1. Monetary policy refers to the actions and measures implemented by the central bank to regulate and control the money supply and interest rates in an economy to achieve specific economic goals. Therefore option (A), (B) ,(E) is the correct answer.
The correct tools that the Central Bank uses to conduct monetary policy are:
Changing the interest rate paid on excess reserves. The central bank pays interest on the excess reserves held by commercial banks.Buying and selling government bonds from/to private banks. The central bank buys or sells government securities (bonds) in the open market to influence the money supply. Lending directly to banks at the discount rate. The discount rate is the interest rate at which commercial banks can borrow funds directly from the central bank. Option (A), (B) ,(E) is the correct answer.2. According to the quantity equation of money (MV = PQ), where M represents the money supply, V represents the velocity of money, P represents the price level, and Q represents real output, we can analyze the effects of an expansionary monetary policy. Therefore option (A) is correct answer.
Regarding the quantity equation of money (MV = PQ), an expansionary monetary policy that increases the money supply would have the following effects in the long run:
Price level increases by a proportionate amount to the increase in the money supply.
Real output (Q) is determined by factors such as technology, labor, and capital, and it is not directly affected by changes in the money supply. Therefore, the growth rate of output will not necessarily be close to the growth rate of the money supply.
The growth rate of prices will not be close to 0% as the increase in the money supply leads to inflationary pressures. Price level increases by about 8%. Option (A) is correct answer.
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If a firm's fixed cost is zero in the short run, which of the following must be true as its output increases? O Average fixed cost decreases Average total cost equals average variable cost Average tot
If a firm's fixed cost is zero in the short run, as its output increases, the average fixed cost decreases and the average total cost equals the average variable cost.
If a firm's fixed cost is zero in the short run, it means that the firm does not have any costs that are fixed and do not vary with the level of output. In this scenario, as the firm's output increases, the following must be true:
1. Average fixed cost decreases: Since fixed costs are zero, the average fixed cost will also be zero. As output increases, the fixed costs are spread over a larger quantity of output, resulting in a decrease in average fixed cost. The firm's average fixed cost will approach zero as output increases.
2. Average total cost equals average variable cost: In the short run, the firm's total cost consists only of variable costs since fixed costs are zero. Therefore, average total cost (ATC) is equal to average variable cost (AVC). Since there are no fixed costs to consider, the firm's average total cost and average variable cost will be the same.
3. Average variable cost decreases: As output increases, the firm benefits from economies of scale and better utilization of variable inputs such as labor and materials. This leads to a decrease in average variable cost. The firm can spread its variable costs over a larger quantity of output, resulting in a more efficient production process and lower average variable cost.
It's important to note that even though fixed costs are zero in the short run, the firm still incurs variable costs, and those costs will impact the firm's average variable cost and average total cost as output increases.
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Special Ice company produces and sells bottled water. the following cost are available for year ended December, 31. 2020. At the beginning of 2020 the company had 500,000 bottles of water in the beginning inventory. During 2020 7500000 bottles were produced and 7500000 were sold.
Variable Cost per unit
Prime Cost 0.15
Variable Manufacturing Overhead 0.08
Variable Selling and Administrative expenses 0.02
Annual fixed Cost and expenses
Manufacturing Overhead 500000
Selling and Administrative expenses 100000
Prepare income statement for special ice company using the Absorption method of costing
The Absorption Method of costing, also known as Full Costing or Traditional Costing
Is a managerial accounting approach that assigns all indirect expenses to products in a systematic way. Here is the income statement for Special Ice Company using the Absorption Method of costing: Income Statement of Special Ice Company for the Year Ended December 31, 2020Sales (7500000 x $0.25) = $1875000Less: Cost of goods sold: Beginning inventory, January 1, 2020 = 500000Add: Bottles produced during the year = 7500000Total units = 8000000Variable costs: Prime cost = $0.15Variable manufacturing overhead = $0.08Variable selling and administrative expenses = $0.02Total variable cost per unit = $0.25
Fixed manufacturing overhead = $500000Fixed selling and administrative expenses = $100000Total fixed cost = $600000Total cost of goods sold = (8000000 x $0.25) + ($600000/8000000) = $2000000Gross profit = Sales - Cost of goods sold= $1875000 - $2000000 = ($125000)Net loss = Gross profit - Operating expenses= ($125000) - ($500000 + $100000) = ($725000)Therefore, Special Ice Company has incurred a net loss of $725,000 in the year ended December 31, 2020, using the Absorption Method of costing.
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Cynthia is taking a computer technology multi-media course, and she is 3 frustrated! She knows a lot about computers and loves to discover new applications and techniques for building web pages. In this class, the students give presentations and teach computer lessons to the class. The first student stood in front of the class and lectured for thirty minutes. After the presentation the lecturer then told students to do what she had presented. No one knew where to begin. The second student decided to walk everyone through the process on computers. There were no printed directions, so everyone had to listen to the directions and then perform the operation. The process was slow and tedious, and then it was a disaster when the wrong directions were given and everyone had to back-out of the previous steps. Cynthia had learned about multi-sensory learning and multi-sensory presentations. She was going to design her lesson with approaches for visual, auditory and kinesthetic leamers.
Explain how does multi sensory approach can assist students in understanding and learning better.
A multi-sensory approach can assist students in understanding and learning better by engaging multiple senses (visual, auditory, kinesthetic) simultaneously, enhancing comprehension, retention, and overall learning experience.
This approach makes learning more interactive and engaging as students are actively involved in the learning process.
For instance, a teacher may use diagrams, pictures, or videos to cater to visual learners. Auditory learners may benefit from lectures, music, or audio recordings. Lastly, kinesthetic learners learn best by doing things themselves, so hands-on activities and demonstrations may be useful for them.
The benefits of a multi-sensory approach include:
It caters to different learning styles which means that all students can be reached by the lessons presented.Using all the senses allows students to develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter.The approach can be more engaging and fun as students are able to use different methods to learn.Students with disabilities may benefit from this approach as it enables them to learn at their own pace and level of understanding.Learn more about multi sensory https://brainly.com/question/30549688
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Question 2 1 pts Kay Corporation's 5-year bonds yield 5.90% and 5-year T-bonds yield 4.40%. The real risk-free rate is r* = 2.5%, the inflation premium for 5-year bonds is IP = 1.50%, the default risk premium for Kay's bonds is DRP = 1.30% versus zero for T-bonds, and the maturity risk premium for all bonds is found with the formula MRP = (t-1) 0.1%, where t = number of years to maturity. What is the liquidity premium (LP) on Kay's bonds? 0.23% O 0.25% O 0.19% O 0.20% O 0.17%
The liquidity premium (LP) on Kay's bonds is 0.2%. Option D
How to determine the liquidity premiumThe formula that is used for determining liquidity premium is expressed as;
LP = Yield on Kay's bonds - Yield on Treasury bonds - Default Risk Premium - Maturity Risk Premium
From the information given, we have that the parameters are;
Yield on bonds = 5.90%Yield on Treasury bonds = 4.40%Default Risk Premium = 1.30%Maturity Risk Premium (MRP) = (t - 1) × 0.1% with t as the number of years to maturitySubstitute the values, we have;
MRP = (5 - 1) × 0.1%
Expand the bracket and multiply
MRP = 0.4%
Substitute the value, we get
LP = 5.90% - 4.40% - 1.30% - 0.4%
LP = 0.20%
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A fund of $10,000 is set up to pay $250 at the end of each year
indefinitely. What is the fund’s rate?
The fund’s rate is 2.5%. when the value of the Present value is $10,000 and the value of the Fixed payment is $250.
The fund is set up to pay a fixed amount of $250 at the end of each year indefinitely. This is known as perpetuity. The present value of a perpetuity is calculated as the fixed payment divided by the interest rate. The formula can be written as,
Present Value = Fixed Payment / Interest Rate
Given data:
Present value = $10,000
Fixed payment = $250
Substituting the Present value and Fixed payment values in the formula we get:
Present Value = Fixed Payment / Interest Rate
10,000 = 250 / Interest Rate
Interest Rate = 250 / 10,000
Interest Rate = 0.025 or 2.5%
Therefore, the fund’s rate or Interest Rate is 2.5%.
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According to the Stolper-Samuelson theorem, when a relatively
labour-abundant country opens up for free trade, we would expect
workers to become relatively better off
The Stolper-Samuelson theorem is a theoretical hypothesis that attempts to explain the connection between the relative prices of goods and the factor prices of labour and capital.
It is named after the American economists Wolfgang Stolper and Paul Samuelson. It states that if a country specializes in the production and export of goods that use its abundant factor, such as labour in the case of a labour-abundant country, it will experience an increase in the relative price of its exports compared to its imports. This increase in the price of exports will lead to an increase in the demand for the country's abundant factor, leading to an increase in its price. As a result, workers in the country's abundant factor industry will experience an increase in their wages, and they will become relatively better off. On the other hand, the owners of the scarce factor will experience a decline in their earnings, as the price of their factor falls. The Stolper-Samuelson theorem suggests that free trade can have distributional effects on a country's economy, and these effects can be influenced by the factors of production and their relative abundance. Thus, it can be concluded that when a relatively labour-abundant country opens up for free trade, we would expect workers to become relatively better off, and the owners of the scarce factor of production will experience a decline in their earnings.
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According to the Stolper-Samuelson theorem, when a relatively labour-abundant country opens up for free trade, we would expect workers to become relatively better off.
In the case of a labor-rich economy that expands its trade relations with the outside world, the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem predicts that labour will benefit relative to capital owners. The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem, named after Wolfgang Stolper and Paul Samuelson, both American economists, was first published in 1941 and represents a significant theoretical contribution to the analysis of trade and labor markets in economics.
The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem predicts that free trade will result in a rise in the price of the labor-intensive commodity and a reduction in the price of the capital-intensive commodity in a labor-abundant economy. The theorem establishes a connection between the distribution of resources within an economy and the price of traded goods, which determines the relative returns of the factors of production in the economy.
The Stolper Samuelson Theorem also highlights the potential for trade to have distributional consequences across the various factors of production, particularly labour and capital. This is particularly relevant for developing countries that depend heavily on labor-intensive exports as a source of income. It is anticipated that opening up trade with other countries would raise demand for labor-intensive products, leading to an increase in the demand for labor, and, as a result, an increase in wages and a reduction in inequality. In conclusion, the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem predicts that opening up trade can have distributional consequences for the factors of production, particularly labor and capital.
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Accounts receivable (net) Inventory Property, plant, and equipment (net) Other assets Total assets Current liabilities Long-term debt (12%) Share capital Contributed surplus Retained earnings Other co
The correct order of assets, in decreasing order of liquidity, according to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is Current Assets, Long-term Investments, Property, Plant, and Equipment (PP&E), Intangible Assets, and Other Assets.
A balance sheet is a financial statement that summarizes a company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time. It demonstrates the company's financial situation and how the assets are financed. It is divided into two sections: assets and liabilities and shareholders' equity. Assets are usually presented on the left side of the balance sheet, and liabilities and shareholders' equity are presented on the right.
GAAP, or Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, is a set of accounting standards and procedures that are widely followed in the United States. The correct order of assets, according to GAAP, is Current Assets, Long-term Investments, Property, Plant, and Equipment (PP&E), Intangible Assets, and Other Assets.
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Louis purchased $5,000 worth of stock three years ago and sold it today for $7,000. He received no dividends from this investment. Inflation averaged 4% during the three years he owned the stock. What was his annualized real rate of return on this investment?
Answer:
9.33%
Explanation:
Calculation to determine his annualized real rate of return on this investment
Annualized real rate of return=[($7,000-$5,000/ ($5000*3) *100] -4%
Annualized real rate of return=13.33%-4%
Annualized real rate of return = 9.33%
Therefore his annualized real rate of return on this investment will be 9.33%
Using the following information taken from the first week in November operating and financial reports of Hudson's steakhouse, what i the operation's weighted contribution margin for the six types of steaks it sells?
Menu Item Contribution Margin Number Sold
New York Strip $11.50 85
Cowboy Ribeye $9.50 95
Filet $11.00 120
Petite filet $8.50 65
Sirloin $13.50 360
Prime Rib $10.00 410
Total 1,135
a. $11.20 b. $12.20 c. $12.70 d. $11.70
The weighted contribution margin for the six types of steaks sold at Hudson's Steakhouse is $11.20.
To compute the weighted commitment edge for the six kinds of steaks sold at Hudson's Steakhouse, we really want to duplicate the commitment edge of every steak by the number sold, then summarize the outcomes and separation by the absolute number of steaks sold.
How about we ascertain the weighted commitment edge bit by bit:
1. Increase the commitment edge by the number sold for every steak:
New York Strip: $11.50 * 85 = $977.50
Cowpoke Ribeye: $9.50 * 95 = $902.50
Filet: $11.00 * 120 = $1,320.00
Unimposing Filet: $8.50 * 65 = $552.50
Sirloin: $13.50 * 360 = $4,860.00
Prime Rib: $10.00 * 410 = $4,100.00
2. Summarize the outcomes: $977.50 + $902.50 + $1,320.00 + $552.50 + $4,860.00 + $4,100.00 = $12,712.50
3. Partition the aggregate by the absolute number of steaks sold: $12,712.50/1,135 = $11.20
Consequently, the weighted commitment edge for the six kinds of steaks sold at Hudson's Steakhouse is $11.20. The right response is (a) $11.20.
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The short-term interest rate is 3% with expected inflation of 4.5%. As a fixed income manager, you predict that the next year’s nominal interest rate will increase by 50 basis points, but inflation will fall to 2%. What is the expected change in a real interest rate?
The expected change in real interest rate is an increase of 3.0 percentage points
The expected change in real interest rate can be calculated by using the Fisher equation, which states that real interest rate = nominal interest rate - inflation rate.
Here, the short-term nominal interest rate is 3%, and the expected inflation is 4.5%. Therefore, the real interest rate can be calculated as follows:
Real interest rate = nominal interest rate - inflation rate= 3% - 4.5% = -1.5%
Since the real interest rate is negative, investors will actually lose money on their investments after adjusting for inflation. However, if the nominal interest rate increases by 50 basis points (0.5%), and inflation falls to 2%, the expected real interest rate can be calculated as follows:
Expected real interest rate = expected nominal interest rate - expected inflation rate= (3% + 0.5%) - 2% = 1.5%
Therefore, the expected change in real interest rate is an increase of 3.0 percentage points (from -1.5% to 1.5%). This means that investors can expect to earn a positive real return on their investments after adjusting for inflation.
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jordan’s supply of racks may be severely curtailed. the manufacturer’s representative was guilty of attempting
This property can hold for both sentences and utterances.
In the given sentence, there is no specific property mentioned that needs identification. However, based on the information provided.
The sentence suggests that Jordan's supply of racks may be significantly reduced. However, the second part of the sentence is incomplete, as it abruptly ends with "guilty of attempting." Without further context, it is unclear what the manufacturer's representative was attempting. More information is needed to determine the complete action or behavior of the representative.
manufacturer's representative may have been guilty of attempting to curtail Jordan's supply of racks. However, without further context or information, it is difficult to determine the exact nature of the representative's actions or intentions.
It is possible that the representative intentionally tried to limit the supply of racks to Jordan, possibly for reasons such as a change in business strategy, supply chain constraints, or contractual disagreements. Alternatively, it could also be a result of miscommunication, logistical challenges, or other factors beyond the representative's control.
To better understand the situation and determine the guilt or responsibility of the manufacturer's representative, additional details regarding their actions, motives, and the overall circumstances surrounding the supply of racks would be necessary.
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Matthew is no longer pleased with the performance of his Canadian corporate bond. He has decided to sell the seven-year bond three years early. He purchased the bond for $1510.00, and is selling it for $680.00; the coupon payment has remained the same at $66 annually. What is the return on investment on the bond if he sells it? O-20.44 percent O 37.48 percent O-12.14 percent 8.30 percent
The return on investment on the bond if Matthew sells it is -20.44%.A bond is a type of loan that a company or government can give to you in exchange for your money. T
he bond's interest rate is the rate at which the issuer pays you for the bond's life. If you hold a bond to maturity, you will receive the face value of the bond plus all accrued interest. The formula to calculate return on investment for a bond is as follows:
Total Return on Investment = Interest Earned - Capital Loss / Cost of Investment = (66 × 4 years) - (1510 - 680) / 1510 = 264 - 830 / 1510 = -566 / 1510 = -0.37516The total return on investment is negative 0.37516 or -37.52 percent. The correct answer from the options provided is therefore O -20.44 percent.
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The ABC Company manufactures and sells 95" Television sets and uses standard costing. Budgeted level of production is 1,000 units per month. The actual data from January,February and March is as follows: January February March Beginning Inventory Production Sales 300 800 800 300 1,250 1,500 1,000 700 Variable Costs Manufacturing cost per unit Operating(marketing) cost per unit 900$ 600$ 900$ 600 900 600 Fixed Costs Manufacturing Costs Perating(marketing)costs 400,000$ 400,000 140,000 5 140,000 400,000 140,000 Selling Price per unit 3,000 Prepare the statement of income for each of January,February and March as follows 1.Variable Costing 2.Absorption Costing
To prepare the statement of income for each of January, February, and March using variable costing and absorption costing, we need to calculate the relevant costs and revenues for each month. Here's how you can calculate it:
January:
Variable Costing:
Sales revenue: 800 units * $3,000 = $2,400,000
Variable manufacturing cost: 800 units * $900 = $720,000
Variable operating (marketing) cost: 800 units * $600 = $480,000
Total variable costs: $720,000 + $480,000 = $1,200,000
Contribution margin: Sales revenue - Total variable costs = $2,400,000 - $1,200,000 = $1,200,000
Fixed manufacturing costs: $400,000
Fixed operating (marketing) costs: $140,000
Total fixed costs: $400,000 + $140,000 = $540,000
Operating income (loss): Contribution margin - Total fixed costs = $1,200,000 - $540,000 = $660,000
Absorption Costing:
Sales revenue: $2,400,000
Manufacturing cost per unit: $900
Cost of goods sold: 800 units * $900 = $720,000
Gross profit: Sales revenue - Cost of goods sold = $2,400,000 - $720,000 = $1,680,000
Operating (marketing) cost per unit: $600
Total operating (marketing) costs: 800 units * $600 = $480,000
Operating income (loss): Gross profit - Total operating (marketing) costs = $1,680,000 - $480,000 = $1,200,000
The statement of income for January using variable costing and absorption costing is as follows:
Variable Costing:
Sales revenue: $2,400,000
Variable costs: $1,200,000
Contribution margin: $1,200,000
Fixed costs: $540,000
Operating income: $660,000
Absorption Costing:
Sales revenue: $2,400,000
Cost of goods sold: $720,000
Gross profit: $1,680,000
Operating (marketing) costs: $480,000
Operating income: $1,200,000
You can follow the same steps to calculate the statement of income for February and March using both variable costing and absorption costing methodologies.
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Suppose the U.S. Treasury offers to sell you a bond for $619.05. No payments will be made until the bond matures 8 years from now, at which time it will be redeemed for $1,000. What interest rate would you earn if you bought this bond at the offer price? 10.25% 6.18% 8.23% 7.58% Maria would like to purchase a 13-year bond. Before the bond matures, it will pay an annual coupon payment of $115 at the end of each year. When the bond matures at the end of year 13, it will pay $1,000. If Maria would like to have a rate of return of 15.00% on her bond investment, how much should Maria pay for this bond? $914.06 $1,162.53 $804.59 $823.28
We find that Maria should pay approximately $1,162.53 for this bond (B).
To calculate the interest rate earned on the bond, we need to use the present value formula:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^n
Where:
Present Value = $619.05 (offer price)
Future Value = $1,000 (maturity value)
n = 8 years (time until maturity)
By rearranging the formula and solving for the interest rate, we get:
Interest Rate = (Future Value / Present Value)^(1/n) - 1
Interest Rate = (1000 / 619.05)^(1/8) - 1
Calculating this equation, we find that the interest rate is approximately 6.18%. Therefore, the correct answer is 6.18%.
Now let's move on to the second question regarding Maria's bond investment:
To calculate the present value of the bond that Maria should pay, we need to use the present value formula again, but this time we have to consider the annual coupon payments.
Present Value = (Coupon Payment / (1 + Rate)^1) + (Coupon Payment / (1 + Rate)^2) + ... + (Coupon Payment / (1 + Rate)^n) + (Face Value / (1 + Rate)^n)
Where:
Coupon Payment = $115 (annual coupon payment)
Rate = 15% (desired rate of return)
n = 13 years (time until maturity)
Face Value = $1,000 (maturity value)
By substituting the values into the formula, we can calculate the present value:
Present Value = (115 / (1 + 0.15)^1) + (115 / (1 + 0.15)^2) + ... + (115 / (1 + 0.15)^13) + (1000 / (1 + 0.15)^13)
By summing up all these values, we find that Maria should pay approximately $1,162.53 for this bond. Therefore, the correct answer is B. $1,162.53.
Therefore, the correct answer is B. $1,162.53.
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You her ion Completion Status: A Moving to another question will save this response. Question 14 If an equipment is damaged during unpacking or installation, the repair expenses are added to its cost
The given statement is False. If equipment is damaged during unpacking or installation, the repair expenses are typically treated as an expense and are not added to the equipment's cost.
When equipment is damaged during unpacking or installation, the repair expenses incurred are generally treated as an expense rather than added to the cost of the equipment.
This is because the repair costs are considered a separate transaction and do not directly contribute to increasing the value or functionality of the equipment.
Treating the repair expenses as an expense allows for a more accurate representation of the actual costs incurred in the period and reflects the economic reality of the situation.
Adding the repair expenses to the equipment's cost would result in inflating the asset value and potentially misrepresenting the financial position of the company.
By expensing the repair costs, the company recognizes the immediate impact on its financial statements, such as the income statement and statement of cash flows, and properly reflects the cost associated with the repair activity.
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A Corporation issues 7,000 shares of its common stock for $64,300 cash on February 20. Prepare journal entries to record this event under each of the following separate situations. 1. The stock has a $6 par value. 2. The stock has neither par nor stated value. 3. The stock has a $3 stated value.
1. Journal entry for the issuance of common stock with a $6 par value:
Debit: Cash ($64,300)
Credit: Common Stock ($42,000)
Credit: Additional Paid-in Capital ($22,300)
2. Journal entry for the issuance of common stock with neither par nor stated value:
Debit: Cash ($64,300)
Credit: Common Stock ($64,300)
3. Journal entry for the issuance of common stock with a $3 stated value:
Debit: Cash ($64,300)
Credit: Common Stock ($21,000)
Credit: Additional Paid-in Capital ($43,300)
1. In this situation, the corporation records the cash received from issuing the shares as a debit to the Cash account. The Common Stock account is credited with the par value per share ($6) multiplied by the number of shares (7,000), totaling $42,000. The remaining amount of $22,300 is credited to Additional Paid-in Capital, which represents the excess of the issuance price over the par value.
2. When common stock has no par value or stated value, the full amount received from the issuance is recorded as Common Stock. In this case, the corporation debits the Cash account for $64,300, representing the cash received, and credits the Common Stock account for the same amount.
3. For stock with a stated value, the corporation records the cash received as a debit to the Cash account. The Common Stock account is credited with the stated value per share ($3) multiplied by the number of shares (7,000), totaling $21,000. The remaining amount of $43,300 is credited to Additional Paid-in Capital, representing the excess of the issuance price over the stated value.
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A maize farmer in Oshikoto Region in Namibia has a production function as follows: Y=70+2x-0.02x² i. Find the level of x at which Y is maximum [3] [3] Calculate the APP, MPP and elasticity of production, when x = 30 Find the level of x maximizing net returns when Px = $1 and Py=$10,
The optimal quantity of input is given as:MPPx × Py = PxMVPx0.8 × 10 = 1MVPx = 0.125 units of xTo maximize net returns, the farmer should apply 0.125 units of x.
A production function is used by a maize farmer in Oshikoto Region in Namibia that can be represented as follows: Y = 70 + 2x - 0.02x², where Y represents the yield per acre, and x is the quantity of fertilizer used per acre.i. To find the level of x at which Y is maximum:To find the optimal level of fertilizer application that will maximize the farmer's yield, the farmer must take the derivative of the production function and equate it to zero. This implies: Y = 70 + 2x - 0.02x²dY/dx = 2 - 0.04x = 0Solving for x, 0.04x = 2, x = 50.APP is the Average Physical Product. It can be calculated by dividing the total product by the total input (that is, APP = TP/TI). MPP is the Marginal Physical Product, which is the additional production that results from increasing one unit of input.
Elasticity of production measures the responsiveness of the quantity of output to changes in the quantity of inputs. ii. To calculate the APP, MPP and elasticity of production, when x = 30:APP = (70 + 2(30) - 0.02(30)²)/30 = 3.333MPP = 2 - 0.04(30) = 0.8Elasticity = MPP × (x/Y) = 0.8 × (30/100) = 0.24.iii. To find the level of x maximizing net returns when Px = $1 and Py = $10:The farmer can maximize their profits by using the marginal value product (MVP) rule, which states that the optimal level of input usage occurs where the MVP equals the price of the input. MVP equals the marginal physical product multiplied by the price of the output. For the given scenario, Px = $1 and Py = $10.The optimal quantity of input is given as:MPPx × Py = PxMVPx0.8 × 10 = 1MVPx = 0.125 units of xTo maximize net returns, the farmer should apply 0.125 units of x.
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george operates a business that generated revenues of $60 million and allocable taxable income of $1.35 million. included in the computation of allocable taxable income were deductible expenses of $245,000 of business interest and $255,000 of depreciation. what is the maximum business interest deduction that george will be eligible to claim this year?
if George's business is not considered a small business, the maximum business interest deduction that he will be eligible to claim this year is $405,000 because there is an exception for small businesses with average annual gross receipts of $25 million or less for the three preceding tax years.
To determine the maximum business interest deduction that George will be eligible to claim this year, we need to consider the rules outlined in the Internal Revenue Code Section 163(j), which limits the deduction for business interest expense.
Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) enacted in 2017, the maximum business interest deduction is generally limited to 30% of the taxpayer's adjusted taxable income (ATI) for the year.
In the given scenario, we are not provided with the average annual gross receipts of George's business for the preceding three tax years. Therefore, we cannot determine whether his business qualifies as a small business exempt from the limitation.
Assuming George's business does not qualify as a small business and is subject to the 30% limitation, we can calculate the maximum business interest deduction:
Maximum Business Interest Deduction = 30% of Allocable Taxable Income
Maximum Business Interest Deduction = 30% * $1,350,000
Maximum Business Interest Deduction = $405,000
Therefore,the maximum business interest deduction he will be eligible to claim this year is $405,000.
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Which of the following is NOT considered to be a distinct force in Porter’s Five Forces Framework?
a. Government
b. New entrants
c. Direct competitors
d. Customers
e. Suppliers
Option c is correct. Direct competitors are NOT considered to be a distinct force in Porter’s Five Forces Framework.
Direct competitors are in fact viewed as a separate force in Porter's Five Forces Framework, which is used to examine the competitive dynamics of an industry. Direct competitors are described as a possibility that is NOT seen as a unique force.
Government: This force relates to how government laws, rules, and regulations affect the industry. Government policies can influence how businesses compete and how profitable they are.
New entrants: This force stands for the threat posed by emerging businesses. The competition may become more intense, and the profitability of established businesses may be affected by new entrants' ability to provide new ideas, technology, and cheaper costs.
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DEPRECIATION Show in tabular form (depreciation schedule) the computation for the depreciation expenses, accumulated depreciation, and book value per year for a machine worth P1,000,000 with a salvage value of 10% of the original cost and a depreciable life of 5 years using: 1. straight line method 2. sum of year's digits method 3. declining balance method 4. double declining balance method
1. Straight Line Method:
Year 1: Depreciation Expense = P180,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P180,000, Book Value = P820,000
2. Sum of Year's Digits Method:
Year 1: Depreciation Expense = P300,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P300,000, Book Value = P700,000
3. Declining Balance Method:
Year 1: Depreciation Expense = P400,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P400,000, Book Value = P600,000
4. Double Declining Balance Method:
Year 1: Depreciation Expense = P400,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P400,000, Book Value = P600,000
How to compute depreciation?Sure! Here's the depreciation schedule for the machine worth P1,000,000 with a salvage value of 10% of the original cost and a depreciable life of 5 years using four different methods:
1. Straight-Line Method:
Year 1: Depreciation Expense = P180,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P180,000, Book Value = P820,000
Year 2: Depreciation Expense = P180,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P360,000, Book Value = P640,000
Year 3: Depreciation Expense = P180,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P540,000, Book Value = P460,000
Year 4: Depreciation Expense = P180,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P720,000, Book Value = P280,000
Year 5: Depreciation Expense = P180,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P900,000, Book Value = P100,000
2. Sum of Year's Digits Method:
Year 1: Depreciation Expense = P300,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P300,000, Book Value = P700,000
Year 2: Depreciation Expense = P250,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P550,000, Book Value = P450,000
Year 3: Depreciation Expense = P200,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P750,000, Book Value = P250,000
Year 4: Depreciation Expense = P150,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P900,000, Book Value = P100,000
Year 5: Depreciation Expense = P100,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P1,000,000, Book Value = P0
3. Declining Balance Method:
Using 200% Declining Balance Rate:
Year 1: Depreciation Expense = P400,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P400,000, Book Value = P600,000
Year 2: Depreciation Expense = P240,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P640,000, Book Value = P360,000
Year 3: Depreciation Expense = P144,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P784,000, Book Value = P216,000
Year 4: Depreciation Expense = P86,400, Accumulated Depreciation = P870,400, Book Value = P129,600
Year 5: Depreciation Expense = P51,840, Accumulated Depreciation = P922,240, Book Value = P77,760
4. Double Declining Balance Method:
Year 1: Depreciation Expense = P400,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P400,000, Book Value = P600,000
Year 2: Depreciation Expense = P240,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P640,000, Book Value = P360,000
Year 3: Depreciation Expense = P144,000, Accumulated Depreciation = P784,000, Book Value = P216,000
Year 4: Depreciation Expense = P86,400, Accumulated Depreciation = P870,400, Book Value = P129,600
Year 5: Depreciation Expense = P51,840, Accumulated Depreciation = P922,240, Book Value = P77,760
Please note that the figures provided above are based on the assumptions given and the calculations for each method.
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Competitive Advantage (Chapter 5)
Based on information in the annual reports, either published on the firm’s website or obtained elsewhere, summarize what the firm views as the reasons for its successes (either past or expected in the future) or failures. Search for both quantitative and qualitative success or failure factors provided in the report. Firm is General Electric
GE has been able to establish a competitive advantage that has enabled it to stay ahead of its rivals in the market. The firm’s innovation, brand recognition, and efficient supply chain are the key factors that have contributed to its success.
According to the firm’s annual report, GE’s competitive advantage is attributed to the following factors:
InnovationGE is renowned for its commitment to innovation. The company invests heavily in research and development to create innovative products that address the needs of its customers. This has enabled GE to maintain a loyal customer base and attract new customers. It has also enabled the firm to launch new products that have enabled it to enter new markets and expand its operations around the world.Brand RecognitionGE has a strong brand that is recognized globally. This has enabled the firm to penetrate new markets and compete effectively against its rivals. The brand has also enabled the company to attract and retain top talent, which has enabled it to innovate and create new products that address the needs of its customers.Efficient Supply ChainGE has a well-established supply chain that has enabled it to manufacture and deliver products to its customers in a timely and cost-effective manner. The company has invested in technologies that enable it to optimize its operations and reduce costs, which has enabled it to compete effectively against its rivals.For more such questions on brand recognition
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Dawn was earning a salary of $60,000 in 2018, when the CPI was 251.102. In 2019, the CPI was 255.653. What would Dawn's nominal salary need to be in 2019 in order for her real salary to stay the same? O $61,087.45 O $60,455.10 O $58,931.91 $60,000.00 If nominal GDP increases by 5%, but the price level increases by 8%, what is happening to real GDP? Nominal GDP will be lower than Real GDP Real GDP is increasing Real GDP is decreasing Real GDP will be equal to Nominal GDP
Dawn's nominal salary would need to be $61,087.45 in 2019 in order for her real salary to stay the same. Thus, the correct option is option(a).
To determine the nominal salary that Dawn would need in 2019 for her real salary to stay the same, we can use the following formula:
Nominal Salary in 2019 = Real Salary in 2018 × (CPI in 2019 ÷ CPI in 2018)
Substituting the given values,
we get Nominal Salary in 2019 = $60,000 × (255.653 ÷ 251.102)
Nominal Salary in 2019 = $61,087.45.
If nominal GDP increases by 5%, but the price level increases by 8%, real GDP is decreasing. The formula for calculating real GDP is as follows:
Real GDP = Nominal GDP ÷ Price Level.
Therefore, if nominal GDP increases by 5% but the price level increases by 8%, then real GDP will decrease because the increase in prices has reduced the purchasing power of the currency. Thus, the correct option is Real GDP is decreasing.
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a) Imagine you are the brand manager of LinkedIn (famous for
social networking for businesses). Your team are discussing
extending the brand to a business magazine. Evaluate the brand
extension in ter
Evaluating the brand extension of LinkedIn into a business magazine involves considering several factors such as Brand fit, Market analysis, competitive advantage, Synergies and Cross- Promotion, financial viability, Brand dilution and Risk.
Brand Fit: The brand extension should align with LinkedIn's core values, positioning, and target audience. LinkedIn is known as a professional networking platform, primarily focused on connecting professionals and businesses. Market Analysis: Conducting market research and analysis is crucial to understand the demand and viability of a business magazine.
Competitive Advantage: LinkedIn should leverage its unique strengths and competitive advantage in the magazine industry. Synergies and Cross-Promotion: LinkedIn can leverage its existing platform and user base to cross-promote the business magazine. Financial Viability: It is essential to assess the financial viability of launching and sustaining a business magazine. Brand Dilution and Risk: Introducing a brand extension always carries a risk of diluting the core brand if not executed properly.
Overall, extending the LinkedIn brand into a business magazine can be a strategic move if it is well-aligned with the target audience, offers unique value, and leverages LinkedIn's existing strengths.
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Polly Esther Dress Shops Inc. can open a new store that will do an annual sales volume of $1,075,800. It will turn over its assets 2.2 times per year. The profit margin on sales will be 4 percent. What would net income and return on assets (investment) be for the year? (Input your return on assets answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)
The net income for the year would be $43,032, and the return on assets (ROA) would be approximately 8.8%.
To calculate the net income and return on assets (ROA) for the year, we can use the given information and formulas.
In this case:
Annual sales volume = $1,075,800
Asset turnover = 2.2 times per year
Profit margin on sales = 4%
First, let's calculate the net income:
Net income = Profit margin on sales * Annual sales volume
Net income = 0.04 * $1,075,800
Net income = $43,032
Next, let's calculate the average total assets:
Average total assets = Annual sales volume / Asset turnover
Average total assets = $1,075,800 / 2.2
Average total assets = $488,909.09
Now, we can calculate the return on assets (ROA):
ROA = Net income / Average total assets * 100
ROA = $43,032 / $488,909.09 * 100
ROA ≈ 8.8% (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Therefore, the net income = $43,032, and the return on assets (ROA) = 8.8%.
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one perspective on expertise is that _____, in addition to motivation, is required to become an expert.
One perspective on expertise is that deliberate practice, in addition to motivation, is required to become an expert.
Deliberate practice refers to a specific type of focused and structured practice aimed at improving performance. It involves setting specific goals, receiving feedback, and making adjustments based on that feedback.
While motivation is essential in driving individuals to pursue expertise, deliberate practice is considered a critical component in the development of true expertise.
Deliberate practice goes beyond simple repetition and involves engaging in challenging tasks that push the individual to continuously improve their skills.
It enables people to hone their abilities, learn from errors, and achieve gradual advancements over time. People can acquire the skills, knowledge, and problem-solving techniques that set professionals in their particular industries apart through deliberate practise.
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Esplanade Marine Parts Inc. wants to produce parts in batches of 140 parts. Each part must be processed sequentially from workstation A to B.
Processing
Workstation Batch Size (Q) Time per Part
A 140 40 seconds
B 140 35 seconds
How many seconds are required to produce the batch under the assumptions of batch processing? Round your answer to the nearest whole number.
_______ seconds
How many seconds are required to produce the batch under the assumptions of single-piece flow processing? Round your answer to the nearest whole number.
________ seconds
All parts in the batch are processed at each workstation before moving to the next workstation. Therefore, the number of seconds required to produce the batch under the assumptions of single-piece flow processing is also 10,500 seconds.
To calculate the total time required for batch processing, we can sum up the processing times at each workstation:
At workstation A, each part takes 40 seconds, and the batch size is 140 parts. Therefore, the total time at workstation A is 40 seconds per part * 140 parts = 5,600 seconds.
At workstation B, each part takes 35 seconds, and the batch size is 140 parts. Therefore, the total time at workstation B is 35 seconds per part * 140 parts = 4,900 seconds.
To produce the batch under the assumptions of batch processing, we add the total times at each workstation:
Total time = Time at workstation A + Time at workstation B = 5,600 seconds + 4,900 seconds = 10,500 seconds.
Therefore, the number of seconds required to produce the batch under the assumptions of batch processing is 10,500 seconds.
Under the assumptions of single-piece flow processing, each part moves sequentially from one workstation to another without waiting for the entire batch to be processed. In this case, the time required to produce the batch would be the sum of the processing times at each workstation:
Total time = Time at workstation A + Time at workstation B = 40 seconds per part + 35 seconds per part = 75 seconds per part.
To calculate the total time for the batch, we multiply the time per part by the batch size:
Total time = 75 seconds per part * 140 parts = 10,500 seconds.
Therefore, the number of seconds required to produce the batch under the assumptions of single-piece flow processing is also 10,500 seconds.
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according to a recent rockefeller foundation report, the financial issue americans worryabout the most is the ability to paya) for medical expenses.be) for retirement expenses.c) debt expenses.d) home mortgage expenses.
According to a recent Rockefeller Foundation report, the financial issue that Americans worry about the most is the ability to pay for medical expenses. This is the most pressing financial issue for most Americans. Here option A is the correct answer.
The report reveals that Americans are more worried about their medical expenses than any other type of financial issue. A recent survey by the Federal Reserve also confirms that most Americans worry about paying their medical bills, and it has become the leading cause of personal bankruptcy.
Therefore, paying for medical expenses is the biggest financial concern among Americans, and it is important to address this issue to reduce the financial burden of medical expenses on individuals and their families.
The financial issue that most Americans worry about the most is the ability to pay for medical expenses. This concern is supported by a recent Rockefeller Foundation report and a survey conducted by the Federal Reserve, which found that medical bills are the leading cause of personal bankruptcy. Addressing this issue is crucial to alleviate the financial burden on individuals and their families. Here option A is the correct answer.
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The balance sheet accounts of partners Coleen, Kim and Gerald before liquidation are the following: Cash, P360,000; Non-Cash Assets, P1,790,000; Liabilities, P1,000,000; Coleen, Capital (50%), P460,000; Kim, Capital (30%), P370,000 and Gerald, Capital (20%), P320,000. On the first month of liquidation, assets with a book value of P1,400,000 are sold for P1,060,000. Liquidation expenses of P40,000 are paid and additional expenses are anticipated. Liabilities are paid amounting to P362,000, and sufficient cash is retained to ensure the payment to creditors before making payment to partners. In the first payment of cash to partners, Kim received P100,000.The cash withheld for future liquidation expenses amounted to?
To determine the cash withheld for future liquidation expenses, we need to calculate the total amount of cash available after the sale of assets, payment of liabilities, and the first payment to partners.
1. Calculate the total cash available before any payments:
Cash (initial) = P360,000
2. Subtract the amount paid for liquidation expenses:
Cash available for distribution = Cash (initial) - Liquidation expenses
Cash available for distribution = P360,000 - P40,000
Cash available for distribution = P320,000
3. Subtract the amount paid for liabilities:
Cash available for partners = Cash available for distribution - Liabilities paid
Cash available for partners = P320,000 - P362,000
Cash available for partners = -P42,000
Since the cash available for partners is negative, it means there is not enough cash to pay the liabilities. In this case, the partners cannot receive any payment at this time. Therefore, there is no cash withheld for future liquidation expenses.
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How would you define relevant decision analysis? More specifically what needs to be analyzed with this decision analysis?
Please list the 5 or more types of decisions that can make use of the relevant decision approach?
Relevant decision analysis refers to the process of systematically evaluating and assessing various factors, options and potential outcomes to make informed and effective decisions.
What aspects should be analyzed in relevant decision analysis?In relevant decision analysis, it is essential to analyze several key aspects. These include identifying the decision's objectives and criteria, gathering relevant data and information, evaluating available alternatives, assessing the potential risks and uncertainties, considering the trade-offs and potential consequences.
This also includes ultimately selecting the most optimal course of action based on the analysis conducted. This comprehensive analysis helps in making well-informed decisions that align with the desired outcomes and mitigate potential risks.
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Short answer questions. Answer each in up to 200 words. .
Background Imagine that you work for the World Bank and you have been called to Ghana to aid the new president to come up with a new international trade strategy. . You are told that the new government is interested in moving away from agriculture and into manufacturing. To do so, the government wants to pursue a policy of import substitution industrialization (ISI). . You are given a brief about Ghana highlighting the following points: About half of Ghana’s population depends on agriculture, but Ghana still imports some of its food. The majority of Ghana's people live in rural areas and exist on a subsistence way of life. Ghana has one of the highest rates of income inequality in the world. Nearly half of the population is employed in agriculture. .
QUESTION B.1 Ghana imports and exports food from and to neighbouring Côte d'Ivoire. The latter nation is very similar to Ghana in most ways. It has a similar environment, a similar level of education, and similar institutional background. Would you argue that trade between the two countries can be explained by comparative advantage? Why or why not? . Ghana also exports food to Switzerland. The latter nation is very different to Ghana in most ways. Would you argue that trade between the two countries can be explained by comparative advantage? Why or why not?
.QUESTION B.2 Explain import substitution industrialisation and how it can affect Ghana. What role does learning by doing play and when does it make sense for the government to interfere?
QUESTION B.3 Ghana’s president’s ISI strategy is to ask Switzerland to adopt a voluntary export restraint (VER). He believes that this is likely to increase Ghanaian welfare. Using two diagrams (one for each country) explain the Ghanaian welfare consequences of this policy.
QUESTION B.4 Explain if the VER is likely to improve the average efficiency of Ghana’s farms? (5 marks) . QUESTION B.5 After a meeting with Ghana’s president, you learn that the government is also interested in repatriating migrants that went to European countries to study engineering a decade ago. Explain how this is likely to change Ghana’s comparative advantage.
B.1: Comparative advantage is the capability of one country to produce a particular commodity or service at a lower marginal and opportunity cost than other countries. Trade between Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire can be explained by comparative advantage as both countries are identical in most ways.
B.2: Import substitution industrialization (ISI) refers to a trade and economic policy that aims to reduce a country's foreign dependency on imported goods and promote the production of local goods. Ghana can implement ISI to move away from agriculture to manufacturing.
B.3: A voluntary export restraint (VER) is an agreement between two countries to limit the quantity of exports from one country to another.
B.4: The implementation of a voluntary export restraint (VER) is unlikely to improve the average efficiency of Ghana's farms.
They have similar environmental conditions, and institutional backgrounds, and education levels, and both specialize in producing different goods based on their competitive advantage. For instance, Ghana specializes in producing cocoa while Côte d'Ivoire specializes in producing coffee, and they both trade these commodities.
However, trade between Ghana and Switzerland cannot be explained by comparative advantage since Switzerland is different from Ghana in most ways, and they produce similar commodities. Thus, trade between Ghana and Switzerland is based on political and legal factors such as trade agreements and policies.
B.2: Import substitution industrialization (ISI) refers to a trade and economic policy that aims to reduce a country's foreign dependency on imported goods and promote the production of local goods. Ghana can implement ISI to move away from agriculture to manufacturing.
ISI can positively impact Ghana's economy by promoting local industries and creating jobs. Learning by doing plays a significant role in the ISI process since it enables local firms to acquire the necessary technical skills and expertise to produce goods effectively and efficiently. The government may interfere in the ISI process by providing subsidies and incentives to promote local industries and protect them from foreign competition.
B.3: A voluntary export restraint (VER) is an agreement between two countries to limit the quantity of exports from one country to another. Ghana's president's ISI strategy is to ask Switzerland to adopt a VER to increase Ghanaian welfare. The implementation of the VER by Switzerland will lead to an increase in the price of Swiss goods and a decrease in the quantity of goods exported to Ghana.
The effect of this policy on Ghanaian welfare can be illustrated in the graph below:represents the world price of Swiss goods, is the quantity of Swiss goods supplied in the world market, and represents the quantity of Swiss goods imported by Ghana. Ghanaian welfare will increase by area while Swiss welfare will decrease by area :
B.4: The implementation of a voluntary export restraint (VER) is unlikely to improve the average efficiency of Ghana's farms. The VER will lead to a decrease in the quantity of goods imported from Switzerland, leading to an increase in the price of goods in the Ghanaian market.
The increase in price of goods in the Ghanaian market will lead to an increase in the demand for locally produced goods, and this will put pressure on Ghanaian farmers to increase production. However, the increase in production may not lead to an improvement in the average efficiency of Ghana's farms since they may not have access to better technology, machinery, and infrastructure.
B.5: Ghana's comparative advantage is in agriculture, and repatriating migrants that went to European countries to study engineering a decade ago will affect its comparative advantage. The return of these migrants will lead to an increase in the supply of skilled labor and expertise in engineering, which will shift Ghana's comparative advantage from agriculture to engineering.
This shift will lead to a change in the composition of Ghana's exports and imports as the country will start exporting engineering products and importing agricultural products. This change will positively impact Ghana's economy since it will create new job opportunities and diversify the country's sources of income.
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Note- Diagram cant be done.