Which of the following is NOT a factor in enzyme kinetics? A. Straining the substrate bonds B. Forming a favorable microenvironment for the substrate C. Moving the bond angle between hydrogens D. Orienting the substrate(s)​

DNA a chromosome's starting point for synthesis is where replication begins.

When a cell divides, it is essential that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the DNA. DNA replication happens during the synthesis phase, also referred to as the S phase, of the cell cycle, which comes before the cell enters mitosis or meiosis.

The elucidation of the structure of the double helix gave a hint of how DNA is copied. Recall that cytosine and guanine pair while adenine and thymine couple. The two threads complement one another so well. For instance, a DNA strand with the nucleotide sequence AGTCATA will have a complementary DNA strand with the nucleotide sequence TCAGTACT.

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Answer:

  (d) Photosynthesis converts water and carbon dioxide gas into oxygen gas and carbohydrates

Explanation:

You want to describe the process of photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is the process of synthesizing the materials a plant needs for growth and reproduction from light energy and the raw materials water and carbon dioxide. The end products of the process are carbohydrates (glucose) and oxygen.

In short, ...

Photosynthesis converts water and carbon dioxide gas into oxygen gas and carbohydrates.

The cell theory also states that cells come from pre-existing cells, the answer is option A.

The cell theory of life according to Theodor Schwann, states three components which include:

Cells are the units and building block of every living organism on their own and contain genetic information encodings. They have energy flowing through them and are usually composed of the same chemicals.

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When the population density is low, people survive more easily and the clutch size grows.

According to a theoretical research study, the rising seasonality of resources from the tropics to the poles, either alone or in combination with a decline in predation and breeding season, can account for the latitudinal gradient in clutch size.

In conclusion, nest type, latitude, nestling development, and body size had the greatest effects on clutch size. Latitude, migratory patterns, nestling growth, and nutrition all had a significant impact on the number of broods.

The nature of the link between offspring quality and fitness and offspring quality and number affects these predictions. This anticipated number of children is known as the "ideal clutch size" in animals, particularly birds.

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Protons moving across the thylakoid membrane participate in atp production by moving through ATP synthase and providing free energy.

A disk-shaped, membrane sac that contains chlorophyll and is present in the chloroplasts of green plants and blue-green algae. It is here that the light response of photosynthesis takes place.

Chloroplasts and cyanobacteria contain membrane-bound compartments called thylakoids. They serve as the location of the photosynthetic reactions that depend on light. In thylakoids, a thylakoid lumen is encircled by a thylakoid membrane.

Grana are stacks of stacked thylakoids (singular: granum). Each chloroplast has a large number of grana. Lamellae, which are protrusions of the thylakoid membrane and lumen, connect several grana. Usually, 40–60 stacked thylakoid discs make up a granum.

Thylakoids' primary jobs involve capturing light energy and converting it into the chemical energy molecules ATP and NADPH. As a result of this procedure, oxygen and water released.

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By true breeding green-seeded plants a particular species of plants can have yellow or green seeds.

A true breeding is a form of reproduction in which the parents' offspring have the same phenotype. In other words, both parents have the same genetic makeup. The Aberdeen Angus breed of cattle is an illustration of real breeding. The fact that the cattle have been black for many generations is proof that a trait that has been passed down over many generations is still pure. Another illustration is when two dogs of the same breed mate. As a result, the characteristics of the children would be more predictable.

However, true breeding implies a small gene pool. As a result, there is a high likelihood that a certain trait will be inherited (such as genetic illnesses), which may have a negative impact on the offspring's health.

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Global warming can cause a rise in sea level, leading to the loss of coastal land, a change in precipitation patterns, increased risks of droughts and floods, and threats to biodiversity.

Ecological effects may includes Climate change where species live, interact. It can also effect the  timing of biological events, which could literally transform ecosystems and food webs.

Climate change can also alter the capacity of ecosystems to temper extreme events and disturbance, such as wildfires, floods, and drought. Their can also be a chance of and intense drought, storms, heat waves, rising sea levels, melting glaciers and warming oceans .

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large plantations that grow a single species of tree that undergoes intensive cropping are an example of wheat plantation.

An intensive cropping system is defined as a type of agricultural production system where high inputs of fertilizer, pesticides, labor and capital on a  land area being farmed.

For example Wheat , Maize (mechanical harvesting), Soybean (genetic modification), Tomato; These type of Cropping systems has to be evolved based on climate, soil and availability of water and use of available natural resources.

Other factor responsible for this cropping are increase in population has put pressure on land to increase productivity per unit area, unit time and for unit resource used, should  provide enough food for the family, fodder for cattle and generate sufficient cash income.

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The medical and social benefits of new technologies such as CT, PET, and MRI. are:

You will be exposed to very modest doses of radiation throughout these examinations. It has not been demonstrated that this little radiation exposure is harmful. There may be a slight possibility of an elevated risk of cancer in the future for kids or other individuals who require several PET scans, CT scans, and x-rays.

Compared to a CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging yields crisper images. An MRI is a better choice than x-rays or CT scans when doctors need to see soft tissues. Compared to CT images, MRIs can produce images of organs and soft tissues like damaged ligaments and herniated discs that are more accurate.

Therefore, X-rays, a form of radiation known as ionizing radiation, are used in CT scans. Your cells' DNA may be harmed, increasing the possibility that they may develop cancer.

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Subduction zones occur at places where  two continental plates are colliding.

Subduction zones can be found in places like deep oceanic trenches, lines of volcanoes parallel to the trenches, and zones of large earthquakes that extend from the trenches landward. The collision of the continental plates happen due to their differences in density and force of gravity.

Continental plates are also called the tectonic plates. These are the large pieces of the earth that move separately. These plates are made up of granitic rocks which are made up of relatively lightweight minerals such as quartz and feldspar. The cooling of magma forms the tectonic plates.

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Since the capsule's polysaccharides are comparable to those in the host, the immune response does not identify it as alien.

What kind of polysaccharide is this, specifically?

Examples of polysaccharides include starch, cellulose, and glycogen. Polysaccharides are stabilizers and dietary fiber in the food business. In the making of yogurt, for example, microorganisms can also produce polysaccharides.

What functions does polysaccharide serve?

In general, polysaccharides serve one of two purposes: either they store energy or they sustain structural integrity. High-density polymers like carbohydrates are used to store energy. In both plants and animals, cellulose and chitin, two linear polymers, provide structural support.

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The frequency of the offspring being agouti brown is 3/9.

Here, it is given that both of the parents are agouti black. The children might be of four types of colors - agouti black (AaBB), agouti brown (AaBb), solid black (AABB), and solid brown (AABb). We also know that the color black is dominant over brown. Agouti is dominant over a solid color.

The phenotypes of the offspring are going to be - (AABB, AABb, AAbb, AaBB, AaBb, Aabb, aaBB, aaBb, aabb)

Here, we see that the agouti brown type comes three times i.e., AAbb, Aabb, aabb.

This means that three of the nine progeny are going to be agouti brown in color.

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Joe has mycoplasma pneumonia that is a special characteristic of genus that did not have any peptidoglycan.

Pneumonia can be caused by viruses that invade your lungs and airways. The most prevalent causes of viral pneumonia in adults are the flu (influenza virus) and the common cold (rhinovirus). The most prevalent cause of viral pneumonia in young infants is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Although most patients with pneumonia react favorably to therapy, pneumonia can be extremely dangerous and even fatal. Complications are more likely if you are an older adult, a very young child, have a weakened immune system, or have a serious medical condition such as diabetes or cirrhosis.

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Rock formations go into the mantle after being subducted, option C.

Subduction is the geological process of recycling rocks from the oceanic lithosphere into the Earth's mantle where two or more lithospheric plates collide known as convergent boundaries. The heavier plate dives beneath the other plate into the mantle where the tectonic plate converged between the oceanic lithosphere and a less dense lithosphere.

Sedimentary and metaphoric rocks that plunge deep during subduction ultimately melts to form magma then cools off into igneous rock. This entire process is known as the rock cycle which takes millions of years to complete.

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In 2013, the global carbon dioxide concentration peaked at over 400 parts per million and thus well exceed its natural range of 180 to 280 ppm.

What is the keeling curve?

The Keeling curve, provided by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, gives the daily reading of atmospheric carbon dioxide, in parts per million (ppm), measured at the top of Mauna Loa, Hawaii.

Carbon dioxide is considered to be the 'global climate thermostat' for planet earth and is a greenhouse gas that is transparent to incoming solar radiation, absorbing outgoing infrared radiation the earth is giving off as the surface cools.

Co2 is the most important man-made greenhouse gas, which acts like a blanket trapping heat near the surface of the earth. Hence increase in carbondioxide concentration mostly causes the greenhouse effect.

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Hexose sugar is produced by phosphorylation, aldose sugar is converted into ketose sugar by isomerization, and hexose monophosphate is changed into hexose bisphosphate by phosphorylation.

By altering the structure of the phosphorylated protein, phosphorylation controls protein activity and cell signaling. These modifications may have two different effects on the protein. The protein's ability to catalyze reactions is first controlled by conformational alterations.

By harnessing energy from the movement of electrons inside an electron transport system, oxidative phosphorylation, which takes place by chemiosmosis, produces ATP. Only one proton (H+) one and electron can be found in an atom of hydrogen. Electrons have potential energy, or stored energy, that is available for use.

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A macrophage is a type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells. This cell type also removes dead cells as well as stimulates the action of other immune cells.

Leukocytes are the white blood cells present inside the body. These are synthesized in the bone marrow of the bones. The cells may be present in blood as well as the lymph fluid. The most important function of leukocytes is to help in maintaining and increasing the immunity of the body by fighting the foreign invaders.

Immunity is the ability of the body to protect itself by fighting with the foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses etc. More healthy and disease-free an organism is, more is his immunity.

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The condition of finding blood cells in the urine is called hematuria and some of them are caused by bacterial infections.

In hematuria, the kidneys or other parts of the urinary tract are disturbed so that blood cells mix with urine.

The following are some of the causes of hematuria

1. Urinary tract infection, occurs because bacteria enter the body through the urethra and multiply in the bladder

2. Kidney infection, occurs when bacteria enter the kidney from the bloodstream

3. Kidney stones, occurs when minerals in the urine form crystals in the walls of the kidneys or bladder that cause blockage

4. Side effects of drugs, some drugs such as anti-cancer drugs can cause bleeding in the urinary tract.

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Any molecule within a cell that has a uracil group will also contain a ribose. So the correct choice is D. ribose.

Ribose is a macromolecule that is part of nucleic acids. Ribose will be one of the bases that will form ribonucleic acids. Ribose will also be part of nucleotides that are not nucleic like ATP, which is one of the most important molecules for metabolism since it provides energy for most of the body's reactions. These riboses will be linked to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.

In riboses the thiamine base will not be used, for this reason the uracils will be used instead of this.

Therefore, we can confirm that any molecule within a cell that has a uracil group will also contain a ribose. So the correct option is D. ribose.

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Any molecule within a cell that has a uracil group will also contain __________.

A. deoxyribose

B. glycerol

C. glucose

D. ribose

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Answer:

Different Layers of the Earth

The Inner Core

The Outer Core

Mantle

Crust

Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs

Different Layers of the Earth

Layers Of Earth

The inner core, the outer core, mantle and crust are the four layers of earth

The Inner Core

It is the centre and the hottest layer of the Earth. The inner core is solid and made up of iron and nickel with temperatures up to 5,500oC. Due to its immense heat energy, the inner core is more like the engine room of the Earth.

The Outer Core

The outer core of the Earth is similar to a very hot ball of metals, whose temperature is around 4000 oF to 90000F. It is so hot that the metals inside are all liquid. The outer core is around 1800 miles under the crust and is approximately 1400 miles thick. It is composed of metals such as iron and nickel. The outer core surrounds the inner core.

The inner core has pressures and temperatures so high that the metals are squeezed together and not able to move like a liquid but are forced to vibrate instead of solid.

Mantle

Mantle is the widest section of the Earth. Its thickness is approximately 2,900 km. The mantle is mainly made up of semi-molten rock known as magma. The rock is hard in the upper part of the mantle, but lower down the rock is softer and begins to melt.

The mantle is located directly under the Sima. The mantle consists of very hot and dense rock. This layer of rock flows like asphalt under heavy weight. This flow is because of the greatest temperature differences from the bottom to the top of the mantle. The reason behind the plates of the Earth moving is the movement of the mantle. Its temperature varies between 1600 oF at the upper part to 4000 oF near the bottom.

Crust

The crust is the outer layer where we live. The thickness is around 0-60 km. It’s a solid rock layer divided into two types:

Continental crust covers the land and,

Oceanic crust covers water

The crust is the most widely studied and understood. The mantle is hotter and capable of flowing. The outer and inner core is much hotter with great pressures that you can squeeze into a ball smaller than marble if you are able to go to the centre of the Earth.anation:

Answer:

Explanation:

1.hydrologic cycle

2. dew point

3. True

4. Cloud droplets from

5. Encounter Mountains

Answer:

the water cycle, dew point, true, cloud droplets form, encounter mountains

Explanation:

Paramecium protozoan possess cilia, (a locomotory organelle) which is absent in the cells of a strawberry plant.

Locomotion is the movement of organisms from one place to another. There are several ways in which organisms can move. The anatomical structures that animals use for locomotion, such as cilia, legs, wings, arms, fins, and tails, are sometimes called locomotory organs or motor structures.

Locomotive organelles found in protists include:

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Epinephrine which is also known as adrenaline, is responsible for the fight-or-flight response.

Adrenaline (epinephrine) is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands to prepare the body for stressful or dangerous situations. Adrenaline rush refers to the rapid release of adrenaline into the bloodstream. This prepares the body for a "fight or flight" response. Because most people are sometimes exposed to stressful situations, they are familiar with the typical symptoms of an adrenaline rush, such as: Rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, anxiety, excessive sweating, heart palpitations.

The fight-or-flight response is an automatic physiological response to stressful or frightening events. Perceiving a threat activates the sympathetic nervous system, triggering an acute stress response that prepares for fight or flee.

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The correct statement from above which describes the role of animals in the water and carbon cycles is:

animals use oxygen to perform photosynthesis and release carbon dioxide as a by‐product.

The correct option is d.

Carbon cycle simply refers to series of processes which involves the continual movement of carbon atoms from the atmosphere to the earth and from the earth back to the atmosphere.

From the task given above, carbon dioxide which is cycle to the atmosphere is as a result of being exhaled by animals and oxygen is a by product of photosynthesis.

In conclusion, we can now confirm perfect deduce from the explanation simple above that the movement of carbon from the earth to the atmosphere and back to the earth is very important to well being of animals.

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The difference in the concentration of molecules in two areas across a membrane is concentration gradient.

In the field of science, concentration gradient can be described as a term that is used when there is a difference in the number of molecules inside and outside the membrane. Due to this difference, molecules either pass into a cell or outside of a cell.

When the concentration of a molecule is higher outside a cell as compared to the inside of a cell, a concentration gradient will develop. As a result of this concentration gradient, molecules will move into the cell.

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DHA and EPA eicosanoids may be  derived from omega-3 fatty acids they reduce blood clot formation and promote heart health. The richest food source of DHA and EPA is ______Fish______.

EPA and DHA are very important for proper fetal development, including: neurological, retinal and immune function. EPA and DHA may affect many aspects of cardiovascular functions including: inflammation, peripheral artery disease, major coronary events, and anticoagulation.

He has his three forms of these fatty acids. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is primarily found in vegetable oils, and seafood is the best source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). ALA is an essential fatty acid and must be obtained from food. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids include fish, vegetable oils, nuts (especially walnuts), flaxseeds, linseed oil, and leafy greens.

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If a cell is no longer able to differentiate into any type of tissue, it has become a differentiated cell.

A stem cell can differentiate into a different kind through cellular differentiation. Usually, the cell will transform into a new, more specialized type. As a multicellular organism develops from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types, it passes through multiple differentiation cycles. Adult stem cells continue to grow when they divide into fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and regular cell turnover. Immune reactions to an antigen lead to differentiation. A cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and signal receptivity all vary dramatically during differentiation.

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External respiration refers to gas exchange, regardless of its location, whereas Internal respiration refers to the cellular process that metabolizes glucose and results in the production of atp.

Respiration is the transport of oxygen from the outside environment to cells within tissues, as well as the removal of carbon dioxide in the reverse direction. It is a biological process that occurs within living creatures' cells. The chemical process through which organic substances release energy is known as respiration. Exergonic reactions transform the molecules into new ones. There are two forms of respiration: aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic respiration consumes oxygen and produces a lot of energy. We can breathe because of our lungs and respiratory system. They transport oxygen into our bodies (this is known as inspiration or inhalation) and expel carbon dioxide (called expiration, or exhalation). Respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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