Which statement is TRUE about elements in group 16?
They need 6 electrons to complete their octet.
They have 2 valence electrons.
The have an oxidation number of 2+
They have an oxidation number of 2-

Answer: True

Explanation:

I remember learning this in AP Chemistry class. Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of an atom when electrons are outside the core.

The valence electrons of Neon is 8. Neon has the atomicnumber 10. It is a stable noble gas.

Valence electrons are the total number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom. The valence electron for neutral atom is always definite. Neon has eight valence electrons, a full octet that makes neon quite stable Noble gas. This can be confirmed via it's electronic configuration by looking at the highest energy level which is 2 in this case

The electronic configuration of Neon is,

              1s2 2s2 2p6 or [He] 2s2 2p6

Here, the 2s orbital holds two valence electrons while the 2p orbital holds the other six valence electrons. so there are 8 valence electrons that is a full octet.

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The correct statement about emission line spectrum of the hydrogen atom is i)the lines converge at lower energies.So,correct option is i.

The hydrogen spectrum is a significant piece of proof to show the quantized electronic construction of a molecule. The hydrogen atoms of the particle separate when an electric release is gone through a vaporous hydrogen particle. It brings about the emanation of electromagnetic radiation started by the enthusiastically energized hydrogen iotas. The hydrogen discharge range involves radiation of discrete frequencies. These series of radiation are named after the researchers who found them.

Hydrogen atom lines converge at lower energies since electrons of emission lines are stable in nature when energy is lower. Every object in this universe want to remain stable, similar nature with electron also when they have less energy then they are able to converge more easily as compared to any other state.

Hence, correct option is a.

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(Complete question) is:

Which statement is correct for the emission spectrum of the hydrogen atom?

i.The lines converge at lower energies

ii.The lines are produced when electrons move from lower to higherenergy levels .

iiiThe lines in the visible region involve electron transitions into theenergy level closest to the nucleus.

ivThe line corresponding to the greatest emission of energy is in theultraviolet region.

0.2 dm³ volume of 3.0 mol dm⁻³ solution of NaOH  is required to prepare 3.0dm³ of 0.2mol dm⁻³ solution of NaOH.

The concentration  and volume of the concentrated or diluted solution can be determined from the equation mentioned below:

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

where M₁, V₁ are the concentration and volume of the stock solution respectively, and M₂, V₂ are the concentration and volume of the diluted solution.

Given, a NaOH stock solution of concentration, M₁ =  3.0 mol dm⁻³

The concentration of the diluted solution, M₂ =  0.2 mol dm⁻³

The volume of diluted NaOH solution, V₂  = 3.0 dm³

Substitute the value of the concentration and volume in equation (1):

(3.0)× (V₁) = (0.2) × (3.0)

V₁ = 0.2 dm³

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Answer:

to produce silicon tetrachloride and water

Explanation:

The volume that 4.95 moles of hydrogen gas will occupy at STP is 110.95L.

The volume occupied by a gas can be calculated using the ideal gas equation as follows:

PV = nRT

Where;

According to this question, a gas at standard temperature and pressure will have the following characteristics:

1 × V = 4.95 × 0.0821 × 273

V = 110.95L

Therefore, 110.95L is the volume occupied by the ideal gas.

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The Lewis diagram of the compound propanol contains 7 C-H sigma bonds and 3 C-C sigma bonds. There are only one C-O bond and one O-H bond and the oxygen contains two lone pair of electrons.

A Lewis diagram is used to represent the bonds between atoms and the shared pair of electrons, non-bonded electrons and the lone pairs as well. Thus, we can understand the number of each type of bonds and the electrons present in the valence shell which are bonded or not.

The formal charge of each atom in the compound can be easily calculated from the Lewis diagram of the compound. The presence of lone pairs, sigma bonds, covalent bonds for each atom can be clearly understood from the Lewis diagram.

The Lewis diagram of the compound propanol contains 7 C-H sigma bonds and 3 C-C sigma bonds. There are only one C-O bond and one O-H bond and the oxygen contains two lone pair of electrons.

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Among the given compounds the 5th compound is chiral and having   the  central carbon is attached to different groups. All other compounds are achiral.

A compound become chiral if it contains at least one chiral center that is., a carbon atom with four different valences. For example CFClBrI is chiral since the carbon atom is joined with four different groups.

Chiral compounds are optically active and have stereoisomers. The first given compound is achiral , where all carbon atoms are attached to same groups in either side.

The second compound is also achiral where the carbon with the Cl group has no four different valencies. The third one is also achiral with a carbon atom having similar groups bonded to it . The fifth compound is achiral where, the carbon atom bearing Cl group and the carbon bearing Br group are chiral centers.

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The compounds below in image categorized as chiral or achiral.  There are 6 compounds.

If a combination of translations and rotations cannot superimpose the molecule's image on its mirror image, the molecule is said to be chiral.

If a molecule or ion cannot be superimposed on its mirror counterpart, it is said to be chiral. The term "chirality" refers to a molecule's geometric feature. A plane of symmetry or a centre of symmetry are absent from chiral compounds.

An achiral item and its mirror image are identical and can be superimposed. Golf clubs, scissors, shoes, and corkscrews are examples of chiral objects that have a "handedness." So, it's possible to purchase scissors and golf clubs with either hand. A right and a left pair of gloves and shoes are also available.

Thus,  The compounds below in image categorized as chiral or achiral.

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The chemical reaction between AB and CD is a double displacement reaction with products as AD and BC and chemical equation as AB +CD[tex]\rightarrow[/tex]AD+BC.

Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.

A plus sign is present between reactants and products if they are more than one in any case and an arrow is present pointing towards the product side which indicates the direction of the reaction .There are coefficients present next to the chemical symbols and formulas .

The first chemical equation was put forth by Jean Beguin in 1615.By making use of chemical equations the direction of reaction ,state of reactants and products can be stated. In the chemical equations even the temperature to be maintained and catalyst can be mentioned.

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Answer:

0.9cm³

Explanation:

Density(D)= 5.0g/mL

gravity(g) = 10.0m/s²

mass(m) = ?

weight(w) = 45.0g

volume = ?

soln

knowing that

weight = mass × gravity

W = m × g

45 = m × 10

45 = 10m

[tex]m = \frac{45}{10} = 4.5[/tex]

m = 4.5g

[tex]density = \frac{mass}{volume} [/tex]

[tex]5 = \frac{4.5}{v} [/tex]

cross multiply

[tex]5v = 4.5[/tex]

[tex]v = \frac{4.5}{5} [/tex]

v = 0.9cm³

i hope this helps

By filtration technique using funnel filter out of salt NaCl. By rotary evaporation technique, evaporate the organic solvent and the sucrose will be left.

All plants, including fruits, vegetables, and even nuts, naturally produce sugar, the familiar and beloved simple carbohydrate, which is known by its chemical name, sucrose. Natural sugars such as sucrose can be found in varying concentrations in plants such as fruits, vegetables, and nuts. From sugar cane and sugar beets, sucrose is also economically produced. Your body needs energy to carry out both physical and mental tasks, and sucrose, a carbohydrate, gives you that energy. Foods like sucrose and starch are broken down by your body into fructose and glucose during digestion. To provide energy to your cells, your body breaks down the fructose and glucose.

a study found that taking the more "natural type of sugar" could be just as harmful to your health as ingesting high fructose corn syrup.

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IBr3 has three single bonds between the Iodine (I) and Bromine (Br) atoms in its Lewis structure. The Iodine atom (I) is in the centre, surrounded by three Bromine atoms (Br).

The Iodine atom has two lone pairs, while all three Bromine atoms have three. Because the overall formal charge is zero, the Lewis structure of PBr 3 described above is the most appropriate, reliable, and stable in nature. In PBr 3, there are three bonding pairs of electrons and one lone pair of electrons. The molecule will shape itself in such a way that repulsive forces are minimised.

The number of lone pairs of electrons present around the central atom is also denoted by the Lewis Structure. Ionic, covalent, and coordination compounds can all have Lewis structures. However, we can only draw it if we know the compound's molecular formula.

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It depends on the type of solute being dissolved, as different solutes will have different solubility rates in water.

Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solution. It is a physical property of a compound that is affected by temperature, pressure, and the presence of other compounds. Solubility is an important factor in determining the behavior of a material when mixed with other compounds. It is also important in determining the rate of reaction of a compound with other compounds in a solution. Solubility can also be used to determine the concentration of a solution or the amount of a compound that can be dissolved in a solution.

Generally speaking, the solubility of a solute in water increases as the temperature of the water increases. For example, the solubility of sugar in water is about 180 g/L at 20°C, whereas the solubility of sodium chloride is about 35 g/L at 20°C. Therefore, the amount of solute that will dissolve in 100g of water will vary depending on the type of solute and the temperature of the water.

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Homologous structures are physical features that are similar in form or function, but which have evolved separately in different species. These structures provide evidence for the theory of evolution by common descent, which proposes that all living organisms share a common ancestor and that they have evolved over time through a process of natural selection.

Some examples of homologous structures include:

   The wings of birds, the wings of bats, and the arms of humans. These structures have different functions (flying, grasping, etc.), but they have a similar skeletal structure and are made up of bones that have a similar arrangement and shape. This suggests that they have a common evolutionary origin.

   The fins of fish and the legs of reptiles. The bones in the fins of fish and the legs of reptiles are similar in shape and arrangement, indicating that they may have evolved from a common ancestor.

   The gills of fish and the lungs of mammals. Both gills and lungs are used for respiration, but they have evolved independently in different groups of organisms. The similarities between the two structures suggest that they may have evolved from a common ancestor.

Homologous structures are one type of evidence that is used to support the theory of evolution. Other types of evidence include the fossil record, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology.

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Answer:

Explanation:

When two hydrogen atoms come close enough to each other, their electrons are attracted to the proton of the other atom.

Business travel is categorized into scope 3 emissions. In addition to exposing groups to weather transition risks, Scope 3 emissions can doubtlessly enhance prices.

Scope 3 emissions are among the finest quantity of emissions that groups produce indirectly, so it is going to be vital for manufacturers to attain their sustainability goals, with the blessings to wider society of a greener enterprise environment. These also are oblique emissions – which means the ones now no longer produced with the aid of using the organization itself – however they fluctuate from Scope 2 as they cowl the ones produced with the aid of using clients the use of the organization's merchandise or the ones produced with the aid of using providers making merchandise that the organization uses.

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The pressure of the gas in the bulb, given that height in the right arm is 100 mm and the left arm is 120 mm, is 740 mmHg (Option C)

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

The pressure of the gas in the bulb can be obtained as shown below:

Pressure of gas = Atmospheric presure - Pressure due to difference in height

Pressure of gas = 760 - 20

Pressure of gas = 740 mmHg

Thus, we can conclude from the calculation made above that the pressure of the gas is 740 mmHg (Option C)

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There are two kinds of motion that earth possess, one is rotation and other is revolution. Therefore,  the correct option is option C that is "this is due to rotation of earth on its axis".

The motion of the earth around its axis is known as rotation. Revolution refers to the motion of the earth about the sun in a fixed route or orbit. The earth's axis, which is an invisible line, forms a 6612° angle with its planet's orbit.

The earth does not remain stationary throughout the year. The Earth revolves around the sun. The earth revolves and spins around the sun. The Earth is situated between Venus and Mars, therefore it is neither too hot nor too cold. Because of rotation of earth on its axis, earth is hotter in summer than in winter.

Therefore,  the correct option is option C that is "this is due to rotation of earth on its axis".

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When a channel opens, H+ ions will flow out of the mitochondrion if the concentration of  H+ ions inside the mitochondrion is higher than the concentration outside the mitochondrion.

The inner mitochondrial membrane is where H+ ions and electrons from NADH and FADH2 are released. The energy released during the transfer of electrons is used to pump H+ ions into the intermembrane gap as electrons join the electron transport chain. Since H+ ions cannot penetrate the inner mitochondrial membrane and return to the matrix because it is impermeable to protons, there is a larger concentration of H+ ions in the intermembrane space, which creates and maintains a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Hence, open channel freely passes proton to inner membrane space.

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This phenomenon of difference in precipitation on earth and ocean surface is  due to a variety of factors.

First of all, gravity allows any water from the Earth's surface to flow into the ocean. In the ocean, there are glaciers as well that can melt.

The ocean, the atmosphere, and the land all continuously exchange moisture as part of the water cycle.

Over the ocean, weather patterns develop and dissolve more slowly than over land, hence there is greater atmospheric circulation there. As a result, additional clouds are forming.

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The given organic compound can be named based on the IUPAC rules. The name of the compound is 3-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl pentane.

IUPAC rules are certain rules regarding the naming of organic compounds. The compounds are numbered based on the longest chain of carbon atoms in it. The numbering starts from the position of double bond or triple bond if present or the functional groups is noted.

The name is given in the alphabetical order of the prefix of the functional groups and the numbering is put in a manner that the carbons bearing the functional groups have the small numbers.

The given compound contains 5 carbons in the longest chain. The OH group is attached to the 3rd carbon and there are 3 methyl branches one in 2nd carbon and 2 in 4th one. Hence, the name of the compound is 3-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl pentane.

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the lattice energy of MgH2() is 2791 kJ/mol with a series of step when the Enthalpies of formation for calcium hydrided is given.

An article publishing charge (APC) is required of authors or research funders to cover publication costs in open access journals that do not charge subscription fees. This guarantees that everyone will be able to access your article promptly and without charge in the future.

Solution:

the lattice energy of MgH2() is :

ΔHf(−75. 3 kJ/mol )  =S+0.5D+IE+EA+U

ΔHf(−75. 3 kJ/mol )= 2791 kJ/mol

The papers published in MDPI Special Issues are of extremely high quality! When I published my research with MDPI (Energies Journal), it was a wonderful experience. Both the submission of the manuscript and the timing of publishing were excellent.

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The most typical way for occupational contaminants to enter the body is through breathing contaminated air.

Intake, ingestion, injection, and the skin's absorption and eyes are the four primary entrance points.

The method via which a person may come into touch with a dangerous material is referred to as an exposure pathway.There are three primary exposure routes: direct touch, ingestion, and inhalation.

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This observation indicates that water molecules have spaces between them into which sugar particles can fit.

What is meant by volume of solution?

Since a solution contains both a solute and a solvent, the volume of the solution as a whole equals the sum of the volumes of the solute and the solvent that it contains.

Hence, this observation indicates that water molecules have spaces between them into which sugar particles can fit.

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The IUPAC name of the given organic compound is E -3-methyl-4-ethyl-hept-3-en. The notation E is given because, the similar groups are in opposite directions.

For naming organic compounds, there are certain rules  called the IUPAC rules regarding the numbering of carbon atoms and naming of adding functional groups to the names.

In the given compound, the double bond is at the  third carbon in the long chain and the methyl branch is on 3rd carbon and ethyl branch  on the fourth carbon. The long chain contains total 7 carbon atoms.

The bulk groups and methyl groups are in the similar side  and hence, notation E is used. The name of the compound is ,  E -3-methyl-4-ethyl-hept-3-en.

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Enthalpy Changes the overall energy change in the substance portrayed in the graph at  48°C.

Mass (m) = 0.3 Kg

Initial temperature (T1) = 20°C

Heat (Q) added = 35 KJ

Specific heat capacity (C) = 4.18 KJ/Kg°C

Final temperature (T2)

The final temperature of water can be obtained as follow:

Q = MC(T2 – T1)

35 = 0.3 x 4.18 (T2 – 20)

35 = 1.254 (T2 – 20)

Clear the bracket

35 = 1.254T2 – 25.08

Collect like terms

1254T2 = 35 + 25.08

1.254T2 = 60.08

Divide both side by the coefficient of T2 i.e 1.254

T2 = 60.08/1.254

T2 = 47.9 ≈ 48°C

Therefore, the final temperature of the water is 48°C.

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Examples of homologous structures include the human arm, a bird or bat's wing, a dog's leg, a dolphin or whale's flipper, and a bird or a bat's wing. Despite being comparable and having similar qualities, they are separate and have different functions.

The arms of primates and bats are two common examples of homologous structures in evolutionary biology. Genetically, these two structures are related even though they do not share the same function or appearance as their most recent common ancestor.

The forelimbs of vertebrates, which are similar to the arms of primates, the front flippers of fish, and the wings of bats and birds, are an example of homologous structures.

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Draw each isomer and take into account all potential isomerisms. [Cr(NH3)5(NO2)]Cl2, the original compound; [Cr(NH3)5(ONO)] Cl2 (linkage isomerism via NO2), [Cr(NH3)5Cl)Cl(NO2) (ionization isomerism).

The two basic types of isomerism are stereoisomerism and spatial isomerism, in which the bonds between the atoms are the same but their relative positions are different, and structural as well as constitutional isomerism, in which the bonds between the atoms differ.

Their bonding patterns and the way they occupy three-dimensional space allow you to distinguish between them. By examining the bonding patterns, distinguish structural (constitutional) isomers. While the atoms in the compounds are identical, their connections create various functional groups.

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Answer:

where are the reactions.................

Explanation:

Scientists determine a nucleus' location within an atom by A. measuring half the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms.

The Covalent radius is a value used to understand the covalent bonded atoms, while the atomic number refers to the number of protons and neutrons that are present in a given atomic nucleus, which allows us to obtain the relative distance between one atom and other atoms.

This value (the atomic number) is useful in chemistry in order to determine different elements since they are composed of a variable number of positively charged protons and neutrons in the nucleus, as well as the number of negatively charged electrons in the orbitals of the atom.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the Covalent radius and atomic number are fundamental in order to determine the number of protons and neutrons and this info is associated with the relative distance observed between two bonded atoms.

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