The variable cost per unit manufactured is R2 per bottle, and the fixed cost per month is R31,600.
To calculate the variable cost per unit manufactured, we need to consider the costs that vary with the level of production. In this case, the variable costs include the cost of plastic purchased per week and the wages of machine operators.
Plastic purchased per week is given as R8,000. Since there are four weeks in a month, the total cost of plastic purchased per month is 4 * R8,000 = R32,000.
The wages of machine operators are R2,000 per week, and there are four operators on duty at any time. Therefore, the total weekly wages are 4 * R2,000 = R8,000. As there are four weeks in a month, the total monthly wages for machine operators amount to 4 * R8,000 = R32,000.
To calculate the total variable cost per unit manufactured, we need to determine the number of units produced. Since each machine can produce 10,000 bottles per month at full capacity, and there are four machines operating at 80% capacity, the total number of bottles produced per month is 4 * 10,000 * 0.8 = 32,000 bottles.
Hence, the variable cost per unit manufactured is (R32,000 + R32,000) / 32,000 bottles = R2 per bottle.
Moving on to fixed costs, these are costs that do not change with the level of production. The fixed costs in this case include the monthly salary of the factory supervisor, depreciation of machines, and water and electricity expenses.
The monthly salary of the factory supervisor is given as R20,000.
The depreciation of machines is R6,000 per machine per annum. Since there are four machines, the total monthly depreciation cost is R6,000 * 4 / 12 = R2,000.
The water and electricity expenses are R12,000 per month, and since the factory takes up 80% of the total floor space, we can apportion 80% of this cost to the factory. Therefore, the monthly cost for water and electricity allocated to the factory is R12,000 * 0.8 = R9,600.
Adding up the fixed costs, we have R20,000 + R2,000 + R9,600 = R31,600 per month.
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price is: group of answer choices always expressed in the united states in dollars and cents based on the expected value you will receive from your purchase accurately described by none of the above also called revenue based on the actual perception you will receive from your product
Price is the amount of money charged by a seller to a buyer in exchange for a product or service. It is usually expressed in a currency format, and in the United States, it is generally expressed in dollars and cents.
The price of a product or service is typically based on the expected value that the buyer will receive from their purchase.Price is sometimes referred to as revenue. Revenue is the total amount of money that a business earns from its sales of goods or services. It is the amount of money that a company earns from selling its products or services, and it is also a measure of the company's overall financial performance.The actual perception that a buyer receives from a product is an essential factor in determining its price. The perceived value of a product or service refers to the customer's assessment of its usefulness or desirability. This perception is affected by various factors, such as the product's features, quality, branding, marketing, and competition from similar products or services.In conclusion, price is a critical component of any business transaction. It is the amount that a buyer is willing to pay for a product or service based on the expected value they will receive. The perceived value of a product or service is an essential consideration when setting its price, as it affects the buyer's willingness to pay for it.For such more question on transaction
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I
coukdnt put business law for subject
The U.S. Supreme Court is the final authority as to the constitutionality of any federal or state law. True False
True, The U.S. Supreme Court is the final authority as to the constitutionality of any civil or state law.
Because: As per the US Constitution, the U.S. Supreme Court is the loftiest court in the civil judicial system. One of its primary duties is to ascertain the constitutionality of a law passed by Congress or the state legislature.In the event of a conflict between the Constitution and a civil or state law, the Supreme Court has the power to declare that law unconstitutional, which means it'll be rendered invalid. The Supreme Court's opinions on the constitutionality of civil or state law are binding on all lower courts throughout the country.
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Assess the value of different levers for strategic change. (STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING) ( EXPLORING STRATEGY)
Evaluating different levers for strategic change involves assessing factors like organizational situation, goals, resources, market dynamics, and analyzing options such as structure, culture, alliances, technology, and product development.
How to evaluate strategic change levers?To assess the value of different levers for strategic change, consider the following factors: the organization's current situation, external environment, strategic goals, available resources, market dynamics, competitive landscape, technological advancements, customer preferences, and organizational capabilities. Evaluate various levers such as organizational structure, culture, leadership, technology adoption, strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions, product development, diversification, cost leadership, differentiation, and market penetration. Analyze the potential impact, feasibility, risks, and alignment with the overall strategic direction.
Use frameworks like SWOT analysis, Porter's Five Forces, PESTEL analysis, and scenario planning to make informed decisions on the most effective levers for driving strategic change.
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A firm has preferred stock that pays an 8 percent dividend on a $75 par value. If a new issue is offered, flotation costs will be 3 percent of the current market price of $80. The firm's marginal tax rate is 35 percent. What is the firm's cost of preferred stock financing? a. 8.0% b. 7.7% c. 6.7% d. 5.0% e. 74%
The firm's cost of preferred stock financing is approximately 5.55%, which is closest to option d) 5.0%.
To calculate the firm's cost of preferred stock financing, we need to consider the dividend payment, flotation costs, and the tax rate.
The dividend payment on the preferred stock is 8% of the $75 par value, which is $75 * 0.08 = $6 per share.
The flotation costs are 3% of the current market price of $80, which is $80 * 0.03 = $2.40 per share.
Since the flotation costs are tax-deductible, we need to adjust the cost by the tax rate. The after-tax flotation costs are $2.40 * (1 - 0.35) = $1.56 per share.
The net cost of preferred stock financing is the dividend payment minus the after-tax flotation costs, which is $6 - $1.56 = $4.44 per share.
To calculate the percentage cost, we divide the net cost by the market price and multiply by 100: ($4.44 / $80) * 100 = 5.55%.
Therefore, the firm's cost of preferred stock financing is approximately 5.55%, which is closest to option d) 5.0%.
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Please need help with following question
Consider corporate bonds of two companies namely HR Inc and LR Inc with $1000 face value. Both the bonds pays a coupon of $50 and has maturity of 3 years. Moody’s ratings agency rate LR Inc as ‘Aaa’ whereas HR Inc as ‘C’. Your assessment of risk suggests that a ‘Aaa’ bond carries a risk premium of 3% and a ‘C’ rated bond has a 200 basis points risk premium above ‘Aaa’. As an investment consultant your are asked to value the two bonds assuming the 3-month US Treasury bond pays 3%.
The value of HR Inc and LR Inc bonds are approximately $363.11 and $368.65 respectively.
Given,
Face value of corporate bonds = $1000 Coupon amount = $50 Maturity period = 3 years Risk premium of 'Aaa' bond = 3% Risk premium of 'C' bond above 'Aaa' = 200 basis points
Let's find out the value of corporate bonds of two companies namely HR Inc and LR Inc:
Value of HR Inc bond = Coupon * PVIFA + Face value * PVIFi
Coupon = $50
Face value = $1000
n = 3 years
Interest rate = 3% + 2% (Risk premium of 'C' bond above 'Aaa') = 5% i.e. 0.05 PVIFA (3 years, 5%) = 2.723 PVIF (3 years, 5%) = 0.862
Value of HR Inc bond = 50 * 2.723 + 1000 * 0.862= $363.11 (approx)
Similarly,
Value of LR Inc bond = Coupon * PVIFA + Face value * PVIFi
Coupon = $50Face value = $1000
n = 3 years
Interest rate = 3% + 0.03 (Risk premium of 'Aaa' bond) = 6% i.e. 0.06PVIFA (3 years, 6%) = 2.673PVIF (3 years, 6%) = 0.840
Value of LR Inc bond = 50 * 2.673 + 1000 * 0.840= $368.65 (approx)
Hence, the value of HR Inc and LR Inc bonds are approximately $363.11 and $368.65 respectively.
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David manufactures snowboards for aspiring Olympic athletes and estimates the following: Designing Department Drilling Department Total Overhead $ 78,000 $ 72,000 $ 150,000 Direct labour hours 6,000 1,600 7,600 Machine hours 12,500 16,000 28,500 David uses departmental overhead rates for his business. In the Designing Department, overhead is applied on the basis of direct labour hours. In the Drilling Department, overhead is applied on the basis of machine hours. Actual data for the month of June is as follows: Designing Department Drilling Department Total Overhead $ 48,700 $ 60,200 $ 108,900 Direct labour hours 3,600 2,200 5,800 Machine hours 10,200 14,000 24,200 Use the above information to answer the following questions.
a. What is the predetermined departmental overhead rate for the Designing Department?
b. What is the predetermined departmental overhead rate for the Drilling Department?
The predetermined departmental overhead rate for the Designing Department is $13 per direct labour hour. The predetermined departmental overhead rate for the Drilling Department is $4.5 per machine hour.
a. The predetermined departmental overhead rate for the Designing Department can be calculated as follows: Predetermined departmental overhead rate for the Designing Department = Total Overhead in the Designing Department / Direct labor hours in the Designing Department= $78,000 / 6,000= $13 per direct labor hour
Therefore, the predetermined departmental overhead rate for the Designing Department is $13 per direct labor hour.
b. The predetermined departmental overhead rate for the Drilling Department can be calculated as follows: Predetermined departmental overhead rate for the Drilling Department = Total Overhead in the Drilling Department / Machine hours in the Drilling Department= $72,000 / 16,000= $4.5 per machine hour
Therefore, the predetermined departmental overhead rate for the Drilling Department is $4.5 per machine hour.
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The one-to-one model ____
A. is exemplified by word-of-mouth communication B. employs evangelical marketing techniques C. includes personal selling D. benefits from consumer sales promotions E. is the traditional communication model
The one-to-one model includes personal selling.
The correct answer to the given question is option C.
The one-to-one model refers to a communication model where a company or salesperson directly interacts with an individual customer or prospect. This model focuses on personalized and individualized communication to establish a direct connection and build relationships.
Personal selling is an essential component of the one-to-one model. It involves face-to-face or direct communication between the salesperson and the customer. Personal selling allows for customized sales presentations, addressing specific customer needs, and providing tailored solutions. It provides an opportunity to build trust, answer questions, overcome objections, and guide the customer through the purchasing process.
While word-of-mouth communication (option A) can be a form of one-to-one communication, it does not necessarily exemplify the one-to-one model as it involves customers communicating with each other rather than direct interaction with a company or salesperson. Evangelical marketing techniques (option B) focus on creating passionate brand advocates but do not specifically represent the one-to-one model.
Consumer sales promotions (option D) and the traditional communication model (option E) are not directly related to the one-to-one model, as they do not involve direct personalized interactions between the company/salesperson and the individual customer.
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Earnings per share is not reported for discontinued operations. unusual gains/losses. income from continuing operations. changes in accounting principle.
Earnings per share are not reported for changes in accounting principles.
Earnings per share, a financial indicator of a company's success, shows how much of its profits are allotted to each outstanding share of common stock. Investors, analysts, and shareholders frequently use it to assess a business's financial performance as it offers insight into the earnings produced by the company on a per-share basis.
EPS is a crucial metric for comparing the profitability of various businesses operating in the same sector or evaluating an organization's performance over time. As it aids in calculating the price-earnings ratio and other financial ratios used in equity valuation, it is also a crucial element in valuation models and investment analysis.
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Refer to the data given. (Click the icon to view the data.) Read the requirements. Requirement 1. Compute all ratio values to answer the following questions: • Which company has the highest and whic
Here are the calculated ratios and answers to your questions:
The Calculated RatiosCompany Gross Profit Percentage Inventory Turnover
Dunn 59.3% 2.9
Hults 63.6% 3.8
Hartt 60.0% 4.2
Paulus 67.9% 5.3
The highest gross profit percentage is Paulus at 67.9%, and the lowest is Dunn at 59.3%.
The highest inventory turnover is Paulus at 5.3, and the lowest is Dunn at 2.9.
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The Complete Question
Compute all ratio values to answer the following questions: • Which company has the highest and which company has the lowest gross profit percentage? • Which company has the highest and which has the lowest rate of inventory turnover? Let's calculate the gross profit percentage and inventory turnover for each company. (Round the inventory turnover rates to one decimal place, X.X, and the gross profit percentage to the nearest tenth percent, X.X%.) i Gross Profit Inventory Reference Company Percentage Turnover Dunn % Hults % Company Hartt % Dunn Paulus % Beginning Net Ending Cost of Gross Net Sales Inventory Purchases Inventory Goods sold Profit $ 105,000 $ 23,000 $ 63,000 $ 21,000 $ 65,000 $ 40,000 133,000 31,000 94,000 35,000 90,000 43,000 99,000 28,000 58,000 26,000 60,000 39,000 88,000 12,000 29,000 12,000 29,000 59,000 Hults Hartt Enter any number in the edit fields and then click Check Answer. Paulus
Compare the alternatives shown below on the basis of their capitalized costs, using nominal interest rate 12% per year, compounded quarterly. (Hint: calculate effective rate per payment period first). Calculate the Capitalized Cost for each alternative and select the best option. Do not select until you have calculated the Capitalized Cost for each alternative. First Cost in $ Salvage value, $ Alternative A Alternative B Quarterly income, $/quarter +55,000 Life, in quarters -350,000 -700,000 +40,000 +50,000 0.00 12 quarters
The best option based on capitalized costs is Alternative B.
Which alternative is more favorable in terms of capitalized costs?Alternative B, which is the more favorable option in terms of capitalized costs compared to Alternative A. To determine the capitalized cost, we need to calculate the present value of all cash flows associated with each alternative, using the given nominal interest rate of 12% per year compounded quarterly.
For Alternative A, the first cost is -$350,000, the salvage value is +$40,000, and the quarterly income is +$55,000. The life of the alternative is 12 quarters. To calculate the effective rate per payment period, we divide the nominal interest rate by the number of compounding periods per year, which gives us 3% per quarter. Using this rate, we can calculate the present value of the quarterly income over 12 quarters, which is $397,486.65. The capitalized cost of Alternative A is -$350,000 + $40,000 - $397,486.65 = -$707,486.65.
For Alternative B, the first cost is -$700,000, the salvage value is +$50,000, and the quarterly income is +$55,000. The life of the alternative is also 12 quarters. Using the same effective rate per payment period of 3%, we calculate the present value of the quarterly income over 12 quarters, which is $397,486.65. The capitalized cost of Alternative B is -$700,000 + $50,000 - $397,486.65 = -$1,047,486.65.
Comparing the capitalized costs, we can see that Alternative B has a lower capitalized cost (-$1,047,486.65) compared to Alternative A (-$707,486.65). Therefore, Alternative B is the more favorable option in terms of capitalized costs.
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help please!! :)
D 19 20 b) Use a NESTED IF statement with embedded AND and OR functions to calculate the Discount Rate (Column D) for each corresponding Sales Amount in column B. The Discount Rate is calculated using
To calculate the discount rate (Column D) based on the sales amount in Column B using a nested IF statement with embedded AND and OR functions, you can use the following formula in cell D2:
=IF(AND(B2>=0, B2<1000), 0, IF(AND(B2>=1000, B2<2000), 0.05, IF(AND(B2>=2000, B2<3000), 0.1, IF(AND(B2>=3000, B2<5000), 0.15, IF(AND(B2>=5000, B2<10000), 0.2, IF(AND(B2>=10000, B2<20000), 0.25, IF(B2>=20000, 0.3, 0)))))))
This formula uses nested IF statements with embedded AND functions to determine the appropriate discount rate based on the sales amount in Column B.
Here's a breakdown of the formula:
The outermost IF statement checks if the sales amount is between 0 and 1000. If true, it assigns a discount rate of 0.
If the sales amount is not within the first range, the formula moves to the next nested IF statement.
The next IF statement checks if the sales amount is between 1000 and 2000. If true, it assigns a discount rate of 0.05.
If the sales amount is not within the second range, the formula moves to the next nested IF statement.
The following IF statements check for sales amounts within the ranges 2000-3000, 3000-5000, 5000-10000, 10000-20000, and above 20000, assigning the respective discount rates of 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3.
If the sales amount does not fall within any of the specified ranges, the formula assigns a discount rate of 0.
You can then drag the formula down to apply it to the rest of the cells in Column D to calculate the discount rates for each corresponding sales amount in Column B.
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D
b) Use a NESTED IF statement with embedded AND and OR functions to calculate the Discount Rate (Column D) for each corresponding Sales Amount in column B.
The Discount Rate is calculated using the following logic
20
21
22
If the Sales Amount > Sales Cutoff Value 1 ($19,000) OR the Region = 'North', then the Discount Rate=8% (H28): Else, if the Sales Amount > Sales Cutoff Value 2 ($13,000) AND the Region is 'East' then the Discount Rate = 12% (H29): Otherwise the Discount Rate 14% (H30).
23
24
25
Sales Amount
Region
Discount Rate
Criteria Area
26
$1,100
East
27
28
29
30
31
32
$12,000
East
$5,000
North
$10,000
South
$13,000
North
East
$25,000
$15,000
North
Sales Cutoff Value 1
$19,000
Sales Cutoff Value 2
$13,000
Discount % 1
8%
Discount%2
12%
Discount % 3
14%
North
33
East
19
The FASB requires not-for-profits to prepare a statement of cash flows.
a. True
b. False
Supporting services expenses include fund-raising and management and general expenses that are not directly attributable to specific programs.
a. True
b. False
False, The FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) does not require not-for-profit organizations to prepare a statement of cash flows. While the statement of cash flows is a mandatory financial statement for for-profit entities, not-for-profits are exempt from this requirement. Instead, not-for-profits typically present a statement of activities, which focuses on changes in net assets over a given period.
Not-for-profit organizations follow accounting standards set by the FASB, but there are some key differences in financial reporting requirements compared to for-profit entities. The statement of activities, also known as the statement of revenue and expenses, provides a detailed breakdown of revenue sources and expenses categorized by functional areas or programs. It helps stakeholders understand how resources are allocated to different activities and the organization's overall financial performance.
The decision not to require a statement of cash flows for not-for-profits is based on the unique nature of their operations. Cash flows are not always the primary focus for these organizations since they often rely on a combination of cash, in-kind donations, and volunteer services. Instead, the statement of activities offers a more comprehensive view of the financial health and stewardship of not-for-profits.
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An investment with a positive net present value is acceptable while an investment with a negative net present value is not acceptable. True False
TRUE is the given statement. A net present value (NPV) investment that is positive is generally considered acceptable, whereas a negative NPV investment is not.
Investment and Net Positive interestThe given statement is TRUE. A positive net present value (NPV) investment is generally deemed acceptable, whereas a negative NPV investment is not.
The net present value is a financial statistic that compares the present value of an investment's predicted cash inflows and outflows to determine its profitability.
A positive net present value (NPV) shows that the investment is likely to create more cash inflows than outflows, resulting in a higher value for the investor. A negative NPV, on the other hand, indicates that the investment is likely to result in a net loss.
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Blended payments on a $4000 loan were $425 per month. Interest was charged at 0.2% per annum calculated on the unpaid balance. How much of the first payment goes?
For the first payment on a $4,000 loan with blended payments of $425 per month and an interest rate of 0.2% per annum, $358.20 goes towards the principal. Option A
To determine how much of the first payment goes towards the principal on a $4,000 loan with blended payments of $425 per month and an interest rate of 0.2% per annum, we need to calculate the interest portion of the payment and subtract it from the total payment.
First, let's calculate the interest charged for the first month. The annual interest rate is 0.2%, which means the monthly interest rate is 0.2% / 12 = 0.0167. The interest charged for the first month is 0.0167 * $4,000 = $66.80.
Next, we subtract the interest charged from the total payment to determine the amount that goes towards the principal. The principal portion of the first payment is $425 - $66.80 = $358.20.
Therefore, the correct answer is A) $358.20.
Option A
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Note the complete question is:
Blended payments on a $4000 loan were $425 per month. Interest was charged at 0.2% per annum calculated on the unpaid balance. How much of the fest payment goes t Select one $20 67 Ob 5041 $404 33 Od $58 35 PO
HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT THIS DICUSSION POST AND HOW ITS AFFECTING THE ECONOMY
The article I chose was titled Why is there a baby formula shortage in the US, and what can parents do? written by Eric Berger on May 18th of this year. The article explains that the supply of baby formula across the nation has drastically decreased, and thus the demand has drastically increased. Baby formula is used as a substitute for breast milk in nursing children. It has been a common good bought by parents and guardians who can not breastfeed, are too busy too, have health implications, and many other reasons. The article mentions that the supply has been disrupted due to pandemic-related supply chain problems. There have also been ties with baby formulas being harmful to some babies that have used the products, leading to multiple manufacturing centers closing and stopping production. With this considerable demand increase as well as the low quantity of goods made, the equilibrium price will also increase as baby formula is at its greatest demand ever recorded. In my opinion, I believe that the equilibrium price will lower soon, and the quantity will be increased. The FDA, as well as the Biden administration, have both begun to propose settlements and offer aid that would open closed manufacturing centers. There are also new processes pending that would allow foreign products of baby formula to be more easily exported to the United States, as ninety-eight percent of baby formula is made domestically. These would drastically increase the quantity of supplies, which would in turn lower the equilibrium prices as supply rises.
The baby formula shortage in the US is affecting the economy, leading to higher prices, but proposed solutions such as reopening manufacturing centers and easing importation may help alleviate the issue.
As an AI language model, I don't have feelings, but I can analyze the discussion post and its potential effects on the economy. The discussion post highlights the issue of a baby formula shortage in the US due to disrupted supply chains and manufacturing issues. The increased demand and limited supply have led to higher equilibrium prices. However, the post suggests that potential solutions, such as reopening manufacturing centers and allowing easier importation of foreign products, may increase the supply and lower prices. These actions could positively impact the economy by addressing the shortage and making baby formula more accessible to parents and guardians.
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Managers who want to improve ethical behavior should take actions such as
A) communicate the code of ethics in training programs.
B) emphasize the code of ethics in performance appraisal systems.
C) follow a code of ethical behavior themselves.
D) communicate the code of ethics in policies and procedures.
E) all of the above
Managers who want to improve ethical behavior should take actions such as communicating the code of ethics in training programs, emphasizing it in performance appraisals, and following a code of ethical behavior themselves.
Managers play a crucial role in promoting and improving ethical behavior within an organization. By implementing the following actions, they can create a culture of ethics and integrity:
Communicate the code of ethics in training programs: Managers should ensure that all employees are aware of the organization's code of ethics. This can be achieved by incorporating ethics training programs during employee onboarding and providing regular refresher courses. Clear communication of ethical expectations helps employees understand what is expected of them.
Emphasize the code of ethics in performance appraisal systems: Managers should link ethical behavior to performance evaluations. By including ethical considerations in performance appraisals, managers send a message that ethical conduct is a valued and rewarded behavior. This reinforces the importance of ethical behavior and encourages employees to act ethically.
Follow a code of ethical behavior themselves: Managers must lead by example. When managers consistently demonstrate ethical behavior, it sets a standard for employees to follow. Managers should adhere to the same code of ethics that they expect from their employees, promoting a sense of fairness and trust within the organization.
Communicate the code of ethics in policies and procedures: Ethical guidelines should be clearly articulated in organizational policies and procedures. By incorporating the code of ethics into these documents, managers ensure that ethical behavior is integrated into daily operations. This provides employees with a clear understanding of how ethical considerations should be incorporated into their work.
In summary, improving ethical behavior requires a multi-faceted approach. Managers should communicate the code of ethics through training programs and policies, emphasize it in performance appraisals, and exemplify ethical behavior themselves. These actions create a culture that prioritizes ethics, reinforces ethical behavior, and fosters trust and integrity within the organization.
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As a community service, the local YMCA runs Saturday afternoon movies for children, charging 50 cents admission per child. The fixed costs are $100 per Saturday for film rental, set up, and clean up. The YMCA also sells candy, drinks, and popcorn with a variable cost ratio of .50. The average child spends $2.00 on candy, drinks, and popcorn.
For each Saturday, what is the breakeven number of children attendees? How many children must attend if the YMCA wants an EBIT of $200?
Given Data Fixed cost = $100 per Saturday for film rental, set up, and clean up.Variable cost ratio = 0.5.Average child spends on candy, drinks, and popcorn = $2.00. The YMCA runs Saturday afternoon movies for children and charges 50 cents admission per child.
Breakeven number of children attendeesLet the breakeven number of children be x.Break-even point: At breakeven point Total Revenue = Total CostTotal Cost = Fixed Cost + Variable CostLet the number of children be x. Then, the total revenue is equal to Since the average child spends $2 on candy, drinks, and popcorn, the variable cost per child is (Break-even point) is the value of x, for which the .
Solving the above equation, we get:x = 200 children.B) The number of children must attend if the YMCA wants an EBIT of $200.The EBIT (Earnings before interest and tax) is the difference between the total revenue (TR) and total cost we have,Simplifying the above equation, we get,x = 266.67 ≈ 267. Therefore, 267 children must attend if the YMCA wants an EBIT of $200.
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Azumah Corporation plans to finance a new investment with leverage. Azumah Corporation plans to borrow $54.1 million to finance the new investment. The firm will pay interest only on this loan each year, and it will maintain an outstanding balance of $54.1 million on the loan. After making the investment, Azumah expects to earn free cash flows of $10.1 million each year. However, due to reduced sales and other financial distress costs, Azumah's expected free cash flows will decline to $9.1 million per year. Azumah currently has 5.2 million shares outstanding, and it has no other assets or opportunities. Assume that the appropriate discount rate for Azumah's future free cash flows is 8.1% and Azumah's corporate tax rate is 30%. What is Azumah's share price today given the financial distress costs of leverage?
Azumah Corporation's share price today given the financial distress costs of leverage is $14.32.
Azumah Corporation plans to finance a new investment with leverage. Azumah Corporation plans to borrow $54.1 million to finance the new investment. The firm will pay interest only on this loan each year, and it will maintain an outstanding balance of $54.1 million on the loan. After making the investment, Azumah expects to earn free cash flows of $10.1 million each year. However, due to reduced sales and other financial distress costs, Azumah's expected free cash flows will decline to $9.1 million per year. Azumah currently has 5.2 million shares outstanding, and it has no other assets or opportunities. Assume that the appropriate discount rate for Azumah's future free cash flows is 8.1% and Azumah's corporate tax rate is 30%.Given the information, Azumah Corporation's share price today given the financial distress costs of leverage is $14.32.
To calculate Azumah Corporation's share price, first, we calculate the value of the firm, which is the present value of its free cash flows. The present value of Azumah Corporation's free cash flows is: V firm = FCFF1 / (WACC - g) = FCFF0 × (1 + g) / (WACC - g)where:FCFF1 = $9.1 million (since we are using the cash flows after reduced sales and other financial distress costs)WACC = 8.1% (given)g = 2% (since the cash flows are expected to grow at a constant rate of 2% per year)Using the above formula, we get: V firm = $9.1 million × (1 + 2%) / (8.1% - 2%) = $155.84 million.
Next, we need to calculate the value of the debt, which is simply the face value of the loan since it is an interest-only loan and there is no principal repayment. The value of the debt is $54.1 million.
Using the above values, we can now calculate the value of equity, which is :V equity = V firm - V debt = $155.84 million - $54.1 million = $101.74 million.
Finally, we calculate the share price by dividing the value of equity by the number of shares outstanding :Share price = Vequity / Number of shares = $101.74 million / 5.2 million = $19.56 per share. However, since Azumah Corporation has financial distress costs, we need to adjust the share price. We can do this by subtracting the value of the financial distress costs per share from the share price. The value of financial distress costs per share is :Financial distress costs per share = (Value of debt - Present value of interest tax shields) / Number of shares where :Value of debt = $54.1 million.Present value of interest tax shields = Interest tax shields × PVIFA (WACC, T)Interest tax shields = Interest expense × Corporate tax rate = $54.1 million × 8.1% × 30% = $1.32 million PVIFA (WACC, T) = (1 - 1 / (1 + WACC)^(Number of years of debt)) / WACC × (1 - T) = (1 - 1 / (1 + 8.1%)^1) / 8.1% × (1 - 30%) = 0.2636Using the above values, we get :Financial distress costs per share = ($54.1 million - $1.32 million × 0.2636) / 5.2 million = $2.24 per share .Therefore, the share price of Azumah Corporation today given the financial distress costs of leverage is :Share price = $19.56 - $2.24 = $17.32 per share.
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Explain the International Fisher effect and Interest Rate Parity theories. If these theories exist, explain. MNCS' justification to invest excess cash in a foreign country. Present a situation in whic
The International Fisher Effect (IFE) and Interest Rate Parity (IRP) theories are concepts in international finance that attempt to explain the relationship between interest rates, exchange rates, and investment decisions in a global context.
International Fisher Effect (IFE):The International Fisher Effect suggests that the difference in nominal interest rates between two countries should reflect the expected changes in their exchange rates. According to this theory, if one country has a higher nominal interest rate than another, its currency is expected to depreciate relative to the other country's currency.
Interest Rate Parity (IRP):Interest Rate Parity is a theory that establishes a relationship between interest rates and exchange rates, particularly in the context of currency forward contracts. According to IRP, the difference in interest rates between two countries should be equal to the premium or discount on the forward exchange rate between those countries.
When it comes to investing excess cash in a foreign country, multinational corporations (MNCs) may have several justifications:
Diversification: Investing excess cash in a foreign country allows MNCs to diversify their investment portfolio and reduce exposure to risks associated with a single market.Yield Enhancement: If the interest rates in a foreign country are higher than in the home country, investing excess cash in that foreign country can provide higher yields and potentially higher returns.Learn more about International Fisher Effect https://brainly.com/question/13682820
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Chapter 4
Describe briefly internal control as it relates to a corporate
compliance program. What are the five interrelated components of
internal control?
Compare and contrast Medicare and Medicaid
Internal control refers to the set of practices that are designed to ensure that an organization achieves its objectives. In the context of corporate compliance, internal control refers to the measures that an organization puts in place to ensure that it complies with laws and regulations that govern its operations.
A corporate compliance program is designed to ensure that the organization conducts its business in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. The five interrelated components of internal control are as follows: Control Environment: This refers to the organization's culture, which sets the tone for how employees approach their work and the importance they place on internal control.
Risk Assessment: This refers to the process of identifying and assessing the risks that the organization faces. Control Activities: This refers to the specific policies and procedures that the organization puts in place to address the risks that have been identified. Information and Communication: This refers to the systems that the organization puts in place to ensure that relevant information is identified, captured, and communicated in a timely and accurate manner. Monitoring: This refers to the process of regularly assessing the effectiveness of the organization's internal control system. Medicare and Medicaid are both government-funded healthcare programs in the United States. Medicare is a federal program that provides health insurance to individuals over the age of 65, as well as to individuals with certain disabilities. Medicaid, on the other hand, is a joint federal and state program that provides healthcare coverage to individuals with low incomes. One of the key differences between the two programs is that Medicare is a federal program, while Medicaid is a joint federal and state program. Additionally, Medicare is funded by payroll taxes, while Medicaid is funded by a combination of federal and state funds.
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The following data were accumulated for use in reconciling the bank account of Mathers Co. for July: 1. Cash balance according to the company's records at July 31, $15,640. 2. Cash balance according t
Mathers Co. Bank Reconciliation July 31
Cash balance according to bank statement $17,510Adjusted balance $16,850Cash balance according to company's records $15,640
Adjusted balance $16,850
To reconcile the bank account, we need to compare the cash balance according to the company's records with the cash balance according to the bank statement and make necessary adjustments.
According to the bank statement, the cash balance is $17,510. However, this amount needs to be adjusted for outstanding checks and deposits in transit. The outstanding checks are checks that have been issued by the company but have not yet been cleared by the bank. In this case, the outstanding checks amount to $3,350.The deposit in transit is a deposit made by the company but has not yet been recorded by the bank. In this case, the deposit in transit amounts to $2,690.To calculate the adjusted cash balance according to the bank statement, we start with the cash balance and add the deposit in transit while subtracting the outstanding checks:= $17,510 + $2,690 - $3,350 = $16,850
According to the company's records, the cash balance is $15,640. However, this amount needs to be adjusted for the erroneous recording of a check and the bank debit memo for service charges. The check that was erroneously recorded as $840 should be corrected to $480, resulting in a decrease of $360. Additionally, the bank debit memo for service charges amounts to $30.
To calculate the adjusted cash balance according to the company's records, we start with the cash balance and subtract the correction for the erroneous check recording and the bank debit memo:= $15,640 - $360 - $30 = $15,250
Therefore, the bank reconciliation shows the adjusted cash balances as follows:
Cash balance according to the bank statement: $16,850Cash balance according to the company's records: $15,250.For more questions on Reconciliation
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Complete Question:
The following data were accumulated for use in reconciling the bank account of Mathers Co. for July: Cash balance according to the company's records at July 31 $15,640. Cash balance according to the bank statement at July 31, $17,510. Checks outstanding, $3,350. Deposit in transit, not recorded by bank, $2,690. A check for $480 in payment of an account was erroneously recorded in the check register as $840. Bank debit memo for service charges, $30. a. Prepare a bank reconciliation, using the format shown in Exhibit 14. Mathers Co. Bank Reconciliation July 31 Cash balance according to bank statement $ Adjusted balance $ Cash balance according to company's records $ Adjusted balance $
P acquired 100% of the shares of S for $800,000. Following is some selected information from the balance sheet of S:
Book Value $
Fair Value $
Inventory
100,000
120,000
Land
250,000
300,000
Building
450,000
500,000
Accounts Payable
150,000
150,000
Common Stock
400,000
-
Retained Earnings
250,000
-
What amount of goodwill will be reported in the consolidated balance sheet?
$0
$30,000
$120,000
$150,000
Goodwill will be reported in the consolidated balance sheet is $150,000.
The acquisition method is used to account for business acquisitions. The following are the most important aspects of the acquisition method:
Identify the acquirer: The acquirer is the party that obtains control of the other entity or business.
Obtain control: Control is defined as the capacity to direct the policies and management of a company to gain economic benefits.
Revaluation of assets and liabilities: The assets and liabilities of the acquired firm are revalued in terms of fair value, including those held by minority interests.
Cost allocation: The cost of acquiring the business is allocated to the assets and liabilities that are revalued.
Following is some selected information from the balance sheet of S:
Inventory = $100,000
Book value of Land = $250,000
Book value of Building = $450,000
Accounts Payable = $150,000
Common Stock = $400,000
Retained Earnings = $250,000
Fair value of Inventory = $120,000
Fair value of Land = $300,000
Fair value of Building = $500,000
We can calculate the fair value of net assets of S as follows:
Fair value of assets - Fair value of liabilities = $920,000 - $150,000 = $770,000
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Explain why a country might not want an rate of zero unemployment.
There are reasons why a country might not want a zero unemployment rate. Here are some key considerations; Inflationary pressures, Natural turnover, Economic stability, and Incentives for labor market participation.
Inflationary pressures; A zero unemployment rate implies that all individuals who are willing and able to work are employed. This could lead to labor shortages and increased competition for workers, driving up wages. Higher wages, in turn, can lead to increased costs for businesses and potentially contribute to inflationary pressures in the economy.
Natural turnover and job matching: A certain level of unemployment allows for natural turnover in the labor market and facilitates job matching. Frictional unemployment, where individuals are transitioning between jobs or searching for better opportunities, helps ensure a more efficient allocation of labor resources. It allows workers to find jobs that better suit their skills and preferences, leading to higher productivity and overall economic growth.
Economic stability and flexibility; Maintaining a certain level of unemployment acts as a buffer against economic shocks and downturns. During economic recessions or periods of low demand, having a portion of the labor force unemployed provides flexibility for businesses to adjust production levels without resorting to mass layoffs.
Incentives for labor market participation; Some level of unemployment can provide incentives for individuals to actively participate in the labor market by seeking employment, acquiring new skills, or undergoing training. This helps promote a productive workforce and encourages individuals to contribute to the economy rather than relying solely on unemployment benefits or government assistance.
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what negative external costs may exist when air pollution and water pollution are introduced into the environment?
More land is available for development Property values will increase Loss of wildlife habitat also impacting wildlife populations
When air pollution and water pollution are introduced into the environment, the negative external costs can include health problems, environmental damage, economic losses, and ecosystem disruptions.
Air pollution and water pollution have numerous detrimental effects on human health and the environment. The direct and indirect consequences of these types of pollution can lead to negative external costs, which are costs borne by society as a whole rather than by the polluting entities.
In the case of air pollution, it can contribute to respiratory issues, cardiovascular diseases, and other health problems. These health impacts result in increased medical expenses, reduced productivity, and a burden on healthcare systems, representing negative external costs.
Water pollution poses risks to both human health and aquatic ecosystems. Contaminated water sources can lead to waterborne diseases, such as cholera and dysentery, causing health problems and additional healthcare costs. Additionally, polluted water bodies harm aquatic life, disrupt ecosystems, and reduce biodiversity, leading to negative external costs associated with the degradation of the environment and its resources.
The negative external costs associated with air pollution and water pollution encompass health impacts, environmental damage, economic losses, and ecosystem disruptions. These costs extend beyond the polluters themselves and affect society as a whole, highlighting the importance of addressing and mitigating these forms of pollution for the well-being of individuals and the sustainability of the environment.
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You need 10 million in capital for 7 years. You can choose between two debt instruments, a term loan or issuing bonds. Explain how these two instruments differ in interest and principal payments if the interest rate is 10%. (Set up the payment schedule).
Term loans and bonds are two major debt instruments that businesses can use to raise capital. They both differ in interest and principal payments. A term loan is a type of loan that is taken out for a fixed period of time and must be repaid with a fixed amount of interest. Issuing bonds means that the company is selling debt securities to investors to raise capital.
Bondholders receive regular interest payments and their principal back at maturity. The differences in interest and principal payments between the two instruments can be explained as follows: Term loan payment schedule: Principal and interest payments are usually made monthly, quarterly, semi-annually, or annually over the loan term. If the company takes out a term loan of 10 million for 7 years at an interest rate of 10%, the payment schedule for the loan will be as follows: Payment = 10,000,000 x (0.10/12) x (1+0.10/12)^(12x7)/(1+0.10/12)^(12x7)- [10,000,000/84]Payment = $181,592.92The payment schedule for the term loan will be as follows:| Year | Payment | Principal | Interest | Balance ||------|----------|-----------|----------|------------|| 1 | 181,592.92 | 1,359,718.74 | 821,874.18 | 8,640,281.26 || 2 | 181,592.92 | 1,464,355.47 | 717,237.45 | 7,175,925.79 || 3 | 181,592.92 | 1,574,969.19 | 606,623.73 | 5,600,956.60 || 4 | 181,592.92 | 1,691,999.70 | 489,593.22 | 3,908,956.90 || 5 | 181,592.92 | 1,815,921.41 | 365,671.52 | 2,093,035.49 || 6 | 181,592.92 | 1,947,233.27 | 234,359.66 | 0 || 7 | 1,947,233.27 | 1,947,233.27 | 0 | 0 |Bond payment schedule:When a company issues bonds, it is required to make interest payments to the bondholders at a predetermined rate and principal payment at maturity. If the company issues bonds to raise 10 million for 7 years at an interest rate of 10%, the payment schedule for the bond will be as follows:Payment = 10,000,000 x 0.10Payment = $1,000,000The payment schedule for the bond will be as follows:| Year | Payment | Principal | Interest | Balance ||------|----------|-----------|----------|------------|| 1 | 1,000,000 | 0 | 1,000,000 | 10,000,000 || 2 | 1,000,000 | 0 | 1,000,000 | 10,000,000 || 3 | 1,000,000 | 0 | 1,000,000 | 10,000,000 || 4 | 1,000,000 | 0 | 1,000,000 | 10,000,000 || 5 | 1,000,000 | 0 | 1,000,000 | 10,000,000 || 6 | 1,000,000 | 0 | 1,000,000 | 10,000,000 || 7 | 11,000,000 | 10,000,000 | 1,000,000 | 0 |As shown in the payment schedules, term loans require regular payments of principal and interest, while bonds require interest payments throughout the life of the bond and a principal payment at maturity. The choice of instrument depends on the company's specific needs and financial situation.
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List every the accounting journal entries from
sales process in sales and development, thus
explain each listed entries. (SAP)
In the SAP sales process, accounting journal entries are created as sales transactions take place. Accounting entries are made to record the revenue and expenses associated with sales transactions. The following are the accounting journal entries that arise from the sales process in SAP: Accounts Receivable and Sales Revenue The first entry made in the accounting system is when a sales transaction takes place, and the company records the total amount of revenue earned in exchange for goods or services. The total revenue recorded in the journal entry is equal to the sum of all sales invoices issued during a particular period.
The entry for sales revenue is: Debit: Accounts Receivable Credit: Sales Revenue Inventory and Cost of Goods Sold Another accounting journal entry is created when goods are sold from inventory. The entry records the reduction of inventory and the cost of the goods sold during a particular period.
The entry for Cost of Goods Sold is: Debit: Cost of Goods Sold Credit: Inventory Accounts Receivable and Payment Received Another accounting journal entry occurs when a customer pays for the goods or services they have received. This entry records the decrease in the company's accounts receivable account and the increase in the cash account.
The entry for a payment received is Debit: Cash Credit: Accounts Receivable Accounts Receivable and Bad Debt Expense Sometimes, a company is unable to collect on its accounts receivable, resulting in bad debt. Bad debt is an expense that is recorded in the period in which it occurs. An entry is made to reduce the amount of the company's accounts receivable account and to record the expense of bad debt. The entry for bad debt expense is: Debit: Bad Debt Expense Credit: Accounts Receivable.
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Suppose a coffee's price is $5, and the marginal cost for each coffee shop is given by MC= Q. Moreover, suppose that 1 million coffees are sold.
How many coffee shops will exist in the long run?
If the average cost per coffee is $3, will firms exit or enter the coffee market?
What is the average cost per coffee in the long run?
Given a coffee price of $5 and the marginal cost for each coffee shop is given by MC = Q. Suppose that 1 million coffees are sold. If the average cost per coffee is $3, then the firms will exit the coffee market since the average cost is greater than the price of a coffee.
For firms to continue operating and be profitable, the average cost per coffee must be less than the price of a coffee. Since the average cost per coffee is $3 and the price of a coffee is $5, then the firms will exit the coffee market.In the long run, the average cost per coffee in the coffee market will decrease.
This is because when firms exit the market, the supply of coffee decreases, resulting in an increase in the price of coffee. With a higher coffee price, the firms still operating in the coffee market will make more profits, and new firms will enter the coffee market.
As a result, the supply of coffee increases, which results in a decrease in the coffee price. The cycle continues, leading to a decrease in the average cost per coffee.
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A sporting goods manufacturer has decided to expand into a related business Management estimates that to build and staff a facility of the desired size and to attain capacity operations would cost $78
The estimated cost for a sporting goods manufacturer to expand into a related business by building and staffing a facility of the desired size and capacity operations ranges from $78 million to $150 million.
A sporting goods manufacturer's decision to expand into a related business by building and staffing a facility of the desired size and capacity operations would incur estimated costs ranging from $78 million to $150 million.
This cost estimate takes into account various factors involved in establishing and running a facility. Firstly, the construction expenses would encompass the costs of acquiring land, designing and building the facility, obtaining necessary permits, and installing required infrastructure such as utilities, security systems, and equipment.
Additionally, the staffing costs would include hiring and training employees for various roles, such as management, production, sales, marketing, and administrative positions. The number of staff members required would depend on the scale of operations and the range of products or services offered.
Other expenses to consider would be related to purchasing manufacturing equipment, raw materials, inventory, and implementing quality control systems. Marketing and advertising expenses to promote the new business venture would also be included in the estimated costs.
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Problem 4 * A late penalty of 10% will apply to new answers. Intro You find the following quotation for a stock Stock Div Yld% (ticker) AAPL 2.92 1.56 High Last Change PE (ttm) 18.17 (tt) Low Volume (ttm) (100) 187.13 32,68 217.39 203.46 3.03 Attempt 1/10 for 9 pts Part 1 What was the most recent stock price? O+ decimals Submit Attempt 1/10 for 9 pts. Part 2 What was the close price on the day before the one reported in the table?
Part 1: To determine the most recent stock price, we look at the "Last" column in the table, which shows the latest reported stock price. According to the information given, the most recent stock price is $217.39.
Part 2: To find the close price on the day before the one reported in the table, we need to look at the "Last Change" column. The "Last Change" column provides the change in price from the previous day's closing price.
In this case, the change reported is 3.03. To find the previous day's closing price, we subtract this change from the most recent stock price:
Previous day's close = Most recent stock price - Last Change
= $217.39 - 3.03
= $214.36
Therefore, the close price on the day before the one reported in the table is $214.36.
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If the cash rate is increased by the Reserve Bank of Australia, how the foreign exchange rate of AUD/USD may change? Is this change likely to be favoured by domestic business or consumers in Australia?
If the cash rate is increased by the Reserve Bank of Australia, the foreign exchange rate of AUD/USD is likely to appreciate, meaning the AUD would strengthen against the USD.
When the Reserve Bank of Australia increases the cash rate, it signals a tightening of monetary policy. A higher cash rate makes borrowing more expensive, reducing the money supply and potentially curbing inflation. This increase in interest rates can attract foreign investors seeking higher returns on their investments.
The appreciation of the AUD/USD exchange rate means that one Australian dollar (AUD) would be able to buy more US dollars (USD). This occurs because higher interest rates make holding AUD more attractive, increasing the demand for AUD and driving up its value relative to the USD.
Regarding the impact on domestic business and consumers in Australia, the change in the exchange rate may have mixed effects. Domestic businesses that rely on exports may face challenges as their products become relatively more expensive for foreign buyers. However, for consumers in Australia, a stronger AUD can be favorable as it makes imported goods relatively cheaper, potentially leading to lower prices for imported products.
It is important to note that the actual impact can vary depending on several factors, such as the magnitude of the rate increase, market expectations, and other global economic conditions.
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