you can increase thermal energy of a substance by heating it. hen you apply heat, you are ________ energy from the _____ source to the ________

The atomic radius of helium is 28 pm.

What is helium?

Helium is indeed an element in the periodic table with the atomic number 2 and the symbol He. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas and the first element in the periodic table's noble gas group. It has the lowest boiling and melting points of any element. It is the second most plentiful and second lightest element in the visible universe. Its abundance is comparable to that of the Sun and Jupiter due to helium-4's extremely high nuclear binding energy (per nucleon) in comparison to the next three elements after helium. This helium-4 binding energy is also responsible for its existence as a byproduct of both nuclear fusion and radioactive decay. Helium-4 is the most abundant element in the universe.

The atomic radius of helium is 28x10⁻¹² m.

The atomic radius of helium is 28x10⁻³ nm.

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Helium is an "Inert" gas .the atomic radius of helium in 3.1 × 10^-11 m and atomic radius of helium in7.559 × 10^-14nm.

The atom with the smallest radius is helium, as explained. The valence electrons are kept near to the nucleus because of the trends in the periodic table and the effective nuclear charge. Atomic radius decreases as you move up and down a group and left to right throughout a period.

The second most common element in the universe is helium, which is present everywhere. On Earth, though, it's considerably less typical. It must be extracted from natural gas wells and cannot be manufactured artificially.

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Frequency for red is  [tex]4.61\times 10^{14} s^{-1}[/tex].

wavelength for orange is  [tex]590\times 10^{-9} m[/tex] .

wavelength for green is [tex]510\times10^{-9} m[/tex].

frequency for blue is  [tex]6.31\times 10^{14} s^{-1}[/tex].

frequency for indigo is  [tex]6.74\times 10^{14} s^{-1}[/tex].

wavelength for violet is [tex]4\times 10^{-9}/m[/tex].

For red :  [tex]c = 3.00 x 10^{8} m/s[/tex]

               λ = [tex]650\times 10^{-9}[/tex]

              f = c/ λ

              f =  [tex]\frac{3.00\times 10^{8} }{650\times10^{-9} }[/tex]

             f = [tex]4.61\times 10^{14} s^{-1}[/tex]

For orange : [tex]c = 3.00 x 10^{8} m/s[/tex]

                     f = [tex]5..08\times 10^{14}/s[/tex]

                     λ =  [tex]\frac{c}{f}[/tex]

                    λ  = [tex]\frac{3.00\times 10^{8} }{5.08\times10^{14} }[/tex]

                    λ = [tex]590\times 10^{-9} m[/tex]

For green :  [tex]c = 3.00 x 10^{8} m/s[/tex]

                   λ =   [tex]5..88\times 10^{14}/s[/tex]

                   λ =  [tex]\frac{3.00\times 10^{8} }{5.88\times10^{14} }[/tex]

                   λ = [tex]510\times10^{-9} m[/tex]

For blue : [tex]c = 3.00 x 10^{8} m/s[/tex]

                 λ = [tex]475\times 10^{-9}/m[/tex]

                f = c/ λ

                f = [tex]\frac{3.00\times 10^{8} }{475\times10^{-9} }[/tex]

                f = [tex]6.31\times 10^{14} s^{-1}[/tex]

For indigo :  [tex]c = 3.00 x 10^{8} m/s[/tex]

                    λ = [tex]445\times 10^{-9}/m[/tex]

                      f = c/ λ

                      f = [tex]\frac{3.00\times 10^{8} }{445\times10^{-9} }[/tex]

                     f = [tex]6.74\times 10^{14} s^{-1}[/tex]

For violet : [tex]c = 3.00 x 10^{8} m/s[/tex]

                   f = [tex]750\times 10^{14} s^{-1}[/tex]

                   λ =  [tex]\frac{c}{f}[/tex]

                  λ = [tex]\frac{3.00\times 10^{8} }{750\times10^{14} }[/tex]

                  λ =  [tex]4\times 10^{-9}/m[/tex]

Wavelength can be defined as the distance between the crests or troughs of two successive waves. It is measured in the direction of the wave.

Wavelength is the distance  of a wave (which can be an electromagnetic wave, a sound wave or any other wave) from one crest to another or from one base to another. A crest is the highest point of a wave, while a trough is the lowest. Since wavelength is a distance/length, it is measured in units of length such as meters, centimetres, millimetres, nanometres, etc.

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The empirical formula of the unknown compound is C2H4O

Number of moles = mass / molar mass

------

molar mass of CO2 = 44 g/ mole

Moles of CO2 =6.99/44 = 0.152 moles

Since there is 1 mole of C in CO2  

so, no. of moles of C = 0.152moles

mass of C = 0.152x 12 = 1.824  g

-------

molar mass of H2O = 18 g/ mole

moles of H2O =2.86/18 = 0.158moles

Since there are 2 moles of H in H2O

so, no. of moles of H = 0.158x2 = 0.317  moles

mass of H = 0.317x1.0079 = 0.3202g

--------

Total mass of H and C = 0.3202+1.824   = 2.144g

mass of sample =  3.50 g

mass of O =  3.50 - 2.144= 1.356 g

moles of O=1.356/16= 0.08475 moles

molar ratio of C : H : O =1.824  : 0.3202 : 0.08475

smallest number  = 0.0847

Divide number of moles of C,H and O by the smallest number:

Molar ratio of C : H : O = 21.53 : 3.9 : 1.0

                                        = 2:4:1

Hence the Empirical formula is C2H4O

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If the pressure is increased from 1 atm to 10 atm maintaining the constant temperature of 0℃, Ice will change to liquid water

We know that, pressure is inversely proportional to volume. When pressure in a system increases, the volume would decrease or vice versa.

In the given scenario, the pressure is increased from 1 atm to 10 atm. As the pressure is increased, the volume would decrease.

At 0℃, the volume of ice is higher than the volume of water. The forward reaction is the formation of water which has lower volume from ice. Thus, increasing the pressure would cause the ice to melt and results in the formation of water in liquid state.

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Answer:

The Model T’s substance changed phase because the attraction of the molecules was able to overcome their slower movement. Its molecules now move in place.

Heat content is the characteristics that does not depend on the amount of the sample known as Intensive Property.

One wholly independent of a substance's or system's mass is said to possess an intensive property. Intensive properties include things like pressure (P) and heat content (T).

Intensive properties of matter are those that are independent of the size or quantity of the substance in any way. Heat content, color, melting and boiling points, and other characteristics are all intensive properties because they do not change as a function of size or quantity of matter.

Being an intensive property, the density of one litre of water or one hundred litres of water will remain constant.

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The organic solvent was not used directly to extract caffeine from tea because caffeine will sublimate if extracted directly with methylene chloride or ethyl acetate from tea; option C.

Solvents are substances in which other substances are dissolved.

Solvents are of two types;

Based on the principle of like dissolves like, organic solvents are used to dissolve organic materials. For example, caffeine will be more soluble in organic solvents than in inorganic solvents.

On the other hand, inorganic solvents are used to dissolve inorganic materials. For example, water will dissolve inorganic salts better.

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Based on the solubility of all the possible cation and anion combinations, the precipitate will be iron(II) carbonate. Based on its molar mass, 11.6 g of it will precipitate.

Generally, all the potassium salts and all the sodium salts (with the exception of sodium bicarbonate) are water soluble, so the precipitate must be the iron(II) salt. Iron(II) bromide is water soluble, but iron(II) carbonate isn't (only ammonium carbonate and alkaline carbonates display high solubility), so that's going to be precipitate.

We have 0.100 L * 1.5 M = 0.15 mol of carbonate ions and 0.100 L * 1.0 M = 0.1 mol of iron(II) ions, so because they react in a 1:1 ratio, we have an excess of carbonate ions and 0.1 mol of iron(II) will precipitate. Now we calculate the mass of the precipitate based on its molar mass:

M = (56 + 12 + 3 * 16) g/mol = 116 g/mol

n = m/M ⇒ m = n*M = 0.1 mol * 116 g/mol = 11.6 g

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Answer:

Explanation: it was said that work is done upon an object whenever a force acts upon it to cause it to be displaced. Work involves a force acting upon an object to cause a displacement. In all instances in which work is done, there is an object that supplies the force in order to do the work. If a World Civilization book is lifted to the top shelf of a student locker, then the student supplies the force to do the work on the book. If a plow is displaced across a field, then some form of farm equipment (usually a tractor or a horse) supplies the force to do the work on the plow. If a pitcher winds up and accelerates a baseball towards home plate, then the pitcher supplies the force to do the work on the baseball.

The first beaker will contain a single compound, while another beakers will contains mixture of components.

A mixture is defined as a composition made up of two or more chemical components that do not mix chemically.

It can also be defined as a substance formed by the combination of two or more separate substances that does not result in a chemical reaction.

There are two types of mixture.

Thus, the  first beaker will contain a single compound, while another beakers will contains mixture of components.

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The degree of unsaturation of [tex]C_{10}H_{12}O[/tex] is found to be 5.

Unsaturation is the insertion of a double or triple bond into a saturated molecule by the removal of hydrogen atoms. Unsaturation is achieved in any molecule by removing hydrogen atoms and generating double or triple bonds in the substance. Because hydrogen atoms are withdrawn during the creation of double bonds, the degree of unsaturation is also known as the index of hydrogen deficit. This might be due to the addition of atoms other than carbon and hydrogen, such as halogens or nitrogen, or it could simply be a shift in the hybridization of the carbon atoms. Understanding the structure and location of numerous bonds, particularly in long fatty acids, requires knowledge of the degree of unsaturation. Knowing the amount of carbons, hydrogen nitrogen, or halogens allows you to compute the degree of unsaturation. Even while it does not provide the individual number of rings, double bonds, or triple bonds, it does provide an overall indication of the degree of unsaturation in a compound.

Degree of Unsaturation (DoU) = ((2C + 2) – N – X – H)/2

DoU of [tex]C_{10}H_{12}O[/tex] = ((2 x 10 + 2) – 12) / 2

DoU = 10/2

DoU = 5

Therefore, the given compound has a degree of unsaturation of 5.

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If a bicycle pump contains 0.650 L of helium at 101 kpa. if the pump is closed, then the pressure is required to change the volume to 0.250 L is 262.6 kpa.

This can be calculated by using the boyle's law.

Boyle's law states that at constant temperature the pressure is directly proportional to the volume of the gas.

P1V1 = P2V2

Given,

P1 = 101 kpa

V1 = 0.650 L

V2 = 0.250 L

By substituting all the values, we get

101 × 0.650 = P2 × 0.250

P2 = 262.6 kpa

Thus, we concluded that If a bicycle pump contains 0.650 L of helium at 101 kpa. if the pump is closed, then the pressure is required to change the volume to 0.250 L is 262.6 kpa.

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The bond angles of each of the bonds are;

A - 107 degrees

B- 104.5 degrees

C- 120 degrees

D - 109.5 degrees

E - 120 degrees

We define the bond angle as the angle that exists between two atoms that have been bonded together. We must note that the bond angle depends on the nature of the bond between the atoms as well as the kind of the atoms that are bonded.

It should be noted that the presence of lone pairs on any of the atoms that is involved in the bond would tend to decrease the bond able of the bond.

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Answer:

Magnesium

Explanation:

To recognize what element this is, we can simply look at the last orbital (3s2) and go to the periodic table and see what element is in that final orbital.

We go to row 3 (because of the 3s orbital) and then we have 2 electrons in that orbital, meaning that our element in the configuration is Magnesium.

River water stored behind a dam is best described as a form of Potential Energy.

What is Potential energy?

Potential energy is refered to as energy that is stored – or conserved - in an object or substance. This stored energy is based on the position, arrangement or state of the object or substance. There are two types of potential energy namely:

The water or river behind a dam stores gravitational potential energy since it is at a higher level than the water on the other side of the dam.

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Answer:

The answer is

21.5 L

.

So, start with the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of hydrochloric acid

2

HCl

→

H

2

+

Cl

2

Notice that you have a

2:1

mole ratio between

HCl

and

Cl

2

, which means that every 2 moles of the former will produce 1 mole of the latter. The number of moles of

HCl

you have is.

Explanation:

I don't know if that is but I try my best just correct me if I'm wrong thank you!!

Answer: 13 same as proton number

Answer:

the atomic number is 13(proton number) while the mass number is 14

Alkyl chlorides and alkyl bromides are typically transformed into alkyl fluorides in the organic reaction known as the Swarts Reaction.

Swarts' reaction is normally used to get alkyl fluorides from alkyl chlorides or alkyl bromides. that is done with the aid of heating of the alkyl chloride/bromide in the presence of the fluoride of some heavy metals.

The partial fluorination of nonpolar natural polyhalides with antimony trifluoride within the presence of antimony pentachloride or chlorine is normally known as the Swarts response and the combination of antimony trifluoride and chlorine (SbF3 + Cl2) is known as the Swarts reagent.

Swarts reaction converts Alkyl chlorides or alkyl bromides Alkyl fluorides. Reacts may be primary halides, secondary halides, alkyl halides and benzyl halides, however does not occur for tertiary reactions, vinyl and aryl halides.

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The trend which depicts the reactivity of most nonmetals show in a periodic table, excluding the noble gases is that increases from left to right across the periodic table and is denoted as option C.

This is referred to as the tabular arrangement of elements into groups and periods according to their similar features such as reactivity, conductivity, valence electrons etc.

In the table, the reactivity of most nonmetals such as nitrogen decreases top down within groups and increases from left to right across period which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the most appropriate choice.

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Answer:

its B! :)

Explanation:

c was not true ❕

Assuming the dielectric constant of butyl acetate and ethyl acetate is near equal, the intermolecular force which is primarily responsible for the higher equilibrium vapor pressure of ethyl acetate is Induced dipole-induced dipole.

An Induced dipole-induced dipole or Dipole-Induced Dipole Force is a type of force that is generated by a polar molecule in a non-polar atom or a non-polar molecule or between asymmetric molecules.

It is a weak attraction that is caused by the disturbance of electron arrangement when a polar species approaches a  non-polar species.

In general, these forces are known as London dispersion forces.

For example, these forces are present in Helium due to the uneven distribution of electrons.

Similarly, in the dielectric constant of butyl acetate and ethyl acetate is near equal, then Induced dipole-induced dipole will be responsible for higher equilibrium vapor pressure.

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The charge on the atoms of the elements when they gain or lose electrons to have 8 valence electrons is:

Valence electrons are the electrons found in the outermost electron shells of an atom.
According to the octet rule, atoms will gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable octet configuration.

Considering the given elements:

Hydrogen will lose one electron to become H⁺

Beryllium will lose two electrons to become Be²⁺

Boron will lose three electrons to become B³⁺

Carbon will gain four electrons to become C⁴⁻

Nitrogen will gain three electrons to become N³⁻

Oxygen will gain two electrons to become O²⁻

Fluorine will gain one electron to become F⁻

Neon will neither gain nor lose electrons as it is stable as Ne⁰.

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If one electron is removed from sodium during a reaction energy level becomes the valence shell is outermost shell

Electrons are the smallest of the particles that make up an atom, and they carry a negative charge a neutral sodium atom is likely to achieve an octet in its outermost shell by loosing its one valence electron the cation produce in this way is Na⁺ is called as sodium ion distinguish it from element and the outermost shell of sodium ion is the second electron shell which has eight electrons in it

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It is important to have endothermic and exothermic processes in building materials of your train because, this is to absorb and release heat to make the train run faster.

Wood burning heaters and steam engines release heat energy in an exothermic reaction. A train that used to be powered by a steam engine. Therefore, since heat is used, the heat balance is important. A steam engine absorbs energy during the boiling phase of water.

This is an endothermic reaction. If steam is used to actuate the piston, its energy must be released by actuating the train. Excess energy is released into the chimney as flue gas. This is an exothermic process as it releases energy into its surroundings.

Exothermic reactions are important in forensics, especially in fire and explosion investigations. Conversely, if a chemical reaction requires heat (instead of producing heat) and results in cooling of the surrounding environment, it is said to be endothermic.

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This question's correct answer is 1.395 atm. It will exert 1.395 atm of pressure in atmospheres if transferred to a 1.425 litre vessel with a temperature of 25.2 C.

Boyle's Law: The relationship between Pressure and Volume, The volume of a gas decreases as the pressure on it increases because the gas particles are forced closer together. In contrast, as a gas's pressure decreases, its volume increases because the gas particles can now move farther apart.

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c)  ester can be produced by reacting alcohol with carboxylic acid

What is esterification ?

The general term for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (usually an alcohol and an acid) combine to create an ester as the end product is "esterification." Esters are frequently found in organic chemistry and biological materials, and they frequently have a distinctive, fruity scent.

The process of making ester typically involves combining a carboxylic acid with an excess of an alcohol while using a tiny amount of a strong acid, like conc.H2SO4, as a catalyst. The esterification reaction is reversible, and the equilibrium constant for the reaction is often close to 1. Numerous strategies are employed to raise the ester yield because the reaction is reversible.

c)  ester can be produced by reacting alcohol with carboxylic acid

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The number of moles of CO₂ that can be made from the reaction is 2.5 moles

We'll begin by obtaining the limiting reactant for the reacion. This is given below:

CH₄ + 2O₂ —> CO₂ + 2H₂O

1 mole of CH₄ reacted with 2 moles of O₂

Therefore,

2.8 moles of CH₄ will react with = 2.8 × 2 = 5.6 moles of O₂

From the above, we can see that a higher amount of O₂ is needed to react with 2.8 moles of CH₄. Thus, O₂ is the limiting reactant.

We can determine the moles of CO₂ produced as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

2 moles of O₂ reacted to produce 1 mole of CO₂

Therefore,

5 moles of O₂ will react to produce = 5 / 2 = 2.5 moles of CO₂

Thus, the number of moles of CO₂ produced is 2.5 moles

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Answer:

317.5 g

Explanation:

1 mole of Cu = 63.5 g

so the mass of 5 moles of Cu = 63.5 x 5 = 317.5 g

The strong acid would exhibit a higher standard enthalpy change when neutralized with a strong base.

The difference between strong and weak acids is the level of dissociation. Strong acids dissociate completely, while weak acids dissociate only partially. That means that during the neutralization of a weak acid, a certain amount of energy needs to be expended on breaking the bond between the proton and the acid anion, lowering the overall enthalpy change in the process. On the other hand, because strong acids dissociate completely, no energy needs to be expended on total dissociation, meaning that the complete enthalpy change is greater.

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