The reactivity of elements generally increases as you go down a group in the periodic table. This is because elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons, and as you go down a group, the number of valence electrons increases. This causes the atoms to have a higher positive charge, which makes them more reactive because they are more likely to form chemical bonds with other atoms.
However, the reactivity of elements decreases as you go down group 7 (the halogens) in the periodic table. This is because the valence shell of these elements is already full, so they are less likely to form chemical bonds with other atoms. As a result, the atoms in group 7 are less reactive than those in other groups.
1. Describe four ways in which enthalpy changes for a reaction may be represented.
2. Use the four methods to represent the dissolving of sodium chloride (Delta H sol = 3.9 kJ/mol).
Recall that we can utilize the equation q=nHfusion, where q will equal the reaction's total quantity of energy! Additionally, you might have the typical molar enthalpy of reaction Ex. ΔHofusion, the o represents that this standard value at a SATP (P=100kPa, T=25oC).
How is enthalpy displayed and what does it mean?The following definition of enthalpy H = E + PV. The internal energy and pressure multiplied by the volume make up enthalpy. The enthalpy of a system cannot be measured, although enthalpy variations can be observed.
What does the symbol used to denote enthalpy mean?Enthalpy, denoted by the symbol H, is the sum of the internal energy, denoted by E, and the product of the pressure and volume, denoted by PV.
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a 50g sample of copper is at 25 c. of 1200 j of heat energy is added to the copper, what is its final temperature
The final temperature in the given situation is 87.015C. Using the heat capacity relation (Q=m* c*delta T).The copper tube expands by 1.7 × 10–5 of its length for every 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit.
How to solve?Step 1: Given data-
1. Mass of copper m = 50g= 0.05kg
2. Heat energy added Q = 1200 J
3. Specific heat of copper Scopper 4. The initial temp. is 25°C -387 J kg °C 1
Step 2: Find the rise in temperature using heat capacity relation- Let, final temperature be T. Then using heat capacity relation we can,
Q= m*c* delta T
On substituting values we get,
12000.05 x 387 x (T-25)
T= 87.015°C
Hence, the final temperature in the given situation is 87.015°C.
What is the temperature of copper wire?Copper melts at 1083°C. It has absolutely nothing to do with Minimum and Maximum temperature for a copper wire to work as a conductor. Both are determined by insulation and jacket materials. Insulation breaks down, if ambient temperature goes < 100°C.
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balancing chemical equations
N₂(g) + H₂(g) → NH₂
please help lol
Answer:
N2 + 3H2 => 2NH3
Explanation:
N2 + 3H2 => 2NH3
N = 2
H = 6
It's NH3, not NH2
Describe what happens at the molecular level when a substance is heated first to its melting point and then to its boiling point.
When one substance melts, we just seperate the molecules. Because the temperature required to change from solid to liquid is less than the temperature needed to change from liquid to gas.
What is Melting point?The melting point of a substance or compound is defined as the temperature at which it changes from solid state to liquid state. At the melting point, the solid and liquid state exist in the equilibrium stage. The melting point of the substance always depends on pressure.
What is Boiling point?The boiling point of a substance or compound is defined as the temperature at which it changes from liquid state to gaseous state. At the boiling point, the gas and liquid state exist in the equilibrium stage. The boiling point of the substance always depends on pressure.
As we know that,
When a substance is boiled, the molecules of that particular substance completely break.Thus, we concluded that when one substance melts, we just seprate the molecules. Because the temperature required to change from solid to liquid is less than the temperature needed to change from liquid to gas.
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polysynaptic reflexes involve multiple synapses while monosynaptic reflexes only involve a single synapse.
It is true that monosynaptic reflexes only involve one synapse while polysynaptic reflexes include several synapses.
Monosynaptic reflexes:
The biceps, triceps, and patellar stretch reflexes are examples of monosynaptic reflexes. Conversely, polysynaptic reflexes are mediated by one interneuron and at least two synapses.
Polysynaptic reflexes:
Polysynaptic reflexes are a specific type of reflex that involve several synapses. In the reflex arc, they also involve one or more interneurons. As a result, afferent and efferent neuron communication is often diffuse. Interneurons between sensory and motor neurons are present in polysynaptic reflex.
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if aluminum nitrate and sodium hydroxide are reacted, what is the resultant clear jelly-like precipitate that forms but disappears as more reagent is added?
Sodium hydroxide to a cylinder of aluminum nitrate to precipitate the aluminum hydroxide. Add more base to dissolve the precipitate.
The reaction can then be reversed by adding hydrochloric acid. Sodium hydroxide replaces copper forming copper hydroxide. Instead of dissolving the compound precipitates and appears as a light blue solid in the liquid. At this point, the solution becomes colorless and solid copper hydroxide settles to the bottom.
All ions dissolve in each other and do not react with each other. So the short answer to this question is nothing. When NaOH and KCl react KOH and NaCl are formed. Such reactions are called double displacement reactions. Silver ions come out of the solution as a brown precipitate of silver oxide in the presence of hydroxide ions.
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Calcium hydroxide solution and carbon dioxide gas yields solid calcium carbonate and liquid water
Calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide gives water and calcium carbonate. The balanced equation for the reaction is written as:
[tex]\rm Ca(OH)_{2} + CO_{2} \rightarrow CaCO_{3} + H_{2}O[/tex]
What is calcium carbonate?Calcium carbonate is commonly called limestone. Limestone is mineral deposit found in many living and nonliving things. Rocks and shells of some organisms are major sources of calcium carbonate.
Calcium carbonate can be prepared by passing carbon dioxide through quicklime or calcium oxide CaO. Calcium carbonate will precipitate in a milky solution.
Limestone can also be prepared by the reaction of calcium hydroxide or soda lime with carbon dioxide. Each reacts in one mole and gives one mole of each product as written in the balanced reaction.
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Your question is incomplete. But your complete question probably was:
Calcium hydroxide solution and carbon dioxide gas yields solid calcium carbonate and liquid water. Write the balanced equation for this reaction.
Calculate the kinetic energy of the cart at the point shown below. It has a mass of 225 kg, is 10 m high, and is moving at a velocity of 2 m/s.
The kinetic energy of the cart of mass 225 kg is 450 J.
What is kinetic energy?Kinetic energy is the energy of a body in motion.
To calculate the kinetic energy of the cart, we use the formula below.
Formula:
K.E = mv²/2.......... Equation 1Where:
K.E = Kinetic energy of the cart m = Mass of the cartv = Velocity of the cartFrom the question,
Given:
m = 225 kgv = 2 m/sSubstitute these values into equation 1
K.E = 225×2²/2K.E = 450 JHence, the kinetic energy of the cart is 450 J.
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Ferum + nitric acid =
What does it equals to ????
Answer:
Ferric Nitrate, Nitric oxide and water
Explanation:
Fe + dil. HNO3 gives iron nitrate along with NO . The resulting compounds would be ferric nitrate, nitric oxide, and water.
I hope this helped
Answer:
Ferric Nitrate, Nitric oxide and Water
Explanation:
Fe (NO3)3 , NO, H20
- If Earth's rate of rotation decreased, there
would be an increase in the
(1) length of the seasons
(2) sun's angle of insolation at noon
(3) number of observable stars seen at night
during the year
(4) length of an Earth day
Answer: length of an earth day
Explanation:
C₂H6
+
02
→
CO2
+
H₂O
Answer:
Word equation: Ethane + Dioxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water
Explanation:
Brainliest, Please!
PLEASE HELP ME WITH THIS QUESTION
If the volume is decreased to 2.6 L and pressure is decreased to 3.2 atm, then temperature become 156.98K.
This problem can be solved by using the concept of Ideal gas equation.
What ia ideal gas equation?The equation of ideal gas can be expressed as
PV = nRT
where,
P is the pressure of the gas
V is the volume taken
n is the number of moles of the gas
R is the gas constant = 6.314 J/ mol K
T is the temperature
Now from given data, we have the values of
V = 3.2 L
P = 5.5 atm
T = 53°C = 273 + 53 = 326 K
By substituting all the values, we get the value of n
3.2 × 5.5 = n × 6.314 × 326
17.6 = n × 2058.36
n = 17.6 / 2058.36
n = 0.0085 mol
Now, we have to find the temperature
n = 0.0085 mol
V = 2.6 L
P = 3.2 atm
By substituting all the values, we get
3.2 × 2.6 = 0.0085 × 6.314 × T
8.32 = 0.053 T
T = 8.32/ 0.053
T = 156.98 K
Thus, we concluded that if the volume is decreased to 2.6 L and pressure is decreased to 3.2 atm, then temperature become 156.98K.
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Which sentence is true of all Brønsted-Lowry bases?
A. They can donate a hydrogen ion.
B. They can accept a hydrogen ion.
C. They can produce hydronium.
D. They are positively charged.
E. They are negatively charged.
Considering the Brønsted-Lowry theory, the correct answer is option B. a base can accept a hydrogen ion.
Brønsted-Lowry theoryIn the Brønsted-Lowry theory, a proton transfer occurs that requires the presence of a proton donor, that is, an acid, and a base that accepts them. In this way, the acid-base reaction is one in which the acid transfers a proton to a base.
Then, according to the Brønsted-Lowry Theory, a base is a substance capable of accepting protons (H⁺) in solution, and an acid is any species capable of donating a proton (H⁺).
SummaryAccording to the Brønsted-Lowry Theory, a base can accept a hydrogen ion.
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if 0.900 g of oxalic acid, h2c2o4, is completely neutralized with 0.500 m lithium hydroxide, what volume of lithium hydroxide is required?
In order to completely neutralize 0.900 g liquid oxalic acid, h2c2o4, using 0.500 m lithium hydroxide, 40.00 ml of lithium hydroxide are needed.
What purpose does lithium hydroxide serve?When manufacturing lithium salts (soaps) of oleic and other fatty acids, lithium hydroxide (LiOH), which is frequently produced by the reaction of lithium carbonate and lime, is utilized. These soaps are commonly used as thickeners for lubricating greases.
How is static power calculated?ICC times the supply voltage equals static power dissipation. In CMOS logic, the current that occurs as the input switches between High and Low is known as the dynamic supply current. This current circulates when capacitance is being charged and discharged.
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how would you design an experiment to find out if table salt woudl form precipitates with lead (ii) nirtate or silver nitrate
In order to design experiment we should initially know how the chemical will react with each other. When sodium chloride reacts with either of the chemicals following reactions takes place:
An inorganic substance having the chemical formula Pb(NO3)2 is lead(II) nitrate. In contrast to the majority of other lead(II) salts, it frequently appears as a colorless crystal or white powder and is soluble in water. Lead chloride and sodium nitrate precipitate are created when sodium chloride solution is introduced to a lead nitrate solution. Lead chloride precipitate is soluble in hot water but insoluble in cold water. If the initial concentrations of silver nitrate and sodium chloride are both quite high, there is a good possibility that the mixture of aqueous AgNO3 and aqueous NaCl compounds will produce a precipitate that is white in color. Therefore, the reaction between AgNO3 and NaCl is precipitation.
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16. the electron configuration of nitrogen is how many more electrons does nitrogen need to satisfy the octet rule?
3 On the periodic table, column 5 contains nitrogen, denoted by the letter N.Its valence electron count is 5.To obtain an octet, three linkages must be created.The straightforward formula is 5 + 3 = 8.
The octet law applies to nitrogen, right?The second row of the p-block area includes fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon.When they combine, these elements closely adhere to the octet rule.In order to complete their octet, for instance, these elements combine with hydrogen to make two to four bonds.
For nitrogen to have a complete valence, how many additional electrons are required?Two nitrogen atoms would have a total of 10 valence electrons if the entire number of valence electrons in nitrogen, which is five, were to be doubled.A triple bond is necessary for the octet since it needs 8 total electrons for an atom to have a full valence shell.
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Two astronauts are in outer space; hank is inside the space shuttle & the other, sally, is on a space walk. A large meteor hits the space shuttle, but only one of the two astronauts are able to hear it. Which astronaut is able to hear the impact & which isn’t. Explain why. Be sure to include the terms: medium and transfer in your explanation.
Answer:
Sally would not be able to hear the impact of the meteor because sound waves cannot travel through the vacuum of outer space. In order for sound to be heard, it must vibrate through a medium such as air, water, or solid matter. Since there is no air or other medium in outer space, sound waves cannot transfer through it and cannot be heard. Hank, on the other hand, would be able to hear the impact of the meteor because he is inside the space shuttle, which provides a solid medium for the sound waves to vibrate through and be transferred to his ear drums.
How many joules are required to change 25.02g of liquid Ethanol that is at a temperature of 289.14K to a gas at 351.5K
The amount of joules required to change 25.02g of liquid Ethanol is 3838.2 J or 3.83kJ.
Given,
mass of the ethanol (m) = 25.02g
heat capacity of the ethanol (c) = 2.46
Conversion of Kelvin to Celsius:
C = K - 273.15
C1 = 289.14 - 273.15 => 15.99 C
C2 = 351.5 - 273.15 => 78.35 C
Formula:
H = mcdT
temperature change (dT) = C2 -C1 => 78.35 - 15.99 => 62.36 C
Substituting the values,
H = 25.02 * 2.46 * 32.36
H = 3838.2 J or 3.83kJ
Therefore, the amount of joules required to change 25.02g of liquid Ethanol is 3838.2 J or 3.83kJ.
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How many grams of CO would be required to generate 635 g CO2?
Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2 CO: 28.01 g/mol CO2: 44.01 g/mol
[?] g CO₂
The amount of CO that would be required to generate 635 g of CO₂ will be 404.14 g.
What is stoichiometric co-efficient?To balance the amount of each element on the reactant and product sides of the equation, the stoichiometric coefficient is the number placed in front of the atoms, ions, and molecules in a chemical process.
Usually, it is positive for products and negative for reactants. Stoichiometric coefficients define the stoichiometry of a chemical reaction.
First, let us get the equation of the reaction:
The reaction becomes: Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂
From the equation, we can see that the mole ratio of CO to that of CO₂
= 3:3
= 1:1
Given that,
635 g of CO₂ is to be generated.
Mole of 635 g CO₂ = mass/molar mass = 635/44.01 = 14.43 moles
Thus, the equivalent mole of CO required will also be 14.43 moles.
Mass of 14.43 moles of CO = moles x molar mass
= 14.43 x 28.01
= 404.14 gm.
Hence, 404.14 gm of CO will be required to produce 635 g of CO₂.
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Limestone forms as ocean water evaporates and leaves calcium carbonate behind, which is then deposited on the ocean floor. what type of rock can be formed in this way?
Sedimentary rocks include limestone. When ocean water evaporates, calcium carbonate is left behind, and this is how it forms.
Limestone is one of the most common types of chemical rocks. Limestone is created in the ocean by calcium and bicarbonate ions that erode from the remains of shells, coral, crustaceans, and mollusks. Wave action gradually disintegrates these structures into calcite and other calcium carbonate-based minerals, which accumulate in ocean water. As they are carried from the deep ocean environment to shallow places like lagoons and tidal pools, these solutes have the potential to precipitate to create sediments rich in calcium carbonate. calcium carbonate can precipitate in lagoons to create ooids, which are spherical nodules that stick together to produce oolitic limestone, or limestone.
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A titration curve is a plot of choose. On the x-axis and choose. On the y-axis.
A titration curve is a plot of titrant volume on the x-axis and pH on the y-axis.
What is a titration curve?
Titration is often plotted on a graph called a titration curve. This graph usually contains the titrant volume as the independent variable and the pH of the solution as the dependent variable. The equivalence point on the graph is where all the starting solution has been neutralized by the titrant.
What is a titrant volume?
Reagents, called titrants or titrators, are prepared as standard solutions. A titrant of known concentration and volume reacts with the analyte solution or titrant to determine the concentration. The amount of titrant converted is called titer.
Therefore, A titration curve is a plot of titrant volume on the x-axis and pH on the y-axis.
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5
volume (cm³)
1. Based on this graph, how does metal B differ from metal A?
2. What is the density of metal B? Show all your work and include appropriate units.
3. What is the mass of 9.0 cm³ of metal B? Find this in two different ways.
a. Mark on the above graph how you might determine this.
b. Show how you could calculate this mathematically.
Density is an intensive property as it does not depend on the quantity of the substances Whereas mass and volume are extensive property. Therefore, Metal A is lesser denser than metal B.
What is density?Density tells about the compactness of the substances, how much dense is the substances in other words. Object that is more denser than water they just sink in the water.
Mathematically,
Density = Mass of the metal ball ÷volume marked on the graduated cylinder
Since mass of metal a and metal B is same, so now density depend on volume. Volume of metal A is higher than metal B. From formula we can see density is inversely proportional to volume. So, Metal A is lesser denser than metal B.
Therefore, Metal A is lesser denser than metal B.
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in each reaction box, place the best reagent and conditions from the list. each reagent will only be used once and not all reagents will be used.
The reagent is the substance in the chemical reaction used to identify and measure the other substance if it is present.
The reagent is used to perform the laboratory test. The reagent are used in the chemical reaction to identify the other substance if the another substance is present . A reagent is a compound or the mixture that is added to the system and to start the chemical reaction.
Reagent are very commonly used in the laboratories for the tests. the examples is : to convert the alcohol to aldehyde and ketones , the reagent is used is the Collins reagent.
The given question is incomplete, I answer the question general answer according to my knowledge.
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A scientist has two substances that she is testing in her lab: a pink substance and a green substance. At room temperature, both substances are liquids. The scientist transferred the same amount of energy into both substances. She finds only the pink substance changed phase. How is the pink substance different from the green substance?.
The pink substance different from the green substance because the pink solution is thought to have a lesser intermolecular force than the green solution, which causes molecules to disperse as a result.
Consider the attraction between the molecules of the pink substance to be weaker than that of the molecules of the green substance. Each of its molecules separates from the others. It's important to take into account the following data:
In comparison to the green substance, the attraction between the molecules in the pink substance is thought to be less. It moves apart from one another and changes from liquid to gas.
So, we can say that the pink solution is thought to have a less intermolecular force than the green solution, which leads to the dispersion of molecules.
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which functional group is expected to be produced when cyclodecyne is reacted with disiamylborane, followed by treatment of basic hydrogen peroxide?
The functional group Ketone is expected to be produced when cyclodecyne is reacted with disiamylborane, followed by treatment of basic hydrogen peroxide.
The molecular formula of cyclodecyne is C₁₀H₁₆ and the molecular formula of disiamylborane is C₁₀H₂₃B.
Cyclodecyne is an alkyne and the reaction between cyclodecyne and disiamylborane is a reaction of hydroboration of alkynes.
Hydroboration is the process which involves the addition of a H-B bond between a C-C double or triple bond.
At first, in the reaction between cyclodecyne and disiamylborane, enol is formed as the product. On further treating it with basic hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) , enol gets converted into ketone.
Thus, ketone is the functional group produced in this reaction.
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what would have happened to the reaction rate if the calcium carbonate has been crushed into a powder? explain, using the collision theory
It is not the concentration of Caco₃ reactant present that determines the rate of the calcination reaction.
Cacao₃ (s) ←→ CaO(s) + CO 2 (g)
Calcium Carbonate:
Calcium carbonate is a compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks such as calcite and aragonite (primarily limestone, a type of sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcite) and is a major component of eggshells, snail shells, seashells and pearls. A substance containing a lot of calcium carbonate or a substance similar to calcium carbonate is called calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime and is formed when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions to form scale deposits.
Now,
Since the CO₂ produced in this reaction must escape from the interior of the Caco₃ particles, the decrease at any temperature of the reaction speed is determined. This is determined by the size of the solid calcium carbonate particles and the partial pressure of CO₂ surrounding the particles.
Grinding Cacao₃ into a fine powder greatly reduces the average distance that a CO₂ molecule must travel to escape each particle, thus accelerating the reaction rate.
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Hydrogen peroxide is placed in sunlight and reacts slowly to form oxygen and water.
a. Rewrite the chemical reaction as a word equation
b. State the evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred
c. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Explain your reasoning
a. The chemical reaction can be rewritten as a word equation as follows:
Hydrogen Peroxide -> Oxygen + Water
b. Evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred includes the production of a new substance (oxygen and water), a change in the physical properties of the reactants (change in color, odor, or temperature), and the release of energy (evolution of oxygen gas).
c. The reaction is likely exothermic, which means it releases energy. This is because the reaction produces new substances (oxygen and water) and releases energy in the form of oxygen gas. In an endothermic reaction, the reactants would absorb energy from the surroundings.
identify which substance has the lowest vapor pressure at 25c and 1.00 atm external (atmospheric) pressure
The one having lowest vapour pressure at `25^C` is a : The vapour pressure of water is least because of strong intermolecular H-bonding in water molecules.
The pressure by a vapour when it is in equilibrium with a substance's liquid, solid, or both forms—i.e., when the conditions permit the substance to exist in both of these phases or in all three—is known as vapour pressure. The measurement of a substance's propensity to change into a gaseous or vapour state, vapour pressure increases with temperature. The temperature at which the pressure equals the vapour pressure existing at the liquid's surface is known as the boiling point of a liquid. When conditions allow for the creation of vapour inside a liquid, the process is referred to as boiling. It follows that the more molecules that evaporate at a given temperature, the higher the vapor pressure that results.
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nuclear decay occurs according to first-order kinetics. a nuclide decays in 3.40 days from 45.0 g to 12.1 g. what is the rate constant for the nuclide?
The rate constant for the nuclide according to first-order kinetics is 0.3863 per day.
Nuclear Decay in First-Order Kinetics:
m(t) = Me∧(-αt)
where m(t) = mass of nuclide after decay at time t;
M = mass of nuclide before decay;
α = rate constant of decay;
t = time for the decay;
What is first-order kinetics?When a fixed percentage of the drug is excreted per unit of time, this is known as first-order kinetics.
For example, The amount of drug in the body has a direct relationship to the rate of removal. The amount of medication eliminated per unit of time increases with concentration. The medication concentration decreases by 50% for each half-life.
Now,
m(t) = Me∧(-αt)
⇒e∧(αt) = M/m(t)
applying ln on both sides;
αt = ln(m/m(t))
α = (ln(m/m(t))/t)
here t= 3.4 days, M = 45 grams, m(t) = 12.1 grams;
dropping these values in the above equation we get,
α = 0.3863 per day;
The rate constant for the nuclide according to first-order kinetics is 0.3863 per day.
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How many atoms are present in a mole of CaCO3 ?
- 2 × Na atoms
- 5 × 6.022x10²³ atoms
- 2 × 6.022x10²³ atoms
- 5 × NA atom
Hey!! Can you say the answer ??
Answer:
5 x 6.022 x 10²³ atoms
Explanation:
There are 5 different atoms that make up a CaCO3 molecule, and since one mole of something is 6.022 x 10²³, there are 5 times that amount of atoms.