterial Growth

Explanation: I know its probably like, super late but for anyone who needs the answer this is it!!

WHAT IS THIS PLEASE HELP!!!

Answers

Answer:

Carbon

Explanation:

Primer design is a critical step for the detection of a particular sequence in a sample. Which of the following would be true of primer design?

Answers

The group of choices is as follow:

A. RNA polymerase are added to the PCR mix to design random primers  

B. If detecting viral infection by PCR, the primers must not be complimentary (match) to regions of human DNA  

C. Pairs of primers must be designed, one to start amplification with Taq polymerase, the other to start amplification with human polymerase  

D. Primers are optional if you want to amplify all DNA within a sample

Answer:

The correct answer is - B. If detecting viral infection by PCR, the primers must be complementary to regions of human DNA.

Explanation:

Short, single-stranded segments of DNA sequences utilize in the real-time PCR or polymerase chain reaction technique are called primers. Primers used to hybridize the region of the segment needed to be amplified.

The human polymerase enzyme is not used in the PCR reaction and requires a 3'OH group to synthesize the DNA by amplification which is possible only in the presence of primers as they have a 3'OH.

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