Dark skin (a result of increased melanin production) likely a response to ultraviolet (UV) radiation because UV radiation can cause Skin cancer.
Why does melanin production increase when UV exposure increases?This is due to an increase in melanin production through increased synthesis of -melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-Msh), which is mediated by Protein 53 (p53), in response to DNA damage produced by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) (76).
Why is a person with a darker complexion more protected from the sun's UV rays?
Persons with naturally darker skin are less likely to get burnt than people with lighter complexion, as melanin helps to partially block off harmful UV rays. Your risk of developing skin cancer, including melanoma, is increased by sunburns.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that dark skin (a result of increased melanin production) likely a response to ultraviolet (UV) radiation because UV radiation can cause Skin cancer.
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Explain one of the cycles: water, oxygen, carbon, or nitrogen. ( include at least 3 exchanges within the cycle) .
Answer:
water cycle is the movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth and from the earth to the atmosphere.
water cycle is need for balance.
how water gets to earth: rainfall or precipitation
how water leaves the earth: evaporation, transpiration
The new strain of covid is spreading at the rate of 12% a week. Currently, there are 100,000 people infected with the virus. How long will it take before the virus has infected 800,000 people?.
The time that it would take the disease to spread is exponential function.
What is the infection rate?We know that a disease spreads rapidly and that it is possible to make use of a mathematical model to tell the rate at which the infection would spread across board. We have that;
Number of infected people Po = 100,000
Number of people infected after time t = 800,000
Time taken = t
Infection rate = 12%
We then have that;
P(t) = P(o)e^rt
800,000 = 100,000e^0.12t
800,000/100,000 = e^0.12t
8 = e^0.12t
ln 8 = 0.12t
t = ln 8/0.12
t = 17 days
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A researcher is interested in the structure of the flagellar motor, a series of proteins embedded in the cell wall and plasma membrane of E. coli and many other prokaryotes. Which microscopic technique would be appropriate to determine which proteins of the flagellar motor are associated with the cell wall?
A.
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) because it would generate a 3D image of the surface of the cell wall at high magnification
B.
phase-contrast microscopy because it would introduce contrast between the flagella and the bacterial cell
C.
transmission electron microscopy (TEM) because it would provide a cross section of the cell wall at high magnification
D.
brightfield microscopy because it would show where the flagella are attached to the cell
The technique that could be used in order to study which proteins of the flagellar motor are associated with the cell wall is the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) because it would generate a 3D image of the surface of the cell wall at high magnification
What is the cell?The cell is the smallest unit of a substance which is the lowest level of life. We know that all cells come from pre existing cells and the study of the cells can only be made possible using the microscope. The microscope is a device that can be able to probe.
The scanning electron microscope is the kind of microscope that could be used to see into the interior portions of the cells and this is essential for study as all the structures that are connected to the cell wall can be see quite clearly when we are using this very method.
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PLEASE HELP ME WITH THIS QUESTION ASAP!!!
The question is “ approximately how many clams would be developing in 10°C water?”
Use the picture to help you answer! :)
Answer:
52 clams would be in 10 degree Celcius water. The clams that survived in the 21°C and 25°C water are used in each the biomarker and genetic analysis.
For certain breeds of cattle, a bull with solid red fur and a cow with solid white fur will make a roan calf that has both red and white hairs in its coat. What is this genetic inheritance pattern?.
The genetic inheritance pattern is Codominance.
What is Codominance?
Co-dominance can be said to be a genetic scenario whereby the alleles of a gene are neither dominant nor recessive over one another, hence, they are both simultaneously expressed in the hybrid phenotype. It is one of thee non-mendelian inheritance.
In this case, involving a gene coding for fur colour in the cattle. One of the alleles code for red hair while the other allele for white hairs. Both alleles can be said to be co-dominant because no one is dominant over the other, hence, they produce an hybrid phenotype called Roan where both red and hair phenotypes are seen/expressed.
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10- Which of the following substances the nitrogen element enters in its structure ?
A-Glycogen
B- Galactose
C- Thyroxine
D-Glucose
In thyroxine the nitrogen element enters in its structure.
How our body makes glucose?
It primarily originates from foods high in carbs, such as fruit, bread, and potatoes. Food moves from your mouth to your stomach via your oesophagus while you eat. It is reduced to tiny fragments by acids and enzymes there. This causes the release of glucose.
It enters your intestines to be absorbed there. It then enters your bloodstream from there. Once in the circulation, insulin aids in the delivery of glucose to your cells.
Thyroxine, a hormone produced by the thyroid gland, regulates this metabolic rate, ensuring that the body is operating at the proper rate. Tetraiodothyronine is its full name, and its chemical formula is C15H11NO4I4.
Hence the correct option is C; thyroxine.
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Several changes occur within the body during stressful situations. For example, pupils become more dilated, heart rate and breathing rate increase, and appetite decreases. These changes are controlled by
Answer
The autonomic nervous system
Description of carbohydrates and what is it purpose and importance
Carbohydrates are essential molecules whose main importance is being a source of energy for the organism. Carbohydrates are also components of the cell membrane.
What are carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are essential molecules for life as they are the main source of energy necessary for organisms. They are also part of the cell membrane when binding to lipids and proteins and composing glycolipids and glicoproteins.
Carbohydrates are hydrophilic substances soluble in water and alcohol. Their -OH groups are responsible for that solubility.
Carbohydrates are present as small or large molecules.
• Small molecules ⇒ sugars ⇒ monosaccharide and disaccharide
• Large molecules ⇒ polysaccharide
Glucose is the principal carbohydrate cells use to accomplish their vital functions.
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which one of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function
A. cell wall produces energy for the cell
B. nucleus: control center of the cell
C. cell membrane gives rigid structure that supports the other organelles
D. chloroplasts: colorless, jelly-like substance that supports the other organelles
HELP NOW GIVING BRAINLESS
Signal transduction
The figure below refers to signal transduction from a G protein-associated ligand.
1. Add an example ligand.
2. Identify what type of receiver is outlined in the image
3. Describe the processes between the different molecules
4. Describe the cellular response
When a relevant ligand activates a GPCR, the receptor undergoes a conformational change that allows the receptor to transmit the external signal into the cell.
What do you mean by receptor ?
Receptors are biological transducers that translate electrical impulses from both internal and exterior environments.
They can be dispersed, like those of the skin and viscera, or they can be massed together to create a sense organ, like the eye or ear.
The majority of cellular reactions to external stimuli are mediated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
When the receptor is activated by a ligand, it attaches to a heterotrimeric G protein partner and encourages the exchange of GTP for GDP, which causes the G protein to dissociate into the subunits and, which regulate downstream signals.
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A student obverse’s a cell under a microscope. She sees a cell wall and a nucleus. What type of cell is she observing?
Answer:
Pretty sure it's a Eukaryotic plant cell!
a 25 year-old patient presents complaining of a sore throat and swollen glands in the back of her neck. upon exam, erythema and white purulent exudates are noted in the tonsillar region. results of streptococcal antigen tests were negative and the patient’s monospot test is pending. cbc with differential normal blood values with the exception of 60% lymphocytes on the differential, 30% of which are "atypical."which is the most likely cause of the patient’s condition?
Answer:
The reason why they have a sore throat is because they most likely have mono
Explanation:
If your throat is sore and based on the information listed the only possible reason would be is that they have mono
need help filling this graph
The graph representing number of deer's vs deer population is plotted and discussed below.
What is graph plotting?A graph plotting is a process of plotting the coordinates given that represent a relation between two quantities and gives an idea of how one quantity varies with respect to other.
Given are the coordinates of Deer population from 1905 to 1939.
We can plot the given coordinates on the graph very easily. Along the x - axis, we will plot the deer population and along the y - axis we will plot number of deer's. The plotted graph is attached with the answer. For a given coordinate say (x, y), the x - coordinate is plotted on x - axis and the y - coordinate is plotted on y - axis.
Therefore, the graph representing number of deer's vs deer population is plotted and discussed above.
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Which of the cells characterized in the chart above is a plant cell?
Answer:
cell A
Explanation:
because only plant cells have chloroplast
For certain breeds of cattle, a bull with solid red fur and a cow with solid white fur will make a roan calf that has both red and white hairs in its coat. What is this genetic inheritance pattern?.
The genetic inheritance pattern is Codominance.
What is Codominance?
Co-dominance can be said to be a genetic scenario whereby the alleles of a gene are neither dominant nor recessive over one another, hence, they are both simultaneously expressed in the hybrid phenotype. It is one of thee non-mendelian inheritance.
In this case, involving a gene coding for fur colour in the cattle. One of the alleles code for red hair while the other allele for white hairs. Both alleles can be said to be co-dominant because no one is dominant over the other, hence, they produce an hybrid phenotype called Roan where both red and hair phenotypes are seen/expressed.
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The hydrophobic tails of phospholipids keep water from passing directly through the cell membrane. How might this be beneficial for the maintenance of homeostasis in a cell?.
The hydrophobic tails of phospholipids are beneficial for the maintenance of homeostasis in a cell because they help to maintain the correct amount of water.
In the field of biology, homeostasis can be described as the ability of an organism to keep its internal environment stable in order for the proper functioning of the organism.
The cell membrane of a cell is made up of hydrophobic tails that do not allow water to pass directly into the cell. By doing so, the cell membrane helps in maintaining a steady environment for the proper working of a cell.
Water is allowed to move in or out only when required due to these hydrophobic tails. In this way, the hydrophobic tails help in maintaining homeostasis by not allowing extra water to move in or out.
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What is half life?
1. the amount of time it takes for half of an atom's electrons to decay
2. the amount of time it takes for some of a radioactive substance to decay
3. the amount of time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay
4. the amount of time it takes for all of a radioactive substance to decay
Answer:c
Explanation:
place the following list of steps into the correct sequence for creating a genetically modified organism. a) the gene is transferred to the target organism. b) the bacteria containing the recombinant dna are allowed to reproduce. c) the gene of interest is inserted into a plasmid. d) a plasmid is isolated from a strain of bacteria. e) the plasmid containing the recombinant dna is inserted into bacteria. f) the gene of interest is isolated from the cell of an organism.
DFCEBA : A plasmid is isolated from a strain of bacteria, the gene of interest is isolated from the cell of an organism,the gene of interest is inserted into a plasmid, the plasmid containing the recombinant dna is inserted into bacteria.
Bacteria and certain other microscopic species contain plasmids, which are tiny circular DNA molecules. Physically distinct from chromosomal DNA, plasmids multiply on their own. They typically include a small number of genes, some of which are transferred from cell to cell and are linked to antibiotic resistance. Recombinant DNA techniques are used by scientists to splice the genes they want to research into a plasmid. The inserted gene is duplicated along with the plasmid as it duplicates itself. Molecular biotechnology has benefited greatly from the development of plasmids. They serve as vectors, or delivery systems, for introducing foreign DNA into bacteria. Beginning in the 1970s, DNA from other creatures was initially "cut and pasted" into particular locations within plasmids.
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the same bees that pollinate the flowers of the brazil nut trees pollinate orchids, which are epiphytes (plants that grow on other plants); however, orchids cannot grow on brazil nut trees. these observations explain
The observations explain about the why Brazil nut trees do not set fruit in plantations.
In a short amount of time, plantation forestry may generate large amounts of wood. Authorities in charge of state forestry, such as the Forestry Commission in Britain, as well as the paper and wood businesses, as well as other private landowners, grow plantations (such as Weyerhaeuser, Rayonier and Sierra Pacific Industries in the United States or Asia Pulp & Paper in Indonesia). In southern and southeastern Asia, teak plantations have recently supplanted the native forest. Christmas trees are frequently cultivated on plantations.
For the commercial production of forest products, industrial plantations are actively managed. Industrial plantations are frequently very vast. Individual blocks typically have an even age distribution and are composed of just one or two species. They may be native or invasive species.
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As ocean waves approach shore, their velocity decreases. How does a decrease in velocity affect the frequency and wavelength of the waves
entering the shallow water?
Velocity is the rate at which something moves in a specific direction. as the speed of a car driving north on a highway or the pace at which a rocket takes off. Because the velocity vector is scalar, its absolute value magnitude will always equal the motion's speed.
Sea waves slow down as they get closer to land. The following equations explain how a wave's velocity, wavelength, and frequency are related:
v= f x λ
the frequency f
equals wavelength
f = 1/λ ..............(1) (1)
In this way, as the wave expands in speed, the wavelength and frequency also rise depending on the circumstance (1). When the velocity drops, the frequency and wavelength both start to get smaller.
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What is the correct term for an instance in which the expression of an allele of a gene completely masks the expression of another gene?.
Epistasis is the correct term in which the expression of an allele of a gene completely masks the expression of another gene.
Whether they sort independently or not, genes interact at the level of gene products such that the expression of an allele for one gene masks the expression of an allele for a different gene. This process is epistasis.
Complete dominance is a form of dominance in the heterozygous condition where the allele that is dominant masks the effect of the allele that is recessive. For example, for an individual carrying two alleles that are dominant, trait that they represent will be expressed.
The masked allele is recessive and the allele that expresses itself is dominant. In the presence of a dominant allele, recessive character cannot be masked. When a recessive allele is double, only the recessive character is expressed.
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How does virus and bacterial infections each affect healthy body cells?
The virus infections happens when a virus gets past the physical barriers of the body (skin, mucus, and so on) and infect a suitable cell, the virus take the genetic machinery of the host cell to replicate, damaging that cell and making more virus that will do the same process with other suitable cells. After the virus use all the cell potential, it will kill the cell and release all the virus that were in the cytoplasm of the host. While bacterial infections have more autonomy, being not necessary the integral machinery of the cell to multiply in the host body, it can act in differrebt ways, such as: crowd out the host tissue and disrupt the function, killing the cells or tissues outright, destroy the metabolic machinery, cause a massive toxic reaction in the immune system, and release toxins that can make the body stop all their functions at once (paralyze the metabolic and general system of the host).
For every one glucose molecule, which step in cellular respiration produces the greatest amount of atp?.
The electron transport system
The stage that produces most of the ATP during cellular respiration is the electron transport system (ETS).
What is Electron transport system ?
The ATPase enzyme and ETS complexes are housed in the inner mitochondrial membrane.The function of ETS in mitochondria generates an electrochemical gradient between the matrix and the inner mitochondrial space (High at inner mitochondrial space and low at matrix).ETS gets electrons from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2The ATPase enzyme situated in the inner mitochondrial membrane allows protons to flow down their electrochemical gradient.This proton motive force is utilized for phosphorylation of ADP into ATP.Thus the production of ATP through ETS is called oxidative phosphorylation as both oxidation and phosphorylation take place.Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the cellular energy source for use and storage. ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate with the structure of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups. Adenosine triphosphate is an organic compound that supplies energy to many processes in living cells, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis. In the absence of catalysts, ATP is stable in aqueous solutions between pH 6.8 and 7.4. At higher pH levels, it rapidly hydrolyzes to ADP and phosphate. Living cells keep the ATP/ADP ratio ten orders of magnitude higher than equilibrium, with ATP concentrations fivefold higher than ADP concentrations.
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If parents supplied different alleles for a certain trait to their offspring, which
of the following terms would be used to describe the offspring?
If parents supplied different alleles for a certain trait to their offspring, the offspring would be described as Heterozygous.
Contribution of alleleIn other instances, each parent contributes a unique allele of a certain gene, in which case the child is said to be heterozygous (the prefix hetero means “different”) for that allele.
Alleles result in phenotypes, which are either dominant or recessive physical manifestations of a trait.
What are the two types of traits that parents pass on to their children?Recessive and dominant genes. Dominant/recessive interactions are the most frequent type of allele-allele interaction.
When one (dominant) allele of a gene effectively outweighs the other (recessive) allele, the allele is said to be dominant. Blood types and eye color are two instances of dominant/recessive gene interactions.
What decides which alleles the parents’ offspring will inherit?All the kids will have the same genotype if the parent with the unknown genotype is homozygous dominant.
All of the offspring will have at least one dominant allele if the parent with the unknown genotype is homozygous dominant.
Half of the offspring will receive a recessive allele from both parents and will have the recessive phenotype if the parent with the unknown genotype is heterozygous.
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Complete Question
if parents supplied different alleles for a certain trait to their offspring which of the following terms would be used to describe the offspring
A. Recessive
B. Dominant
C. Homozygous
D. Heterozygous
8) a general rule relating the capacity of a specific animal's digestive system to provide adequate access to substrates for biosynthesis of cellular components, as well as fuel molecules needed for atp production, is that the animal should have access to
A general rule relating to the capacity of a specific animal's digestive system to provide adequate access to substrates for the biosynthesis of cellular components is that D) the diet matches the "food pyramid" for the species.
In the field of biology, a food pyramid determines the optimal levels of a particular serving that an organism needs to eat in order to fulfill the required nutrition level.
It is only when the diet matches the food pyramid that an animal's digestive system will be able to provide substrates that are required for the biosynthesis of cellular components. These substrates are derived from the energy of the food.
When the diet matched the food pyramid, then there will be the required nutrition available needed for the production of ATP molecules.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
A general rule relating the capacity of a specific animal's digestive system to provide adequate access to substrates for biosynthesis of cellular components, as well as fuel molecules needed for ATP production, is that the animal should have access to
A) a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet.
B) a diet low in lipids and high in protein.
C) a low-calorie diet with a large intake of fluids, especially water.
D) a diet that matches the "food pyramid" for the species.
E) a diet that maximizes vitamins and minerals.
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The corolla of a morning glory forms a shape called
Answer:
Explanation:
The collection of all the petals of a flower is known as the corolla. It can be of different shapes like clawed, fimbriate, laciniate, spurred, and saccate. They can be irregular or regular.
Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from earth’s surface and re-radiate some of it back to earth. Which of these gases have the most significant impact on the temperature of earth’s atmosphere?.
Carbon dioxide has the most significant impact on the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere.
CO2 is a greenhouse gas and is essential for the existence of life on Earth. It traps the heat and warms up the inside of the atmosphere of Earth.
However, the temperature of Earth drastically changes when the level of CO2 in the atmosphere increase. As the level of carbon dioxide increases, it blocks the energy re-emitted earth back to space. This energy does not leave the atmosphere and hence the average temperature of the earth starts to increase.
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Identify the bacteria that are responsible for turning nitrogen from the atmosphere into usable nitrogen for plants. Streptomyces, Yersinia pestis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, or Rhizobium.
The bacteria that are responsible for turning nitrogen from the atmosphere into usable nitrogen for plants are commonly called as Rhizobium.
What are Rhizobium bacteria?Rhizobium bacteria are a particular taxonomic group of bacteria that are well known because they are able to fix important amounts of nitrogen present in leguminous plants. These bacteria can generate nodules capable of fixing nitrogen in the air which is then employed by the plant to synthesize biomolecules.
Therefore, we can conclude that Rhizobium represents bacteria that can use the nitrogen in the air to fix it into leguminous plants.
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gerlach used a stain called carmine to stain body tissues, but had a very difficult time staining a certain tissue type. he was finally able to stain the tissue section when he mistakenly left the sample in the stain overnight. what type of tissue type was gerlach finally able to visualize due to his "error"?
Neural tissue is the type of tissue type that gerlach was finally able to visualize due to his "error.
Nerve cells, also known as neurons, and their ancillary cells, such as neuroglia cells, make up neural tissue, also known as nervous tissue. The nerve cells are specialized cells that communicate between nerve cells by sending and receiving nerve impulses, also known as action potentials. Dendrites and axons, two types of distinctive cellular projections, are found on nerve cells. The electrochemical signals are picked up by the dendrites (from another nerve cell). The following nerve cell receives the action potential from the axons.
The axon terminal, which resembles a bulb, is the termination of the axon. The nerve impulse is eventually transmitted from one nerve cell to the next by neurotransmitters that are produced from the axon terminal. The nervous tissue also contains neuroglia cells in addition to nerve cells. These cells assist in nourishing and defending the nerve cells. They create myelin and aid in preserving homeostasis
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A scientists creates a data table and records the mass of lizards on an island. This is an example of
If a scientist creates a data table and records the mass of lizards on an island, then it represents an example of an observational study.
What are observational studies?Observational studies are scientific investigations based on collecting data from nature, which can be used to raise questions and test hypotheses. Conversely, the experimentation studies are based on the obtention of data from experiments that are used to test (either confirm or reject) our working hypothesis.
Therefore, we can conclude that observational studies are based on collecting data in nature, which is distinct from experimentation studies that involve to test hypotheses under controlled conditions.
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