5. Through which layer(s) does light energy travel to reach the palisade mesophyll?
The layer(s) that light energy travel to reach the palisade mesophyll is through the upper cuticle and upper epidermis.
How does a palisade cell get light energy?Palisade cells have the most chloroplasts per cell, making them the main source of photosynthesis in the leaves of plants that have them. This increases energy production by turning light energy into the chemical energy of carbohydrates.
To reach the palisade cells of the palisade mesophyll layer, sunlight must pass through the cuticle and higher epidermis.
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Mission: Describe the form of movement occurring in the examples provided below, by filling in the axis of rotation in relation to the plane of movement.
a. Twirl 360o turn
Axis of Rotation – Longitudinal Axis
Plane of movement – Transverse Plane
b. Forward Step (walking and running)
Axis of Rotation – Transverse Axis
Plane of movement – Sagittal Plane
c. Jumping Rope
Axis of Rotation – Transverse Axis
Plane of movement – Sagittal Plane
d. Jump Shot (Basketball)
Axis of Rotation – Longitudinal Axis
Plane of movement – Transverse Plane
e. Somersault
Axis of Rotation – Transverse Axis
Plane of movement – Sagittal Plane
What is Axis of Rotation?Axis of rotation is an imaginary line that passes through a rotating body and around which the body rotates. It is a fixed line that remains in the same direction and orientation even as the body rotates. The axis of rotation can be thought of as an imaginary pole that the body is spinning around, and it can be used to describe the orientation of an object, or the way it is moving. It is an important concept in physics and mathematics, as it is used to calculate the angular momentum of an object, the rotational energy of an object, and the angular velocity of an object.
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Select from the following organ systems: respiratory, integumentary, and circulatory.
Explain how the elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus (EEHV) disrupts homeostasis in the African elephant.
The pathogenic microorganism; elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus (EEHV) is able to disrupts homeostasis in the African elephant by weakening the endocrine glands which release their secretion to fight the virus.
What is meant by homeostasis?Homeostasis simply refers to the maintenance of a steady internal environment of an organism. The hormonal system in living organisms is controlled by the endocrine glands. With regards to the task given above, the herpes virus in elephants affects the endocrine system hindering the gland from performing its function.
So therefore, we can now confirm from the explanation given above that viruses are infectious agents which causes diseases to plants and animals.
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Compare the different types of stem cells
Answer:
Explanation:
Types of Adult Stem Cells:
Hematopoietic Stem Cells (Blood Stem Cells)
Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
Neural Stem Cells.
Epithelial Stem Cells.
Skin Stem Cells.
As lactic acid and other substances accumulate in an active muscle, they stimulate pain receptors, and the muscle may feel sore. How might the application of heat or substances that dilate blood vessels help relieve such soreness?
Answer: increase the pain
Explanation:
1. ________ involve areas of the intestine wherein one segment contracts while an adjacent segment relaxes, in an alternating fashion. This activity results in ________________.Group of answer choicesO Segmental contractions, predominantly pushing a bolus forwardO Peristaltic contractions, predominantly mixingO Segmental contractions, predominantly mixingO Peristaltic contractions, predominantly pushing a bolus forward
Segmental contractions affect regions of the intestine where, alternately, one segment contracts and the next segment relaxes. Mixing predominantly occurs as a result of this process.
What is the phrase for the digestive tract's alternating waves of contraction and relaxation?Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that help food pass through the digestive system. Strong waves of smooth muscle in the esophagus start the process by moving balls of food that have been swallowed to the stomach.
Where on the stomach does the small intestine connect?The portion of the stomach that joins the duodenum is known as the pylorus. The pyloric antrum, which links to the stomach's body, divides it into two sections. the duodenum and the pyloric canal, which joins them.
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Need help due tomorrow
Independent variable: Time
Dependent variable: Temperature of water in thermos
Best thermos: Bottle A, because it kept the water hot for the longest amount of time, had a very slow temperature decline over the time period whereas other thermos water temperatures dropped alot.
Least Effective Thermos: Bottle D, lots temperature the quickest at the fastest rate, lost the most heat over the entire time of the experiment between the 4 thermos tested.
In a garden with trees and shrubs, green and pink katydids were observed. Over time, birds started feeding on the katydids. Which two statements describe what will eventually happen to the population of the katydids?
The population of pink katydids will decrease.
The population of green katydids will decrease.
The population of green katydids will increase.
The population of pink katydids will increase.
The population of both pink and green katydids will be equal.
Answer:
The population of pink katydids will decrease.
The population of green katydids will increase.
Explanation:
Two statements describe what will eventually happen to the population of the katydids: the population of pink katydids will decrease and the population of green katydids will increase; those are the first and third options.
What is the population of katydids and the rate of natural selection?The two statements that describe what will eventually happen to the population of katydids are based on the process of natural selection, which is the mechanism by which populations of organisms evolve over time. In this scenario, the introduction of bird predation is a selective pressure on the katydid population, as birds are more likely to eat certain colors of katydids depending on how well they blend in with their environment. f green katydids are better camouflaged and harder to see by the birds, then they will have a higher chance of survival and reproduction. As a result, the population of green katydids will increase over time as those with the green coloration are selected for.
Hence, statements describe what will eventually happen to the population of the katydids: the population of pink katydids will decrease and the population of green katydids will increase; those are the first and third options.
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the root tip cells of an onion plant have 8 pairs of chromosomes. which of the following correctly describes the number of chromosomes in an onion root tip cell at a specific stage of the cell cycle?
Each of the cells in the onion root tip has 16 chromosomes.
At the S phase, how many chromosomes will the onion root tip cell have?
There are 16 chromosomes in each onion root tip cell, which is a given. As a result, the cell will contain 16 chromosomes in G1, after S, and after the M phases. Moreover, if the DNA content is 2C following the M phase.
How many genes are there on chromosome 8?700 genes Genetic research is currently focused on discovering the genes present on each chromosome. The estimated number of genes varies because scientists employ several strategies to determine the number of genes on each chromosome. There are around 700 genes on chromosome 8 that give instructions on how to make proteins.
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what are the three reasons cells stay small
Answer:
I'll help you
Explanation:
1. We can see them in a microscope.
2. They can reproduce quick.
3. They can fit in our bodies.
Lipitor, Mevacor, Pravachol, Lescol, Baycol, and Zocor decrease the:a. blood homocysteine level.b. blood triglyceride level.c. cholesterol removal in the liver.d. high-density lipoprotein level.Answer: b. blood triglyceride level.
Lipitor, Mevacor, Pravachol, Lescol, Baycol, and Zocor decrease the b. blood triglyceride level.
How can statins lessen the risk of heart attacks?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), commonly referred to as "bad" cholesterol, is reduced by statins. According to Blaha, they stabilise plaque by drawing cholesterol out of it.
Statins: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels are the goals of cholesterol-lowering drugs like Lipitor. These prescription medications reduce the body's ability to utilise magnesium by binding to lipids required for mineral absorption.
Five recent randomised controlled studies have shown that statin therapy not only does not lower coronary calcium, but that the development of coronary calcium as measured by CT scanning is identical to placebo therapy.
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Why are enzymes necessary for biological process
Answer:
they catalyse biological processes
Explanation:
many metabolic processes okay very slowly on their own. enzymes enable the metabolic reactions to take place faster and this support survival
An example of a Keystone species is a root-associated fungus that conifer trees need in order to survive and also supplies food for rodents.a. Trueb. False
True, A Keystone species is an illustration of a species that is essential for the survival of conifer trees and provides food for rodents.
Describe a keystone species by giving an example.A complex web of interrelationships in an ecosystem is held together by keystone species. Animals, plants, or microorganisms are all examples of them. The sea otter, elephant, wolf, and starfish are a few examples of keystone species.
What defines a keystone species as its primary attribute?Being able to perform a crucial ecological function that no other species can is one of a keystone species' defining traits. A whole ecosystem would undergo drastic change without its species diversity, or it would even vanish completely.
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predict the effects on plants if the red sky phenomenon occurs for a long period and give the reason why
Answer:
some plants may turn to the red colour
Explanation:
this is because the chlorophyll gets adopted to the red environment
"Bb" is an example of a ________ genotype
Question 9 options:
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Answer: Heterozygous
Explanation:
Homozygous refers to having identical alleles. Example: BB or bb
Heterozyguos refers to having inherited different alleles.
Example: bB or Bb
which of the following characterizes the association between testosterone levels and men's levels of sexual appetite?
Sclerosis, a condition where the sperm tubes become less elastic, can occur. Despite a decline in sperm production rate, the testicles still generate sperm.
Some of the surface cells in the prostate, seminal vesicles, and epididymis are lost. But they continue to produce the substance that aids in sperm transport. One of the most prevalent age-related disorders in older men is benign prostatic hyperplasia, which is characterized by an enlarged prostate (BPH). As hormone levels fall, the reproductive system experiences further changes, such as thinner, dryer, less elastic, and sometimes irritated vaginal walls. Because of these vaginal modifications, intercourse can occasionally be unpleasant. You become more susceptible to vaginal yeast infections. The researchers examined four groups, totaling around 800 men between the ages of 20 and 60.To know more about Sclerosis
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Describe the damages asthma has to specific parts of the respiratory system.
Suppose you have a population of 300 butterflies with the gene for color expressed as Oo (O= orange; o= yellow). What is the gene pool for this population?
300
Explanation:
because its total number of butterflies is 300
What looks to preserve the entire web the complete habitat, not just individual species, and that is a better solution is?
Conservation looks to preserve the entire web the complete habitat, not just individual species, and is a better solution.
What is Conservation?This is referred to as the act of protecting Earth's natural resources for current and future generations and the various methods and processes which makes it successful include the following below:
Supporting local and regional projects aimed at tackling biodiversity loss.Recycling of wastesUse of renewable sources of energy and materials.Recycling of wastes ensures that the rate of pollution is reduced to the barest minimum in the ecosystem. The use of renewable sources of energy also reduces carbon emission as a result of the burning of fossil fuel such as coal etc which is therefore the reason why conservation was chosen as the correct choice.
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1) Review your Lab Report. What strengths does your lab report show? Example: “In my introduction, I like how I explained...” Owl Pellet Lab
Replicating or copying a laboratory experiment is simpler. This is due to the implementation of a uniform process. They make independent and auxiliary variables precisely controllable.
What are a lab experiment's advantages?
Because the settings created (and the outcomes obtained) can be reproduced, laboratory experiment results are typically dependable. - With the equipment available in a lab setting, variables may be measured precisely, which may be impossible for tests carried out in the field.
How would you characterise a stellar report?
An honest, straightforward account characterises a good report. It is free of any falsehood, trickery, and filler. It is organised, readable, and direct. It is free of grammatical errors, has titles and subtitles, and is well spaced out.
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skin color is influenced by alleles of several genes as well as exposure to sunlight. Therefore, skin color is best described as a(n) _____ trait.
Sunlight exposure and the alleles of numerous genes all affect skin tone. Skin tone is therefore best characterized as a multifactorial feature.
Multifactorial traits: what are they?Multifactorial traits are those that are impacted by a number of variables, including heredity and environment. Any observable attribute of a living creature, such as a trait like skin color or a propensity for cancer, is referred to as a trait.
What distinguishes polygenic features from multifactorial traits?In contrast to multifactorial traits, polygenic traits are impacted by a number of genes but not by environmental factors. Genes and environment both have an impact on multifactorial traits.
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Please order the following choices to reflect the appropriate sequence of materials used in the Gram staining procedure.
Rank the options below.
safranin
safranin Open choices for matching
No answer 1 2 3 4
Gram’s iodine
Gram’s iodine Open choices for matching
alcohol
alcohol Open choices for matching
crystal violet
1. Crystal violet, 2. Gram's iodine, 3. Alcohol, and 4. Safranin is listed in the proper order to represent the components used in the Gram staining technique.
Applying a base color (crystal violet). adding Gram's iodine as a mordant. Rapid decolorization using acetone, ethanol, or a combination of the two. using safranin as a counterstain.
The outcome of the Gram stain will depend on how thick the smear is utilized. The decolorizing process is the one that has the biggest impact on how the stain will turn out.
There are three steps in the procedure: Crystal violet staining dye is applied to cells. Then, to create a complex between the iodine and the crystal violet, a Gram's iodine solution of iodine & potassium iodide is added.
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Make a punnett square to show the predicted results from a cross between a person who is heterozygous for curly hair and one that is homozygous recessive for that trait. Use the letter H to represent the genotypes.
Answer all of the following questions using the results from your cross. Type in the box below.
What are the possible combinations of alleles?
If a child is homozygous recessive what is his phenotype?
What is the probability of a child with a homozygous recessive trait?
With a heterozygous recessive?
The probability of the child with homozygous recessive trait and heterozygous genotype from a cross between s homozygous recessive parent and a heterozygous parent is 1:2 or 50%.
What is Punnett square?The Punnett square is a square diagram which is used to predict the genotype of a particular cross or a breeding experiment.
Curly hair is considered as a dominant gene hair type while straight hair is considered as recessive allele. The allele for curly hair is represented by "H" and the allele for straight hair is represented by "h".
The Punnett square for the cross between a heterozygous curly hair parent (Hh) and a homozygous recessive parent (hh) is attached with the answer. The possible combinations are represented in the answer.
The probability of a child with a homozygous recessive trait is 1:2 or 50% and the probability of a child with heterozygous child is 1:2 or 50%.
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In formation of the internal ear, select the correct order of developmental structures, from earliest to form to latest.
A : otic pits, otic placodes, otic vesicles
B : otic placodes, otic pits, otic vesicles
C : otic vesicles, otic pits, otic placodes
D : otic pits, otic vesicles, otic placodes
B. otic placodes, otic pits, otic vesicles
Tim observes that as his
The formation of the internal ear is a complex process that involves the development of a variety of structures in a specific order. The correct order of development, from earliest to form to latest, is otic placodes, otic pits, and otic vesicles. So the correct option is B.
Otic placodes first appear during the fourth week of embryonic development. These are small thickenings on the surface of the head that will eventually develop into the inner ear structures. During the fifth week of development, otic pits begin to form, which are small depressions in the otic placodes. These will eventually form the inner ear, including the semicircular canals, cochlea, and vestibule. Finally, during the sixth week of development, the otic vesicles form from the otic pits. These vesicles will become the cochlear duct, vestibular duct, and the utricle and saccule.
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All of the following points about E. coli 0157:H7 are true EXCEPT that
infection can be serious but is not known to cause deaths.
it can be contracted from various foods.
a typical symptom of infection is diarrhea.
it is a bacterial disease.
E. coli 0157:H7 Infection can be serious but is not known to cause deaths
What does E coli O157 H7 do to the body?Humans that consume coli O157:H7 develop a serious intestinal infection. It is the strain that sickens people the most frequently. By producing a strong toxin that destroys the lining of the intestinal wall and results in bloody diarrhea, it can be distinguished from other E. coli.Humans contract E. coli O157:H7 most commonly by eating contaminated foods such raw or undercooked ground beef products and raw milk.Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a well-known pathogen that is frequently consumed through tainted food or water. This drug can cause a wide range of illnesses, from mild hemorrhagic colitis and moderate diarrhea to the potentially fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).To learn more about E. coli 0157:H7 refer,
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Match the below with the correct descriptions
Pores across two plasma membranes
Enzyme that synthesizes Cellulose
Fibril that provides the most tensile strength in animal cells
Cell surface receptor that links the ECM to the Intracellular environment
Fibroblast ECM protein that interacts with cell surface receptors
Cell surface adhesion molecules that hold cells together in a tissue structure
A. Cadherins
B. Ingetrins
C. Collagen
D. Fibronectin
E. Cellulose Synthase Complexes
F. Connexons
The correct description of the characteristics of different components of cells.
Cadherins are molecules that act as cell surface adhesives and hold cells in a tissue structure together. Spanning two plasma membranes, pores.
Cell surface receptors called integrins to connect the ECM to the intracellular environment. An enzyme that produces cellulose.
In animal cells, collagen is the fibril that offers the greatest tensile strength. Animal cells' strongest fibril has the greatest tensile strength.
ECM protein from fibroblasts, known as fibronectin, interacts with cell surface receptors. Cell surface receptors connect the intracellular environment to the ECM.
A complex enzyme called cellulose synthase produces cellulose. ECM protein from fibroblasts that engages cell surface receptors. the
Connexons spanning two plasma membranes, pores. molecules of cell surface adhesion that keep cells in a tissue structure together
Hence, each component of cell has definite role.
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humans can make decisions based on the data that is input through our senses because that data is filtered through .
Different inputs (electromagnetic, mechanical, and chemical) are reacted to by each sense receptor, which then transmits those signals as signals that move along nerve cells to the brain. Following brain processing of the impulses, the signals are translated into immediate behaviors or memories.
What does our brain do to make sense of all the sensory inputs around us?Each sense receptor is capable of responding to a unique input (electromagnetic, mechanical, or chemical) and then conveying that response to the brain in the form of impulses that pass along nerve cells. Following this, the signals are processed in the brain, which ultimately leads to either immediate behaviors or memories.
The brain is responsible for the organization of sensory experience as well as its interpretation to give it meaning. Our sense organs take the physical stimuli that come from the outside world and turn them into a form that the brain can use called action potentials. Only then can the brain make sense of the information it receives from the senses.
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In the chart, which amino acid is specified by the mRNA code CCC?
a alanine
b lysine
c proline
d glycine
the amino acid was glycine by the mRNA code by ccc.
define glycine ?
The amino acid glycine (symbol Gly or G;[6] /lasin/ (listen)[7]) has a single hydrogen atom in its side chain. The chemical formula of this amino acid is NH2CH2COOH, making it the most basic stable amino acid (carbamic acid is unstable). One of the amino acids that is proteinogenic is glycine. All of the codons beginning with GG encode it (GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG). Due to its compact shape, glycine is essential for the creation of alpha-helices in secondary protein structure. It is the most prevalent amino acid in collagen triple helices for the same reason. A Clostridium tetani infection, for example, can interfere with the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine, which can result in spastic paralysis from unchecked muscle contraction.
the amino acid was glycine by the mRNA code by ccc.
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Glycine is specified by the mRNA code CCC.
What are amino acids?
Proteins are made up of substances called amino acids. Proteins and amino acids are the components of life. Amino acids are the by-products of the digestion or breakdown of proteins. Amino acids are used by the human body to create proteins that aid in: Dissect food.
Now that we have read our mRNA transcript and used the provided table, we know the precise order of the amino acids. Methionine, valine, histidine, and leucine are the codons that will be translated into when reading from the five primes to three prime directions.
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HELP IM ON LIMITED TIME!
What makes a hypothesis different from a theory or a law?
Select one:
A hypothesis takes much more time to develop.
A hypothesis can be rejected based on a single experiment.
A hypothesis has more scientific evidence to back it up.
A hypothesis, once determined, is never altered.
Answer:
A hypothesis is different from a theory or a law because a hypothesis can be rejected based on a single experiment.
Explanation:
A hypothesis is different from a theory or a law because a hypothesis can be rejected based on a single experiment. In science, a hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon that can be tested through observation and experimentation. If the evidence from the experiment supports the hypothesis, it may be considered a theory. If the evidence is strong and widely accepted, the hypothesis may become a scientific law. However, if the evidence from the experiment does not support the hypothesis, the hypothesis must be rejected or revised. In contrast, a theory or a law is a well-established explanation for a phenomenon that has been supported by a large body of evidence and is generally accepted as true.
Answer:
A hypothesis can be rejected based on a single experiment.
Explanation:
A hypothesis can be rejected based on a single experiment. This is what sets it apart from a theory or a law.
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon that is based on limited evidence. It is a tentative idea that is put forward to explain a particular phenomenon, and it can be tested through further experimentation and observation. If the hypothesis is supported by the evidence, it may be provisionally accepted as a plausible explanation for the phenomenon. However, if the evidence does not support the hypothesis, it can be rejected.
In contrast, a theory is a well-substantiated explanation for a wide range of phenomena. A theory is supported by a large body of evidence and has been tested and refined through repeated experiments and observations. A theory is considered to be a highly reliable explanation for a phenomenon, but it is not considered to be absolute truth.
A law, on the other hand, is a concise statement that describes a specific pattern or behavior that is observed in the natural world. A law is based on a large body of evidence and has been extensively tested and confirmed. A law is considered to be a fundamental and unchangeable principle of nature.
In summary, a hypothesis is a tentative explanation for a phenomenon that is based on limited evidence, and it can be rejected based on a single experiment. A theory is a well-substantiated explanation for a wide range of phenomena, and a law is a concise statement that describes a specific pattern or behavior in nature.
which of the following alterations to the signaling pathway would lead to increased transcription by the creb protein?
Inhibition of GTP hydrolysis, inhibition of cAMP breakdown will lead to increased transcription by the creb protein.
What is Creb protein?A transcription factor called CREB controls several cellular processes, such as differentiation, proliferation, and survival. A number of growth factors and inflammatory signals can activate CREB, which then regulates the transcription of genes with cAMP-responsive elements.
By adding an acetyl group to histone proteins, the CREB binding protein guarantees that the DNA is prepared for transcription (a process called acetylation). Histones are chromosome-shaping structural proteins that bind DNA.
The stabilization and retrieval of long-term, fear-based memories are aided by the cellular transcription factor CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein). It primarily accomplishes this through the hippocampus and amygdala, where it is expressed.
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