write structures and give systematic names for all alkynes with molecular formula c5h8. 17) name (ch3)2c(ch2ch3)c cch(ch3)2. 18) name brch2ch2c cch2ch3. 19) name the following compound:

Test Tube 1: DNA from E. coli cells grown in 14N

Test Tube 2: DNA containing one strand of 15N-DNA and one strand of 14N-DNA

Test Tube 3: DNA from E. coli cells grown in 15N

Test Tube 4: A 1:1 mixture of DNA from cells grown in 14N and cells grown in 15N

Test Tube 5: A 1:1 mixture of DNA from cells grown in 14N and 15N, heated (to disrupt hydrogen bonds) and cooled (to allow reannealing)

Meselson and Strahl had used CsCl gradient centrifugation to demonstrate the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication. In a CsCl density gradient centrifugation, from a pool of light heavy and intermediate-size DNA, the heaviest one would go and settle towards the bottom of the test tube.

While the lightest one would be at the top and the intermediate one would find a place in between the heavy and the lighter one. If the DNA is labeled only with 15N then the DNA is heavier in size and the DNA would settle towards the bottom of the tube during density gradient centrifugation.

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The amount of heat needed to melt of solid acetic acid is 32.4 kJ.

Given temperatures are

Heat capacity for acetic acid = 2.06 J/g* °C

The melting point of acetic acid = 16.64 °C

Enthalpy of fusion for acetic acid = 11.73 kJ/mol

Number of moles of acetic acid = 124 g/(60.05 g/mol) = 2.064946 mol

1. Conversion of solid acetic acid at 16.64 °C to liquid acetic acid at 16.64 °C

q1 =m*ΔHf = 2.064946 mol * 11.73 kJ/mol = 24.22182 kJ

2. Conversion of liquid acetic acid at 16.64 °C to gas at 48.7 °C

q2 = m*C*ΔT = 124 g* 2.06 J/g* °C * (48.7 – 16.64 ) °C = 8189.406 J = 8.189406 kJ

Total heat energy required = q1 + q2

= 24.22182 + 8.189406 = 32.41122 kJ

The heat energy required = 32.4 kJ.

The inlet temperature to the heat exchanger at B will be T1. And the output of the heat exchanger coming out at D is T2. The cooling water entering the heat exchanger heats up as it passes through the heat exchanger. q is the amount of heat transferred to the system used to represent the change in enthalpy. Enthalpy is the total potential energy of a system associated with heat transferred to and from the system.

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Water is added to an alkene during an acid-catalyzed hydration reaction to create alcohol: A sequential mechanism for the reaction begins with the protonation of the double bond.

Alcohol is produced when alkenes are hydrated with acid in accordance with Markownikoff's rule. Alkenes can also be converted into alcohols by the processes of hydroboration oxidation and oxy-mercuration-de-mercuration.

Water adds to alkenes only in the presence of an acid catalyst, resulting in the production of alcohol. However, there are two significant drawbacks to the acid-catalyzed hydration: Arrangements may change. Regioselectivity is unpredictable.

Hydration is the process of adding water to alkenes on a net basis. The pi bond in the alkene and the OH bond in the water are broken as a result, and a C-H bond and a C-OH bond are formed. Typically, the reaction is exothermic by 10 to 15 kcal/mol1, although the entropy change is between -35 and -40.

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The product formed will be ethanol (ethyl alcohol) when water is reacted with ethene in the presence of a catalytic amount of concentrated sulfuric acid

A catalyst is a substance that, without being consumed by the reaction, speeds up a chemical reaction or reduces the temperature or pressure required to initiate one.

Ethyl alcohol is produced when ethene gas reacts with water through hydration. This ethyl alcohol undergoes dehydration to generate ethene once more when it interacts with sulfuric acid.

The reaction will be as follows:

CH_{2} = CH_{2} (l) + H_{2} O (l) → CH_{3} CH_{2} OH (aq)

CH_{3} CH_{2} OH → CH_{2} = CH_{2} + H_{2} O

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The longest wavelength of light that will break the diiodine bond is 803 nm.

What is bond strength?

In chemistry, the strength with which a chemical bond keeps two atoms together is known as bond strength. This is typically represented in terms of the energy needed in kilocalories per mole to break the bond.

wavelength(λ ) = h c/ E

where h= Plank's constant

           c = velocity of light

           E = Energy ( here it is bond strength)

  Energy required to break one double bond of Iodine (E) =  149× 1000 /(6.02214076 × 10^23) = 2.474 * 10 ^ -19 J

  λ  = (6.62607015 × 10^-34 m2 kg / s × 3 × 10^8 m/s) /  (2.474 * 10 ^ -19 J)

           λ =8.03484658 × 10^ -7

            λ = 803× 10^ -9 m

             λ = 803 nm

Hence, the longest wavelength of light that will break the diiodine bond is 803 nm.

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The molar concentration of Cu2 in diluted solution would be 0.25M

What is molar concentration?
Molar concentration, also known as molarity, amount concentration, or substance concentration, is a unit used to describe the amount of a substance in a solution expressed as a percentage of its volume. The number of moles per litre, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L as well as mol/dm3 in SI units, is the most widely used unit for molarity in chemistry. One mol/L of a solution's concentration is referred to as one molar, or 1 M.

How it can be solved ?
Molar concentration is the most effective way of describing a solute concentration in a solution. Molarity is described as the total number of moles of solute dissolved in per liter of solution M = mol/L.

Before dilution

Volume of solution = 15 ml

Cu2+ concentration = 0.45 ml

After dilution

Volume of solution = 26 ml

Cu2+ concentration = M2

M1V1 = M2V2

M2 = M1V1 / V2

M2 = O.45 X 15 / 26

M2 = 0.25 M

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Step 1: Conversion of the alcohol to the tosylate

Reaction of the alcohol via the tosylate occurs in only one inversion and the product stereochemistry has the opposite stereochemistry to that of the starting alcohol compound.

Step 2: Commercial Synthesis of (S)-Ibuprofen

Under certain conditions, reactions are known to have OH as a bad leaving group. p-TosCl is an excellent leaving group and the reaction of alcohols with toluenesulfonate occurs rapidly under these conditions. This gives the desired product with the configuration reversed at the chiral carbon.

Synthesis of (S)-ibuprofen is shown in the attached figure.

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Arrangement from lowest to highest entropy will be CuO (s) < H₂O (l) < H₂O₂ (l) < H₂O (g)

The dispersed energy of any system is called the entropy of the system. In simple words, this energy cannot be used to perform any activity. As we know that the highest degree of randomness is present in gasses because gas molecules move in the system in a random manner. The degree of randomness is slightly lower in liquids than in gasses because liquid molecules have different forces like hydrogen bonding dipole forces etc. These forces maintain the degree of randomness. In solid substances, the molecules remain in a fixed position so the degree of randomness is almost zero.

So among the given molecules, H₂O has the highest entropy and CuO has the lowest. if Two molecules have the same phase then we will decide according to the molecular formula.

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The empirical formula of the compound is  [tex]CH_{2} O[/tex] while the molecular formula is [tex]C_{2}H_{4} O_{2}[/tex]

There are several formulas that a compound can have and these formulas that a compound can have include;

a) Molecular formula

b) Empirical formula

c) Structural formula

The empirical formula is the simplest formula that a compound can have. This formula shows the ratio of the toms that are found in the compound has we can see it. Let us now obtain the empirical formula.

Dividing each term by the relative atomic mass we have;

Percentage of oxygen = (100 - (6.67 + 40)) = 53.33%

C -  40/12    H - 6.67/1     O - 53.33/16

Dividing through by the lowest ratio;

C - 3.33/3.33     H - 6.67/3.33        O - 3.33/3.33

C - 1                   H - 2                       O - 1

The empirical formula is [tex]CH_{2} O[/tex]

The molecular formula is obtained from;

[12 + 2 + 16]n = 60

n =2

The molecular formula is;

[tex]C_{2}H_{4} O_{2}[/tex]

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According to Orwell president Truman says that the bomb is incredibly expensive, and only three or four countries in the world are able to produce it due to the massive industrial effort required.

Truman said that the only factor in his decision to drop the bomb was the military. It is believed that a Normandy-style amphibious landing would have resulted in one million fatalities. Truman thought the bombs also helped save Japanese lives. The President had no intention of extending the conflict. American lives had already been lost as a result of more than 3,500 Japanese kamikaze raids. But he didn't anticipated the effect of bomb on human's.

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To learn isotope and atomic number.

What is isotope?

Atoms that contain variable numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons are called isotopes. Despite having almost equal chemical properties, they have different masses, which affects their physical characteristics.

What is atomic number?

The number assigned to a chemical element according to its atomic number in the periodic system, which places the elements in ascending order of the number of protons in their nuclei. As a result, the atomic number is also determined by the number of protons in the neutral atom, which is always equal to the number of electrons.

Since the number of protons in each of these isotopes is the same, potassium-39 has one fewer neutron than potassium-40 and two fewer than potassium-41. In a similar vein, potassium 40 has one fewer neutron than potassium 41.

Therefore,  potassium 40 has one fewer neutron than potassium 41.

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The half-life of calcium-48 is 43 years it take a 44 mg sample to decay to a mass of 11 mg 86 years

Half life is the interval of time required for one-half of the atomic nuclei of a radioactive sample to decay

Here given data is

t1/2 = 43 year

N₀ = 44mg

Nt =  11 mg

t = ?

So the formula is

Nt = N₀ (1/2)t/t1/2

11 mg = 44mg(1/2)t/43

11 mg/ 44mg = (1/2)t/43

log (0.25) = t/43 log (1/2)

t = 43 log (0.25)/log 0.5

t = 86 years

86 years will it take a 44 mg sample to decay to a mass of 11 mg

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At the part of the day would there be the highest concentration of 4-c acids in cam plants is in the morning.

The CAM plants are the plants which can fix the carbon dioxide by the cam pathways. succulents plant are the cam plants.  which are able to survive in a dry condition and at high temperatures.  in these type of the the stomata open in the night and closes at the day time. at night cam plant fixes the carbon dioxide  and uses it in the day time.

Thus, At the part of the day would there be the highest concentration of 4-c acids in cam plants is in the morning.

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The products are AgI and NH4ClO4.

Moreover, Iodide of Pb2+, Ag+ and Hg22+ are insoluble. So, AgI is not soluble Ammonium Salts are soluble. So, NH4ClO4 is soluble.

AgClO4(aq) + NH4I(aq) -> AgI(s) + NH4ClO4(aq)

Ag+(aq) + I-(aq) -> AgI(s)

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When samples ca(oh)2 is titrated with HCL, then the concentration of ca(oh)2 is calculated as 0.09M.

In chemistry, neutralization is a chemical reaction in which acid and base react with each other.  During reaction in water, neutralization results in no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in the solution.

The neutralization of acid and base to identify the strength can be given as:

M1V1= M2V2

Substituting the strength and the volume of calcium hydroxide and the HCl with the volume:

0.030 * 38.1 =  M2 * 25

M2 = 1.143/25

=0.045 M

The strength of the calcium hydroxide in the reaction is 0.045 M.

One molar unit of calcium hydroxide gives 2 molar units of hydroxide;

Therefore, molar unit of hydroxide in 0.045 M calcium hydroxide is:

2 * 0.045 = 0.09 M

The concentration of hydroxide ion in the titration is  0.09M.

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The following are the combustion and the balance reactions are :

The balanced equation is the one which the number of atoms in the reactants is equal to the same as they present product .

1) C₂H₁₂   +  O₂   ----->   CO₂   +  H₂O

the  number of atoms in reactants is not same as the in product. multiply          

                        reactants   product

C                           2                  1

H                           12                 2

O                           2                   3

to balance the equation multiply the 5 in  O₂  , 2 in  CO₂, 6 in   H₂O.

                    reactants   product

C                           2                  2

H                           12                 12

O                           10                  10

the equation now is balanced.

Thus, The following are the combustion and the balance reactions are :

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The mole percent of Ne in the mixture is 64.8%.

The mass of glass vessel with stopcock is 337.425 g.

The mass of glass vessel with stopcock and Ar is 339.856 g.

The mass of Ar is 339.856 g-337.425 g=2.431 g

The atomic eight of Ar is 39.948 g/mol

What will the number of moles of Ar be?

{2.431 g}{39.948 g/mol}=0.06085mol

The mass of glass vessel with stopcock is 337.425 g.

The mass of glass vessel with stopcock and mixture of Ne and Ar is  339.077 g.

The mass of mixture of Ne and Ar is 339.077g-337.425g=1.652 \ g

Since the conditions of temperature and pressure are same, and the volume is also same (same glass vessel is used), the number of moles of only Ar and mixture Ar+Ne will also be same

The number of moles of mixture of Ne and Ar = 0.06085.

Let x moles of Ne are present. 0.06085-x moles of Ar will be present

The atomic weight of Ne is 20.18 g/mol

Mass of Ne is 20.18x g. The mass of Ar is

39.948 (0.06085-x) g =(2.431-39.948x) g

Total mass of the mixture is 20.18x \ g+(2.431-39.948x) g =( 2.431-19.768x) g

But total mass of mixture is 1.652 g

1.652g =( 2.431-19.768 x)g

19.768x = 2.431-1.652

19.768x =0.779

x =0.0394

Hence, the mole percent of Ne in the mixture is 100 x=64.8\%.

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Answer: the rock changes color because of the temputure and stays the same because its still a rock...

Explanation:

The temperature at which the xenon gas will have a volume of 3.38 litres is calculated to be 257.1 K.

Charles' law, which states that, provided the pressure is constant, the volume occupied by a particular quantity of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. According to the law, volume increases with increasing temperature and decreases with decreasing temperature, applies when pressure is constant. The relationship equation for the Charles's law can be written as-

[tex]V_{i}[/tex]/[tex]T_{i}[/tex]= [tex]V_{f}[/tex]/[tex]T_{f}[/tex]

where,

[tex]V_{i}[/tex] = initial volume

[tex]T_{i}[/tex] = initial absolute temperature

[tex]V_{f}[/tex] = final volume

[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = final absolute temperature

According to the given question,

[tex]V_{i}[/tex] = 6.56 litres, [tex]T_{i}[/tex] = 499 Kelvin, [tex]V_{f}[/tex] = 3.38 litres, [tex]T_{f}[/tex] = ?

The temperature is given in Kelvin so we can put it as it is. So, on applying the given values in the formula:

6.56 / 499 = 3.38 / [tex]T_{f}[/tex]

Now, for final temperature we can rearrange the equation to get-

[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = (3.38 × 499) / 6.56

[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = 257.1 K

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The element Mendelevium has 157 neutrons in its nucleus and is named after Dmitri Mendeleev who made the first periodic table.

Mendelevium can be described as a synthetic element with the chemical symbol Md and atomic number 101. It is placed as a metallic radioactive transuranium element in the actinide series.  This element is the first element by an atomic number that currently cannot be generated in macroscopic amounts by neutron bombardment of lighter elements.

The atomic mass of this element is 258 so it has 157 neutrons in its nucleus. The most stable is Md -258 with a half-life of 51 days, however, the shorter-lived Md-256 (half-life of 1.17 hours).

Mendelevium was discovered by bombarding alpha particles in 1955 and was named after Dmitri Mendeleev, father of the periodic table of chemical elements.

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It will form the following: mRNA sequence will be 3' AUG CCA GGG UCG AAU UUC GAA UAG GCC CA 5'.

What is mRNA sequence?

High-throughput sequencing methods are used in RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to reveal the transcriptome of a cell. Compared to prior Sanger sequencing- and microarray-based techniques, RNA-Seq provides far greater coverage and better resolution of the dynamic dynamics of the transcriptome. In addition to allowing for the quantification of gene expression, RNA-Seq data also allows for the identification of novel transcripts, the recognition of alternatively spliced genes, and the detection of allele-specific expression.

Recent advancements in the RNA-Seq approach, which entails sample preparation, library building, and data analysis, have allowed researchers to better comprehend the functional complexity of the transcription. In addition to polyadenylated messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, total RNA, pre-mRNA, and noncoding RNA, including microRNA and long ncRNA, can all be explored using RNA-Seq.

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Mse 2001 which of these monomers could be used for a free radical, chain growth polymerization have reactive carbon carbon double bond

The monomers like alkenes or dienes undergo polymerization in the presence of free radicles and benzoyl peroxide form a free radicle and thereby it act as initiator for free radicle chain growth polymerization and it used one of the pi bond electron to form a stable bond with another carbon atom and other electron return to the second carbon atom and turning the whole molecule into radicle and after initiation the chain propagates until no monomer is left or termination start

Only monomers having anion stabilizing substituent such as phenyl cyano or carbonyl are good substrate for this polymerization technique

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Answer:

Oxygen is the limiting reagent.

Explanation:

First you must make a chemical equation. Then you will do a mole bridge from the moles of each given substance to a product, you can find how much product each will create. The reactant that creates the least is the limiting reagent. I hope this helps!

A lot of acids have two or more ionizable hydrogens. In phosphoric acid H3PO4, there are three, and there are two in carbonic acid H2CO3.

A substance that can contribute more than one proton is called polyprotic acid. Two different types of polyprotic acid—diprotic and triprotic—can each donate two or three protons.

Polyprotic acids have different dissociation constants, such as Ka1, Ka2, Ka3, and equivalence points, depending on how frequently dissociation occurs.

Take sulfuric acid as an example of a diprotic polyprotic acid (H2SO4). The sequential deprotonation of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) results in the production of HSO4- and SO42-, respectively.

Take sulfuric acid as an example of a diprotic polyprotic acid (H2SO3). To create HSO3-, sulfuric acid (H2SO3) is sequentially deprotonated.

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Answer:

Having difficulties !!! screen shotted it :)

16. H20 - Covalent

17. Mn(NO2)2 - Ionic and called Manganese(II) nitrate

18. HgO - Ionic

19. Li3N - Covalent

The dissociation reaction of sodium acetate in water is:

CH3COONa + H2O ⇒ CH3COOH + NaOH

A dissociation reaction can be defined as a chemical reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more compounds. This reaction occurs reversibly when molecules differentiate or decompose into smaller particles such as atoms, ions and radicals. A dissociation reaction can be recognized when there is only one reactant and multiple products.

The general formula of dissociation reaction is:

AB→A+B

When dissociation reactions occur in water, the polarity of water dissolves ionic compounds in the water. The cations of compounds are attracted to the negative poles of water molecules, and the negative ions of compounds are attracted to the positive poles of water molecules.

Question mentions sodium acetate as a compound that reacts with water molecules in a dissociative reaction. When sodium acetate (or ) dissolves in water, it decomposes to form two different types of ions - CH3COO- and Na+ and ; On the other hand, water molecules dissociate into ions. It then reacts with a weak acid, acetic acid ( CH3COOH), which in turn reacts to form a strong base, sodium hydroxide ( NaOH), making the solution alkaline.

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The number of protons in the nucleus that determines the chemical properties of an atom.

What is proton ?

A proton is a stable subatomic particle with the symbol p, H+ or 1H+ and a positive charge of +1 e elementary charge. Its mass is slightly less than that of a neutron, 1836 times that of an electron (proton-to-electron mass ratio). Protons and neutrons, each with about one atomic mass unit, are collectively called "nucleons" (particles present in the nucleus).

All atoms have one or more protons in their nucleus. They ensure an electrostatic central force of attraction that binds atomic electrons together. The number of protons in the nucleus is the defining property of an element and is called the atomic number (denoted by the symbol Z). Since each element has a unique number of protons, each element has a unique atomic number, which determines the number of atomic electrons and, consequently, the chemical properties of the element.

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Answer:

C.

Explanation:

From the periodic table: Cl has a -1 charge while Ca has a +2

This means that 2 Cl required to make a neutral compound with Ca (ideal)

Taq polymerase can withstand the high temperatures involved in PCR reactions.

A DNA polymerase belongs to a group of enzymes that catalyzing the synthesis of Target dna from nucleoside triphosphates, which are the basic building blocks of DNA. These enzymes, which are necessary for DNA replication, typically function in groups to split a single dna Template duplex into two identical DNA duplexes.

Definition. All living things have DNA polymerase, a particular sort of enzyme. DNA replication and DNA repair and maintenance are its two main goals. The enzyme is essential for passing on genetic information from one generation to the next.

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The IUPAC name of the polyfunctional compound OH 6 -ethyl-5-methyl-7-octen-4-ol is 5-ethyl-6-methyloct-7-en-4-ol.

The given compound is OH 6-ethyl-5-methyl-7-octen-4-ol

 According to the IUPAC rule,

In the given molecule, OH-group is the highest priority group and therefore, numbering starts from the C-atom where OH-attached to the least C-atom number.

The given compound contains 8 C-atom in the longest C-chain in which the hydroxyl group (OH) is attached to the 4th C-atom and alkene functional group is attached to 8th position of the parent chain. The ethyl substituent is attached to the 5th C-atom while methyl substituent is attached to the 6th C-atom of the parent chain.

Therefore, the IUPAC name of the given compound is 5-ethyl-6-methyloct-7-en-4-ol.

What does IUPAC mean?

IUPAC is an abbreviation for Global Association of Unadulterated and Applied Science. The IUPAC is the perceived expert for synthetic guidelines of terminology, estimations, and nuclear mass qualities, setting the norms of nuclear loads that show up on the periodic table.

Also Known As: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

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