Solution :
According to Chick's law
[tex]$\frac{N_t}{N_0}=e^{-k'C^n t}$[/tex]
where, t = contact time
c = concentration of disinfectant
k' = lethality coefficient = 4.71
n = dilution coefficient = 1
4 log removal = % removal = 99.99
[tex]$\frac{N_t}{N_0}=\frac{\text{bacteria remaining}}{\text{bacteria initailly present}}$[/tex]
= 1 - R
= 1 - 0.9999
Now for plug flow reactor contact time,
[tex]$\tau =\frac{V}{Q} =\frac{75000}{40 \times 10^6}$[/tex]
= 0.01875 days
= 27 minutes
For CSTR, [tex]$\tau =\frac{V}{Q} =\frac{150000}{40 \times 10^6}$[/tex]
[tex]$=3.75 \times 10^{-3}$[/tex] days
= 5.4 minute
There are 3 reactors, hence total contact time = 3 x 5.4
= 16.2 minute
Or [tex]$\frac{N_t}{N_0}=e^{-k'C^n t}$[/tex]
or [tex]$(1-0.9999)=e^{-4.71 \times C \times t}$[/tex]
∴ C x t = 1.955
For PFR, [tex]$t_1 = 27 $[/tex] min
∴ C [tex]$=\frac{1.955}{27}$[/tex] = 0.072 mg/L
For CSIR, [tex]$t_2=16.2$[/tex] min
[tex]$C=\frac{1.955}{16.2} = 0.1206$[/tex] mg/L
∴ Chlorine required for PFR in kg/day
[tex]$=\frac{0.072 \times 40 \times 10^6 \times 3.785}{10^6}$[/tex] (1 gallon = 3.785 L)
= 18.25 kg/day
Therefore we should go for PFR system.
Using your freshly made 5M stock aqueous solution of NaCl and your 10% aqueous stock of SDS, you find a prepackaged bottle of 1M Tris-Hcl (aqueous solution) along with a 95% solution of liquid NP-40 in a bottle. Using these stock reagents calculate the amount needed for the following final concentrations for each reagent as well as the final volume of water needed to obtain:
Total Final volume of 500 mL
Final Concentrations:
150 mM NaCl
50 mM Tris-HCl
1% NP-40 .
1% SDS
Answer:
1. Volume of stock required = 15 mL
Volume of water required = 485 mL
2. Volume of stock required = 5 mL
Volume of water required = 495 mL
3. Volume of stock required = 5.30 mL
Volume of water required = 494.70 mL
4. Volume of stock required = 50 mL
Volume of water required = 450 mL
Explanation:
Using the dilution formula C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
Where C₁ = initial concentration; C₂ = final concentration; V₁ = initial volume; V₂ = final volume
1. C₁ = 5 M NaCl, C₂ = 150 mM NaCl = 0.15 M NaCl
V₁ = ?; V₂ = 500 mL
V₁ = C₂V₂/C₁
V₁ = 0.15 × 500/ 5 = 15 mL
Volume of stock required = 15 mL
Volume of water required = 500 mL - 15 mL
Volume of water required = 485 mL
2. C₁ = 1 M Tris-HCl, C₂ = 50 mM Tris-HCl = 0.05 M Tris-HCl
V₁ = ?; V₂ = 500 mL
V₁ = C₂V₂/C₁
V₁ = 0.05 × 500/ 5 = 5 mL
Volume of stock required = 5 mL
Volume of water required = 500 mL - 5 mL
Volume of water required = 495 mL
3. C₁ = 95% NP-40, C₂ = 1% NP-40
V₁ = ?; V₂ = 500 mL
V₁ = C₂V₂/C₁
V₁ = 1 × 500/ 95 = 5.30 mL
Volume of stock required = 5.30 mL
Volume of water required = 500 mL - 5.30 mL
Volume of water required = 494.70 mL
4. C₁ = 1% SDS, C₂ = 10% SDS
V₁ = ?; V₂ = 500 mL
V₁ = C₂V₂/C₁
V₁ = 1 × 500/ 10 = 50 mL
Volume of stock required = 50 mL
Volume of water required = 500 mL - 50 mL
Volume of water required = 450 mL
what characteristics of a metallic bond explains some of the properties of metals
Answer:
See Explanation
Explanation:
Metallic bonds involve attraction between electrons and positively charged metal ions. The metals are ionized and electrons form a sea of valence electrons. These loosely bound electrons surround the nuclei of the metals.
The presence of this sea of electrons explains the fact that metals conduct electricity and heat due to the free valence electrons.
Due to the nature of the bonding between metal atoms,metals are malleable and ductile.
Due to the strong electrostatic interaction between metal ions and electrons, the metallic bond is very strong and is very difficult to break thereby accounting for the greater strength of metals as the size of the metallic ion decreases.
What is the correct definition of temperature
Answer:
i'm pretty sure its the last answer and if not its the 2nd one
Which gland would most likely have an issue with maintaining the breakdown of food?
the thyroid
the thymus
the pancreas
the ovaries
Answer:
OKAY EVERYONE STOP SAYING PANCREAS THATS WRONG
Explanation:
It is actually thyroid
Which of these space objects is the largest asteroid in the solar system?
Select one:
a. Pluto
b. Vesta
c. Ceres
d. Earth's Moon
Answer:
CERES is the latgest in the solar system
Explanation:
Help please will mark brainliest!!
Answer:
90% of people marry there 7th grade love. since u have read this, u will be told good news tonight. if u don't pass this on nine comments your worst week starts now this isn't fake. apparently if u copy and paste this on ten comments in the next ten minutes you will have the best day of your life tomorrow. you will either get kissed or asked out in the next 53 minutes someone will say i love you.
Please answer I will give you brainliest!!
Answer:
Warm front
Explanation:
A warm front forms when a warm air mass pushes into a cooler air mass, shown in the image to the right (A). Warm fronts often bring stormy weather as the warm air mass at the surface rises above the cool air mass, making clouds and storms. Warm fronts move more slowly than cold fronts because it is more difficult for the warm air to push the cold, dense air across the Earth's surface. Warm fronts often form on the east side of low-pressure systems where warmer air from the south is pushed north.
You will often see high clouds like cirrus, cirrostratus, and middle clouds like altostratus ahead of a warm front. These clouds form in the warm air that is high above the cool air. As the front passes over an area, the clouds become lower, and rain is likely. There can be thunderstorms around the warm front if the air is unstable.
On weather maps, the surface location of a warm front is represented by a solid red line with red, filled-in semicircles along it, like in the map on the right (B). The semicircles indicate the direction that the front is moving. They are on the side of the line where the front is moving. Notice on the map that temperatures at ground level are cooler in front of the front than behind it.
what is a factor of a solution
Answer:
Normality factor is defined as the ratio of observed wt. of solute to the theoretical wt. of the solute required to prepare a solution of desired normality. ... The principle states that, “the product of volume and concentration factor of the solution at any dilution is constant provided mass of the solution is constant.”
Explanation:
What type of muscle controls leg movement?
A. cardiac
B. striated
C. smooth
Answer:
c
Explanation:
for best accadimes
Help me please jus tell me 1 2 3 etc for the answers thank you!
Answer:
1. lakes and rivers 2. groundwater 3. watershed 4. pollution
Explanation:
14. A sample of carbon dioxide occupies a 2.54 dm² container at STP. What is the volume of the gas at a
pressure of 150.0 kPa and a temperature of 26.0°C?
0.180 dm
c. 2.24 dm3
b. 1.88 dm
d. 4.65 dm3
By using combined gas law , volume will be 1.88 [tex]dm^{3}[/tex].
What is combined gas law?
The combined gas law contains the laws of Charles, Boyle, and Gay-Lussac. When you know the pressure, volume, and temperature of a system and need to modify one of these, you can apply this law to compute the resulting unknown.
Combined gas law is expressed as:
[tex]$\frac{P_{1} V_{1}}{T_{1}}=\frac{P_{2} V_{2}}{T_{2}}$[/tex]
Calculation of volume by using combined gas law
It is given that, [tex]V_{1}[/tex] = 254[tex]dm^{3}[/tex], at STP P = 101.3 kPa and T = 273 K
Now, put the value of given data in above equation.
[tex]V_{2}[/tex] = (254[tex]dm^{3}[/tex]) (101.3 kPa) (26+273) /(150 kPa) (273)
[tex]V_{2}[/tex] = 1.88 [tex]dm^{3}[/tex].
By using combined gas law volume will be 1.88 [tex]dm^{3}[/tex].
To know about combined gas law.
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Which of the following has the largest mass of carbon per gram?
H₂CO₃
CH₃CO₂H
CH₃OH
CH₃CH₂OH
Answer:
ch3
Explanation:
You are performing an acid-base neutralization reaction in the laboratory to determine the concentration of an unknown base. You are supposed to titrate it with a monoprotic acid, but your lab partner accidentally fills your buret with sulfuric acid, a diprotic acid, with the same concentration as the acid called for in the experiment. How will the volume of diprotic acid compare to the volume of monoprotic acid you would have used
Answer:
Volume is reduced to half
Explanation:
Acid base titration are commonly used reactions in a lab, and are ofter used to get pH or different kind of solutions.
The neutralization of an acid base reaction is reached, when the solution (having added an indicator previously) changes its original color. chemically speaking, this occurs when the number of moles of the acid and the base are balanced and equal. In other words the following:
n₁ = n₂ (1)
This expression can also be expressed in function of concentration and volume:
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ (2)
From here, solving for V₁:
V₁ = M₂V₂ / M₁
Now, this expression is true only when we have the same kind of substance that can lose or gain the same number of hydrogens.
Lets suppose that we have as base NaOH (Monoprotic base) and HCl (monoprotic acid), the titration reaction would be:
NaOH + HCl --------> NaCl + H₂O
As both of the species are monoprotic, the number of moles are the same when they reach the equilibrium, so, expression (2) can be used, and calculate volume or concentrations.
However, in this case, a partner made a mistake and use a diprotic acid, in this case, H₂SO₄, In this case, things chance because H₂SO₄ is diprotic, meaning that we need to dissociate two hydrogens in equilibrium, therefore, expression (2) would be something like this.
Acid: 1; Base: 2
H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH ------> Na₂SO₄ + H₂O
nH₂SO₄ = n₁ = 1
nNaOH = n₂ = 2
n₁/n₂ = 1/2
2n₁ = n₂ (3)
Writting this, in function of concentration and volume, it would be:
2M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ (4)
From here, if we solve for the volume of the acid (V₁):
V₁ = M₂V₂ / 2M₁
Therefore, according to this expression, we can see that the volume required of the acid would be half the volume required of the monoprotic acid. For example, if we need 50 mL of Chloridic acid to reach the equivalence point with NaOH, then, with H₂SO₄ it will only need 25 mL. This, of course, assuming that concentrations are the same, and volume of the base used, the same.
Hope this helps
in general, what do you think a subscript in a chemical formula tells you
Answer:
In the most simplest of words: The number of atoms in a molecule
ex) c6h12o6
There are 6 carbon atoms and oxygen atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms
Another example NH4
there are 1 nitrogen atoms and 4 hydrogen atom
Hope that answers your question
Explanation:
Diagonal relationship is present between the lighter elements of periods
1) Second, third 2) Second, fourth 3) Third, fourth
4) third, fifth
Answer: The diagonal relationship is present between the lighter elements of periods second, thirds.
Explanation:
Elements which are present diagonally adjacent to each other in the second and third periods of the periodic table tends to show diagonal relationship as they have similar properties.
For example, Lithium is a second period element and magnesium is a third period element.
Hence, lithium and magnesium show diagonal relationship with each other.
Thus, we can conclude that diagonal relationship is present between the lighter elements of periods second, thirds.
Jerry is trying to classify cells by their physical characteristics. He discovers a multicellular organism containing cells that have a nucleus and a cell wall as well as the ability to conduct photosynthesis. Into which of the three domains would this organism most likely fit? A. Archaea B. bacteria C. Eukarya D. Viral
Domains eukarya would this organism most likely fit.
The domain eukarya comprised of eukaryotes or organisms whose cells contain true nucleus.
What is a domain?It is the largest of all groups in the classification of life. There are three domains:-
Archaea domainBacteria domainEukarya domainWhat is Eukarya?It is the domain of organism called eukaryotes. These are the organism who have a well defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
Hence, C) option is correct.
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A saline solution, NaCl in water, is 0.92 % (m/v). How many grams of NaCl are required to prepare 35.0 mL of this solution?
Answer:
0.322 g
Explanation:
Since our concentration is given in mass per volume percent % (m/v)
% (m/v) = mass of solute in g/volume of solution in mL × 100%
Since % (m/v) = 0.92 and volume of the required solution is 35.0 mL, we find the mass of NaCl from
mass of NaCl = % (m/v)/100 % × volume of solution
= 0.92 % (m/v)/100 %× 35 mL
= 0.0092 × 35
= 0.322 g
The study of a chemical is called chemistry.
The correct answer is 0.322 g
The saline is said that the amount of salt present in the solution. The formula used to solve the question is as follows:-
[tex]\frac{m}{v} = \frac{mass \ of\ solute}{volume\ of\ solution} * 100[/tex]
The data is given as follows:-
0.92 %(m/v)Volume is 35.0 mL,Mass of NaCl is as follows:-
[tex]\frac{0.92}{100} * 35 mL[/tex]
[tex]0.0092 * 35\\= 0.322 g[/tex]
Hence, the correct answer is 0.322g.
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please help i don’t know this:(
Answer:
29.5 days
Explanation:
orginally 27.3 days but 29.5 days is also correct
how to get a girl
need to get a girl
Answer:
pretty easy
Explanation:
step 1: Approach her
step 2: Ask her for something (make it look like you're lost even when you aren't)
step 3: engage in a conversation with her
step 4: you talk for hours and she give you her number
step 5: you wake up from your dream
step 6: wait you woke up
step 7: go back to dreaming again.
Answer: Girls are tough. Girls are....attitude, we all know its true.
Explanation
Best thing to start is shush when shes talking.
What is the mass of an iron piece that cools from 57.8 °C to 26.4°C while releasing
7160.2 J of heat? The specific heat capacity of iron is 0.444 J/gºC.
WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!!
Answer:
The answer is B
Explanation:
The answer is B because representative particles can only be atoms.
which solution has a higher percent ionization of the acid , a .10 M solution of HC2H3O2 (aw) or a .010 M solution of HC2H3O2(aq)
Answer:
0.0010 M of HC2H302(aq)
Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction compared to sexual reproduction?
Both will produce genetically identical offspring from the parent.
Sexual reproduction will increase genetic variability within a species.
Asexual reproduction requires less energy and will produce more offspring over time.
Sexual reproduction has minimal changes of mutations compared to asexual reproduction.
Explanation:
sexual reproduction has minimal changes of mutations compared to asexual reproduction
Answer:
sexual reproduction has minimal changes of mutations compared to asexual reproduction
I hope this helps
1: Write the positive and negative ions that result when the following compounds are dissolved in an aqueous solution:
Compound:
1. Na2CO3(a)
2. FeBr3(aq)
3. Al2(SO4)3(aq)
2: Write word and formula equations for the reaction of sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq) and phosphoric acid, H3PO4(aq). Word equation_________. Formula equation________. Why does this reaction occur?
Answer:
See explanation.
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, for the required chemical reactions, we proceed as follows, by considering that the left-handed elements stand for the cations and the right-handed ones for the anions:
1:
1. [tex]Na_2CO_3(aq)\rightarrow 2Na^+(aq)+(CO_3)^{2-}(aq)[/tex]
2. [tex]FeBr_3(aq)\rightarrow Fe^{3+}(aq)+3Br^-(aq)[/tex]
3. [tex]Al_2(SO_4)_3(aq)\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}(aq)+3(SO_4)^{2-}(aq)[/tex]
2: In this case, we can represent the formula equation first according to the neutralization reaction:
[tex]3NaOH(aq)+H_3PO_4(aq)\rightarrow Na_3PO_4(aq)+3H_2O(l)[/tex]
Which is worded as: three molecules of aqueous sodium hydroxide reacts with one molecule of aqueous phosphoric acid to yield one molecule of aqueous sodium chloride and three molecules of liquid water.
Regards!
What happens to the entropy when a solution is made?
A. The entropy increases.
B. The entropy decreases.
C. The entropy goes to zero.
D. The entropy is unaffected.
Answer:
The entropy increases
Explanation:
Just took the quiz
. A bar of copper has a mass of 216g and a volume of 24cm3. What is the density of copper?
Which organisms in soil helps relieve element so they can be recycled
Answer:
Bacteria are also involved in many processes that are indispensable for our life on Earth. Many of these processes have to do with the recycling (reuse) of chemical elements that have been here since the formation of the planet
Explanation:
I hope it will help you
When NH3(g) reacts with O2(g) to form N2O(g) and H2O(l) , 342 kJ of energy are evolved for each mole of NH3(g) that reacts. Write a balanced thermochemical equation for the reaction with an energy term in kJ as part of the equation. Note that the answer box for the energy term is case sensitive. Use the SMALLEST INTEGER coefficients possible and put the energy term (including the units) in the last box on the appropriate side of the equation. If a box is not needed, leave it blank.
Answer:
2 NH₃(g) + 2 O₂(g) ⇒ N₂O(g) + 3 H₂O(l) ΔH° = -684 kJ
Explanation:
Let's consider the unbalanced equation that occurs when NH₃(g) reacts with O₂(g) to form N₂O(g) and H₂O(l).
NH₃(g) + O₂(g) ⇒ N₂O(g) + H₂O(l)
We will begin balancing N atoms by multiplying NH₃(g) by 2.
2 NH₃(g) + O₂(g) ⇒ N₂O(g) + H₂O(l)
Then, we will balance H atoms by multiplying H₂O(l) by 3.
2 NH₃(g) + O₂(g) ⇒ N₂O(g) + 3 H₂O(l)
Finally, we will get the balanced equation by multiplying O₂(g) by 2.
2 NH₃(g) + 2 O₂(g) ⇒ N₂O(g) + 3 H₂O(l)
Since 342 kJ of energy are evolved for each mole of NH₃(g), and there are 2 moles of NH₃(g) in the balanced equation, the heat evolved will be2 × 342 kJ = 684 kJ. By convention, when heat is evolved, it takes a negative sign. The balanced thermochemical equation is:
2 NH₃(g) + 2 O₂(g) ⇒ N₂O(g) + 3 H₂O(l) ΔH° = -684 kJ
What is the total number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a cadmium, Cd, atom that has a mass number of 112?
Record your answer and fill in the bubbles on your answer document. Be sure to use the correct place value.
Answer:
Number of Protons 48
Number of Neutrons 64
Number of Electrons 48
Explanation:
The mass number of an atom is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of that atom
A metal forms two oxides X and Y when contains 28.9% and 21.0% oxygen respectively.
a) calculate the ratio by mass of metal in the two oxides
b) what chemical law does it illustrate
Please help no Link please