CH3CH2CH2CH3 i.e., butane having more boiling point among the all given .
Compounds composed of molecules joined by chemical bonds arranged so that their charge distributions are symmetrical are called non-polar compound
Compounds composed of molecules joined by asymmetric polar bonds.
Polar compounds exhibit polarity. This is a property characterized by two opposite charges or poles. As such, it can be converted into a water-soluble ion, which is a polar molecule.
Reason :
while increasing the number of carbons in the chain, the boiling point also increases. The alkanes having intractions with the neighbour alkanes will be Van der Waals dispersion forces, these intractions are very less in the small molecule such as methane. The the force of attraction between the molecules increases as the molecule gets longer and has more electrons.
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Ocean waves pass through two small openings, 22 m apart, in a breakwater. You're in a boat 85m from the breakwater and initially midway between the openings, but the water is pretty rough. You row 39 m parallel to the breakwater and, for the second time, find yourself in relatively calm water.What is the wavelength of the ocean waves?
Answer:
22 m
Explanation:
The wavelength of the ocean waves is 22 m.
When ocean waves pass through two small openings in a breakwater, the distance between the openings, known as the waveguide, determines the wavelength of the waves. In this case, the distance between the openings is 22 m, so the wavelength of the waves is also 22 m.
The fact that you were initially midway between the two openings, and that you rowed 39 m parallel to the breakwater before finding yourself in relatively calm water again, does not affect the wavelength of the waves. The wavelength is determined solely by the distance between the openings in the breakwater.
From the same 44,000 liters of water used to discover Rubidium Chloride, Busen extracted 17 g of Cesium Chloride (MW=168.36). what was the original concentration (in micromolar) of Cesium chloride? ______ micromolar
Radiation therapy uses the radioactive isotope of the alkali metal cesium (Cesium 137). A non-radioactive salt called cadmium chloride is marketed as an alternative cancer treatment. It is based on discoveries that cancer cells have an affinity for cesium ions and is also known as "high pH therapy" (1).
What is the cesium chloride chemical formula?
The inorganic compound with the chemical formula CsCl is known as calcium chloride or cesium chloride. In a variety of specialized applications, this colorless salt serves as a significant supply of caesium ions. Each caesium ion in its crystal structure constitutes a primary structural type that is coordinated by 8 chloride ions.
Is CsCl an electrical conductor?
For usage compatible with chlorides, cesium chloride is a great supply of crystalline cesium that is water soluble. When combined or dissolved in water, chloride compounds can conduct electricity when fused.
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expt 1 copper metal was added to an aqueos solution of silver nitrate. observation: the copper become coated with a substance
On the copper's surface, a crystalline solid with a grey tint began to develop, and the solution acquired the blue hue that copper(II) ions are known for.
The periodic table of elements has copper at position 29. It is regarded as a semi-precious, nonferrous, malleable metal with countless uses in the fields of electrical and electronics, plumbing, building construction and architecture, industry, transportation, and consumer and health items.
Electrical equipment like wire and motors use the majority of copper. This is so that wires can be dragged through it, which has excellent heat and electricity conductivity. It can be used in industrial machines, as well as building (for things like roofing and piping) (such as heat exchangers).
Metals are a class of materials that have strong thermal and electrical conductivity, as well as malleability, ductility, and high light reflection. Using copper (Cu), aluminium (Al), etc. as examples.
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a compound with a molecular formula of c10h12o2 has the following 1h nmr spectrum. which of the following structures is consistent with this spectrum?
2-Propoxybenzaldehyde | C10H12O2 - PubChem 4'-Hydroxybutyrophenone | C10H12O2 | CID 66092 - structure,... 4 Spectral Information
What does formyl look like inside?A carbonyl attached to hydrogen forms a formyl functional group. A formyl group is known as an aldehyde when it is joined to a R group.
Why is it referred to as butyraldehyde?An organic molecule with the formula CH3(CH2)2CHO is butyraldehyde, sometimes referred to as butanal. This substance is butane's aldehyde derivative. It is a flammable, colorless liquid with an awful odor. You find a novel chemical X. The following lR and proton NMR spectra are observed, and mass spectroscopy indicates that the chemical formula is C9H120.
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What kind of health problems can polluted air cause? Write three health problems.
Answer:
asthamabronchitisemphysemathe number of electrons present in the p orbitals in the ouitermost electron shell of the halogen atoms is
The number of electrons present in the p orbitals in the outermost electron shell of the halogen atoms depends on the element.
Halogens are a group of chemical elements consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. They are all highly reactive and are found in a variety of compounds. Halogens are used in a wide range of applications from household cleaning products to industrial processes.
The number of electrons present in the p orbitals in the outermost electron shell of the halogen atoms is
For Fluorine (F): 2 electrons in the 2p orbital
For Chlorine (Cl): 6 electrons in the 3p orbital
For Bromine (Br): 10 electrons in the 4p orbital
For Iodine (I): 14 electrons in the 5p orbital
For Astatine (At): 18 electrons in the 6p orbital
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A team at a university in Pennsylvania has concerns about the health of streams in a watershed because of the various land uses in the area. There has been an increase in road repair work, and the area has many dairy farms. Which of the following would be most effective at preventing sediment runoff into the streams of the watershed?
A team at a university in Pennsylvania has concerns about the health of streams in a watershed because of the various land uses in the area. Maintain zones of grass at least 100m wide on the sides of streams in the area would be most effective at preventing sediment runoff into the streams of the watershed
watershed is a piece of land which drains or "sheds" water into a particular body of water. A watershed exists for every body of water. Rainfall and snowmelt are channelled into rivers and streams by watersheds. These relatively small bodies of water drain into larger bodies of water, such as lakes, bays, and seas. Stream water is also obtained from permeates and artesian wells where groundwater discharges to the land surface from aquifers. As this water collects and flows downslope, it concentrates in low areas, forming small stream channels. These small streams are known as a watershed's headwaters
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Arrange the following from lowest to highest entropy: NO(g) , NO2(g), N2O4(g) , N2 (g) . Assume 1 mole of each at the same conditions.
Values of entropy, from lowest to greatest
N2 = 191.6, NO = 210.8, NO2 = 240.0, N2O4 = 304.4, N2 is the lowest and N2O4 is the greatest entropy values.
Entropy, broadly speaking, serves as a metric for energy quality, with lower entropy indicating higher quality. Entropy is lower for energy that has been carefully organised (the efficient library). The random-pile library is a chaotic energy storage system with high entropy.
In other terms, entropy is the growth in disorder inside a system. It is described as the measurement of degree of unpredictability.
Greek words en- = in + trope = a turning were combined to form the word entropy by German physicist Rudolf Clausius in 1865 [Cl] (point). The name has an energy analogue, and etymologists think it was intended to signify the type of energy that all energy eventually and inevitably transforms into: wasteful heat.
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this chemical tightly binds to hemoglobin, blocking its ability to deliver oxygen to red blood cells. A. ulfur dioxide B.nitrogen dioxide C.sulfuric acid D.carbon monoxide
D. Carbon monoxide is the chemical that tightly binds to hemoglobin, blocking its ability to deliver oxygen to red blood cells.
When carbon monoxide interacts and binds with hemoglobin in the blood to generate carboxyhemoglobin, carbon monoxide poisoning ensues (COHb). Less oxygen is transferred to bodily tissues and key organs including the brain and heart when carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin. Hemoglobin and carbon monoxide have a connection that is roughly 250 times stronger than hemoglobin and oxygen.
Although carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin with an about 240 times greater affinity than oxygen does, this affinity varies between and even within species.
The Hb-Kirklareli mutation causes systemic carboxyhemoglobin to consistently reach a level of 16% COHb in people because it has an affinity for carbon monoxide that is 80,000 times larger than that for oxygen.
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Using the following standard reduction potentials,
Fe3+(aq) + e- →Fe2+(aq) E° = +0.77 V
Ni2+(aq) + 2 e- →Ni(s) E° = -0.23 V
calculate the standard cell potential for the galvanic cell reaction given below, and determine whether or not this reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions.
Ni2+(aq) + 2 Fe2+(aq) → 2 Fe3+(aq) + Ni(s)
a) E° = -1.00 V, spontaneous
b) E° = +1.00 V, nonspontaneous
c) E° = +1.00 V, spontaneous
d) E° = -1.00 V, nonspontaneous
The standard cell potential for the galvanic cell reaction given below is
+100 V and it is non spontaneous reaction.
E°= Fe2+(aq) - Ni+(s)
E°=+0.77 V- ( -0.23 V)
E°=+100 V
this reaction is non spontaneous.
A spontaneous reaction is one that favors the formation of products under the reaction's current conditions. An illustration of a spontaneous response is a roaring bonfire (see illustration below). A fire is exothermic, which means that as heat is released into the environment, the energy of the system decreases. Since gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor make up the majority of a fire's byproducts, the entropy of the system rises during most combustion reactions. Because of this decrease in energy and rise in entropy, combustion reactions take place on their own. A non-spontaneous reaction is one that, under the specified conditions, does not favor the formation of products.
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please explain your answer and answer it correctly look at the image shown i put 100 points because i want to give whoever helps me with this a good amount. please refresh if you dont see image
There can be release of radiations like gamma radiation. There can be emission of particles too like alpha particle. Therefore, the given nuclear decay reaction is balanced.
What is nuclear decay?It is process in which the radioactive element releases particles or radiations. Alpha particles is ⁴₂He. Alpha particle is nothing but helium particle.
So, according to our questions Uranium-238 is undergoing alpha emission. The balanced reaction can be written as
²³⁸U₉₂ [tex]\rightarrow[/tex]²³⁴ Th₉₀+⁴₂He
So, From above reaction we can see that the total mass on reactant side is equal to total mass on product side. So, this reaction is balanced.
Therefore, the given nuclear decay reaction is balanced.
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The indicator in a titration changed color after 0.005 mol of calcium hydroxide were added to to a sulfuric acid solution for the chemical reaction shown below.
How much sulfuric acid was in solution?
H2SO4+Ca(OH)2 > CaSO4+2H2O
0.005 mol
0.1 mol
0.105 mol
I need more information to answer this question.
According to the equation, the solution must be neutralized using 1 mole of Ca(OH)₂ per each 1 mole of H₂SO₄. Therefore, 0.005 moles of H₂SO₄ are needed for every mole of Ca(OH)₂.
What is the definition of titration?Titration, commonly referred to as titrimetry, is a method of chemical qualitative analysis used to determine the level of a certain analyte in a mixture. Titration is a crucial analytical chemistry technique that is also frequently referred to as serial dilution.
What does titration mean?The French term titrer (1543), which means the percentage of silver and gold in coins or in compositions of gold or silver, is where the word "titration" comes from. This word is a measurement of fineness of purity.
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18. Explain how soaps and detergents remove dirt from clothing.
Answer:
Soup and detergents work by breaking up and suspending the dirt and other contaminants in water so that they can be easily rinsed away. When mixed with water, they form a solution that helps to loosen and lift dirt and other, while they hydrophobic (water-repelling) end. The hydrophilic end is solution comes into contact with dirty clothing, the hydrophobic end of molecules attach to the dirt and oils, while the hydrophilic ends remains in the water. This form micelles, which are tiny spheres that contain the dirt and oils in their core and the soup or detergent molecules on the outside. The micelles are then easily rinsed away with water, taking the dirt and other contaminants with them.
carbon dioxide equivalent ( co2e ) is used to compare contributions to climate change of various greenhouse gases. a study at a farm calculated the carbon dioxide equivalent for different production stages for beef and chicken production. which of the following statements is best supported by the data in the graph?
The correct statement is that beef contributes to green house effect. As a result of fermentation in cows' digestive tracts, which emits methane gas, producing beef results in a greater greenhouse gas contribution than producing chickens.
India, for instance, consumes the least meat of any nation despite having the biggest population of cattle worldwide. Cows live longer as a result, and they produce more methane overall. Additionally, cows in tropical areas produce less milk and meat, which increases the time it takes for them to reach the market. The greenhouse effect explains how heat is trapped at the Earth's surface by "greenhouse gases."You may think of these heat-trapping gases as a blanket keeping the Earth warmer than it otherwise would be. Examples of greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, and water vapor. “Feedback” is a type of water vapor that reacts physically or chemically to changes in temperature. Scientists have found that the warming effect of carbon dioxide contributes to the stabilization of Earth's atmosphere.
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As a result of fermentation in cows' digestive systems, which emits methane gas, producing beef results in a greater greenhouse gas contribution than producing chickens.
When comparing the emissions of different greenhouse gases (GHGs) based on their global-warming potential (GWP), carbon dioxide equivalents, also known as CO2e, are used to convert levels of other gases to the equivalent quantity of carbon dioxide with the same GWP.While this is going on, global-warming potential explains the relative potency of a greenhouse gas, molecule for molecule, taking into account how long it remains active in the atmosphere. The following are some of the greenhouse gases included in the Kyoto Protocol: Carbon dioxide (CO2). Nitrous oxide, methane (CH4) (N2O). Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and nitrogen trifluoride are examples of fluorinated gases (NF3).
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explain why ncl3ncl3 is a liquid at room temperature while nh3nh3 is a gas. explain why is a liquid at room temperature while is a gas. hydrogen bonding is present in ncl3ncl3 but not in nh3nh3 . ncl3ncl3 has greater dipole moment than nh3nh3 and thus the dipole-dipole forces in ncl3ncl3 are stronger. the dispersion forces are greater in ncl3ncl3 than in nh3nh3 . ncl3ncl3 partly dissociates to form ions and nh3nh3 does not. therefore, ion-dipole interactions are present in ncl3ncl3 but not in nh3nh3 .
NH₃ is gas while NCl₃ is liquid at room temperature due to the intermolecular bonding.
The chemical compound having the formula NCl₃ is known as trichloramine, or nitrogen trichloride. The most common way to encounter this explosive liquid is as a result of chemical interactions involving ammonia derivatives and chlorine. It is yellow, greasy, pungent-smelling, and explosive (for example, in swimming pools).
Ammonia, NH₃, is held together strongly by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. While the same group's hydrides contain van der Waal forces between molecules. Furthermore, hydrogen bonds are more powerful than van der Waal forces.
Because of this, NH₃ is a liquid while other hydrides in the same family are gases.
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be sure to include the correct physical states of reactants and products. write the balanced equation of the reaction that occurs in a voltaic cell made using aluminum and tin electrodes immersed in 1.00 m solutions of al3 and sn2 . use the standard electrode potentials listed below to answer this question.
the balanced equation of the reaction that occur in voltaic cell is 3sn2+ + 2AL(s) = 3sn(3) + 2AL3+.
Half of the cell reaction will occur at the cathode, while the other half will occur at the anode due to the Sanger value of the standard reduction potential. To generate an electric current, galvanic (or voltaic) cells use a thermodynamically favoured redox reaction. Each half-reaction occurs in its own compartment, or half-cell, which contains an electrode. The anode is indeed the electrolytic capacitor at which oxidation occurs, and the cathode is the electrode in which reduction happens. The galvanic cell, also recognised as the voltaic cell, is a kind of electrochemical cell decided to name after scientists Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta. Oxidation-reduction reactions Galvanic (or voltaic) cells use a thermodynamically favourable redox reaction to generate an electric current. Each half-reaction takes place in its own compartment, or half-cell, which is equipped with an electrode.
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Using the two cell reduction potentials shown for their corresponding reaction, calculate the cell potential for a voltaic cell made from these two systems.
A)
–1.68 V
B)
1.68 V
C)
0.78 V
D)
–0.78 V
Answer:
C: 0.78 V
Explanation:
The Cr2O7 cell has a higher reduction potential, so it will be reduced (as it is a better oxidizing agent). This means that Fe will be oxidized. Its oxidation potential is simply the negative of its reduction potential, 0.45: [tex]E_{ox}=-0.45[/tex]. We know that cell potential is the sum of the reduction and oxidation potentials of each reaction (it is not an extensive property like enthalpy or entropy, so we don't need to worry about multiplying anything). Therefore, [tex]E_{cell}=(-0.45+1.23)V=0.78V[/tex].
Match each compound with the type of bond that exists between its atoms.
Nonpolar covalent Polar covalent Ionic
HCl
H2
NaCl
H2O
CaCl2
The type of bond that exists between its atoms are: HCl-covalent bond., H2-Hydrogen bond, NaCl-Ionic bond, H2O-Polar covalent, CaCl2-Ionic bond.
Is there hydrogen bonding in cacl2?Because it can create hydrogen bonds with water molecules, calcium chloride. H. Calcium chloride, which is capable of forming ion-dipole interactions with water molecules, a stronger kind of dipole-dipole bonding.
H2O has how many bonds?Each water molecule has the ability to create four hydrogen bonds: two between its hydrogen atoms and the hydrogen atoms of its neighbors, plus two more. As in regular ice, these four hydrogen bonds provide a tetrahedral arrangement around each water molecule.
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prodrugs are an area of medicinal chemistry that has been extensively researched over the last several years. prodrugs are designed to be initially inactive until further activated into the active form of the drug (which could include also esterification or trans-esterification event). for example: aspirin is a prodrug that gets converted to salicylic acid. (a) draw a complete arrow-pushing mechanism showing how aspirin is converted into salicylic acid (say by the stomach acylating enzyme at low ph). a scheme of the overall transformati
This is a acid catalyzed reaction proceeds through carbocation as an intermediate forms in the first step by consumption of acid.
While aspirin is ingested, it's far broken right down to salicylic acid by way of the primary conditions within the small gut. it's miles then absorbed into the bloodstream. Aspirin can be made with the aid of reacting salicylic acid with acetic acid within the presence of an acid catalyst.
Aspirin is quite simply hydrolyzed to salicylic acid, each enzymatically and non-enzymatically. Salicylic acid undergoes conjugation reactions producing the essential metabolites salicyluric acid (apparently catalyzed by using an acyl-CoA N-acyltransferase) and glucuronides (gluc) (catalyzed through UGTs).
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highly efficient two-step synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from fructose without 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (hmf) separation: in situ oxidation of hmf in alkaline aqueous h2o/dmso mixed solvent under mild conditions 30 october 2018
The effective synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a promising bio based aromatic monomer that can be exploited to create innovative bio based polymeric materials, is still a significant problem.
The direct synthesis of FDCA from fructose without the need for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) separation is proposed in this work as a two-step process employing catalysts that are readily accessible in the market. By dehydrating fructose in DMSO for one hour at 120 °C under the catalysis of Amberlyst-15, HMF was produced in the first stage with a 97.1% HPLC yield. The second stage involved oxidizing the in-situ created HMF in a 3/1 (w/w) alkaline (K₂CO₃) H₂O/DMSO medium for 10 hours at 100 °C with Pt/C as the catalyst to produce FDCA in a 91% HPLC yield. A total of 88.4% of fructose was converted into FDCA overall. HMF is quickly converted to 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA) and 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA) respectively, however the rate-limiting step in the oxidation of HMF is the conversion of FFCA to FDCA.
Important variables influencing the reaction rate and selectivity include the H₂O/DMSO ratio, alkali type, alkali/HMF ratio, and reaction temperature. High FDCA yield is achieved by DMSO and alkaline aqueous solution working in harmony.
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Question 1 (2 points)
Determine the percent composition of chlorine in iron (III) chloride.?
Question 2 (5 points)
If we start this reaction with 40 grams of magnesium and an excess of nitric acid, how many grams of hydrogen gas could be produced?
____ Mg + ____ HNO3 à ____ Mg(NO3)2 + ____ H2
If 1.7 grams of hydrogen is actually produced, what was the percent yield of hydrogen?
Question 3 (6 points)
Magnesium metal reacts quantitatively with oxygen to give magnesium oxide, MgO. If 5.00 g of Mg and 5.00 g of O2 are allowed to react, what weight of MgO is formed, and what weight of which reactant is left in excess?
Question 4 (6 points)
Mr.T thinks the windows need cleaning (instead of preparing his lesson), (What a mistake!). So instead he starts cleaning his office because it is a disaster. He pulls out the ammonia (NH3) and gets to work. It takes him 5 hours!! During that time he decides to do a little chemistry, because he doesn't want to fall behind. He weighs his bottle of ammonia before (32.3g) and after (30.7g) he cleans. Using this information, he calculates how many atoms are present in the ammonia he used during cleaning.
Question 5 (6 points)
Mr.T keeps getting in trouble for not cleaning his plate completely after supper every night. He argues that it is because there is water-insoluble compounds on his plate so the water won't clean it. Being the cheeky chemist that he is he comes up with a method to make carbon disulfide, a natural solvent for water-insoluble compounds like fats, oils, and waxes. He is going to make millions!! The unbalanced reaction is shown below. When 27.5 g of carbon reacts with 235 g of sulfur dioxide, what mass of carbon disulfide can Mr.T make? Balance the following equation and use it to determine the limiting reagent in order to answer the problem.
Answer:
( I only know 2,3,4 )
If we start this reaction with 40 grams of magnesium and an excess of nitric acid, how many grams of hydrogen gas could be produced?
ANSWER: 40.g Mg + 1 mol HNO3 à 1 mol Mg (NO3)2+ 2.02g H2
= 3.3g H2
If 1.7 grams of hydrogen is actually produced, what was the percent yield of hydrogen?[tex]\frac{1.7g'hz}{3.3g'hz} x100 = 52% yield[/tex]
ANSWER:
Magnesium metal reacts quantitatively with oxygen to give magnesium oxide, MgO. If 5.00 g of Mg and 5.00 g of O2 are allowed to react, what weight of MgO is formed, and what weight of which reactant is left in excess?
ANSWER: 2 Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2 MgO(s)
How do you do number thirty?
construct a multistep synthetic route for the synthesis of acetylene from ethane by identifying the reagents and products of each step. note that each bin will hold only one item, and not every given reagent or structure will be used. (stoichiometry is omitted.)
Acetylene is made from ethane by the following synthetic process:
Reagent 1: Photobromination, Br2, and hv.
Reagent 2: Dehydrobromination using (CH3)3COK+.
Reagent 3: Bromination (Br2).
NaNH2, Elimination is Reagent 4.
What is the route for synthesis?
A synthetic pathway is the method utilised to produce a specific good. In order to study the precise components from which the desired product might be formed, chemists may need to be able to look backward.
(1) To convert ethane to bromoethane, Br2, h, and photobromination are needed as reagents.
(2) To convert bromoethane to ethene, the second necessary reagent is (CH3)3COK+, dehydrobromination.
(3) Ethene to 1,2-dibromoethane requires the following reagent:
Bromination, Br2.
(4) To convert 1,2-dibromoethane to ethyne, reagent 4 is needed.
NaNH2, eradication
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The complete question is :
Construct a multistep synthetic route for the synthesis of acetylene from ethane by identifying the reagents and products of each step. Note that each bin will hold only one item, and not every given reagent or structure will be used. (Stoichiometry is omitted.)
1. reagent 1 H3C—CH3
2. reagent 2 H-C=C—H(ethane) (acetylene)
3. reagent 3
4. reagent 4
the smallest particle of those listed below is question 45 options: a neutron. a quark. a molecule. an atom.
The smallest component of an element, possessing the very same chemical composition as element as a whole, is called an atom.
What is an example of a particle?Particles include things like planets, carbon atoms, and electrons. Fundamental particles include quarks and protons. These smallest, most massive particles, known as fundamental particles, are already the most stable.
What is a particle in chemistry?The particle is an extremely tiny piece of matter. This term covers a huge spectrum of sizes, from tiny subatomic particles like electrons to visible particles like dust specks floating in the sun. Search Up Additional Terms in the Dictionary.
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The goal of the VSEPR model is to arrange the position of the atoms and lone pairs surrounding the central atom in a manner that minimizes _____.
The goal of the VSEPR model is to arrange the position of the atoms and lone pairs surrounding the central atom in a manner that minimizes repulsion.
What is VSEPR?Based on the number of valence shell electron bond pairs between the atoms in a molecule or ion, the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model used to predict 3-D molecular shape. According to this hypothesis, electron pairs will position themselves to reduce the consequences of their mutual repulsion. Or to put it another way, the electron pairs are as far apart as they can be.
VSEPR Shapes:
For forecasting and visualizing molecular structures, use the VSEPR model. Linear, trigonal planar, angled, tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, di-sphenoidal (seesaw), t-shaped, octahedral, square pyramidal, square planar, and pentagonal bipyramidal are the different types of structures.
The names of 3-D geometric shapes are used for the VSEPR structures, such as the trigonal bipyramidal as an example. The VSEPR model depicts a trigonal bipyramidal molecule, such as phosphorus pentachloride or PCl5, as two (bi) linked triangular-base pyramids, with each atom acting as the vertex or corner of a triangular face. PCl5 has five valence shell electron pairs and a central phosphorus atom.
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9.45 draw a structural formula for the major organic product of each reaction and specify the most likely mechanism by which each is formed.
The reactions listed follows various mechanisms which includes SN1, SN2, of nucleophilic substitution, elimination reaction and so on.
When cyclobromohexene (C6H8Br) reacts with methanol (CH3OH), a substitution reaction occurs. The bromine atom in cyclobromohexene is replaced with a methyl group from the methanol. This results in the formation of 1-methyl cyclohexene (C6H10) and hydrobromic acid (HBr).
The reaction follows a mechanism known as an SN1 (substitution nucleophilic unimolecular) reaction. In this type of reaction, the bromine atom in cyclobromohexene is first protonated (it gains a hydrogen atom) by the methanol. This results in the formation of a carbocation (a positively charged carbon atom). The carbocation then reacts with a methanol molecule to form a new carbon-oxygen bond and release a proton. This forms 1-methyl cyclohexene and hydrobromic acid.
The treatment of haloalkanes with sodium hydroxide is a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The reaction involves the nucleophilic attack of the hydroxide anion on the carbon atom of the haloalkane to form an alkoxide ion and a halide ion. This process is known as the S N2 mechanism. The reaction proceeds via a three-step mechanism:
1) formation of a transition state where the incoming nucleophile attacks the carbon atom of the haloalkane.
2) the displacement of the leaving group, and
3) the formation of the product. The reaction is favorable due to the presence of strong nucleophilic and electrophilic sites in the reactant.
An alkyl halide can be converted to an ether via an SN2 reaction. In this type of reaction, a nucleophile attacks the carbon atom of the alkyl halide, replacing the halide group with an oxygen atom to form an ether. This reaction is generally favored in an aprotic solvent such as diethyl ether and requires an appropriate nucleophile such as an alkoxide ion. The SN2 reaction is a substitution reaction in which the nucleophile attacks the carbon atom, pushing off the leaving group (halide) in a single concerted step.
Dehydrohalogenation is a reaction in which a halogen atom (e.g. chlorine or bromine) is removed from an alkane along with the hydrogen atom to which it is attached, resulting in the formation of an alkene. This reaction is usually catalyzed by a strong base, such as an alkoxide or hydroxide ion, which abstracts a proton from the alkane, leaving the halogen atom with a negative charge. This halogen anion is then attacked by the nucleophile (the base itself) resulting in the formation of an alkene and the regeneration of the base. The reaction is also known as a "beta-elimination" reaction since the beta-carbon (the carbon next to the halogen atom) is the one that is eliminated in the reaction.
The image attached clearly explains the reactions.
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A sunflower seed is planted in the soil next to a sunflower plant that is already grown and blooming. In one to two sentences,
decide if the sunflower seed and sunflower plant are living or nonliving and explain why
The sunflower seed cannot be said as a living thing because it is just an organic matter from a living thing originate. The sunflower plant is living and it produce energy by photosynthesis.
What is sunflower?Sunflower is a type of plant normally growing in sunny regions. Sunflower plant need more sunlight and heat to grow. As we know all the plants are living and performing biological functions.
Like all other plants sunflower plant is living and perform all biological functions of plants such as photosynthesis. However, the sunflower seed cannot be said as a living thing.
The seed protrude to a living thing when it is nourished under soil with adequate water and nutrients and plant originating from the seed is living but the seed itself is not said to be living.
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Determine if a homogeneous solution forms when each pair of substances is mixed. Check all that apply. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 and CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 O CBr4 and H2O Cl2 and H2O You have identified at least one incorrect pair of substances. Classify each compound as example, polar compounds dissolve homogeneously with other polar compounds.
When each combination of chemicals is combined, a homogeneous solution of H2O Cl2 and H2O results.
Does Milk Contain Heterogeneous or Homogeneous Components?Because its various components are not evenly blended, milk is a heterogeneous mixture. When milk is put into a glass and fat globules rise to the top, these components can be seen.
A homogenous mixture is what?A mixture is said to be homogenous if its composition is constant throughout. Because the dissolved salt is evenly distributed throughout the whole salt water sample, the salt water described above is homogenous. If the particles of two or more components interact with one another, the result is a homogenous mixture or solution. When the intermolecular forces of attraction between them are similar, they interact.
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Which of the following wavenumber corresponds to the carbon/carbon triple bond region on an IR spectrum? 500 4000 cm 400-4000 cm1 400 1500 cm1 2100 2300 cm1 1600 - 1850 cm1
The wavenumber that corresponds to the carbon/carbon triple bond area on an IR spectra is 2100–2300 cm–1.
Alkynes in IR Spectroscopy Training Alkynes are substances with a triple bond between carbon atoms (-CC-). Between 2260 and 2100 cm-1, a faint band represents the -CC stretch. Due to the rarity of organic substances that exhibit an absorption in this area, this can be a crucial diagnostic tool. In compounds known as alkenes or alkynes, carbon atoms can also form double or triple bonds. An sp 2-hybridized orbital and a p-orbital that wasn't engaged in the hybridization combine to produce a double bond. An sp-hybridized orbital and two p-orbitals from each atom combine to form a triple bond.
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Use the van der Waals equation to calculate the volume of 1.055 mol of neon at a pressure of 460.0 atm and a temperature of 375.0 K. (Use a = 0.211 L² .atm/mol? and b = 0.0171 L/mol for the van der Waals constants.) (Hint: One way to solve the van der Waals equation for V is to use successive approximations. Use the ideal gas law to get a preliminary estimate for V.) Express your answer in liters to three significant figures.V = ___ L
The volume of 1.055 mol of neon at a pressure of 460.0 atm and a temperature of 375.0 K is 0.046 L
What is the van der Waals equation?
The relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of actual gases is described by the Van der Waals equation. The equation for a real gas with 'n' moles is expressed as;
(P + an²/V²)(V - nb) = nRT
The formula can also be expressed as follows: Cube power of volume:
V = nRT/(P + an²/V²) -nb
Given that: a = 0.211 L² .atm/mol, b = 0.0171 L/mol, P = 460.0 atm T = 375.0 K, n = 1.055
Now from ideal gas equation V = nRT/P we get:
V = (1.055×0.082×375)/460.0 L
= 0.0705 L
Now from the van der Waals equation:
V = (1.055×0.082×375)/(460.0 + 0.211×1.055²/0.0705²) - (1.055×0.0171)
= 0.046 L
Hence, volume of the gas is 0.046 L.
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