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1) How do valence electrons impact the type of bonds an atom makes?(1 point)
a. A large number of valence electrons means the atom will share electrons; a small number of valence electrons leads to transferring from one atom to another.
b. An atom wants a full outer shell of valence electrons, so it will either transfer or share electrons depending on what the other atom needs.
c. An atom wants an empty outer shell of valence electrons, so it will either transfer or share electrons depending on what the other atom needs.
d. A small number of valence electrons means the atom will share electrons; a large number of valence electrons leads to transferring from one atom to another.

2) Use your knowledge of valence electrons and how they affect bonds to figure out how carbon (Group 14) and oxygen (Group 16) would be attached to one another. In carbon dioxide (CO2), how is the compound structured? (Use “–” to represent a single bond and “=” to represent a double bond.)(1 point)
a. C–O–O
b. C=O–O
c. O=C–O
d. O=C=O

3: Methane’s chemical formula is CH4. Is there a bond between any of the hydrogen atoms? Why or why not?(1 point)
a. Yes, there is because they form a long chain in order to all have stable outer energy shells.
b. No, there is not because it would form H2 instead of methane if hydrogen bonded with itself.
c. No, there is not because carbon needs four bonds, so it bonds with each hydrogen atom; hydrogen only forms one bond.
d. Yes, there is because there are one too many hydrogen atoms for carbon to handle alone, so one hydrogen must bond with another.

4: In hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which option best shows how the atoms are ordered?(1 point)
a. O–H–O–H
b. H–O–O–H
c. O–H–H–O
d. H–O–H–O

Answer:

1. How many electrons does hydrogen need in order to have a full shell of valence electrons?...two

2. How do valence electrons impact the type of bonds an atom makes?...An atom wants a full outer shell of valence electrons, so it will either transfer or share electrons depending on what the other atom needs.

3.Use your knowledge of valence electrons and how they affect bonds to figure out how carbon (Group 14) and oxygen (Group 16) would be attached to one another. In carbon dioxide (CO2), how is the compound structured? (Use “–” to represent a single bond and “=” to represent a double bond.)...O=C=O

4. Methane’s chemical formula is CH4. Is there a bond between any of the hydrogen atoms? Why or why not?...No, there is not because carbon needs four bonds, so it bonds with each hydrogen atom; hydrogen only forms one bond.

5. In hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which option best shows how the atoms are ordered?...H-O-O-H

Explanation:

Valence electrons are found on the outermost shell of an atom and determines the kind of bonds the atom can form.

When an atom has a large number of valence electrons, it is energetically more favorable for the atom to share electrons rather than to transfer electrons to another atom. Atoms with less valence electrons transfer electrons from one atom to another.

Since carbon is a member of group 14 and oxygen is a member of group 16, it follows that carbon can share four electrons with two oxygen atoms as shown in the structure O=C=O.

Carbon is always tetravalent in all its compounds. This means that one carbon atom must form four bonds. It follows that the carbon atom in CH4 forms four bonds with the four hydrogen atoms hence there are no bonds between hydrogen atoms in CH4.

H2O2 contains the peroxide (O-O) bond. It follows that its correct structure must be H–O–O–H.

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